Random access method and apparatus

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a random access method and apparatus. The method comprises: receiving configuration information of N random access resource sets, the N random access resource sets corresponding to N coverage levels on a one-to-one basis, different random access resource sets among the N random access resource sets having different configuration information, and the N random access resource sets comprising a first random access resource set, wherein the random access resource set comprises at least one random access resource, the random access resource is used for sending a random access frame, the random access frame is used by a terminal device to access a network device, and frequency-domain resources comprised in different random access resources in the random access resource set are different single carriers; on the basis of the coverage level of the terminal device, determining a first random access resource set; and on the basis of one random access resource in the first random access resource set, sending the random access frame. By means of the method, efficient and reliable communication between an A-IoT terminal device and a network device is ensured.

Description

Methods and apparatus for random access

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on December 27, 2024, with application number 202411979589.4 and entitled "Method and apparatus for random access", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and specifically to a method and apparatus for random access. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of communication technology, to save power consumption of terminal devices, it is proposed to introduce RFID technology into mobile communication network systems to realize passive Internet of Things (IoT), that is, network devices can act as readers, realizing the functions of readers. For example, there is the ambient internet of things (A-IoT) technology. A-IoT consists of reader devices (e.g., base stations) and passive, semi-passive, or active A-IoT terminals. A-IoT terminals are terminal devices in cellular network systems, and can also be understood as IoT terminals with extremely low power consumption and extremely low complexity. Main functions include inventory, positioning, sensing, and command; typical application scenarios include logistics, warehousing, industrial manufacturing, identity recognition, and environmental monitoring.

[0004] A terminal can only perform uplink transmission after achieving uplink synchronization with the cell. The terminal device establishes a connection with the cell and achieves uplink synchronization through a random access procedure. Random access is a necessary process for establishing a wireless link between the terminal device and the network. Only after random access is completed can the base station and the terminal perform normal data exchange operations.

[0005] For A-IoT terminals, how to configure random access resources is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this application provides a method and apparatus for random access, which, combined with the low-power characteristics of A-IoT terminals and the signal structure for uplink transmission of A-IoT terminals, defines a method for configuring random access resources to ensure efficient and reliable communication between A-IoT terminals and network devices.

[0007] In a first aspect, a method for random access is provided, which can be executed by a terminal device. Unless otherwise specified, "terminal device" in this application can refer to the terminal device itself, a component in the terminal device (e.g., a processor, a chip, or a chip system), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first device.

[0008] The method includes: receiving configuration information for N random access resource sets, wherein the N random access resource sets correspond one-to-one with N coverage levels, the configuration information of different random access resource sets in the N random access resource sets is different, and the N random access resource sets include a first random access resource set; wherein the random access resource set includes at least one random access resource, the random access resource is used to transmit a random access frame, the random access frame is used for the terminal device to access the network device, and the different random access resources in the random access resource set include different single carriers in the frequency domain; determining the first random access resource set according to the coverage level of the terminal device; and transmitting the random access frame according to one random access resource in the first random access resource set.

[0009] Based on the above scheme, and considering the low-power characteristics of A-IoT terminals and the signal structure features of their uplink transmission, resources are allocated according to coverage levels to balance the conflict between resource efficiency and link reliability. Furthermore, a single-carrier waveform is used; that is, data is transmitted directly through a specific frequency carrier instead of multiplexing via subcarriers. This method mitigates interference caused by frequency deviations to some extent and may be simpler and more direct to implement and maintain.

[0010] In some implementations, the random access frame includes at least one of a preamble, a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS); the configuration information of the N random access resource sets includes at least one of the following: preamble sequence indication information, used to indicate the preamble sequence corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets; PUSCH coding indication information, used to indicate the channel coding configuration corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets, wherein the channel coding configuration includes whether channel coding is enabled for the PUSCH, and the code rate for channel coding of the PUSCH; The PUSCH modulation indication information is used to indicate the modulation method of the PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; the PUSCH repetition count indication information is used to indicate the number of repetitions of the PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; the PUSCH signal bandwidth indication information is used to indicate the signal bandwidth of the PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; and the DMRS configuration information is used to indicate the number and / or location of the DMRS corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets.

[0011] Based on the above scheme, since the A-IoT frame structure includes a preamble and a PUSCH, the random access resource configuration of A-IoT needs to include both the configuration information of the preamble and the configuration information of the PUSCH.

[0012] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a second random access resource set and a third random access resource set, wherein the coverage level corresponding to the second random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the third random access resource set, the preamble sequence length corresponding to the second random access resource set is a first length, the preamble sequence length corresponding to the third random access resource set is a second length, and the first length is less than the second length.

[0013] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a fourth random access resource set and a fifth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the fourth random access resource set is lower than that corresponding to the fifth random access resource set. The PUSCH in the fourth random access resource set does not enable channel coding or uses a first code rate for channel coding. The PUSCH in the fifth random access resource set uses a second code rate for channel coding. The first code rate is greater than the second code rate.

[0014] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a sixth random access resource set and a seventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the sixth random access resource set is lower than that corresponding to the seventh random access resource set. The PUSCH in the sixth random access resource set adopts a first modulation scheme, and the PUSCH in the seventh random access resource set adopts a second modulation scheme. The energy consumption of the first modulation scheme is lower than that of the second modulation scheme.

[0015] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include an eighth random access resource set and a ninth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the eighth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the ninth random access resource set. The number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the eighth random access resource set is the first count, and the number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the ninth random access resource set is the second count. The first count is less than the second count.

[0016] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a tenth random access resource set and an eleventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the tenth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the eleventh random access resource set. The PUSCH signal bandwidth in the tenth random access resource set is a first bandwidth, and the PUSCH signal bandwidth in the eleventh random access resource set is a second bandwidth. The first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0017] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a twelfth random access resource set and a thirteenth random access resource set, wherein the coverage level corresponding to the twelfth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the thirteenth random access resource set, the DMRS density in the twelfth random access resource set is a first density, and the DMRS density in the thirteenth random access resource set is a second density, wherein the first density is lower than the second density.

[0018] In some implementations, the method further includes: receiving a first signal from the network device; and determining the coverage level of the terminal device based on the received power of the first signal.

[0019] In some implementations, determining the coverage level of the terminal device based on the received power of the first signal includes: receiving power thresholds corresponding to the N coverage levels; and determining the coverage level of the terminal device based on the received power of the first signal and the power thresholds corresponding to the N coverage levels.

[0020] Secondly, a method for random access is provided, which can be executed by a network device. Unless otherwise specified, "network device" in this application can refer to the network device itself, a component in the network device (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the second device.

[0021] The method includes: determining configuration information for N random access resource sets, wherein the N random access resource sets correspond one-to-one with N coverage levels, and the configuration information for different random access resource sets in the N random access resource sets is different; wherein, each random access resource set includes at least one random access resource, the random access resource is used by a terminal device to send a random access frame, the random access frame is used by the terminal device to access the network device, and the different random access resources in the random access resource set include different single carriers in the frequency domain; and sending the configuration information for the N random access resource sets.

[0022] In some implementations, the random access frame includes at least one of a preamble, a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS); the configuration information of the N random access resource sets includes at least one of the following: preamble sequence indication information, used to indicate the preamble sequence corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets; PUSCH coding indication information, used to indicate the channel coding configuration corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets, wherein the channel coding configuration includes whether channel coding is enabled for the PUSCH, and the code rate for channel coding of the PUSCH; The PUSCH modulation indication information is used to indicate the modulation method of the PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; the PUSCH repetition count indication information is used to indicate the number of repetitions of the PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; the PUSCH signal bandwidth indication information is used to indicate the signal bandwidth of the PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; and the DMRS configuration information is used to indicate the number and / or location of the DMRS corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets.

