Ammonia burner

Abstract

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention may provide an ammonia burner capable of forming a stable flame and reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides during the combustion process of fuel.

Description

ammonia burner

[0001] The present invention relates to an ammonia burner.

[0002] Generally, burner systems utilized fossil fuels that generate large amounts of greenhouse gases during combustion. Consequently, there have been attempts to develop new fuels, and among them, interest in ammonia, which does not produce carbon dioxide during combustion, has increased.

[0003] Ammonia can form nitrogen and water upon combustion. This allows for the provision of an eco-friendly combustion system. However, ammonia requires high energy for ignition and its combustion is unstable. Furthermore, incomplete combustion can result in the emission of excessive nitrogen oxides. Therefore, to use ammonia as a fuel, it is necessary to develop technology that can stably form a flame and reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides.

[0004] (Patent Document 1) Korean Published Patent Application No. 10-2023-0151711.

[0005] The problem that the technical concept of the present invention aims to solve is to provide an ammonia burner capable of forming a stable flame and reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides during the combustion process of fuel.

[0006] The problems of the present invention are not limited to those described above. A person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will have no difficulty understanding additional problems of the present invention from the overall details of the specification.

[0007] According to exemplary embodiments for solving the problem of the present invention, an ammonia burner is provided. The ammonia burner comprises: a first fuel nozzle configured to inject a first fuel; a first air nozzle positioned outside the first fuel nozzle from a central axis and configured to inject a first combustion air; and a plasma device positioned outside the first fuel nozzle from a central axis and configured to provide a second fuel derived from ammonia, wherein the plasma device comprises: a main body extending in a first direction parallel to the central axis and having an internal space; a first electrode positioned in the internal space and configured to inject liquid ammonia into the internal space, to which voltage is applied; and a second electrode positioned at the front discharge port side of the main body and spaced apart from the first electrode in the first direction so as to generate plasma between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0008] The plasma device may be positioned further outward from the central axis than the first air nozzle.

[0009] The plasma device may be positioned further inward from the central axis than the first air nozzle.

[0010] The above-mentioned tip discharge port includes a stepped portion having a diameter larger than the diameter of the internal space, and the stepped portion includes a stepped surface having a first length extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; and a horizontal surface having a second length extending from the stepped surface in the first direction, and the ratio (L2 / L1) of the first length (L1) and the second length (L2) may be 1 to 4.

[0011] The above plasma device and the first air nozzle are provided in multiple numbers, and the plasma devices and the first air nozzles are arranged circumferentially at equal distances from the central axis, and each plasma device and the first air nozzle may be arranged alternately.

[0012] The above plasma device and the first air nozzle are provided in multiple numbers, and the plasma devices may be arranged such that the distance to the nearest first air nozzle is closer than the distance to the nearest other plasma device.

[0013] The above plasma device may be configured to supply a second combustion air to the internal space.

[0014] The above plasma device may further include a swirler configured to form a swirling flow of the second combustion air.

[0015] The equivalent ratio of the second combustion air and the liquid ammonia may be 1.2 or higher.

[0016] It may further include a pilot burner positioned on the central axis.

[0017] The first fuel nozzles mentioned above may be provided in multiple numbers along the circumferential direction of the pilot burner.

[0018] It may further include a second fuel nozzle positioned between the first air nozzle and the plasma device from the above central axis and configured to inject the first fuel.

[0019] It may further include a second air nozzle configured to surround the first fuel nozzle and inject the first combustion air.

[0020] The above plasma device may further include a first insulator inserted into the second electrode and disposed at the tip discharge port side of the main body.

[0021] The above plasma device may include a first plasma device disposed at the tip discharge port side of the main body and including a first insulator inserted into the second electrode, and a second plasma device not including the first insulator.

[0022] A higher voltage than that of the second plasma device may be applied to the first plasma device.

[0023] The first fuel mentioned above may be process tail gas derived from a hydrogen purification process.

[0024] According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, an ammonia nozzle capable of forming a stable flame and reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides during the combustion of fuel, and a burner system including the same can be provided.

[0025] The various and beneficial advantages and effects of the present invention are not limited to those described above and will be more easily understood in the process of explaining specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 1 is a drawing for illustrating an ammonia burner according to exemplary embodiments.

