Communication method, communication apparatus and communication system
The communication method and apparatus optimize energy efficiency by providing targeted parameters for synchronization signal detection during state transitions, enhancing detection success rates and reducing energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-02
Smart Images

Figure CN2025086126_02072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD, COMMUNICATION APPARATUS AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to PCT patent application No. PCT / CN2024 / 142149 filed on December 25, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communication technologies and, in particular, to a communication method, communication apparatus and communication system.BACKGROUND
[0003] While the recent history of wireless communication systems has provided improvements in energy efficiency of elements in such wireless communication systems, multiple energy saving techniques for a gNodeB (gNB) (also referred to generally as a base station (BS) and / or a transmission and reception point (TRP) ) and a UE may be utilized in a radio access network (RAN) .SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide communication methods, communication apparatus and communication system used to configure energy saving tasks.
[0005] According to a first aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a terminal side, for example, a terminal or a module in a terminal, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core that is responsible for a communication function in a terminal) . In an implementation, the method is applied to an electronic device (ED) . The method includes: receiving first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; and receiving second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, where the second information indicates parameters for an electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.
[0006] According to this method, the first information may indicate the ED that the state transition of the network node between different states or power modes, so that the ED may know a time interval during which the second information is to be detected, based on the first information, and may detect and receive the second information during this time interval. The second information may indicate communication parameters between the ED and the network node. Therefore, this method may improve the success rate of the ED detecting the second information. Further, the ED may not need to perform detection during other time intervals, so the energy consumption of the ED may also be reduced.
[0007] In a possible design, the method further includes: detecting the second information within the time interval that is based on the first information.
[0008] In a possible design, the second information includes at least one of: one or more parameters indicating one or more raster frequencies of a synchronization signal block; a carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes; a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit; an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs; or beam direction information.
[0009] According to this design, the second information may include one or more parameters to assist the ED to communicate with the network node at the active state. One or more parameters indicating one or more raster frequencies of a synchronization signal block, a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit, an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs, or beam direction information may help to narrow the range for ED to detect SSB, and the carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes may help reduce the measurement and calculations that ED needs to perform. With such information, the ED may quickly detect an SSB with low energy as the ED may not need to search for SSB among multiple raster frequencies. Therefore, it would be beneficial to provide the ED with some configuration and methods that help the ED detect the second information from a TRP during or after the TT. Therefore, by indicating at least one of the above parameters, the second information may help ED to save energy.
[0010] In a possible design, in a case where the electronic device is in an idle mode, the method further includes: performing an initial access to the network node based on the second information.
[0011] According to this design, the ED in an idle mode may detect and receive the SSB at a smaller range based on the parameters included in the second information, such as the raster frequency of the SSB, and then the ED may perform an initial access to the network node. Thus, the second information may help the ED save energy and quickly connect and / or transmit data to the activated TRP.
[0012] In a possible design, in a case where the electronic device is in an inactive mode or a connected mode, the method further includes: performing uplink transmission with the network node based on the second information.
[0013] According to this design, the ED in an inactive mode or connected mode may directly obtain uplink transmission related parameters based on the second information, such as carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes, and thus perform uplink transmission without additional calculations and measurements to obtain these parameters (such as carrier frequency offset) . Therefore, the energy consumption of the ED to uplink transmission may be reduced, and the efficiency of the ED in uplink transmission may also be improved.
[0014] In a possible design, the method further includes: receiving third information indicating the transition time of the state transition of the network node.
[0015] In this design, the ED may know the transition time of the network node by receiving the third information. The ED may determine the time interval for detecting the second information based on a start time of a TT indicated in the first information, and the TT of the network node indicated in the third information, thus helping save the energy consumption of the ED. Further, the third information may also indicate the sleep state of the network node and / or whether the network node is performing a state transition, which may help the ED to more accurately determine the time interval for detecting the second information.
[0016] In a possible design, the method further includes: receiving fourth information for configuring at least one of: time resources of the second information or frequency resources of the second information.
[0017] In this design, the fourth information indicates at least one of the time resources or frequency resources of the second information, and the ED may determine the time resources or frequency resources to detect SSB based on the fourth information. Further, the ED may not detect the second information on other time domain or frequency domain resources, and thus the energy consumption of the ED may be saved.
[0018] According to a second aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied to a network side, for example, a network node or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a network node. For example, the method is applied to a network node. The method includes: transmitting first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; and transmitting second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, where the second information indicates parameters for an electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.
[0019] In a possible design, the second information includes at least one of: one or more parameters indicating one or more raster frequencies of a synchronization signal block; a carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes; a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit; an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs; or beam direction information.
[0020] In a possible design, in a case where the electronic device is in an inactive mode or a connected mode, the method includes: performing uplink transmission with the electronic device based on the second information.
[0021] In a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting third information indicating a transition time of the state transition of the network node.
[0022] In a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting fourth information for configuring at least one of: time resources of the second information or frequency resources of the second information.
[0023] According to a third aspect, an apparatus is described. The apparatus has a function of implementing any possible design or implementation of the first aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0024] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is described. The apparatus has a function of implementing any possible design or implementation of the second aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0025] According to a fifth aspect, another apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors are configured to execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0026] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the one or more processors are configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0027] According to a sixth aspect, another apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors are configured to execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0028] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the one or more processors are configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0029] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described, including a first communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0030] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect or the second aspect.
[0031] According to a ninth aspect, a computer program product is described. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect or the second aspect.
[0032] This disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in accordance with some embodiments;
[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system in accordance with some embodiments;
[0036] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus within a communication system in accordance with some embodiments;
[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments;
[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments;
[0039] FIG. 6A illustrates another example communication system in accordance with some embodiments;
[0040] FIG. 6B illustrates yet another example communication system in accordance with some embodiments;
[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method in accordance with some embodiments;
[0042] FIG. 8 illustrates an example time interval in accordance with some embodiments;
[0043] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of another communication method in accordance with some embodiments; and
[0044] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a communication system executing the communication method in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] The solutions described in this disclosure are applicable to a wide range of communication networks, such as a future network, or a legacy (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) network. The solutions may also be implemented in Wi-Fi, non-terrestrial network (NTN) , cloud and edge computing service, sensing services, or distributed or self-organized networks. In an example, the solutions may be applied to automated manufacturing systems in smart factories. In another example, the solutions may be applied to other intelligent vertical scenarios such as ports, delivery systems and medical systems.
