Methods of treating subjects having heart failure
Mazdutide administration in escalating and maintenance doses addresses the limitations of current HFpEF and HFmrEF treatments by targeting metabolic disorders, achieving significant weight loss and improved cardiac function in obese patients.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INNOVENT BIOLOGICS (SUZHOU) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-02
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) are limited, particularly in obese patients, and do not effectively address the underlying metabolic disorders, leading to significant unmet needs in cardiology.
Administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in escalating and maintenance doses to subjects with HFpEF or HFmrEF, ranging from 2 mg to 6 mg weekly, to target metabolic disorders and improve cardiac function.
Mazdutide effectively reduces body weight, increases energy expenditure, and improves clinical outcomes by increasing LVEF, enhancing walking distance, and reducing NT-proBNP levels, thereby ameliorating heart failure symptoms and delaying its progression.
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Figure PCTCN2025144390-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025144390-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025144390-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
METHODS OF TREATING SUBJECTS HAVING HEART FAILURE1. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to PCT application No. PCT / CN2024 / 141329, filed on December 23, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 2. REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] The contents of the electronic sequence listing (701672001941SEQLIST. xml; Size: 3,306 bytes; and Date of Creation: December 8, 2025) is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.3. Field
[0003] The present invention relates to methods of using Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the treatment of subjects having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) .4. Background
[0004] Heart Failure (HF) is a multi-faceted and life-threatening syndrome hemodynamic disorder, or the inability of the heart pump function to meet the circulation demand, and reduced ejection fraction. Heart failure can be classified by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) : 1) HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) –symptomatic HF with LVEF ≤40%, 2) HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) –symptomatic HF with LVEF 41-49% (previously labeled as HF with mid-range ejection fraction) , 3) HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) –symptomatic HF with LVEF ≥50%, and 4) HF with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) –a new classification which is distinctly defined as symptomatic HF with a baseline LVEF ≤40%, a ≥10-point increase from baseline LVEF, and a second measurement of LVEF >40%.
[0005] HFpEF is a clinical syndrome characterized by heart failure-related symptoms and normal or near-normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF > 50%) while left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) increases. The clinical manifestations and clinical outcomes of some patients with HFmrEF are similar to those with HFpEF. This increased LV filling pressure can be measured directly by cardiac catheterization or indirectly assessed by echocardiography. The diagnosis of HFpEF / HFmrEF also includes changes in cardiac structure and function on echocardiography and evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The prevalence of HFpEF has increased over the past few decades and now exceeds HFrEF. Heart failure, including HFpEF / HFmrEF, remains a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality. To date, pharmacological interventions for HFpEF / HFmrEF are limited, and currently only Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2i) drugs are recommended for patients with HFpEF / HFmrEF to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization. Since current treatments for heart failure do not directly target metabolic disorders, HFpEF / HFmrEF represents one of the largest unmet needs in cardiology today.
[0006] Obesity is an important risk factor for HFpEF and is closely related to the development of HFpEF. Obesity may affect cardiac function through multiple mechanisms, including mechanical stress, volume overload, endocrine and metabolic abnormalities, and changes in inflammatory status. Together, these factors lead to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and impaired diastolic function, whereas the systolic function of the heart may remain unchanged. Studies have shown that more than 83%of HFpEF patients are overweight or obese. In addition, obesity is associated with systemic inflammation and increases the risk of multiple comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, for patients with HFpEF, weight management and weight loss may be one of the important strategies to improve symptoms and quality of life.
[0007] There remains significant unmet needs for safe and effective therapies for treatment of HFpEF / HFmrEF, particularly in obese patients. The compositions and methods provided herein meet these needs and provide relative advantages.5. Summary
[0008] Provided herein in one aspect are methods of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0009] Provided herein in another aspect are methods of treating heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0010] Provided herein in another aspect are methods of delaying or ameliorating heart failure in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the subject has a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that is at least about 40%.