[0023] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a second random access resource set and a third random access resource set, wherein the coverage level corresponding to the second random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the third random access resource set, the preamble sequence length corresponding to the second random access resource set is a first length, the preamble sequence length corresponding to the third random access resource set is a second length, and the first length is less than the second length.

[0024] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a fourth random access resource set and a fifth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the fourth random access resource set is lower than that corresponding to the fifth random access resource set. The PUSCH in the fourth random access resource set does not enable channel coding or uses a first code rate for channel coding. The PUSCH in the fifth random access resource set uses a second code rate for channel coding. The first code rate is greater than the second code rate.

[0025] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a sixth random access resource set and a seventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the sixth random access resource set is lower than that corresponding to the seventh random access resource set. The PUSCH in the sixth random access resource set adopts a first modulation scheme, and the PUSCH in the seventh random access resource set adopts a second modulation scheme. The energy consumption of the first modulation scheme is lower than that of the second modulation scheme.

[0026] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include an eighth random access resource set and a ninth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the eighth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the ninth random access resource set. The number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the eighth random access resource set is the first count, and the number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the ninth random access resource set is the second count. The first count is less than the second count.

[0027] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a tenth random access resource set and an eleventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the tenth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the eleventh random access resource set. The PUSCH signal bandwidth in the tenth random access resource set is a first bandwidth, and the PUSCH signal bandwidth in the eleventh random access resource set is a second bandwidth. The first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0028] In some implementations, the N random access resource sets include a twelfth random access resource set and a thirteenth random access resource set, wherein the coverage level corresponding to the twelfth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the thirteenth random access resource set, the DMRS density in the twelfth random access resource set is a first density, and the DMRS density in the thirteenth random access resource set is a second density, wherein the first density is lower than the second density.

[0029] In some implementations, the method further includes: sending power thresholds corresponding to the N coverage levels; and sending a first signal.

[0030] Thirdly, a communication device is provided. The communication device is used to execute the first aspect described above and any of its embodiments. Specifically, the communication device includes a processor and a memory for storing a computer program; the processor is used to retrieve and run the computer program from the memory, causing the communication device to execute the first aspect described above and any of its embodiments.

[0031] In one implementation, the communication device is a terminal device. When the communication device is a terminal device, the transceiver unit can be a transceiver or an input / output interface. The processing unit can be at least one processor. Optionally, the transceiver can be a transceiver circuit. Optionally, the input / output interface can be an input / output circuit.

[0032] In another implementation, the communication device can be a chip, chip system, or circuit in a terminal device. In this case, the transceiver unit can be an input / output interface, interface circuit, output circuit, input circuit, pin, or related circuit on the chip, chip system, or circuit; the processing unit can be at least one processor, processing circuit, or logic circuit.

[0033] Fourthly, a communication device is provided. The communication device is used to execute the second aspect described above and any of its embodiments. Specifically, the communication device includes a processor and a memory for storing a computer program; the processor is used to retrieve and run the computer program from the memory, causing the communication device to execute the second aspect described above and any of its embodiments.

[0034] In one implementation, the communication device is a network device. When the communication device is a network device, the transceiver unit can be a transceiver or an input / output interface. The processing unit can be at least one processor. Optionally, the transceiver can be a transceiver circuit. Optionally, the input / output interface can be an input / output circuit.

[0035] In another implementation, the communication device can be a chip, chip system, or circuit in a network device. In this case, the transceiver unit can be an input / output interface, interface circuit, output circuit, input circuit, pin, or related circuit on the chip, chip system, or circuit; the processing unit can be at least one processor, processing circuit, or logic circuit.

[0036] Fifthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. This computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed, causes the method of any implementation of the first and second aspects described above to be performed.

[0037] Sixthly, a computer program product containing instructions is provided. When the computer program product is run, it causes the method provided by any implementation of the first and second aspects above to be executed.

[0038] In a seventh aspect, a chip is provided, the chip including a processor and a communication interface, the processor reading instructions through the communication interface and executing the method provided by any of the implementations of the first and second aspects described above.

[0039] Optionally, as one implementation, the chip also includes a memory that stores computer programs or instructions, and a processor that executes the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory. When the computer programs or instructions are executed, the processor executes the method provided by any of the implementations of the first and second aspects described above.

[0040] Eighthly, a computer program is provided. When the computer program is run, it causes the method provided by any implementation of the first and second aspects above to be executed.

[0041] Ninthly, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the communication method that can be implemented in the first aspect and any of the first aspect, or the second aspect and any of the second aspect.

[0042] In a tenth aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising a communication device of the third aspect and a communication device of the fourth aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another communication system applicable to embodiments of this application.

[0045] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another communication system applicable to embodiments of this application.

[0046] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an uplink transmission frame structure applicable to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 5 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 500 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of the communication device 1100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device 1200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 8 is a schematic block diagram of the chip system 1300 provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Before introducing the scheme of this application, the following points should be noted.

[0052] (1) In this application, “instruction” may include direct instruction, indirect instruction, explicit instruction, and implicit instruction. When describing a certain instruction information for the purpose of instructing A, it can be understood that the instruction information carries A, directly instructs A, or indirectly instructs A.

[0053] In this application, the information indicated by the instruction information is called the information to be instructed. In specific implementations, there are many ways to indicate the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly indicating the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly indicate the information to be instructed by indicating other information, where there is a relationship between the other information and the information to be instructed. It can also indicate only a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol-defined) arrangement of various pieces of information, thereby reducing instruction overhead to some extent. Furthermore, the information to be instructed can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information pieces, and the sending period and / or timing of these sub-information pieces can be the same or different.

[0054] (2) In this application, "send" and "receive" indicate the direction of signal transmission. For example, "send information to XX" can be understood as the destination of the information being XX, which may include direct transmission via the air interface or indirect transmission via the air interface by other units or modules. "Receive information from YY" can be understood as the source of the information being YY, which may include direct reception from YY via the air interface or indirect reception from YY via the air interface by other units or modules. "Send" can also be understood as the "output" of the chip interface, and "receive" can also be understood as the "input" of the chip interface. In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between network devices and terminal devices, or within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within the device via a bus, wiring, or interface.

[0055] (3) In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terms and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0056] (4) In this application, "first," "second," and "#1," "#2," and "#A" are used for descriptive convenience only to distinguish objects and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. They are not used to describe the order or sequence of features. It should be understood that such described objects can be interchanged where appropriate so as to describe solutions other than those in the embodiments of this application. The objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., may be the same object or the same object.

[0057] (5) In this application, “predefined” may mean a standard protocol predefined, or it may mean that the devices have agreed or negotiated in advance.

[0058] (6) In this application, the words “exemplary,” “for example,” etc., are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as an “example” in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word “example” is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. In the embodiments of this application, “of,” “corresponding, relevant,” and “corresponding” may sometimes be used interchangeably, and it should be noted that their intended meanings are consistent unless their distinction is emphasized.

[0059] (7) In this application, “signal”, “frame” and “cell” can be used interchangeably.

[0060] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 100 applicable to this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 includes at least one network device, such as network device 111, network device 112, and network device 113 shown in Figure 1. The wireless communication system may also include at least one terminal device, such as terminal device 121, terminal device 122, terminal device 123, terminal device 124, terminal device 125, terminal device 126, and terminal device 127 shown in Figure 1.

[0062] For example, network devices and terminal devices can communicate with each other, including but not limited to: multi-site transmission, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) transmission, etc., wherein network devices 112 and 113 as shown in FIG1 can transmit with terminal device 124 through multi-site transmission, and network device 112 as shown in FIG1 can transmit with terminal devices 121, 122 and 123 through eMBB transmission.

[0063] For example, network devices can also communicate with each other, including but not limited to: backhaul. As shown in FIG1, network device 111 and network device 112 can communicate through backhaul, and network device 111 and network device 113 can also communicate through backhaul. In this case, network device 112 and network device 113 can act as relay nodes in the system.