[0046] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but are not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and includes network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0047] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0048] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth detecting, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0049] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network including multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used intertransitably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and intertransitable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0051] In this disclosure, transmission and reception point and transmit and receive point refer to the same concept and can be used interchangeably, and TRP in this disclosure can refer to transmission and reception point or transmit and receive point.
[0052] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as a quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet the network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0053] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0054] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0055] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either frequency division duplex (FDD) or time division duplex (TDD) mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0056] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the FIGS. 1 to 2, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, or the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0057] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "transmitting (or transmitting) information to (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, transmitting / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that transmits the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0058] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0059] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the foregoing devices, among other possibilities. Future EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0060] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0061] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0062] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be transmitted and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0063] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0064] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0065] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or more transceivers necessary to support such technologies and / or functions.
[0066] In addition, the communication system 100 may include a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0067] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the FIG. 3, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0068] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0069] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0070] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0071] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0072] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0073] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0074] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0075] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore can also be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0076] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is transmitted by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0077] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0078] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0079] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0080] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0081] Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology allows an antenna array of multiple antennas to perform signal transmissions and receptions to meet high transmission rate requirements. The ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP may use MIMO to communicate using wireless resource blocks. MIMO utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitter to transmit wireless resource blocks over parallel wireless signals. It follows that multiple antennas may be utilized at the receiver. MIMO may beamform parallel wireless signals for reliable multipath transmission of a wireless resource block. MIMO may involve parallel wireless signals that transport different data to increase the data rate of the wireless resource block.
[0082] In recent years, possibility of using MIMO (e.g., large-scale MIMO) wireless communication systems with the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 configured with a large number of antennas has gained wide attention from academia and industry. In such a large-scale MIMO system, the T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally configured with more than ten antenna units (see antennas 256 and antennas 204 in FIG. 3) . The T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally operable to serve dozens (which may be, but is not limited to) of EDs 110. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 may greatly increase the degree of spatial freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve the transmission rate, spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and, to a large extent, reduce interference between cells. The increase of the number of antennas allows for each antenna unit to be made in a smaller size with a lower cost. Using the degree of spatial freedom provided by the large-scale antenna units, the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 of each cell may communicate with many EDs 110 in the cell on the same time-frequency resource at the same time, thus greatly increasing the spectral efficiency. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 may also enable each user to have better spatial directivity for uplink and downlink transmission, so that the transmitting power of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 and an ED 110 may be reduced and the power efficiency is correspondingly increased. When the antenna number of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 is sufficiently large, random channels between each ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 may approach orthogonality such that interference between cells and users and the effect of noise may be reduced. The plurality of advantages described hereinbefore enable large-scale MIMO to have valuable application prospects.
[0083] A MIMO system may include a receiver connected to a receive (Rx) antenna, a transmitter connected to a transmit (Tx) antenna and a signal processor connected to the transmitter and the receiver. Each of the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna may include a plurality of antennas. For instance, the Rx antenna may have a uniform linear array (ULA) antenna, in which the plurality of antennas are arranged in line at even intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna, the Rx antenna may receive a signal reflected and returned from a forward target.
[0084] A non-exhaustive list of possible units, or possible configurable parameters, or in some embodiments of a MIMO system, include a panel and a beam.
[0085] A panel is a unit of an antenna group, or antenna array, or antenna sub-array, which unit may control a Tx beam or a Rx beam independently.
[0086] A beam may be formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received by at least one antenna port. A beam may be formed by using another method, for example, adjusting a related parameter of an antenna unit. The beam may include a Tx beam and / or a Rx beam. The transmit beam indicates distribution of signal strength formed in different directions in space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna. The receive beam indicates distribution of signal strength that is of a wireless signal received from an antenna and that is in different directions in space. Beam information may include a beam identifier, or an antenna port (s) identifier, or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, or a synchronization signal block (SSB) resource identifier, or a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifier.
[0087] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media / medium access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0088] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0089] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0090] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or a reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of the baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0091] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of the circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0092] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. In some embodiments, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0093] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0094] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0095] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0096] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0097] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0098] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0099] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0100] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0101] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-transit memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magneto-resistive random access memory (magneto-resistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of the corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0102] FIG. 6A illustrates a communication system 600 to which some implementations of the present disclosure may be applicable. Referring to FIG. 6A, the communication system 600 includes a sleep TRP 602, and one or more user equipment (UEs) (e.g., the UE 604) . In some implementations, the sleep TRP 602 may be positioned within a hyper-cell that includes other active and / or sleep TRPs (e.g., TRP 606) , which is illustrated in FIG. 6B.
[0103] A single hyper-cell may include one or more TRPs, and the number of TRPs may be flexibly configured, i.e., a hyper-cell can be defined as a cell with multiple TRPs. The hyper-cell may also be referred to by other names, and the alleged name in this disclosure is only an example and is not intended to be limiting. In the hyper-cell, no explicit TRP ID is configured and all TRPs share the same cell ID (e.g., Physical Cell ID (PCID) ) . TRPs in a hyper-cell can be transparent to UEs, i.e., UEs in a hyper-cell may be unaware of specific TRPs and the number of TRPs. The UE detects that the UE accesses the hyper-cell instead of the TRP. Although an example hyper-cell is illustrated and discussed in FIG. 6B, this is only illustrative and is not intended to be limiting. In other examples, the configuration of the hyper-cell in FIG. 6B may be any other suitable hyper-cell network, and the number of TRPs (e.g., the number of sleep and active TRPs) may be flexibly configured.
[0104] In some examples, the hyper-cell may be a portion of a radio access network-based notification area (RNA) . The RNA refers to an area that includes a cell or a group of cells in a wireless communications network. When an apparatus (e.g., the UE) moves within a certain RNA, paging messages may be transmitted to ensure that connectivity of the apparatus remains uninterrupted. The paging messages may be transmitted to every cell within the defined RNA. In some examples, whenever a particular apparatus moves out of the RNA, the apparatus may need to report its location to a network node (e.g., BS) operating within the RNA. In another example, when the UE moves towards or detects signals (e.g. SSB) from a network node (e.g. BS) that is not part of the RNA, the UE may trigger RNA update procedure by the sending RNA update request to that network node.