[0011] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg to about 8 mg, about 2 mg to about 6 mg, e.g., about 2 mg, about 4 mg, or about 6 mg.
[0012] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the method comprises a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, optionally wherein the escalating dose of about 2.0 mg is administered for at least 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly is administered for at least 4 to 48 weeks, e.g. at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.
[0013] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 32 weeks, optionally wherein the method comprises a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 48 weeks.
[0014] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the method comprises a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, and wherein the second escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly is administered for at least 4 to 48 weeks, e.g. at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 28 weeks, optionally wherein the method comprises a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 44 weeks.
[0015] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that is at least about 45%, optionally wherein the subject has a LVEF of about any of 45%to 50%, 50%to 55%, 55%to 60%, 60%to 65%, 65%to 70%, or above 70%.
[0016] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 28 kg / m2, optionally wherein the subject has a BMI of at least about any of 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2, or 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2, optionally wherein the subject has a NT-proBNP of at least about 200 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of no more than or less than about 35 kg / m2, optionally wherein the subject has a NT-proBNP of at least about 125 pg / mL.
[0017] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of less than about 9.5%, e.g., less than about any of 9.0%, 8.5%, 8.0%, or 7.5%.
[0018] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has Type 2 diabetes.
[0019] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject does not have Type 2 diabetes.
[0020] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment.
[0021] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject does not have atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment.
[0022] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has a New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or HYHA Class III heart failure at baseline.
[0023] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has a) a baseline 6-minute walking test result of at least about 100 meters and no more than about 450 meters, and / or b) a baseline KCCQ-CSS of less than about 80.
[0024] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has been subject to a prior treatment for heart failure. In some embodiments, the prior treatment for heart failure is selected from the group consisting of a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , and an mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) . In some embodiments, the prior treatment is a SGLT2 inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is dapagliflozin or empagliflozin.
[0025] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject is subject to a second agent during treatment. In some embodiments, the second agent is selected from the group consisting of a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , and an mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) . In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior SLGT2 inhibitor and is subject to the same SLGT2 inhibitor during treatment at the same dose.
[0026] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the method further comprising determining if the subject has heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) .
[0027] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has been diagnosed as having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) . In some embodiments, the method further comprising selecting the subject for treatment based upon the diagnosis of the HFpEF or HFmrEF.6. Detailed Description
[0028] The present disclosure provides methods for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly. In one aspect, there is provided a method for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 32 weeks, e.g., at least about 48 weeks) . In another aspect, there is provided a method for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 28 weeks, e.g., at least about 44 weeks) .Heart failure
[0029] Nearly half of all patients with heart failure have a normal ejection fraction (EF) . The prevalence of this type of heart failure, termed heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) , continues to increase in the developed world. Although systolic function is relatively preserved, individuals with HFpEF typically exhibit subtle abnormalities in systolic performance, which become more dramatic during exercise. Limited stroke volume reserve and chronotropic incompetence markedly limit cardiac output in response to exercise. Mechanical dyssynchrony is common even though electrical dyssynchrony is not. Atrial fibrillation is extremely common in HFpEF (seen at some point in two-thirds of patients) and poorly tolerated because of the importance of LA contractile function in maintaining adequate LV chamber filling.
[0030] The clinical manifestations and clinical outcomes of some patients with HFmrEF are similar to those with HFpEF, but differ in left ventricular ejection fraction. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the main parameters used to diagnose, treat, and predict the prognosis of heart failure. Whereas HFpEF patients have at least 50%LVEF, HFmrEF patients have between 41%and 49%LVEF.