[0064] For example, terminal devices can also communicate with each other, including but not limited to device-to-device (D2D) transmission. For example, terminal device 122 and terminal device 125 can communicate with each other via D2D transmission as shown in FIG1.

[0065] A network device is a network-side device with wireless transceiver capabilities. A network device can be a device in a radio access network (RAN) that provides wireless communication capabilities to terminal devices. Network devices can be cellular systems related to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as 5G mobile communication systems, or future-oriented evolution systems. Network devices can also be open radio access networks (O-RAN or ORAN), cloud radio access networks (CRAN), or wireless fidelity (WiFi) systems. For example, the network device can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a next-generation NodeB (gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, a 3GPP subsequent evolution base station, a transmission reception point (TRP), an access node, a wireless relay node, or a wireless backhaul node in a WiFi system. In communication systems employing different radio access technologies (RATs), the names of devices with base station capabilities may differ. For example, in an LTE system, it may be called an eNB or eNodeB, and in a 5G or NR system, it may be called a gNB. This application does not limit the specific name of the base station. The network equipment may include one or more co-located or non-co-located transmitting and receiving points. Furthermore, the network equipment may include at least one of the following: one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), and one or more radio units (RUs).

[0066] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU (open DU), CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules. Exemplarily, the function of CU can be implemented by one entity or different entities. For example, the function of CU can be further divided, that is, the control plane and user plane can be separated and implemented through different entities, namely the control plane CU entity (i.e., the CU-CP entity) and the user plane CU entity (i.e., the CU-UP entity). The CU-CP entity and the CU-UP entity can be coupled with the DU to jointly complete the function of the access network device. For example, the CU (Complex Unit) is responsible for handling non-real-time protocols and services, implementing the functions of the radio resource control (RRC) and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layers. The DU (Digital Unit) is responsible for handling physical layer protocols and real-time services, implementing the functions of the radio link control (RLC), medium / media access control (MAC), and physical (PHY) layers. This allows multiple network function entities to implement some of the functions of a radio access network device. These network function entities can be network elements in hardware devices, software functions running on dedicated hardware, or virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). Network devices can also include active antenna units (AAUs). The AAU implements some physical layer processing functions, radio frequency processing, and related functions of the active antenna. Since RRC layer information ultimately becomes PHY layer information, or is derived from PHY layer information, in this architecture, higher-layer signaling, such as RRC layer signaling, can also be considered as being sent by the DU, or by the DU+AAU. It is understood that network devices can be one or more of the following: CU nodes, DU nodes, and AAU nodes. Furthermore, a CU can be classified as a network device in the RAN or as a network device in the core network (CN); this application does not impose any limitations on this.For example, in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology, the access network equipment can be a roadside unit (RSU). Multiple access network devices in the communication system can be base stations of the same type or different types. Base stations can communicate with terminal devices, or they can communicate with terminal devices through relay stations. In this embodiment, the device used to implement the network device function can be the network device itself, or a device that supports the network device in implementing that function, such as a chip system or a combination of devices or components that can implement the access network device function. This device can be installed in the network device. In this embodiment, the chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete devices.

[0067] A terminal device is a user-side device with wireless transceiver capabilities. It can be a fixed device, mobile device, handheld device (e.g., mobile phone), wearable device, in-vehicle device, or a wireless device (e.g., communication module, modem, or chip system) built into the aforementioned devices. Terminal devices are used to connect people, objects, and machines, and can be widely used in various scenarios, such as: cellular communication, D2D communication, V2X communication, machine-to-machine / machine-type communications (M2M / MTC), the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, self-driving, remote medical care, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, drones, robots, etc. For example, a terminal device can be a handheld terminal in cellular communication, a communication device in D2D, an IoT device in MTC, a surveillance camera in smart transportation and smart cities, or a communication device on a drone. Terminal equipment is sometimes referred to as user equipment (UE), user terminal, user device, user unit, user station, terminal, access terminal, access station, UE station, remote station, mobile device, or wireless communication device, etc. Terminal equipment can also be a terminal device in an IoT system. IoT is an important component of future information technology development. Its main technical characteristic is connecting objects to networks through communication technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and machine-to-machine interconnection. In the embodiments of this application, IoT technology can achieve massive connectivity, deep coverage, and terminal power saving through technologies such as narrowband (NB). In the embodiments of this application, the device used to implement the functions of the terminal equipment can be the terminal equipment itself, or it can be a device that supports the terminal equipment in implementing the functions, such as a chip system or a combination of devices or components that can implement the functions of the terminal equipment. This device can be installed in the terminal equipment. The terminal typically contains a communication module, circuit, or chip (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core, or a system-in-package (SIP) chip) that performs the corresponding communication functions. The terminal can also be configured with program instructions for performing corresponding communication functions.

[0068] Network devices and terminal devices can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can also be deployed in the air on airplanes, balloons, and satellites. This application does not limit the scenario in which the network devices and terminal devices are located.

[0069] For example, the communication system 100 may further include an application function (AF) network element, which is a control plane network function provided by the operator's network for providing application layer information; the communication system 100 may also include a session management function (SMF) network element, which is a control plane network function provided by the operator's network. In this embodiment, when the communication system 100 includes both AF and SMF network elements, the AF can send service-related information to the network device through the SMF.

[0070] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of four communication topologies. Figure 2 is for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute a limitation of this application.

[0071] Figure 2(a) illustrates a communication topology. Exemplarily, this communication topology can be referred to as a base station direct connection topology. In this topology, the base station (BS) and AIoT devices can directly transmit data, channels, or signals to each other. Exemplarily, the BS can transmit data, channels, or signals to the AIoT device. For example, the channel transmitted by the AIoT device can be called a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) or an ambient physical downlink shared channel (APDSCH). As another example, the channel transmitted by the AIoT device to the BS can be called a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) or an ambient physical uplink shared channel (APUSCH). In Figure 2(a), CW nodes are within the communication topology. For example, CW nodes can be integrated or deployed within the BS.

[0072] Figure 2(b) illustrates a communication topology. Exemplarily, this communication topology can be referred to as a base station direct connection topology. Unlike Figure 2(a), the CW node in Figure 2(b) can be independent of the communication topology. For example, the CW node can be located outside the BS.

[0073] Figure 2(c) illustrates another communication topology. Exemplarily, this topology can be called an intermediate node topology. The BS and AIoT devices can indirectly send data, channels, or signals to each other through an intermediate node. Exemplarily, the intermediate node can be a UE. The BS and UE can be connected via a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network to UE (Uu) interface. The UE and AIoT devices can directly send data, channels, or signals to each other. For example, the channel sent by the UE to the AIoT device can be called PRDCH. As another example, the channel sent by the AIoT device to the UE can be called PDRCH. In Figure 2(c), the CW node is within the communication topology. For example, the CW node can be integrated or deployed within the BS.

[0074] Figure 2(d) illustrates another communication topology. Exemplarily, this communication topology can be referred to as an intermediate node topology. Unlike Figure 2(c), the CW node in Figure 2(d) can be independent of the communication topology. For example, the CW node can be located outside the BS.

[0075] The embodiments of this application can also be applied to open RAN (O-RAN) system architecture.

[0076] As shown in Figure 3, an O-RAN system can include core network (CN) equipment, access network (RAN) equipment, and user equipment (UE). Access network equipment communicates with core network equipment via a backhaul link and with UE via an air interface. For example, a BBU in the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment via a backhaul link, and an RU in the access network equipment communicates with the UE via an air interface. The BBU communicates with at least one RU via a fronthaul link; the BBU and RU may or may not be co-located. The BBU includes at least one CU and at least one DU, and the CU and DU can communicate via at least one midhaul link.