[0105] The above content introduces some communication systems and devices to which the embodiments of this disclosure are applicable, and then the relevant concepts involved in this disclosure are introduced below.
[0106] In the current 5G standard, different sleep types (or states) were utilized by network nodes as valuable techniques for network energy saving. The network node may include, but is not limited to: a base station, a TRP, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a device on the network side. For simplicity, the following text uses a TRP as a network node as an example.
[0107] A TRP utilizing energy saving techniques may be referred to as an energy saving TRP (ES TRP) . In some examples, the ES TRP may also be referred to as a sleep TRP, and these two terms may be used interchangeably herein. Examples of the sleep types include, but are not limited to, deep, light and micro sleep types. A TRP in a deep sleep state may consume lower power compared to being in a light or micro sleep state. However, a TRP may need longer time to transition from a deep sleep state to an active state compared to transitioning from a light sleep state to an active state. The active state may include, but not limited to, active DL state and active UP state. In addition, the active state be understood as when a TRP in active state, the TRP may be capable of performing actions such as, but not limited to, performing UL / DL transmissions and transmitting signals over a main radio. The time a TRP need to transition from a sleep state to an active state may be defined as the transition time (TT) . Such TT may be in a range of hundreds of milliseconds (ms) or few seconds (s) depending on the sleep type and TRP category. In some implementations, the TRP category may indicate or may be related to the implementation capability of a TRP. Put another way, the TT depending on the TRP category may be understood as the TT of a TRP may be determined based on the implementation capability of the TRP. For example, a TRP with more advanced hardware components may have shorter TT than a TRP with less advanced hardware component.
[0108] The sleep TRP may include low power (LP) radio to transmit / receive signals. Compared to the main radio, LP radio has limited processing power and capability in which most of the operations are performed in the radio frequency (RF) analog domain with the possibility of limited baseband processing. Hence, a sleep TRP may have low coverage due to low power and limited beamforming gain (not using all antennas) . Moreover, a sleep TRP may receive an UL Wake-up Signal (WUS) and / or may transmit some signals (e.g., paging, simplified SSBs (e.g., SSB bursts over long periods and / or system information block (SIB) less SSBs) ) . These examples are only illustrative and are not intended to be limiting. When the TRP transits from the sleep state to the active state, the TRP may perform operations such as initial access and UL transmission with the UE.
[0109] A UE may have different types of states (modes) , such as RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_CONNECTED and RRC_IDLE. The UE may refer to any ED described in FIGs. 1 to 5. In 5G, RRC_INACTIVE state was proposed as a new state for a UE in addition to RRC_CONNECTED state and RRC_IDLE state for use in wireless communication systems. The RRC_INACTIVE state has been employed to save power of apparatuses (e.g., user device, user equipment (UE) ) , reduce overhead signaling (e.g., for transitioning between idle and connected states) , and / or minimize latency for small data transmission (SDT) . When there is no traffic, the UE may stay in the RRC_INACTIVE state without completely releasing an established RRC connection with a BS. In the RRC_INACTIVE state, the resource control is maintained at the UE and a last αserving network node. Moreover, the last serving network node keeps the UE-associated connection with a core network (e.g., next generation (NG) configured with AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) and UPF (User Plane Function) ) . Hence, whenever needed, the UE may quickly transition from the RRC_INACTIVE state to RRC_CONNECTED state.
[0110] The term “state” and “mode” may refer to the same concept and are used interchangeably in this disclosure.
[0111] When there is no traffic (or low data activity (transmission / reception) over a certain duration of time) , the UE may transition from the RRC_CONNECTED state to the RRC_INACTIVE state. In some examples, the UE may transmit via RRC signaling (e.g., UE assistance information) to a network device (e.g., a TRP) a signal to inform the network device that the UE prefers to transition to the RRC_INACTIVE state and to request configured grant (CG) configurations.
[0112] In the RRC_INACTIVE state, the UE may implement a procedure for small data transmission (SDT) and / or signaling over allowed radio bearers without transitioning to the RRC_CONNECTED state. The SDT may refer to a type of transmission with amount of data less than a specific amount (e.g., a preset number) . In some examples, the SDT may include random access based small data transmission (RA-SDT) and / or configured grant based small data transmission (CG-SDT) . With respect to the CG-SDT, the configured granted resources and scheduling are provided for the UE before transitioning from the RRC_CONNECTED state to the RRC_INACTIVE state.
[0113] It should be noted that RRC_INACTIVE state is only an example of an ES state for the UE and is not intended to be limiting. The ES states for the UE may include, but are not limited to, RRC_INACTIVE state and RRC_IDLE state.
[0114] Before transitioning from a connected state (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED) to an inactive state (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE) , an apparatus (e.g., a UE) may receive a radio resource control (RRC) message (e.g., an RRC release message) from a network node (e.g., a TRP) . The RRC message may be a message that triggers the apparatus to transition from a connected state to an inactive state. For example, the RRC message may be an RRC_Release message with suspendConfig parameters. The suspendConfig parameters in the RRC_Release message may configure an operation of the apparatus, which receives the RRC_Release message, during an inactive state (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE) , and may include parameters such as, but not limited to, an inactive radio network temporary identifier (I-RNTI) (e.g., full and / or short I-RNTI) and / or discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters (e.g., DRX cycle, and “ON” duration) , radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) , RNA update timer (e.g., t380 timer) .
[0115] In this way, the process of the TRP transitioning from the sleep state to the active state may last for a period of time, which may be called TT. When the TRP transitions to the active state, the UE may perform an initial access to the TRP or perform UL transmission to the TRP. However, the UE may not know the state of the TRP, so the UE may occasionally or continuously detect the SSBs to obtain parameters such as physical cell ID (PCID) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) from the SSBs, and perform an initial access to the TRP or perform UL transmission to the TRP based on these parameters. However, this manner may lead to large energy consumption of the UE.
[0116] In view of this, some embodiments of the present disclosure provides a communication method. According to this method, the TRP may transmit the first information to the UE to indicate that a state transition of the TRP between different states or power modes, so that the UE may know, based on the first information, a time interval to detect the second information. The UE may detect the second information during the time interval. The second information may indicate communication parameters between the UE and the TRP. By doing so, the method may improve the success rate of UE detecting the second information. Further, the UE may not need to perform detection in other time intervals, so the method may also help to reduce the energy consumption of the UE. The second information may also be referred to as assistance information and the two terms are used interchangeably in this disclosure. The names of the second information are only examples and are not intended to be limiting, and the second information may also be referred to as other names.