[0031] Currently, the FDA-approved treatments for HFpEF primarily include sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) such as empagliflozin (Jardiance) and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) like sacubitril-valsartan (Entresto) . In 2020, the FDA approved (dapagliflozin) in the US to reduce the risk of cardiovascular (CV) death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with heart failure (NYHA class II-IV) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) . Limitations of current approved medications for HFpEF and HFmrEF include a lack of robust evidence for their efficacy in improving clinical outcomes, potential for adverse effects, and the heterogeneity of HFpEF pathophysiology. Furthermore, current treatments primarily aim to manage symptoms and reduce hospitalizations, rather than addressing the underlying pathology of HFpEF.Oxyntomodulin (OXM) and Mazdutide
[0032] Oxyntomodulin (OXM) is a peptide hormone released by human intestinal L-cells following nutrient intake, which functions as a dual agonist for both the GLP-1R and GCGR receptors. This unique combination of GLP-1R and GCGR activation harnesses the thermogenic and lipolytic effects of glucagon while also benefiting from the gastric emptying-delaying properties of GLP-1. As such, these dual agonists not only promote significant weight loss but also counteract the glucose-raising effects of glucagon through the insulinotropic effects of GLP-1, thereby achieving effective glycemic control. In human studies, the in vivo administration of OXM significantly reduces body weight and appetite while increasing energy expenditure. Mazdutide is a long-acting synthetic peptide that closely resembles OXM. As an analog of OXM, Mazdutide acts by the simultaneous activation of GLP-1R and GCGR. The fatty acyl side chain on Mazdutide enables it to be administered once weekly (QW) , enhances convenience and compliance for patients.
[0033] Before the present disclosure is further described, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiments set forth herein, and it is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. Definitions
[0034] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in the present disclosures shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. Generally, nomenclatures used in connection with, and techniques of, cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, genetics and protein and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described herein are those well-known and commonly used in the art.
[0035] The term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “an antibody, ” is understood to represent one or more antibodies.
[0036] The term “and / or” where used herein is to be taken as specific disclosure of each of the two specified features or components with or without the other. Thus, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A and / or B” herein is intended to include “A and B, ” “A or B, ” “A” (alone) , and B” (alone) . Likewise, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following aspects: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0037] As used herein, the term “about” is used to indicate that a value includes the inherent variation of error for the device, the method being employed to determine the value, or the variation that exists among the study subjects. The term “about” encompasses the exact number recited. In some embodiments, “about” means within plus or minus 10%of a given value or range. In some embodiments, “about” means that the variation is ±5%, ±4%, ±3%, ±2%, ±1%, ±0.5%, ±0.2%, or ±0.1%of the value to which “about” refers. In some embodiments, “about” means that the variation is ±1%, ±0.5%, ±0.2%, or ±0.1%of the value to which “about” refers.
[0038] The terms “polypeptide, ” “peptide, ” “protein, ” and their grammatical equivalents as used interchangeably herein refer to polymers of amino acids of any length, which can be linear or branched. It can include unnatural or modified amino acids or be interrupted by non-amino acids. A polypeptide, peptide, or protein can also be modified with, for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or any other manipulation or modification.
[0039] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to a substance (e.g., an active ingredient or an excipient) that is suitable for use in contact with the tissues and organs of a subject without excessive irritation, allergic response, immunogenicity and toxicity, is commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio, and is effective for its intended use. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a material that is suitable for drug administration to a subject along with an active agent without causing undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the pharmaceutical composition.
[0040] The term “treat” and its grammatical equivalents as used herein in connection with a disease or a condition, or a subject having a disease or a condition refer to an action that suppresses, eliminates, reduces, and / or ameliorates a symptom, the severity of the symptom, and / or the frequency of the symptom associated with the disease or disorder being treated.
[0041] The term “administer” and its grammatical equivalents as used herein refer to the act of delivering, or causing to be delivered, a therapeutic or a pharmaceutical composition to the body of a subject by a method described herein or otherwise known in the art. Administering a therapeutic or a pharmaceutical composition includes prescribing a therapeutic or a pharmaceutical composition to be delivered into the body of a subject. Exemplary forms of administration include oral dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions; injectable dosage forms, such as intravenous (IV) , intramuscular (IM) , or intraperitoneal (IP) ; transdermal dosage forms, including creams, jellies, powders, or patches; buccal dosage forms; inhalation powders, sprays, suspensions, and rectal suppositories.