[0027] FIG. 2 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner according to exemplary embodiments.

[0028] FIG. 3 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner according to exemplary embodiments.

[0029] FIG. 4 is a drawing for illustrating an ammonia burner according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0030] FIG. 5 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0031] FIG. 6 is a drawing for illustrating an ammonia burner according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0032] FIG. 7 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0033] FIG. 8 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0034] FIG. 9 is a drawing for illustrating an ammonia burner according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0035] FIG. 10 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0036] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings. Instead, based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concepts of terms to best describe his invention, they should be interpreted in a meaning and concept consistent with the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0037] In the following descriptions with reference to the drawings, identical or corresponding components are assigned the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0038] In the following embodiments, the terms first, second, etc. are used not in a limiting sense, but for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component.

[0039] In the following embodiments, the singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0040] In the following embodiments, terms such as "include" or "have" mean that the features or components described in the specification are present, and do not preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may be added.

[0041] In the drawings, the size of components may be exaggerated or reduced for convenience of explanation. For example, the size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are depicted arbitrarily for convenience of explanation, so the present invention is not necessarily limited to what is illustrated.

[0042] Where an embodiment can be implemented differently, a specific process sequence may be performed differently from the order described. For example, two processes described consecutively may be performed substantially simultaneously or proceed in the reverse order of the description.

[0043] In addition, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of related known components or functions may obscure the essence of the invention, such detailed description is omitted.

[0044] The present invention will be described in detail below through each embodiment. It should be noted that each embodiment described in this specification is not limited to a single embodiment but may also be combined with other embodiments. Accordingly, the citation of claims in the patent claims is merely an example of an embodiment, and the technical concept of the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited only to a combination with the cited claims; rather, combinations with various claims are also included within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention.

[0045] The present invention will be described in detail below through examples. However, it should be noted that the following examples are intended merely to illustrate and embody the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. This is because the scope of the present invention is determined by the matters described in the patent claims and matters reasonably inferred therefrom.

[0046] Hereinafter, an ammonia burner according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0047] (Example 1)

[0048] FIG. 1 is a drawing for illustrating an ammonia burner (10) according to exemplary embodiments.

[0049] FIG. 2 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner (10-1) according to exemplary embodiments.

[0050] FIG. 3 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner (10-2) according to exemplary embodiments.

[0051] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, the ammonia burner (10) includes a first fuel nozzle (100), a first air nozzle (200), and a plasma device (300). Fuel and combustion air are discharged from the tip (E1) of the ammonia burner (10), and a flame is formed through the combustion reaction of these.

[0052] The first fuel nozzle (100) may be configured to inject the first fuel. The first fuel nozzle (100) may have a flow path through which the first fuel can flow. The first fuel nozzle (100) may be provided in the form of a tube extending through the ammonia burner (10). The first fuel nozzle (100) may be fluidly connected to an external first fuel supply device.

[0053] As one example, the first fuel nozzle (100) may be arranged coaxially with the central axis (C) of the ammonia burner (10). As another example, the first fuel nozzle (100) may be arranged in a circular shape with respect to the central axis (C) of the ammonia burner (10). As yet another example, the first fuel nozzle (100) may be arranged in a circular shape with respect to the central axis (C) and coaxially with respect to the central axis (C). The arrangement of the first fuel nozzle (100) is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the arrangement with other nozzles described later.

[0054] The first fuel is the main fuel that forms the flame. The first fuel may include any one of ammonia, hydrogen, and a mixture thereof. In terms of carbon dioxide reduction, it is desirable that the first fuel substantially contain no carbon. According to exemplary embodiments, the first fuel may be a process tail gas derived from a hydrogen purification process. More specifically, during ammonia decomposition, the reaction gas may contain hydrogen, nitrogen, and undissolved ammonia. Subsequently, a hydrogen purification process may be performed to obtain high-purity hydrogen. In this case, the process tail gas refers to the gas from which the hydrogen content has been reduced from the reaction gas through the hydrogen purification process. As such, since the process tail gas contains undissolved ammonia and hydrogen, it can generate an appropriate amount of heat during the combustion reaction. Furthermore, it can be combined with the hydrogen purification process to increase process efficiency.