[0117] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications, and more specifically to a communication method, communication apparatus and communication system. Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods that help provide the assistance information to the UE.
[0118] FIG. 7 illustrates an example signaling flow diagram according to a communication method 700 of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7, the signaling flow diagram 700 depicts signaling exchanges among a network node and an ED in a communication system, such that the ED receives second information from the network node which is transitioning from the sleep state to the active state, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0119] The method 700 may be applied to any communication system, including but not limited to the communication system shown in FIG. 1, 2, 6A or 6B. The steps or actions performed by a network node in the method 700 may also be regarded to being performed by an apparatus (e.g., a circuit, chip, or a chip system) in or at the network node side. The steps or actions performed by an ED in the method 700 may also be regarded as being performed by an apparatus (e.g., a circuit, chip, or a chip system) in or at the ED side. The network node may be any network node (e.g., TRP) described in FIGS. 1 to 6B, and the ED may be any ED described in FIGS. 1 to 6B. As shown in FIG. 7, the method 700 may include steps 710 and 720.
[0120] In step 710, the network node transmits first information indicating that a state transition of the network node between different states or power modes. Correspondingly, the ED receives the first information.
[0121] The state transition of the network node between different states or power modes may be understood as the network node transitioning from any inactive state to an active state. The inactive state may include, but are not limited to: sleep state such as deep sleep state, light sleep state, micro sleep state, etc, as mentioned proviously.
[0122] The term “state” and “power mode” of a network node refer to the same concept and may be used interchangeably. Examples of the network node state or power modes are inactive state and active state.
[0123] The first information may be transmitted by the network node in a broadcast manner. The first information may be included in various signaling including but not limited to, SSB, paging, or LP signal.
[0124] In step 720, the network node transmits second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, where the second information indicates parameters for the ED to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node. Correspondingly, the ED receives the second information within the time interval that is based on the first information.
[0125] The second information may include at least one of the following parameters: one or more parameters indicating one or more raster frequencies of a synchronization signal block (SSB) ; a carrier frequency offset (CFO) of the network node between different states or power modes; a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit; an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs; or beam direction information.
[0126] In some examples, the one or more parameters indicating raster frequencies of the SSB, where the raster frequency of the SSB indicate the frequency domain position of to the SSB. The raster frequencies of the SSB may be understood as one or more raster frequencies corresponding to one or more SSBs. In some examples, one raster frequency may correspond to one SSB; in some other examples, one raster frequency may correspond to multiple SSBs.
[0127] The one or more parameters indicating raster frequency of the SSB may include one or more of the following: Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) , Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) , and operating band. The GSCN indicates a global number used to identify the position of the SSB in the frequency domain, which may be used to assist the ED in determining the raster frequencies to receive SSBs. The ARFCN may indicate a number that uniquely identifies a specific radio frequency channel and may also be used to assist the ED in determining the raster frequencies for receiving SSBs. The operating band may indicate a frequency range of the above-mentioned raster frequencies. It is understood that there may be one or more raster frequencies within each operating band, so indicating the operating band may help the ED to determine the frequency range of the raster frequencies that are used to receive the SSBs.
[0128] In some examples, the CFO of the network node between different states or power modes is explained below. A carrier frequency used by a network node to transmit signaling in a sleep state may have an offset from a carrier frequency used when the network node is at an active state. For example, a network node may transmit signaling using LP radio when at a sleep state, and transmit signaling using a main radio when at an active state. While the TRP transitions from sleep to active state, the main radio may turn on and the TRP may determine the CFO between LP and main radios. Therefore, after the ED is synchronized with the LP radio of the sleep network node, in order to correctly receive the signaling transmitted by the network node at the active state, the ED may need to perform some measurements based on some signals in the SSBs, to obtain the CFO with main power radio. Therefore, if the second information includes the CFO, the measurements and calculations for obtain the CFO may be omitted, and thus the energy consumption of the ED may be saved.
[0129] In some examples, the spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit may be understood as subcarrier spacing (SCS) between adjacent carriers in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols corresponding to the SSB. For example, the network node may transmit multiple SSBs of SCSs (such as 15 KHz, 30 KHz, etc. ) , and the ED may detect SSBs under multiple SCSs. Therefore, if the second information includes the spacing between adjacent frequency units in the time domain unit, the ED's detection range for SSBs may be narrowed, and thus the ED's energy consumption may be reduced.
[0130] In some examples, an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs is explained as follows. The ED may need to search among multiple PSS or multiple SSS signals in the SSB to determine the cell ID to which the network node belongs. For example, the cell may be a physical cell to which the network node belongs, and the identity of the cell may be physical cell ID (PCID) . Therefore, if the second information includes an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs, the search range of the ED among multiple PSS or multiple SSS signals may be reduced, and thus the ED's energy consumption may be reduced.
[0131] In some examples, the beam direction information may indicate a beam direction that the ED may use to communicate with a network node after the network node transitions to an active state. For example, the beam direction information may include beam angle information. Note that such beam direction information may be estimated by the network via different manners that may depend on different parameters including but not limited to: ED position, sensing information of one or more objects nearby the ED, and strength (e.g., reference signal receiving power (RSRP) ) of one or more reference signals received by the ED.
[0132] Without loss of generality, these examples of the second information are only illustrative and are not intended to be limiting.
[0133] According to the above embodiments, the second information includes at least one of the following parameters: one or more parameters indicating one or more raster frequencies of a synchronization signal block (SSB) ; a carrier frequency offset (CFO) of the network node between different states or power modes; a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit; an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs; or beam direction information. The one or more parameter may assist the ED to communicate with the network node at the active state. The one or more parameters indicating raster frequencies of a SSB, a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit, an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs, or beam direction information may help to narrow the range for the ED to detect SSBs, and the CFO of the network node between different states or power modes may help reduce the measurement and calculations that ED needs to perform. With such information, the ED may quickly detect an SSB with low energy as the ED may not need to search for SSB among multiple raster frequencies. Therefore, it would be beneficial to provide the ED with some configuration and methods that help the ED detect the second information from a TRP during or after the TT. Therefore, by indicating at least one of the above parameters, the second information may help ED to save energy.