[0042] The term “subject” as used herein refers to any animal (e.g., a mammal) , including, but not limited to, humans, non-human primates, canines, felines, rodents, and the like, which is to be the recipient of a particular treatment. A subject can be a human. A subject can have a particular disease or condition.
[0043] Ranges: throughout this disclosure, various aspects of the invention can be presented in a range format. The description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 2.7, 3, 4, 5, 5.3, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.
[0044] Exemplary genes and polypeptides are described herein with reference to GenBank numbers, GI numbers and / or SEQ ID NOS. It is understood that one skilled in the art can readily identify homologous sequences by reference to sequence sources, including but not limited to GenBank (ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / genbank / ) and EMBL (embl. org / ) . Treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF)
[0045] The present disclosure provides methods for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0046] The present application also provides methods of delaying or ameliorating heart failure in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that is at least about 40%. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that is at least about 45%, optionally wherein the subject has a LVEF of about any of 45%to 50%, 50%to 55%, 55%to 60%, 60%to 65%, 65%to 70%, or above 70%. In some embodiments, delaying or ameliorating heart failure in a subject in need thereof comprises at least any of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10 or more of a) increasing Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS) (e.g., increasing at least 5, 10, or 15 points) , b) increasing in 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) distance from baseline, c) reducing body weight and / or body mass index (BMI) from baseline, d) increasing the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (KCCQ-OSS) score (e.g., increasing at least 5, 10, or 15 points) , e) increasing KCCQ subcategory scores (symptom score, activity limitation score, social limitation score, health-related quality of life) , f) increasing time to first heart failure event resulting in hospitalization or emergency department visit, g) reducing N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBN) level, h) reducing hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) , i) achieving a decrease in severity of heart failure as classified by New York heart association (NYHA) classification (e.g., NYHA II to NYHA I, e.g., NYHA III to NYHA II, j) achieving an improved in European 5-dimensional health scale (EQ-5D-5L) score, k) delaying the first occurrence of heart failure event after treatment, l) reducing epicardial adiposal fat (EAT) content and / or density, m) reducing fasting glucagon level in the subject, and / or n) reducing occurrence of heart failure.
[0047] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of reducing epicardial adiposal fat (EAT) content and / or density in a subject, comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0048] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of reducing fasting glucagon in a subject, comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0049] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of reducing heart failure occurrence, comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0050] In some embodiments according to the methods described herein, the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly. In one aspect, the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 32 weeks, e.g., at least about 48 weeks) . In another aspect, the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 28 weeks, e.g., at least about 44 weeks) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI≥28kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance of 100 meters to 425 meters. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of less than 80. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 200 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 600 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 125 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 365 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject was not hospitalized due to heart failure within at least about 1 week prior to receiving Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0051] The term “maintenance dose, ” as used herein, refers to the ongoing, regular, or recurrent dosage of a medication or treatment that is administered over an extended period to achieve or maintain a desired therapeutic effect. Maintenance doses can be administered after an initial course of treatment or induction phase has been completed. Maintenance doses can often be used for chronic conditions or to prevent the recurrence of a medical condition. In some embodiment, maintenance doses can be administered for a period of any of at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, at least 52 weeks, at least 56 weeks, or at least 60 weeks. The maintenance dose can be adjusted over time based on the patient’s response to treatment, changes in their health status, or other factors. Thus, in some embodiments, the maintenance dose received by a subject can be adjusted to a higher maintenance dose, or a lower maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens disclosed herein comprise administration of a first maintenance dose for at least four weeks and then a higher second maintenance dose for at least about four weeks. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens disclosed herein comprise administration of a first maintenance dose for at least four weeks and then a lower second maintenance dose for at least about four weeks. The second maintenance dose can be further adjusted as necessary and appropriate.