[0077] Figure 3 is just a schematic diagram. The wireless communication system may also include other devices, which are not shown in Figure 3.

[0078] To facilitate a better understanding of the technical solution of this application, some relevant terms or concepts involved in the technical solution of this application will be introduced.

[0079] 1. A-IoT

[0080] A-IoT devices in A-IoT technology include network devices and Type I terminal devices; or, in other words, A-IoT-based communication systems include network devices and Type I terminal devices. Type I terminal devices can be devices with A-IoT terminal device functionality. In this case, both readers and A-IoT terminal devices can be implemented based on cellular network infrastructure. In other words, both readers and A-IoT terminal devices can be devices within a cellular network. For example, the functionality of a reader can be implemented by network devices, such as base stations. A-IoT terminal devices can be implemented by terminals within a cellular network, such as ultra-low power, ultra-low complexity IoT terminals, i.e., Type I terminals. Network devices and Type I terminals can perform contactless data communication, thereby reading information from Type I terminals and / or writing information that needs to be stored into Type I terminals. A-IoT technology can be used to implement one or more of the following services: inventory, positioning, sensing, and command. Typical application scenarios for A-IoT technology include logistics, warehousing, industrial manufacturing, identity recognition, and environmental monitoring.

[0081] For example, inventory management involves using a reader (e.g., a base station or terminal device) to access A-IoT terminals (or A-IoT terminal devices) within the coverage area. Successfully connected devices need to send their unique identifier (which can be recognized by the network, such as the EPC in RFID) to the reader. Inventory management can also be called a count operation. It involves obtaining tag identification information; for example, the reader can use commands such as Query and ACK to retrieve tag identification information.

[0082] Positioning is the process of using location signals to pinpoint the location of an A-IoT terminal.

[0083] Sensing involves A-IoT terminals reporting sensor data to the base station, such as temperature data.

[0084] Commands can be operational instructions, such as read, write, kill, or lock. Read operations can read the EPC, tag identifier (TID), content stored in the tag's reserved area, or content stored in the user's storage area from the tag's memory. Write operations can perform write operations on the tag's storage area; for example, a network device (e.g., a base station) can send a downlink command and data to instruct the A-IoT terminal to write data to its own storage area. Kill operations can permanently disable the tag. Lock operations can lock the tag's information, preventing read or write operations on that tag. Alternatively, locking operations can also lock a storage area, preventing or disallowing read or write operations on that storage area; for example, a network device can send a downlink command to instruct the A-IoT terminal to lock the location at a specified address in the storage area, making the contents of that storage area immutable and / or unreadable.

[0085] Terminal devices in A-IoT can be divided into three categories: device A, device B, and device C.

[0086] 1) Device A (similar to a passive tag): It has no energy storage or some low capacitance energy storage, cannot generate independent signals, and uses backscattering to transmit signals.

[0087] 2) Device B (similar to a semi-passive tag): It has energy storage, such as capacitor energy storage, but cannot generate signals independently; it uses backscattering to transmit signals. The stored energy can amplify the reflected signal. Optionally, device B stores energy using a battery.

[0088] 3) Device C (similar to an active tag): It has energy storage, can generate signals independently, and has active radio frequency (RF) components for transmission.

[0089] The 3GPP meeting further defined the following three categories of A-IoT devices: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b.

[0090] 1) Device 1: Peak power consumption is approximately 1μW, with energy storage function, and initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) reaches 10. XAt parts per million (ppm), it cannot amplify downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) signals. It requires an external carrier signal for backscatter communication to enable uplink transmission.

[0091] 2) Device 2a: Peak power consumption less than or equal to several hundred μW, with energy storage function, and initial sampling frequency offset up to 10. X ppm can amplify DL and / or UL signals. An external carrier signal is required for backscatter communication in order to perform uplink transmission.

[0092] 3) Device 2b: Peak power consumption less than or equal to several hundred μW, with energy storage function, and initial sampling frequency offset of 10. X ppm, capable of DL and / or UL signal amplification. The device can perform uplink transmission without relying on an externally provided carrier.

[0093] 2. Coverage level

[0094] Because IoT systems need to support large coverage areas, the network device scheduling strategies will differ significantly depending on the terminal devices in different communication environments. For example, terminal devices located in the center of a cell have better wireless channel conditions, allowing network devices to establish reliable communication links with lower power. They can also use techniques such as large transmission blocks, higher-order modulation, and carrier bonding for rapid data transmission. However, for terminal devices at the cell edge or in basements, wireless channel conditions are poor. Network devices need to use higher power to establish reliable communication links and require techniques such as small transmission blocks, lower-order modulation, multiple retransmissions, and spread spectrum to complete data transmission. Coverage level can also be referred to as coverage enhancement level, enhanced coverage level, repetition level, or repetition count.

[0095] To ensure communication reliability and conserve network transmission power, it is necessary to differentiate between terminal devices operating under different channel conditions to facilitate network scheduling. Based on this, the concept of coverage level is introduced. Terminal devices within the same coverage level have similar channel transmission conditions, allowing network devices to employ similar scheduling parameters for them, and their control signaling overhead is also similar.

[0096] 3. Frame structure for A-IoT uplink transmission

[0097] As shown in Figure 4, the A-IoT uplink transmission frame includes a preamble and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). A demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is inserted into the PUSCH. The preamble's main function is to obtain time and frequency synchronization, the PUSCH is used to carry uplink data or signaling, and the DMRS is used for channel estimation and frequency offset estimation. This uplink transmission frame structure is suitable for message 1 in the A-IoT random access process and also for subsequent uplink transmissions. The A-IoT uplink transmission frame can also be called a random access frame.

[0098] As mentioned earlier, A-IoT terminals are characterized by extremely low power consumption and extremely low complexity. A-IoT terminals avoid using circuits or devices that can maintain high frequency accuracy but have high power consumption, such as phase-locked loops (PLLs). Therefore, the uplink transmission frequency error of A-IoT terminals is relatively large, ranging from tens of parts per million (ppm).

[0099] In view of this, this application provides a method and apparatus for random access. Considering the large error in the downlink transmission frequency of A-IoT terminals, and in combination with the frame structure of A-IoT uplink transmission, a method for configuring random access resources is designed for random access of A-IoT terminals.

[0100] The methods provided by the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments provided by this application can be applied to the communication systems shown in Figures 1 and 2 above, and are not limited thereto.

[0101] It should be understood that the embodiments shown below use terminal devices and network devices as examples of execution subjects in the interaction illustration to illustrate the method. However, this application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction illustration, as long as a program can communicate according to the method provided in the embodiments of this application by running the code of the method provided in the embodiments of this application. The execution subject of the method provided in the embodiments of this application can be a terminal device and a network device, or a functional module in the terminal device and network device that can call and execute a program. For example, a network device can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the methods that the network device can implement, or it can be a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the network device; a terminal device can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the methods that the terminal device can implement, or it can be a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the terminal device.

[0102] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a communication method 500 provided in an embodiment of this application. The method 500 may include the following steps.

[0103] S501, the network device determines the configuration information of N random access resource sets.

[0104] For uplink transmission in A-IoT, the uplink transmission frequency error of A-IoT terminals is relatively large, at tens of ppm. Assuming the carrier frequency is 900MHz, the uplink transmission frequency error will reach tens of kHz. Under such a large frequency deviation, if multiple subcarriers (such as Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)) are used to realize data transmission, it will bring about large inter-subcarrier interference.

[0105] Therefore, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) cannot be used for uplink transmission in A-IoT. The uplink transmission in this embodiment uses a single-carrier waveform, meaning it does not use subcarriers for multiplexing but directly transmits data via a single carrier at a specific frequency. This method mitigates interference caused by frequency deviation to some extent because it does not rely on multiple mutually orthogonal subcarriers. Furthermore, compared to multi-carrier systems that require high-precision frequency tracking, single-carrier systems are likely simpler and more straightforward to implement and maintain.