[0134] The second information may be transmitted by the network node in a broadcast manner. The second information may be included in various signaling, including but not limited to SSBs, paging, or LP signal. In addition, the design of the second information indication in SSB, paging, LP signal and how to interpret the second information can either be standardized or communicated to the UE in the RRC_Release message.
[0135] The transmission of the second information within a time interval that is based on the first information may be understood as that the network node transmits the second information at any time during the time interval, and may not be understood as that the network node transmits the second information continuously throughout the time interval.
[0136] In some implementations, second information resources may be standardized or communicated to the ED in the RRC_release message. The second information resources may be understood as a time interval during which the second information is transmitted. In some embodiments, a start time of the time interval may be within the TT, and an end time of the time interval may be within the TT or after the TT.
[0137] In some embodiments, the time interval may be symmetrically centered on an end time of the TT, that is, a middle point of the time interval coincides with the end time of the TT. In these embodiments, the ED may determine the time interval that is based on the TT and a first parameter. The first parameter may be predefined or pre-configured, which is not limited herein.
[0138] Taking α representing the first parameter as an example, in some embodiments, α may indicate a ratio of the time interval to the TT, and α may be any value smaller than or equal to 1, such as α =5%. For example, the time interval during which the network node transmits the second information may be centered at the end of the TT, and may be defined as [-α*TT, α*TT] . In some other embodiments, α may indicate a length of time, and the time interval may include a period of a length αbefore the end time of the TT and a period of a length α after the end time of the TT, where α may be any value such as 2 ms. For example, the time interval may be defined as [-α, α] . In the above embodiments, the ED may first determine the end time of the TT based on the first information and the TT, and then determine the time interval that is based on the end time of the TT and the first parameter.
[0139] Taking the UE 604 and the TRP 602 in FIGS. 6A and 6B as an example, FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a time interval in a case where the UE 604 may expect to receive second information, where the grid area denotes the time interval during which the UE 604 may receive the second information. As shown in FIG. 8, when knowing that the TRP 602 starts transitioning from a sleep state to an active state, the UE 604 may understand the time interval (time resources) to expect second information from the TRP 602.
[0140] FIG. 8 only illustrates an example embodiment of the time interval, and in some other embodiments, the time interval may not be symmetrically centered on the end time of TT. For example, the time interval may start α1 before the end of TT, and may end α2 after the end of TT, where the α1 and α2 represents different lengths of time. For another example, the time interval may start within the TT and end within the TT. It is understood that the network node and the ED may determine the time interval according to pre-configured or pre-defined rules (e.g., first parameter) , so that the network node may transmit the second information during the time interval, and the ED may detect the second information during the time interval, so as to improve the transmission success rate of the second information.
[0141] Referring back to FIG. 7, the embodiments shown in FIG. 7 describe implementations of a network node that is performing state transition transmitting the first information and the second information. Therefore, in FIG. 7, the network node transmitting the first information and the network node transmitting the second information is a network node that the ED is about to initially access to or perform UL transmission with. In some other embodiments, the network node transmitting the first information and the network node transmitting the second information may be other network node (s) , such as but not limited to, network node (s) within a same network (e.g., cell, hyper-cell, or RNA) where the network node performs the state transition. In addition, the network node (s) that transmit the first and second information may be a same network node or different network nodes, which is not limited herein. Taking the communication system shown in FIG. 6B as an example, the TRP 602 is the network node performing state transition, and the TRP 606 is another network node in the hyper-cell. In some examples, the TRP 606 may transmit the first information and the second information. In some other examples, the TRP 606 may transmit the first information and the TRP 602 may transmit the second information.
[0142] According to the foregoing embodiments, the first information may indicate the ED that the state transition of the network node between different states or power modes, so that the ED may know a time interval during which the second information is detected, based on the first information, and may detect the second information during this time interval. The second information may indicate communication parameters between the ED and the network node. Therefore, the foregoing embodiments may improve the success rate of the ED detecting the second information. Further, the ED may not need to perform detection during other time intervals, so the energy consumption of the ED may also be reduced.
[0143] In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 7, after step 710, the method include step 730.
[0144] In step 730, the ED detects the second information within the time interval that is based on the first information.
[0145] At step 730, the ED may detect the second information to be transmitted by the network node in step 720. For example, if the first information indicates that the activation process has started, the ED may then know the TT and the duration the ED is expected to receive second information from the network node. Hence, during this time interval, the ED may start detecting signals from the network node to receive the second information.
[0146] In some embodiments, the ED may receive the second information before receiving the first information. For example, a sleep TRP may send (via a paging) the second information before the first information, and UE receiving the second information, may know the parameters in the second information can be used to detect the SSB from the TRP.
[0147] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, the communication method 700 may further include step 740, in which the network node transmits third information indicating a transition time (TT) of the state transition of the network node. Correspondingly, the ED receives the third information.
[0148] The third information may be included in various signaling including, but not limited to, SSBs, paging, LP signal. In some embodiments, the network node may periodically transmit the third information.
[0149] For example, the network node may indicate at least one of the following: a current sleep state of the network node, including but not limited to deep sleep, light sleep, or micro sleep, and whether a state transition of the network node has started. For example, the third information may indicate that the state transition of the network node has not started, the current sleep state of the network node is a deep sleep state and the corresponding TT is 400 ms.
[0150] In the above embodiments, the ED may know the transition time of the network node by receiving the third information. The ED may determine the time interval for detecting the second information based on a start time of the TT indicated in the first information, and the transition time of the network node indicated in the third information, thus helping save the energy consumption of the ED. Further, the third information may also indicate the sleep state of the network node and / or whether the network node is performing a state transition, which may help the ED to more accurately determine the time interval for detecting the second information.
[0151] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, the communication method 700 may further include step 750, in which the ED may transmit a wake up signal (WUS) .
[0152] In some embodiments, the ED may detect a signal transmitted by the network node and transmit WUS towards the direction of the received signal (i.e. transmit WUS that has quasi co-location type D (QCL-D) relation with the received signals from the network node) . In some embodiments, the network may receive the WUS, and then the network may decide whether to activate the network node. The network may be understood as an anchor TRP, central processor, central unit, or any entity in charge of network management in a network system where the network node is located. After receiving the WUS from the ED, the network may decide whether to activate the network node. If the network decides to activate the network node, the signals transmitted from the network node (e.g., SSBs, paging, LP signal) may indicate that the activation process has started and the remaining time of TT is reducing. Otherwise, the signals from the network node may indicate that the activation process has not started.