[0055] The first air nozzle (200) may be positioned further outward from the central axis (C) than the first fuel nozzle (100) and configured to inject first combustion air. The central axis (C) refers to a virtual axis line extending from the center of the ammonia burner (10). The distance from the central axis (C) to the first air nozzle (200) may be longer than the distance from the central axis (C) to the first fuel nozzle (100). As a result, the first combustion air can be injected further outward from the central axis (C) of the ammonia burner (10) than the first fuel, thereby forming a stable flame.

[0056] The first air nozzle (200) may have a passage through which the first combustion air can flow. The first air nozzle (200) may be provided in the form of a tube extending through the ammonia burner (10). The first air nozzle (200) may be fluidly connected to a combustion air manifold that distributes the flow rate of the first combustion air supplied to the ammonia burner (10). The first air nozzle (200) may be fluidly connected to an external first combustion air supply device (e.g., a blower, a compressor, etc.).

[0057] The plasma device (300) may be configured to be positioned further outward from the central axis (C) than the first fuel nozzle (100) and to provide a second fuel derived from ammonia. In this way, additional heat can be secured by providing the second fuel derived from ammonia. In particular, by providing the second fuel further outward than the first fuel, a flame can be formed uniformly. According to exemplary embodiments, the second fuel is a fuel formed by injecting liquid ammonia into a plasma field. That is, the plasma device (300) can provide liquid ammonia by activating it to a high-energy state using plasma. As a result, a flame can be formed stably.

[0058] The plasma device (300) may be positioned outside the first fuel nozzle (100). The distance from the central axis (C) to the plasma device (300) may be longer than the distance from the central axis (C) to the first fuel nozzle (100).

[0059] Optionally, according to exemplary embodiments, the plasma device (300) of the ammonia burner (10-1) may be positioned further outward from the central axis (C) than the first air nozzle (200). That is, the distance from the central axis (C) to the plasma device (300) may be longer than the distance from the central axis (C) to the first air nozzle (200). This allows for a reduction in the amount of nitrogen oxides generated during the combustion process.

[0060] Optionally, according to exemplary embodiments, the plasma device (300) of the ammonia burner (10-2) may be positioned further inward from the central axis (C) than the first air nozzle (200). That is, the distance from the central axis (C) to the plasma device (300) may be shorter than the distance from the central axis (C) to the first air nozzle (200). This allows for further improvement in flame stability.

[0061] The plasma device (300) may include a main body (310), a first electrode (320), and a second electrode (330).

[0062] In the following, the direction parallel to the central axis (C) of the ammonia burner (10) is defined as the X direction, and the directions perpendicular to the central axis (C) of the ammonia burner (10) are defined as the Y direction and the Z direction. The X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction may be substantially perpendicular to each other. The X direction may be referred to as the first direction. The Z direction may be referred to as the second direction. The Y direction may be referred to as the third direction.

[0063] The main body (310) extends in the X direction parallel to the central axis (C) and has an internal space (S). The shape of the main body (310) is not particularly limited as long as it can provide an internal space (S) capable of accommodating the first electrode (320). As one example, the main body (310) may be provided in the form of a tube inserted into the ammonia burner (10). As another example, the main body (310) may be a through hole provided in the ammonia burner (10). In this case, the plasma device (300) can be easily applied to the ammonia burner (10) by installing the first electrode (320) and the second electrode (330) below into the through hole formed in the existing ammonia burner.

[0064] The main body (310) includes a tip discharge port (311) into which the second fuel is injected. The tip discharge port (311) is an area where liquid ammonia is activated by plasma to form the second fuel, and can surround the second electrode (330). Additionally, it can surround at least a portion of the tip discharge port (311) side end (320E1) of the first electrode (320).

[0065] A predetermined carrier gas may be flowed into the internal space (S) to form plasma and move it to the flame generation space of the burner. As an example, the carrier gas may be argon, nitrogen, oxygen, helium, or a mixture thereof. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and liquid ammonia injected into the internal space (S) may contribute to forming plasma and perform the function of a carrier gas.

[0066] The first electrode (320) is an electrode to which voltage is applied and which is placed in the internal space (S). The first electrode (320) is configured to spray liquid ammonia into the internal space.

[0067] The first electrode (320) may extend in the X direction in the internal space (S). The first electrode (320) may be arranged coaxially with the main body (310).