[0106] Specifically, all random access resources in the N random access resource sets are single-carrier resources, meaning that the frequency domain resources included in the random access resources are single-carrier resources.

[0107] It should be understood that terminal devices are deployed at varying distances from base stations. If resources are allocated uniformly based on the worst-case coverage conditions—that is, based on significant overlap, low code rates, or low-order modulation—resources will be wasted for IoT devices closer to the base station. Conversely, if resources are allocated uniformly based on the best-case coverage conditions—that is, based on no overlap, no coding, coding with a high code rate, or high-order modulation—link reliability cannot be guaranteed for terminal devices farther away.

[0108] Therefore, this application considers allocating resources according to coverage levels to balance the conflict between resource efficiency and link reliability. Lower coverage levels, compared to other coverage levels, are closer to the base station and have better coverage conditions; higher coverage levels, compared to other coverage levels, are farther from the base station and have poorer coverage conditions.

[0109] When resources are allocated according to coverage level, each coverage level can correspond to a set of random access resources. The set of random access resources includes at least one random access resource. The random access resource is used by the terminal device to send a random access frame, and the random access frame is used by the terminal device to access the network device.

[0110] For example, coverage level 1 corresponds to random access resource set 1, and any random access resource in random access resource set 1 can be used for random access by terminal devices within coverage level 1.

[0111] It should be understood that random access resources can also be called uplink resources, uplink transmission resources, etc.

[0112] It should be understood that a random access frame can also be called a random access signal, uplink frame, uplink transmission frame, uplink signal, uplink transmission signal, etc.

[0113] If the cell corresponding to the network device includes N coverage levels, then the network device can be configured with N random access resource sets, that is, the configuration information of N random access resource sets is determined.

[0114] Among them, there are N random access resource sets that correspond one-to-one with N coverage levels. The configuration information of different random access resource sets among the N random access resource sets is different, that is, the random access resource sets corresponding to different coverage levels are different.

[0115] Among the N random access resource sets, the frequency domain resources of different random access resources in the same random access resource set are different single carriers. In other words, the frequency domain resources of different random access resources in the same random access resource set are different.

[0116] Optionally, different random access resources in the same random access resource set have the same parameters except for frequency domain resources.

[0117] Optionally, corresponding to the frame structure of the random access frame, the configuration information of the random access resources may include the configuration information of the preamble, the configuration information of the PUSCH, and the configuration information of the DMRS.

[0118] Assuming that different random access resources in the same random access resource set have the same parameters except for frequency domain resources, then the configuration information of a random access resource set is the configuration information of each random access resource in that random access resource set.

[0119] Specifically, the configuration information for the random access resource set may include at least one of the following:

[0120] The configuration information of the N random access resource sets includes at least one of the following:

[0121] 1) Preamble sequence indication information, used to indicate the preamble sequence corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets; or, used to indicate the preamble sequence corresponding to different coverage levels among the N coverage levels.

[0122] 2) PUSCH coding indication information, used to indicate the channel coding configuration corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets, the channel coding configuration including whether channel coding is enabled for the PUSCH and the code rate for channel coding of the PUSCH; or, used to indicate the channel coding configuration corresponding to different coverage levels among the N coverage levels, the channel coding configuration including whether channel coding is enabled for the PUSCH and the code rate for channel coding of the PUSCH.

[0123] 3) PUSCH modulation indication information, used to indicate the modulation method of PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; or, used to indicate the modulation method of PUSCH corresponding to different coverage levels in the N coverage levels.

[0124] 4) PUSCH repetition count indication information, used to indicate the number of times PUSCH is repeated for different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets; or, used to indicate the number of times PUSCH is repeated for different coverage levels among the N coverage levels.

[0125] 5) PUSCH signal bandwidth indication information, used to indicate the signal bandwidth of PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; or, used to indicate the signal bandwidth of PUSCH corresponding to different coverage levels in the N coverage levels.

[0126] 6) DMRS configuration information, used to indicate the number and / or location of DMRS corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets. Alternatively, it can be used to indicate the number and / or location of DMRS corresponding to different coverage levels among the N coverage levels.

[0127] It should be understood that the configuration information for different random access resource sets is not entirely the same for different coverage levels.

[0128] For example, in the configuration information of two random access resource sets corresponding to two different coverage levels, at least one parameter is different.

[0129] The following section details the configuration information for N random access resource sets, focusing on different parameters within the configuration information.

[0130] a) Preamble sequence indication information

[0131] The sequence index or sequence length of the preamble is used to indicate the preamble corresponding to different coverage levels. The protocol can be agreed upon for different lengths of preamble sequences.

[0132] It should be understood that lower coverage levels have better signal quality, allowing for the use of shorter preambles to reduce network resource overhead. Higher coverage levels have poorer signal quality, requiring the use of longer preambles to ensure sufficient timing and / or frequency synchronization performance even at extremely low signal-to-noise ratios, thereby guaranteeing subsequent PUSCH transmission performance to meet deep coverage requirements.

[0133] Under different coverage levels, the preamble sequences of random access resource sets are not completely identical. Specifically, among N coverage levels, at least two coverage levels have different preamble sequences; or, among N random access resource sets, at least two random access resource sets have different preamble sequences.

[0134] Specifically, the N random access resource sets include a second random access resource set and a third random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the second random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the third random access resource set. The preamble sequence length corresponding to the second random access resource set is a first length, and the preamble sequence length corresponding to the third random access resource set is a second length. The first length is less than the second length.

[0135] Alternatively, there are N coverage levels, including coverage level 0 and coverage level 1. The length of the preamble sequence corresponding to coverage level 0 is the first length, and the length of the preamble sequence corresponding to coverage level 1 is the second length. The first length is less than the second length.

[0136] It should be understood that coverage level 0 corresponds to the second random access resource set, and coverage level 1 corresponds to the third random access resource set.

[0137] Table 1 shows an example of a preamble sequence corresponding to different coverage levels, i.e., an example of a preamble sequence indicating information. It should be understood that Table 1 is only an example, and this application does not specifically limit the preamble sequence under different coverage levels.

[0138] Table 1

[0139] Coverage level 0 corresponds to an 8-bit sequence, which can be defined as {0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0}. Coverage level 1 corresponds to a 16-bit sequence, which can be defined as {0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0}. Coverage level 2 corresponds to a 32-bit sequence, which can be defined as {0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1}. Coverage level 3 corresponds to a 64-bit sequence, which can be defined as {0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1}.

[0140] b) Encoding indication information for PUSCH

[0141] Used to indicate whether channel coding is enabled or disabled for PUSCH.

[0142] It should be understood that low coverage levels have good signal quality, so channel coding can be omitted or a higher code rate can be used to improve transmission efficiency. High coverage levels enable channel coding and use a lower code rate to obtain greater coding gain, thereby improving uplink transmission performance and meeting the requirements for deep coverage.

[0143] The channel coding configurations of random access resource sets are not entirely the same under different coverage levels. Specifically, among N coverage levels, at least two coverage levels have different channel coding configurations; or, among N random access resource sets, at least two random access resource sets have different channel coding configurations.

[0144] Specifically, the N random access resource sets include a fourth random access resource set and a fifth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the fourth random access resource set is lower than that corresponding to the fifth random access resource set. The PUSCH in the fourth random access resource set does not enable channel coding or uses a first code rate for channel coding. The PUSCH in the fifth random access resource set uses a second code rate for channel coding. The first code rate is greater than the second code rate.

[0145] For example, there are N coverage levels, including coverage level 0 and coverage level 1. Coverage level 0 corresponds to no channel coding, and coverage level 1 corresponds to channel coding with a code rate of R1. It should be understood that coverage level 0 corresponds to the fourth random access resource set, and coverage level 1 corresponds to the fifth random access resource set.