[0153] In some other embodiments, the network may also activate the network node without receiving the WUS. For example, the network may activate the network node when detecting that there are multiple EDs near the network node.
[0154] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, the communication method 700 may further include step 760, in which the network node transmits fourth information for configuring at least one of: time resources of the second information or frequency resources of the second information. Correspondingly, the ED receives the fourth information.
[0155] The time resources of the second information may include but are not limited to: the time interval during which the second information is transmitted, and the frequency resources of the second information may include but are not limited to the positions of the sub-carriers or bandwidth of the second information. The fourth information may be included in various signaling, including but not limited to RRC_release message or broadcast signals. For example, the network node may transmit broadcast signals (BC) that informs the ED about the time and / or frequency to search the second information during a TT of a TRP transitioning from sleep to active state.
[0156] In the above embodiments, the fourth information indicates at least one of the time resources or frequency resources of the second information, the ED may not detect the second information on other time or frequency resources, and thus the energy consumption of the ED may be saved.
[0157] In the above embodiments, the third information and the fourth information are transmitted by the network node that is performing the state transition. In some other implementations, the third information and / or the fourth information may also be transmitted by any other network node (s) , such as other network node (s) within the same network system where the network node performing the state transition is located. In addition, the network node (s) that transmit the third and fourth information may be the same network node or different network nodes, which is not limited herein. Taking the communication system shown in FIG. 6B as an example, the TRP 602 is the network node performing state transition, the TRP 606 is the other network node in the hyper-cell. In an example, the third and fourth information may be transmitted by the TRP 606. In another example, the third information may be transmitted by the TRP 602, and the fourth information may be transmitted by the TRP 606.
[0158] In addition, the order of executing steps 740 to 760 is only illustrative and is not intended to be limiting. For example, step 750 may be executed between the ED and the network node, followed by steps 740 and 760. In another example, step 760 may be performed between the ED and the network node, followed by step 750 and then step 740.
[0159] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, after step 702, the communication method 700 may further include step 770, in which in a case where the ED is in an idle mode, the ED performs an initial access to the network node based on the second information.
[0160] In some examples, if the second information includes one or more parameters of the raster frequency of the SSB, the ED may detect the SSB based on the second information, and after adjusting the frequency and time based on the SSB, the ED may initially access to the network node.
[0161] According to the foregoing embodiments, the ED in an idle mode may detect the SSB at a smaller range based on the parameters included in the second information, such as the raster frequency of the SSB, and then the ED may perform an initial access to the network node. Thus, the second information may help the ED save energy and quickly connect and / or transmit data to the activated TRP.
[0162] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, after step 720, the communication method 700 may further include step 780, in which in a case where the ED is in an inactive mode or a connected mode, the ED performs uplink transmission with the network node based on the second information. Correspondingly, the network node performs uplink transmission with the ED based on the second information.
[0163] When the ED is in an inactive mode (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE) or a connected mode (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED) , the ED may perform uplink transmission with the network node based on the parameters indicated in the second information. The uplink transmission may include, but is not limited to, small data transmission (SDT) . For example, if the second information includes a carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes, the ED may adjust the transmission frequency of the signal according to the carrier frequency offset and perform uplink transmission with the network node. In addition, after receiving the SSB based on the second information, the ED may also perform uplink transmission according to the resources associated with the SSB. For example, the ED may use CG resources associated with SSB for uplink transmission.
[0164] According to the foregoing embodiments, the ED in the inactive mode or connected mode may directly obtain uplink transmission related parameters based on the second information, such as carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes, and thus perform uplink transmission without additional calculations and measurements to obtain these parameters (such as carrier frequency offset) . Therefore, the energy consumption of the ED to uplink transmission may be reduced, and the efficiency of the ED in uplink transmission may also be improved.
[0165] For ease of understanding, examples are introduced with the assistance information referring to the second information.
[0166] FIG. 9 illustrates an example signaling flow diagram according to some implementations of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 9, the signaling flow diagram 900 depicts signaling exchanges among a TRP 902 and a UE 904 in a communication system. The TRP 902 may be any TRP described in FIGS. 1 to 6B, and the UE 904 may be any ED described in FIGS. 1 to 6B. The UE 904 receives assistance information from the TRP 902 that transitions from the sleep state to the active, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0167] As shown in FIG. 9, the signaling exchanges are indicated as steps using reference numerals 905, 910, 915, 920, 925 and 930. Some of these steps may be optional. It should be understood that, in some implementations, the order of one or more steps 905, 910, 915, 920, 925, and 930 may be changed, however the general concept is maintained.
[0168] In some implementations, the TRP 902 and the UE 904 shown in FIG. 9 may be employed in a network system that is similar to the communication system 600 illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B. The UE 904 may be in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state and may need to communicate with the TRP 902, which is in a sleep state.
[0169] At step 905, the TRP 902 may periodically transmit one or more signals such as the third information through signaling such as SSBs, paging, or LP signal, and the one or more signals may indicate one or more of the following as explained above: sleep state of TRP 902 (e.g., deep or light sleep) , TT, and whether the activation process has started or not.
[0170] At step 910, the UE 904 may detect a signal from the TRP 902, which may be any LP signal that is transmitted by the sleep TRP, and the UE 904 may then transmit WUS to the TRP 902.
[0171] At step 915, after receiving the WUS form the UE 904, the network may decide whether to activate the TRP 902 or not. The network may refer to the network described in step 740. If the network decides to activate the TRP 902, one or more signals transmitted from the TRP 902 (e.g., SSBs, paging, LP signal) may indicate that the activation process has started and the remaining time of TT is reducing. The one or more signals may be the fourth and first information. Otherwise, the signals from the TRP 902 may indicate that the activation process has not started.
[0172] At step 920, the UE 904 may detect the signals transmitted by the TRP 902 in step 915. If the TRP 902 transmits one or more signals indicating that the activation process has started, the UE 904 may then know the TT and the duration the UE 904 is expecting to receive assistance information from the TRP 902. Hence, during this duration, the UE 904 may start detecting signals from the TRP 902 about the assistance information. If the TRP 902 transmits one or more signals indicating that the activation process has not started, the UE 902 may retransmit WUS or may keep detecting signals like paging or SSBs as the network may configure other TRP to transmit signals like SSB or paging with higher power to cover the region of the sleep TRP 902.