[0068] The first electrode (320) may be electrically connected to a power supply that applies voltage. The first electrode (320) may be made of an electrically conductive material. The material of the first electrode (320) is not particularly limited as long as it is an electrically conductive material, but as a non-limiting example, it may be one or more of stainless steel, nickel alloy steel, copper, tungsten alloy steel, tungsten, molybdenum, graphite, silicon carbide, and alloy materials thereof.

[0069] The first electrode (320) may include a channel through which liquid ammonia can flow. The first electrode (320) may be fluidically connected to an external liquid ammonia storage device.

[0070] The first electrode (320) may include at least one ammonia nozzle (321) for spraying liquid ammonia. The ammonia nozzle (321) may be positioned adjacent to the end (320E1) of the first electrode (320) on the side of the tip discharge port (311). The liquid ammonia may be sprayed in the form of fine droplets. Fine liquid ammonia may be activated by plasma to provide a second fuel. In this way, by directly spraying liquid ammonia, nitrogen oxides that may be generated during the combustion process can be reduced compared to when gaseous ammonia is used. By using liquid ammonia in a relatively low-energy state, the flame can be maintained stably. Additionally, some of the liquid ammonia may vaporize and contribute to generating or maintaining the plasma.

[0071] According to exemplary embodiments, the end (320E1) of the first electrode (320) on the front discharge port (311) side of the main body (310) may have a tapered structure in which the cross-sectional area decreases toward the front discharge port (311). As a result, the flow of liquid ammonia sprayed into the internal space can be guided, and electrical energy can be more effectively transferred to the second electrode (330) to stably form a plasma.

[0072] According to exemplary embodiments, the first electrode (320) may further include a first insulator (I) that surrounds the end (320E1) of the leading discharge port (311) of the main body (310). As a result, damage to the first electrode (320) can be minimized even when exposed to a high-energy plasma environment.

[0073] The material of the first insulator (I) is not particularly limited as long as it includes an insulating material, but may include any one of metal oxide-based ceramics, carbide-based ceramics, nitride-based ceramics, glass-based ceramics, and composite ceramics thereof.

[0074] Liquid ammonia can be sprayed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the X direction. Liquid ammonia can be sprayed in the Y and Z directions.

[0075] The second electrode (330) is positioned on the side of the tip discharge port (311) of the main body (310) and can be spaced apart from the first electrode (320) in the X direction so that plasma is generated between it and the first electrode (320). As a result, when voltage is applied to the first electrode (320), an electric field can be formed between the end (320E1) of the first electrode (320) on the side of the tip discharge port (311) and the second electrode (330). Due to the energy of this electric field, a chain reaction of ionization of gases occurs and plasma can be formed. The second electrode (330) can be electrically connected to the ground electrode of the power supply device that applies voltage.

[0076] The second electrode (330) and the first electrode (320) may substantially overlap in the X direction. The second electrode (330) and the first electrode (320) may not substantially overlap in the Y direction. The second electrode (330) and the first electrode (320) may not substantially overlap in the Z direction. The second electrode (330) may be arranged coaxially with the first electrode (320).

[0077] The second electrode (330) may have a hollow center to allow fluid behavior of the second fuel.

[0078] (Example 2)

[0079] FIG. 4 is a drawing for illustrating an ammonia burner (20) according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0080] Referring to FIG. 4, the tip discharge port (311-2) of the main body (310-2) may include a stepped portion (P) having a diameter larger than the diameter of the internal space (S). As a result, the stability of the flame can be increased by effectively forming plasma.

[0081] The stepped portion (P) may include a stepped surface (P1) extended in the Z direction and a horizontal surface (P2) extended in the X direction. The stepped surface (P1) and the horizontal surface (P2) may be continuously connected. The horizontal surface (P2) may extend from the stepped surface (P1) in the X direction. The horizontal surface (P2) may be in contact with the second electrode (330).

[0082] According to exemplary embodiments, the stepped surface (P1) has a first length (L1) in the Z direction, and the horizontal surface (P2) has a second length (L2), and the ratio (L2 / L1) of the first length (L1) to the second length (L2) may be 1 to 4. This allows for more stable plasma to be provided around the flame formed in the ammonia burner (20). If the ratio (L2 / L1) of the first length (L1) to the second length (L2) is less than 1, it may be difficult to secure sufficient space for plasma formation. If the ratio (L2 / L1) of the first length (L1) to the second length (L2) exceeds 4, the plasma becomes unstable and may be lost. Additionally, damage to the horizontal surface (P2) may occur. Therefore, more preferably in terms of stable plasma formation, the ratio (L2) of the first length (L1) to the second length (L2) may be 1 to 3.