[0146] For example, there are N coverage levels, including coverage level 1 and coverage level 2. Coverage level 1 corresponds to enabling channel coding with a code rate of R1, and coverage level 2 corresponds to enabling channel coding with a code rate of R2, where 1>R1>R2>0. It should be understood that coverage level 1 corresponds to the fourth random access resource set, and coverage level 2 corresponds to the fifth random access resource set.

[0147] Table 2 shows an example of PUSCH encoding parameters corresponding to different coverage levels, i.e., an example of PUSCH encoding indication information. It should be understood that Table 2 is only an example, and this application does not specifically limit the encoding parameters under different coverage levels.

[0148] Table 2

[0149] c) PUSCH modulation indication information

[0150] Used to indicate the modulation mode of PUSCH.

[0151] It should be understood that low coverage levels have good signal quality and can use simple, low-power modulation methods (such as OOK, which reduces the power consumption of terminal equipment compared to BPSK). High coverage levels enable more robust modulation methods (such as PSK modulation) to achieve better demodulation performance to meet the requirements of deep coverage.

[0152] Under different coverage levels, the PUSCH modulation scheme of random access resource sets is not exactly the same. Specifically, among N coverage levels, at least two coverage levels have different PUSCH modulation schemes; or, among N random access resource sets, at least two random access resource sets have different PUSCH modulation schemes.

[0153] For example, N random access resource sets include a sixth random access resource set and a seventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the sixth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the seventh random access resource set. The PUSCH in the sixth random access resource set adopts a first modulation scheme, and the PUSCH in the seventh random access resource set adopts a second modulation scheme. The energy consumption of the first modulation scheme is lower than the energy consumption of the second modulation scheme.

[0154] Alternatively, the N coverage levels include coverage level 2 and coverage level 3. The PUSCH in coverage level 2 adopts a first modulation method, and the PUSCH in coverage level 3 adopts a second modulation method. The energy consumption of the first modulation method is less than that of the second modulation method.

[0155] It should be understood that coverage level 2 corresponds to the sixth random access resource set, and coverage level 3 corresponds to the seventh random access resource set.

[0156] Table 3 shows an example of the modulation scheme for PUSCH corresponding to different coverage levels, i.e., an example of PUSCH modulation indication information. It should be understood that Table 3 is only an example, and this application does not specifically limit the modulation scheme of PUSCH under different coverage levels.

[0157] Table 3

[0158] d) Repetition count indication information for PUSCH

[0159] Used to indicate the number of times PUSCH is repeated.

[0160] It should be understood that low coverage levels have good signal quality, so fewer repetitions can be used, reducing network resource overhead. High coverage levels have poor signal quality, requiring more repetitions. The receiver improves the signal-to-noise ratio by combining signals, thereby improving uplink transmission performance and meeting the requirements for deep coverage.

[0161] The number of PUSCH repetitions for random access resource sets is not exactly the same under different coverage levels. Specifically, among N coverage levels, at least two coverage levels have different numbers of PUSCH repetitions; or, among N random access resource sets, at least two random access resource sets have different numbers of PUSCH repetitions.

[0162] For example, N random access resource sets include an eighth random access resource set and a ninth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the eighth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the ninth random access resource set. The number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the eighth random access resource set is the first number, and the number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the ninth random access resource set is the second number. The first number is less than the second number.

[0163] Alternatively, the N coverage levels include coverage level 2 and coverage level 3, where the PUSCH in coverage level 2 uses the first count and the PUSCH in coverage level 3 uses the second count, with the first count being less than the second count.

[0164] It should be understood that coverage level 2 corresponds to the eighth random access resource set, and coverage level 3 corresponds to the ninth random access resource set.

[0165] Table 4 shows an example of the number of PUSCH repetitions for different coverage levels, i.e., an example of PUSCH repetition count indication information. It should be understood that Table 4 is only an example, and this application does not specifically limit the number of PUSCH repetitions under different coverage levels.

[0166] Table 4

[0167] Where 1≤N rep,1 <N rep,2 <N rep,3 <N rep,4 .

[0168] e) PUSCH signal bandwidth indication information

[0169] The signal bandwidth used to indicate PUSCH.

[0170] It should be understood that low coverage levels have good signal quality, allowing for the use of larger signal bandwidth and improved transmission efficiency. High coverage levels have poor signal quality, requiring smaller signal bandwidth. Since the maximum uplink transmit power is limited, a smaller signal bandwidth at the same transmit power can achieve a higher power spectral density, significantly improving coverage performance and thus meeting the requirements for deep coverage. Optionally, the signal bandwidth of the preamble can be agreed to be the same as that of the PUSCH signal.

[0171] Under different coverage levels, the PUSCH signal bandwidth of random access resource sets is not exactly the same. Specifically, among N coverage levels, at least two coverage levels have different PUSCH signal bandwidths; or, among N random access resource sets, at least two random access resource sets have different PUSCH signal bandwidths.

[0172] For example, the N random access resource sets include a tenth random access resource set and an eleventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the tenth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the eleventh random access resource set. The PUSCH signal bandwidth in the tenth random access resource set is a first bandwidth, and the PUSCH signal bandwidth in the eleventh random access resource set is a second bandwidth. The first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0173] Alternatively, the N coverage levels include coverage level 2 and coverage level 3, where the PUSCH in coverage level 2 uses a first bandwidth and the PUSCH in coverage level 3 uses a second bandwidth, and the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0174] It should be understood that coverage level 2 corresponds to the tenth random access resource set, and coverage level 3 corresponds to the eleventh random access resource set.

[0175] Table 5 shows an example of PUSCH signal bandwidth corresponding to different coverage levels, i.e., an example of PUSCH signal bandwidth indication information. It should be understood that Table 5 is only an example, and this application does not specifically limit the PUSCH signal bandwidth under different coverage levels.

[0176] Table 5

[0177] f) DMRS configuration information

[0178] Used to indicate the number and / or location of DMRS.

[0179] It should be understood that low coverage levels with good signal quality can utilize a sparser DMRS, as shown in example 1 / 6 of Table 6, which can reduce network resource overhead. High coverage levels with poor signal quality require a denser DMRS, as shown in example 1 / 4 of Table 6, which can improve channel estimation accuracy and thus improve uplink transmission performance, meeting the requirements for deep coverage.

[0180] The position of the DMRS symbol relative to the data symbol can be defined. The number of DMRS symbols can be indicated by the ratio of DMRS symbols to data symbols over a certain time period and / or the number of DMRS symbols inserted each time, where the number of DMRS symbols inserted each time can be defined. For example, assuming the number of DMRS symbols inserted each time is defined as 1, then 1 / 4 means inserting 1 DMRS symbol in every 4 data symbols, and 1 / 6 means inserting 1 DMRS symbol in every 6 data symbols. For example, assuming the number of DMRS symbols inserted each time is defined as 2, then 1 / 4 means inserting 2 DMRS symbols in every 8 data symbols, and 1 / 6 means inserting 2 DMRS symbols in every 12 data symbols.

[0181] The DMRS configuration of random access resource sets is not exactly the same under different coverage levels. Specifically, among N coverage levels, at least two coverage levels have different DMRS configurations; or, among N random access resource sets, at least two random access resource sets have different DMRS configurations.

[0182] For example, N random access resource sets include a twelfth random access resource set and a thirteenth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the twelfth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the thirteenth random access resource set. The DMRS density in the twelfth random access resource set is a first density, and the DMRS density in the thirteenth random access resource set is a second density. The first density is lower than the second density.

[0183] Alternatively, the N coverage levels include coverage level 1 and coverage level 2, where the DMRS density of coverage level 1 is the first density, and the DMRS density of coverage level 3 is the second density, with the first density being less than the second density.

[0184] It should be understood that coverage level 1 corresponds to the twelfth random access resource set, and coverage level 2 corresponds to the thirteenth random access resource set.