[0173] At step 925, the TRP 902 may transmit assistance information (e.g., raster frequency, CFO, SCS) via paging signals or LP signals.
[0174] At step 930, after the UE 904 receives the assistance information, the UE 902 may perform an initial access (IA) procedure (e.g., when the UE 904 is in the RRC_IDLE state) or perform SDT (e.g., when the UE is in the RRC_INACTIVE state) .
[0175] Some possible implementations are described below by using the communication system in FIGS. 6A and 6B performing the method 700 as an example. Some implementations of the present disclosure depict different methods to provide the assistance information for the UE that help save energy for the UE as the UE may quickly connect with a TRP after being activated.
[0176] The sleep TRP 602 may transmit third information through signaling such as paging signals, simplified SSBs, low power signals, etc. Such signals may indicate that the TRP is in a sleep state.
[0177] The TT associated with each sleep state (may also referred as sleep mode) may be standardized or transmitted by the TRP 602. For example, when the sleep TRP 602 starts transitioning to an active state, the sleep TRP 602 may transmit the TT via paging or low power signals.
[0178] During the TT and / or slightly after the TT, the TRP 602 may send assistance information through signaling such as low power signals sent by LP radio, to help one or more UE communicate with the TRP 602 when the TRP 602 is transitioned to active state (e.g., the main radio turns “on” ) . The assistance information may be sent by another TRP in hyper cell, e.g., the TRP 606. The UE 604 (may be in RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state) may receive the assistance information. For fast connection and energy saving purpose at the UE 604, the UE 604 may utilize the assistance information to communicate (e.g., send data signals) in the direction that corresponds to the TRP 602 (e.g., sending signals that have quasi co-location type D (QCL-D) relation with the received signals from the TRP 602) .
[0179] In some implementations, the UE may be in RRC_CONNECTED state and communicate with one TRP in hyper-cell FR1 (sub-6 GHz) , which may refer to FIG. 6B, UE 604 is RRC_CONNECTED with the TRP 606 at FR1, and such TRP may be denoted as an anchor TRP. In the meantime, the UE may detect LP signal from nearby sleep TRP (e.g., referring to FIG. 6B, UE 604 may detect LP signal from TRP 602) . The UE may report that to the anchor TRP (e.g., TRP 606 in FIG. 6B) . When the sleep TRP is activated (e.g., the TRP 602 in FIG. 6B transitions from sleep to active state) , the anchor TRP (e.g., the TRP 606 in FIG. 6B) may provide assistance information for the UE to help the UE communicate with the activated TRP at FR2.
[0180] In some implementation, an RRC_INACTIVE UE near a sleep TRP may need to perform SDT. The RRC_INACTIVE UE may detect a signal (e.g., LP signal, SSB, or paging) from a sleep TRP that indicates the sleep type and / or a signal (e.g., SSB or paging) with low strength (e.g., RSRP is below certain threshold) from an active TRP in a hyper-cell. The inactive UE may perform SDT on the direction toward the active TRP but at low frequency band (e.g., send carrier frequency that belongs to a frequency range that is less than 2 Gigahertz) . The inactive UE may send uplink WUS in the direction towards the sleep TRP. When the TRP starts transitioning from a sleep state to an active state, the TRP may send signaling such as LP signals, paging via LP radio to indicate the assistance information. The inactive UE may detect the assistance information signals. The UE may then utilize the assistance information to synchronize with the activated TRP and perform SDT (e.g., the UE may detect the SSB from the activated TRP and then perform CG-SDT using CG resources associated with the detected SSB) . Similar procedure may hold for a UE in an idle state. A UE in an idle state may also detect sleep TRP signals, i.e., the signals that indicate the sleep type, and signals that indicates the assistance information. The UE may then utilize the assistance information to perform an initial access with the activated TRP.
[0181] In some implementations, the sleep UE (e.g., a UE in RRC_INACTIVE or RRC_IDLE state) may not need to detect the signals from a TRP (that transitioning from sleep to active state) during the whole TT as the TT may be long, and detecting the signal during the whole TT may consume more energy at the UE. Alternatively, the resources (time and frequency) at which the TRP may send the assistance information (may be called the assistance information resources) may be known at the sleep UE via different manners, such as the manners described in step 720.
[0182] In some implementations, the assistance information resources can be preconfigured. For example, the network may send broadcast signals (BC) that informs the UEs about the time and / or frequency to search assistance information during a TT of a TRP transitioning from sleep to active state. The UE in RRC_CONNECTED state may hear such BC signal before transitioning to a sleep state. Then, when the UE transitions to a sleep state and wants to reconnect with the network, the UE may detect signals from a sleep TRP transitioning to an active state and may search for assistance information on the preconfigured assistance information resources.
[0183] In some implementations, the assistance information resources may be provided by the fourth information. The fourth information may be included in the RRC_Release message, and may be transmitted from the network to a UE that is transitioning to an inactive state. Before the UE moves to the inactive state, the UE may receive RRC_Release message. The RRC_Release message may include information about the time and / or frequency to search assistance information in a time interval of a TRP transitioning from sleep to active state. While the UE moves within the RNA, the UE may find a sleep TRP that is transitioning to the active state.
[0184] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of another communication system 1000 including an RNA including three hyper-cells executing method 700. The example may include the following steps.
[0185] (1) The UE 1002 may receive an RRC_Release message from TRP 1004 before the UE transitions to an RRC_INACTIVE state. The RRC_Release message may include the fourth information.
[0186] (2) Then, the RRC_INACTIVE UE 1002 may move within the RNA.
[0187] (3) The UE 1002 may detect signals (e.g., SSBs) from sleep TRP 1006 in the RNA, and transmit WUS towards the direction of the sleep TRP 1006.
[0188] Then, the network may receive the WUS and activate the TRP 1006. The TRP 1006 may transmit signals such as the third information to indicate the TT. The TRP 1006 may also transmit the assistance information during the time and frequency resources specified in the RRC_Release message. The UE 1002 may receive the assistance information, which may help the UE 1002 quickly detect the SSBs from the TRP 1006 when the TRP 1006 is transitioned to an active state. And the UE may further perform data transmission (e.g., SDT) in the direction towards the TRP 1006.