[0083] In addition, the configuration that overlaps with the ammonia burner (10, 10-1, 10-2) according to Example 1 can be applied in the same way to the ammonia burner (20) according to this embodiment, so a detailed description is omitted.

[0084]

[0085] *(Example 3)

[0086] FIG. 5 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner (30) according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0087] Referring to FIG. 5, the plasma device (300) and the first air nozzle (200) are provided in multiple numbers, and the plasma devices (300) and the first air nozzle (200) can be arranged circumferentially at equal distances from the central axis (C).

[0088] According to exemplary embodiments, each plasma device (300) and the first air nozzle (200) may be arranged alternately with each other. As a result, the second fuel can be mixed more efficiently with the first combustion air and a flame can be formed stably.

[0089] According to exemplary embodiments, a plurality of plasma devices (300) may be arranged such that the distance (D1) from the nearest first air nozzle (200) is closer than the distance (D2) from the nearest other plasma device (300). That is, the plurality of plasma devices (300) may be spaced apart from each other at a predetermined distance. This prevents the second fuel from being locally concentrated and sprayed unevenly, and allows for the efficient mixing with the first combustion air to stably form a flame.

[0090] In addition, configurations that overlap with the ammonia burners (10, 10-1, 10-2, 20) according to the above-described embodiments can be similarly applied to the ammonia burner (30) according to the present embodiment, so a detailed description is omitted.

[0091] (Example 4)

[0092] FIG. 6 is a drawing for illustrating an ammonia burner (40) according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0093] Referring to FIG. 6, the plasma device (300-4) can be configured to supply a second combustion air to the internal space (S). In this way, by pre-mixing the second fuel with the combustion air and injecting it, a flame can be formed more stably.

[0094] The plasma device (300-4) can be fluidically connected to a second combustion air supply device. The plasma device (300-4) can be fluidly connected to a combustion air supply manifold. The combustion air supply manifold can receive air from the outside and distribute combustion air to the first air nozzle (200) and the plasma device (300-4).

[0095] In the plasma device (300-4), the flow paths of liquid ammonia and second combustion air can be separated by the first electrode (320). Liquid ammonia can flow within the first electrode (320). Second combustion air can flow in the internal space (S) between the first electrode (320) and the main body (310). Liquid ammonia can flow independently of the second combustion air until it is injected from the first electrode (320).

[0096] According to exemplary embodiments, the plasma device (300-4) may further include a swirler (340) configured to form a swirling flow of the second combustion air. This allows for better flow of the second combustion air and enables proper mixing of the injected liquid ammonia and the second combustion air. The swirler (340) may be positioned upstream of the point where the liquid ammonia is injected, with respect to the flow direction of the second combustion air. The swirler (340) may be interposed between the first electrode (320) and the main body (310). The swirler (340) is not particularly limited as long as it allows fluid movement of the second combustion air and can form a swirling flow. As a non-limiting example, the swirler (340) may be a swirler.

[0097] According to exemplary embodiments, the equivalence ratio of the second combustion air and liquid ammonia may be 1.2 or higher. If the equivalence ratio is less than 1.2, the NOx emission may increase rapidly and then decrease, but flame stability may be reduced due to a lack of fuel compared to the supplied combustion air. Therefore, the equivalence ratio can be controlled to 1.2 or higher. More specifically, the equivalence ratio may be 1.1 to 1.4.

[0098] In addition, configurations that overlap with the ammonia burners (10, 10-1, 10-2, 20, 30) according to the above-described embodiments can be similarly applied to the ammonia burner (40) according to the present embodiment, so a detailed description is omitted.

[0099] (Example 5)

[0100] FIG. 7 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner (50) according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 7, the ammonia burner (50) may further include a pilot burner (400) and a second fuel nozzle (500).

[0102] The pilot burner (400) can be positioned on the central axis (C). The pilot burner (400) can be positioned coaxially with the ammonia burner (50). The pilot burner (400) can contribute to stably forming an initial flame and can contribute to stably maintaining the flame by maintaining a continuous ignition state.