[0185] Table 6 shows an example of DMRS configuration for different coverage levels, i.e., an example of DMRS configuration information. It should be understood that Table 6 is only an example, and this application does not specifically limit the DMRS configuration information under different coverage levels.

[0186] Table 6

[0187] In summary, Table 7 provides an example of configuration information for a set of N random access resources. It should be understood that Table 7 is merely an example, and this application does not specifically limit the configuration information for random access resource sets under different coverage levels.

[0188] Table 7

[0189] S502, the network device sends the configuration information of the N random access resource sets to the terminal device; correspondingly, the terminal device receives the configuration information of the N random access resource sets.

[0190] S503, the terminal device determines the first random access resource set according to the coverage level of the terminal device, and sends the random access frame according to one random access resource in the first random access resource set.

[0191] Specifically, the terminal device randomly selects a random access resource from the set of random access resources corresponding to the coverage level to initiate random access, that is, sends a random access frame.

[0192] Optionally, each resource set index can correspond to a coverage level or a repetition level. Resource set indices can start from 0 and increment sequentially. A random access resource set with index 0 corresponds to a low coverage level, and random access resource sets with indices greater than 0 correspond to a high coverage level. The configuration parameters for each random access resource set include Preamble sequence indication information and at least one of the following: coding indication information, modulation indication information, signal bandwidth configuration information, repetition count indication information, and DMRS configuration information. For at least two coverage levels, the values ​​of these parameters are different.

[0193] Optionally, before step S503, the terminal device also needs to determine its own coverage level, specifically including the following steps:

[0194] S504: The network device sends power thresholds corresponding to N coverage levels to the terminal device.

[0195] Specifically, each coverage level corresponds to a power threshold. For example, coverage levels 0, 1, 2, and 3 correspond to the first power threshold, the second power threshold, the third power threshold, and the fourth power threshold, respectively.

[0196] S505: The network device sends a first signal to the terminal device; correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first signal.

[0197] Optionally, the signal can be a synchronization signal or a reference signal sent by the network device. Examples include the synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) or tracking reference signal (TRS) or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) in a 5G NR communication system.

[0198] S506, the terminal device determines the coverage level based on the received power of the first signal and the power thresholds corresponding to the N coverage levels.

[0199] For example, if the received power of the first signal measured by the terminal device is less than the first power threshold corresponding to coverage level 0, the terminal device determines the coverage level to be 0.

[0200] It should be understood that the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0201] It should also be understood that, in the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0202] It should also be understood that in some of the above embodiments, exemplary descriptions have been provided using devices in existing network architectures (such as terminal devices or network devices). It should be understood that the specific form of the device is not limited in the embodiments of this application. For example, any device that can achieve the same function in the future is applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0203] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is implemented in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0204] The communication device provided in this application is described in detail below with reference to Figures 6 to 8. It should be understood that the description of the device embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for details not described in detail, please refer to the method embodiments above; for brevity, some details are omitted.

[0205] This application embodiment can divide the transmitting or receiving device into functional modules according to the above method examples. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional modules, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. It should be noted that the module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. The following description uses the division of functional modules according to each function as an example.

[0206] Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1100 provided in an embodiment of this application. The device 1100 includes a transceiver module 1110 and a processing module 1120. The transceiver module 1110 can implement corresponding communication functions, and the processing module 1120 is used for data processing. In other words, the transceiver module 1110 is used to perform operations related to receiving and sending, while the processing module 1120 is used to perform other operations besides receiving and sending. The transceiver module 1110 can also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit.

[0207] Optionally, the device 1100 may further include a storage module 1130, which can be used to store instructions and / or data. The processing module 1120 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage module to enable the device to perform the operation of the device in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0208] In one design, the device 1100 may correspond to the terminal device in the above method embodiments.

[0209] The device 1100 can implement the steps or processes corresponding to those executed by the terminal device in the above method embodiments. The transceiver module 1100 can be used to perform transceiver-related operations of the terminal device in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1100 can be used to perform processing-related operations of the terminal device in the above method embodiments.

[0210] When the device 1100 is used to execute the method in FIG5, the transceiver module 1110 can be used to execute the step of sending and receiving information in the method.

[0211] It should be understood that the specific process of each unit performing the above-mentioned corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0212] In another design, the device 1100 may correspond to a network device in the above method embodiments, or a component of a network device (such as a chip).

[0213] The device 1100 can implement the steps or processes performed by the network device corresponding to the method embodiment above. The transceiver module 1110 can be used to perform the transceiver-related operations of the network device in the method embodiment above, and the processing module 1120 can be used to perform the processing-related operations of the network device in the method embodiment above.

[0214] When the device 1100 is used to execute the method in FIG8, the transceiver module 1110 can be used to execute the step of sending and receiving information in the method. The processing module 1120 can be used to execute the processing step in the method.

[0215] It should be understood that the specific process of each unit performing the above-mentioned corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0216] It should also be understood that the device 1100 here is embodied in the form of a functional module. The term "module" here can refer to application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), electronic circuits, processors (e.g., shared processors, proprietary processors, or group processors, etc.) and memories for executing one or more software or firmware programs, integrated logic circuits, and / or other suitable components supporting the described functions. In an alternative example, those skilled in the art will understand that the device 1100 may specifically be a terminal device in the above embodiments, used to execute the various processes and / or steps corresponding to the terminal device in the above method embodiments; or, the device 1100 may specifically be a network device in the above embodiments, used to execute the various processes and / or steps corresponding to the network device in the above method embodiments. To avoid repetition, further details are omitted here.

[0217] The apparatus 1100 of each of the above-described solutions has the function of implementing the corresponding steps performed by the devices (such as terminal devices, network devices) in the above-described methods. This function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-described functions; for example, the transceiver module can be replaced by a transceiver (for example, the sending unit in the transceiver module can be replaced by a transmitter, and the receiving unit in the transceiver module can be replaced by a receiver), and other units, such as processing modules, can be replaced by processors, which respectively execute the transceiver operations and related processing operations in each method embodiment.

[0218] In addition, the transceiver module 1110 can also be a transceiver circuit (for example, it may include a receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit), and the processing module 1120 can be a processing circuit.

[0219] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another communication device 1200 provided in an embodiment of this application. The device 1200 includes a processor 1210, which executes computer programs or instructions stored in a memory 1220, or reads data / signaling stored in the memory 1220, to perform the methods in the above-described method embodiments. Optionally, there may be one or more processors 1210.

[0220] Optionally, as shown in FIG7, the device 1200 further includes a memory 1220 for storing computer programs or instructions and / or data. The memory 1220 may be integrated with the processor 1210 or may be disposed separately. Optionally, there may be one or more memories 1220.

[0221] Optionally, as shown in FIG7, the device 1200 further includes a transceiver 1230 for receiving and / or transmitting signals. For example, the processor 1210 is used to control the transceiver 1230 to receive and / or transmit signals.

[0222] As one option, the device 1200 is used to implement the operations performed by the terminal device in the various method embodiments described above.

[0223] As an alternative, the device 1200 is used to implement the operations performed by the network device in the various method embodiments described above.

[0224] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0225] It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM includes the following forms: static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0226] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0227] It should also be noted that the memory described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0228] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a chip system 1300 provided in an embodiment of this application. The chip system 1300 (or may also be called a processing system) includes logic circuitry 1310 and an input / output interface 1320.

[0229] The logic circuit 1310 can be a processing circuit in the chip system 1300. The logic circuit 1310 can be coupled to a memory unit, calling instructions from the memory unit, enabling the chip system 1300 to implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of this application. The input / output interface 1320 can be an input / output circuit in the chip system 1300, outputting processed information from the chip system 1300, or inputting data or signaling information to be processed into the chip system 1300 for processing.