[0189] The communication method according to the embodiments of this disclosure is described in detail above. The apparatus 510 according to some embodiments of this disclosure is described below in combination with FIG. 5. The apparatus 510 may be used to perform the functions of the ED or the network node in the communication method, and therefore may also realize the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the communication method. When the apparatus 510 performs the communication method, it may be understood that the apparatus 510 itself or the module, chip circuit, chip or system on chip in the apparatus 510 performs the communication method.
[0190] When the apparatus 510 is used to perform the functions of the ED in the communication method, it may include the following processes.
[0191] The communication unit 513 is configured to receive first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; and receive second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, where the second information indicates parameters for an electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.
[0192] In some embodiments, the communication unit 513 is configured to detect the second information within the time interval that is based on the first information.
[0193] In some embodiments, the second information includes at least one of: one or more parameters indicating one or more raster frequencies of a synchronization signal block; a carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes; a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit; an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs; or beam direction information.
[0194] In some embodiments, the communication unit 513 is configured to perform an initial access to the network node based on the second information in a case where the electronic device is in an idle mode.
[0195] In some embodiments, the communication unit 513 is configured to perform uplink transmission with the network node based on the second information in a case where the electronic device is in an inactive mode or a connected mode.
[0196] In some embodiments, the communication unit 513 is configured to receive third information indicating the transition time of the state transition of the network node.
[0197] In some embodiments, the communication unit 513 is configured to receive fourth information for configuring at least one of: time resources of the second information or frequency resources of the second information.
[0198] When the apparatus 510 is used to perform the functions of the network node in the communication method, it may include the following processes.
[0199] The communication unit 513 is configured to transmit first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; and transmit second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, where the second information indicates parameters for an electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.
[0200] In some embodiments, the second information includes at least one of: one or more parameters indicating one or more raster frequencies of a synchronization signal block; a carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes; a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit; an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs; or beam direction information.
[0201] In some embodiments, the communication unit 513 is configured to perform uplink transmission with the user equipment based on the second information in a case where the user equipment is in an inactive mode or a connected mode.
[0202] In some embodiments, the communication unit 513 is configured to transmit third information indicating a transition time of the state transition of the network node.
[0203] In some embodiments, the communication unit 513 is configured to transmit fourth information for configuring at least one of: time resources of the second information or frequency resources of the second information.
[0204] A computer-readable storage medium is provided according to some embodiments of this disclosure. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that an electronic device is capable of storing or a data storage device such as a data center that contains one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape) , optical media (e.g., DVD) , or semiconductor media (e.g., solid state drive) . The computer readable storage medium includes instructions that instruct the computing device to perform the communication method.
[0205] A computer program product storing instructions is provided according to some embodiments of this disclosure. The computer program product may be a software or program product that contains instructions and is capable of running on a computing device or being stored in any available medium. When the computer program product is running on at least one electronic device, it causes the at least one electronic device to perform the communication method described above.
[0206] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0207] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” , “an” and “one” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0208] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an exemplary embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this exemplary embodiment for its intended application.
[0209] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0210] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0211] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of”, “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0212] In the present disclosure, the terms “system” and “network” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this disclosure. “At least one” means one or more, and “aplurality of” means two or more. The term “and / or” describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character “ / ” usually indicates an “or” relationship between associated objects. “At least one of the following items (pieces) ” or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, “at least one of A, B, or C” includes A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, and “at least one of A, B, and C” may also be understood as including A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” in embodiments of this disclosure are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0213] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this disclosure may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this disclosure may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this disclosure may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0214] This disclosure is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this disclosure. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of a programmable data processing device, and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by the computer or the processor of the programmable data processing device, the instructions cause an apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0215] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0216] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the other programmable data processing device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the other programmable data processing device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0217] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this disclosure without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:receiving first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; andreceiving second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, wherein the second information indicates parameters for an electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:detecting the second information within the time interval that is based on the first information.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the second information comprises at least one of:one or more parameters indicating one or more raster frequencies of a synchronization signal block;a carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes;a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit;an identity of a cell to which the network node belongs; orbeam direction information.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in a case where the electronic device is in an idle mode, the method further comprises:performing an initial access to the network node based on the second information.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in a case where the electronic device is in an inactive mode or a connected mode, the method further comprises:performing uplink transmission with the network node based on the second information.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:receiving third information indicating the transition time of the state transition of the network node.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:receiving fourth information for configuring at least one of: time resources of the second information or frequency resources of the second information.8.A communication method, comprising:transmitting first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; andtransmitting second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, wherein the second information indicates parameters for a electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the second information comprises at least one of:one or more parameters indicating one or more raster frequencies of a synchronization signal block;a carrier frequency offset of the network node between different states or power modes;a spacing between adjacent frequency units within a time domain unit; oran identity of a cell to which the network node belongs; orbeam direction information.10.The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein in a case where the electronic device is in an inactive mode or a connected mode, the method comprises:performing uplink transmission with the electronic device based on the second information.11.The method of any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising:transmitting third information indicating a transition time of the state transition of the network node.12.The method of any one of claims 8 to 11, further comprising:transmitting fourth information for configuring at least one of: time resources of the second information or frequency resources of the second information.13.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or 8 to 12.14.The communication apparatus of claim 13, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; andreceive second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, wherein the second information indicates parameters for an electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.15.The communication apparatus of claim 13, comprising a transmitting unit configured to:transmit first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; andtransmit second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, wherein the second information indicates parameters for an electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.16.The communication apparatus of claim 13, comprising an interface circuit configured to:receive first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; andreceive second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, wherein the second information indicates parameters for an electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.17.The communication apparatus of claim 13, comprising an interface circuit configured to:transmit first information indicating that a state transition of a network node between different states or power modes; andtransmit second information within a time interval that is based on the first information, wherein the second information indicates parameters for an electronic device to communicate with the network node, and the time interval is related to a transition time of the state transition of the network node.18.The communication apparatus of claim 16 or 17, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.19.A communication apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the communication apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 or 8 to 12.20.A communication system comprising a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 8 to 12.21.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 or 8 to 12.22.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause a device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 or 8 to 12.