[0103] According to exemplary embodiments, the first fuel nozzle (100) may be provided in multiple numbers along the circumferential direction of the pilot burner (400). As a result, the first fuel can be effectively ignited using the auxiliary flame formed by the pilot burner (400), and the flame can be formed stably. Additionally, the flame can be expanded in size by spraying the first fuel over a wider range.

[0104] The second fuel nozzle (500) may be positioned between the first air nozzle (100) and the plasma device (300) from the central axis (C) and configured to inject the first fuel. That is, when comparing the distances from the central axis (C) to the first air nozzle (100), the plasma device (300), and the second fuel nozzle (500), the distance to the second fuel nozzle (500) may be between the distance to the first air nozzle (100) and the distance to the plasma device (300). This allows for a more uniform flame to be formed. At this time, it is not particularly limited which of the first air nozzle (100) and the plasma device (300) is positioned relatively further outward.

[0105] In addition, configurations that overlap with the ammonia burners (10, 10-1, 10-2, 20, 30, 40) according to the above-described embodiments can be similarly applied to the ammonia burner (50) according to the present embodiment, so a detailed description is omitted.

[0106] (Example 6)

[0107] FIG. 8 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner (60) according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 8, the ammonia burner (60) may further include a second air nozzle (600) configured to surround the first fuel nozzle (100) and inject first combustion air. This allows the combustion reaction of the first fuel to be carried out more efficiently, thereby forming a flame more stably.

[0109] The second air nozzle (600) may have a passage through which the first combustion air can flow. The second air nozzle (600) may be provided in the form of a tube extending through the ammonia burner (60). The second air nozzle (600) may be fluidly connected to a combustion air manifold that distributes the flow rate of the first combustion air supplied to the ammonia burner (60). The second air nozzle (600) may be fluidly connected to a first combustion air supply device (e.g., a blower, a compressor, etc.) outside the second air nozzle (600).

[0110] A first fuel nozzle (100) may be disposed inside a second air nozzle (600). As one example, the second air nozzle (600) and the first fuel nozzle (100) may be disposed coaxially. As another example, the first fuel nozzle (100) may be disposed in multiple numbers inside the second air nozzle (600). Although only an example of coaxial arrangement is shown in FIG. 8 for convenience of illustration, a person skilled in the art will also understand a structure in which multiple first fuel nozzles (100) are disposed inside the second air nozzle (600).

[0111] In addition, configurations that overlap with the ammonia burners (10, 10-1, 10-2, 20, 30, 40, 50) according to the above-described embodiments can be similarly applied to the ammonia burner (60) according to the present embodiment, so a detailed description is omitted.

[0112] (Example 7)

[0113] FIG. 9 is a drawing for illustrating an ammonia burner (70) according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0114] FIG. 10 is a front view illustrating an ammonia burner (70) according to other exemplary embodiments.

[0115] Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, the plasma device (300-7) may further include a second insulator (350) inserted into the second electrode (330) and positioned at the tip discharge port (311) of the main body (310). During the plasma formation process, the second insulator (350) prevents electrons from directly reaching another electrode, thereby preventing excessive movement of electrons. As a result, the discharge occurs only in a short and localized area, making it possible to form a stable and uniform plasma. Additionally, electrons collide with the second insulator (350), and charges may accumulate on the surface of the second insulator (350). In this case, the plasma can be extinguished by applying the electric field formed between the second electrode (320) and the second electrode (330) in the opposite direction, making it easier to control the plasma.

[0116] The material of the second insulator (350) is not particularly limited as long as it includes an insulating material, but may include any one of metal oxide-based ceramics, carbide-based ceramics, nitride-based ceramics, glass-based ceramics, and composite ceramics thereof.

[0117] According to exemplary embodiments, the ammonia burner (70) may use a plasma device (300-7A) including a second insulator (350) and a plasma device (300-7B) not including a second insulator (350). Hereinafter, the plasma device (300-7A) is referred to as the first plasma device (300-7A). The plasma device (300-7B) is referred to as the second plasma device (300-7B). As described above, the first plasma device (300-7A) enables stable and uniform plasma formation, but the current is limited by the second insulator (350), and the plasma density may be low. In contrast, the second plasma device (300-7B) can provide high-density plasma, but requires high energy to form and maintain the plasma. Therefore, by using the first plasma device (300-7A) and the second plasma device (300-7B) together, the density and stability of the plasma can be optimized.