[0230] As one solution, the chip system 1300 is used to implement the operations performed by the terminal device and network device in the various method embodiments described above.

[0231] For example, logic circuit 1310 is used to implement processing-related operations performed by the terminal device and network device in the above method embodiments; input / output interface 1320 is used to implement sending and / or receiving-related operations performed by the terminal device and network device in the above method embodiments.

[0232] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for implementing the methods executed by a terminal device and a network device in the above-described method embodiments.

[0233] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, it enables the computer to implement the methods executed by the terminal device or network device in the various embodiments of the above methods.

[0234] This application also provides a computer program product comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, implement the methods performed by the terminal device and network device in the above-described method embodiments.

[0235] This application also provides a communication system, including the aforementioned terminal device and network device.

[0236] The explanations and beneficial effects of the relevant contents in any of the devices provided above can be found in the corresponding method embodiments provided above, and will not be repeated here.

[0237] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of apparatus or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0238] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0239] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0240] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0241] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0242] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0243] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0244] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for random access, characterized in that, Applied to terminal devices, including: Receive configuration information for N random access resource sets, wherein each of the N random access resource sets corresponds one-to-one with N coverage levels, and the configuration information for different random access resource sets among the N random access resource sets is different, and the N random access resource sets include a first random access resource set; The random access resource set includes at least one random access resource, which is used to send random access frames. The random access frames are used by the terminal device to access the network device. The different random access resources in the random access resource set include different single carriers in the frequency domain. The first random access resource set is determined based on the coverage level of the terminal device; The random access frame is sent according to one of the random access resources in the first set of random access resources.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The random access frame includes at least one of a preamble, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). The configuration information of the N random access resource sets includes at least one of the following: Preamble sequence indication information is used to indicate the preamble sequence corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets; The PUSCH coding indication information is used to indicate the channel coding configuration corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets. The channel coding configuration includes whether the PUSCH enables channel coding and the code rate at which the PUSCH performs channel coding. The modulation indication information of PUSCH is used to indicate the modulation mode of PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; The PUSCH repetition count indication information is used to indicate the number of times the PUSCH is repeated for different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets; PUSCH signal bandwidth indication information is used to indicate the signal bandwidth of PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; DMRS configuration information is used to indicate the number and / or location of DMRSs corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a second random access resource set and a third random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the second random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the third random access resource set. The preamble sequence length corresponding to the second random access resource set is a first length, and the preamble sequence length corresponding to the third random access resource set is a second length. The first length is less than the second length.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a fourth random access resource set and a fifth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the fourth random access resource set is lower than that corresponding to the fifth random access resource set. The PUSCH in the fourth random access resource set does not enable channel coding or uses a first code rate for channel coding. The PUSCH in the fifth random access resource set uses a second code rate for channel coding. The first code rate is greater than the second code rate.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a sixth random access resource set and a seventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the sixth random access resource set is lower than that corresponding to the seventh random access resource set. The PUSCH in the sixth random access resource set adopts a first modulation scheme, and the PUSCH in the seventh random access resource set adopts a second modulation scheme. The energy consumption of the first modulation scheme is lower than that of the second modulation scheme.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include an eighth random access resource set and a ninth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the eighth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the ninth random access resource set. The number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the eighth random access resource set is the first count, and the number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the ninth random access resource set is the second count. The first count is less than the second count.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a tenth random access resource set and an eleventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the tenth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the eleventh random access resource set. The PUSCH signal bandwidth in the tenth random access resource set is a first bandwidth, and the PUSCH signal bandwidth in the eleventh random access resource set is a second bandwidth. The first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a twelfth random access resource set and a thirteenth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the twelfth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the thirteenth random access resource set. The DMRS density in the twelfth random access resource set is a first density, and the DMRS density in the thirteenth random access resource set is a second density. The first density is lower than the second density.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive a first signal from the network device; The coverage level of the terminal device is determined based on the received power of the first signal.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Determining the coverage level of the terminal device based on the received power of the first signal includes: Receive the power thresholds corresponding to the N coverage levels; The coverage level of the terminal device is determined based on the received power of the first signal and the power thresholds corresponding to the N coverage levels.

11. A method for random access, characterized in that, Applied to network devices, including: The configuration information of N random access resource sets is determined, and the N random access resource sets correspond one-to-one with N coverage levels. The configuration information of different random access resource sets in the N random access resource sets is different. The random access resource set includes at least one random access resource, which is used by the terminal device to send a random access frame. The random access frame is used by the terminal device to access the network device. The different random access resources in the random access resource set include different single carriers in the frequency domain. Send the configuration information for the N random access resource sets.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The random access frame includes at least one of a preamble, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). The configuration information of the N random access resource sets includes at least one of the following: Preamble sequence indication information is used to indicate the preamble sequence corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets; The PUSCH coding indication information is used to indicate the channel coding configuration corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets. The channel coding configuration includes whether the PUSCH enables channel coding and the code rate at which the PUSCH performs channel coding. The modulation indication information of PUSCH is used to indicate the modulation mode of PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; The PUSCH repetition count indication information is used to indicate the number of times the PUSCH is repeated for different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets; PUSCH signal bandwidth indication information is used to indicate the signal bandwidth of PUSCH corresponding to different random access configuration sets in the N random access configuration sets; DMRS configuration information is used to indicate the number and / or location of DMRSs corresponding to different random access configuration sets among the N random access configuration sets.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a second random access resource set and a third random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the second random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the third random access resource set. The preamble sequence length corresponding to the second random access resource set is a first length, and the preamble sequence length corresponding to the third random access resource set is a second length. The first length is less than the second length.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a fourth random access resource set and a fifth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the fourth random access resource set is lower than that corresponding to the fifth random access resource set. The PUSCH in the fourth random access resource set does not enable channel coding or uses a first code rate for channel coding. The PUSCH in the fifth random access resource set uses a second code rate for channel coding. The first code rate is greater than the second code rate.

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a sixth random access resource set and a seventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the sixth random access resource set is lower than that corresponding to the seventh random access resource set. The PUSCH in the sixth random access resource set adopts a first modulation scheme, and the PUSCH in the seventh random access resource set adopts a second modulation scheme. The energy consumption of the first modulation scheme is lower than that of the second modulation scheme.

16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include an eighth random access resource set and a ninth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the eighth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the ninth random access resource set. The number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the eighth random access resource set is the first count, and the number of times the PUSCH is repeated in the ninth random access resource set is the second count. The first count is less than the second count.

17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a tenth random access resource set and an eleventh random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the tenth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the eleventh random access resource set. The PUSCH signal bandwidth in the tenth random access resource set is a first bandwidth, and the PUSCH signal bandwidth in the eleventh random access resource set is a second bandwidth. The first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that, The N random access resource sets include a twelfth random access resource set and a thirteenth random access resource set. The coverage level corresponding to the twelfth random access resource set is lower than the coverage level corresponding to the thirteenth random access resource set. The DMRS density in the twelfth random access resource set is a first density, and the DMRS density in the thirteenth random access resource set is a second density. The first density is lower than the second density.

19. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send the power thresholds corresponding to the N coverage levels; Send the first signal.

20. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes at least one processor, which is configured to execute a computer program or instructions in a memory such that the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 is performed, or that the method of any one of claims 11 to 19 is performed.

21. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when the computer program or instructions are run on a computer, execute the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, or execute the method as described in any one of claims 11 to 19.

22. A computer program product, characterized in that, When the computer program product is run on a computer, the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 is performed, or the method as described in any one of claims 11 to 19 is performed.

23. A chip, characterized in that, The chip is installed in a communication device. The chip includes a processor and a communication interface. The processor reads instructions and runs them through the communication interface, causing the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, or causing the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 11 to 19.

24. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes a terminal device and a network device, wherein the terminal device is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, and the network device is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 11 to 19.

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