[0118] The first plasma device (300-7A) and the second plasma device (300-7B) may be connected to different power supplies. According to exemplary embodiments, a higher voltage may be applied to the first plasma device (300-7A) than to the second plasma device (300-7B).

[0119] According to exemplary embodiments, the first plasma device (300-7A) and the second plasma device (300-7B) may be arranged in a circular shape and may be arranged alternately with each other. This allows for further improvement in plasma density and stability.

[0120] In addition, configurations that overlap with the ammonia burners (10, 10-1, 10-2, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) according to the above-described embodiments can be similarly applied to the ammonia burner (70) according to the present embodiment, so a detailed description is omitted.

[0121] Although the invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the following claims.

[0122] [Explanation of the symbol]

[0123] 10,20,30,40,50,60,70: Ammonia burner

[0124] 100: 1st fuel nozzle

[0125] 200: 1st air nozzle

[0126] 300: Plasma device

[0127] 310: Main body

[0128] 311: Tip discharge port

[0129] 320: First electrode

[0130] 330: Second electrode

Claims

1. A first fuel nozzle configured to inject a first fuel; A first air nozzle positioned further outward from the central axis than the first fuel nozzle and configured to inject first combustion air; and A plasma device comprising a first fuel nozzle positioned outside the central axis and configured to provide a second fuel derived from ammonia, The above plasma device is, A main body extending in a first direction parallel to the central axis and having an internal space; A first electrode disposed in the internal space and configured to spray liquid ammonia into the internal space, as an electrode to which voltage is applied; and An ammonia burner comprising a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode in the first direction, disposed at the front discharge port side of the main body, and configured to generate plasma between the first electrode and the second electrode.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above plasma device is an ammonia burner positioned outside the first air nozzle from the central axis.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above plasma device is an ammonia burner positioned inward from the central axis than the first air nozzle.

4. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned tip discharge port includes a stepped portion having a diameter larger than the diameter of the internal space, and The above step portion is, A stepped surface having a first length extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; and It includes a horizontal plane having a second length that extends in the first direction from the stepped surface, An ammonia burner in which the ratio (L2 / L1) of the first length (L1) and the second length (L2) is 1 to 4.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above plasma device and the above first air nozzle are provided in multiple numbers, and An ammonia burner in which the above plasma devices and the above first air nozzles are arranged circumferentially at equal distances from a central axis, and each plasma device and the first air nozzle are arranged alternately.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above plasma device and the above first air nozzle are provided in multiple numbers, and The above plasma devices are ammonia burners arranged such that the distance to the nearest first air nozzle is closer than the distance to the nearest other plasma device.

7. In Paragraph 1, The above plasma device is an ammonia burner configured to supply a second combustion air to the internal space.

8. In Paragraph 7, The above plasma device is, An ammonia burner further comprising a swirler configured to form a swirling flow of the second combustion air.

9. In Paragraph 7, An ammonia burner in which the equivalent ratio of the second combustion air and the liquid ammonia is 1.2 or higher.

10. In Paragraph 1, An ammonia burner further comprising a pilot burner positioned on the above central axis.

11. In Paragraph 10, The above first fuel nozzle is an ammonia burner provided in plurality along the circumferential direction of the pilot burner.

12. In Paragraph 1, An ammonia burner further comprising a second fuel nozzle disposed between the first air nozzle and the plasma device from the above central axis and configured to inject the first fuel.

13. In Paragraph 1, An ammonia burner further comprising a second air nozzle configured to surround the first fuel nozzle and inject the first combustion air.

14. In Paragraph 1, The above plasma device is, An ammonia burner further comprising a first insulator disposed at the front discharge port side of the main body and inserted into the second electrode.

15. In Paragraph 1, The above plasma device is, An ammonia burner comprising a first plasma device disposed at the tip discharge port side of the main body and including a first insulator inserted into the second electrode, and a second plasma device not including the first insulator.

16. In Paragraph 15, An ammonia burner to which a higher voltage than that of the second plasma device is applied to the first plasma device.

17. In Paragraph 1, The first fuel above is an ammonia burner, which is a process tail gas derived from a hydrogen purification process.

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