[0052] In some embodiments, provided herein are dosing regimens that include an escalation dose and a maintenance dose. As used herein, the term “escalation dose” as used herein refers to a temporary dose that is usually lower than the maintenance dose and administered earlier than the maintenance dose. Escalation doses are typically used as the initial or starting dose of the medication, which in itself may be insufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic effect but helps minimizing potential side effects or adverse reactions of the treatment. Escalation doses are typically administered gradually, with incremental increases in the medication dosage over a predetermined period. This approach allows the patient’s body to adjust to the higher dose and helps minimize the risk of adverse reactions. Accordingly, in some embodiments, dosing regimens provided herein include administering an escalation dose before administering the maintenance dose. In some embodiments, dosing regimens provided herein include administering sequentially a first escalation dose, a second escalation dose, a third escalation dose, and a maintenance dose, wherein the third escalation dose is higher than the second escalation dose and lower than the maintenance dose, and wherein the second escalation dose is higher than the first escalation dose and lower than the third escalation dose.
[0053] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about any of 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg is administered for at least about 32 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg is administered for at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI≥28kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance of 100 meters to 425 meters. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of less than 80. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 200 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 600 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 125 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 365 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject was not hospitalized due to heart failure within at least about 1 week prior to receiving Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0054] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about any of 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg is administered for at least about 28 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg is administered for at least about 44 weeks. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI≥28kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance of 100 meters to 425 meters. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of less than 80. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 200 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 600 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 125 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 365 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject was not hospitalized due to heart failure within at least about 1 week prior to receiving Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0055] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about any of 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks (e.g., at least 28 weeks or 44 weeks) , wherein the subject has atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about any of 28 kg / m2 to 29 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2 to 30 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2 to 31 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2 to 32 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2 to 33 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2 to 34 kg / m2, 34 kg / m2 to 35 kg / m2, 35 kg / m2 to 36 kg / m2, 36 kg / m2 to 37 kg / m2, 37 kg / m2 to 38 kg / m2, 38 kg / m2 to 39 kg / m2, 39 kg / m2 to 40 kg / m2 or above 40 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., about any of 45%-50%, 50%-55%, 55%-60%, 60%-65%, 65%-70%, 70%-75%, and / or above 75%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SMWT of at least 100 meters and / or no more than 425 meters (e.g., about 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, and / or 400-425 meters) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline KCCQ-CSS of less than 80 (e.g., any of less than 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, and / or 70-80) . In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old (e.g., at least 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 years old) . In some embodiments, the subject is no more than 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a female after menopause. In some embodiments, the subject has hypertension (e.g., 130-139 / 80-89 mm Hg, e.g., 140 / 90 mmHg or higher) . In some embodiments, the subject does not have hypertension. In some embodiments, the subject has nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject does not have nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject has type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject does not have type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject has coronary artery disease (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, obstructive coronary artery disease, non-obstructive coronary artery disease) . In some embodiments, the subject has obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject does not have obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject has a low FEV1 / FVC ratio (e.g., less than 0.7) . In some embodiments, the subject has sleep apnea (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) , e.g., moderate and / or severe OSA) . In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior treatment for heart failure (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject is subject to a second agent during treatment (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior SLGT2 inhibitor and is subject to the same SLGT2 inhibitor during treatment at the same dose.
[0056] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about any of 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks (e.g., at least 28 weeks or 44 weeks) , wherein the subject does not atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about any of 28 kg / m2 to 29 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2 to 30 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2 to 31 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2 to 32 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2 to 33 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2 to 34 kg / m2, 34 kg / m2 to 35 kg / m2, 35 kg / m2 to 36 kg / m2, 36 kg / m2 to 37 kg / m2, 37 kg / m2 to 38 kg / m2, 38 kg / m2 to 39 kg / m2, 39 kg / m2 to 40 kg / m2 or above 40 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., about any of 45%-50%, 50%-55%, 55%-60%, 60%-65%, 65%-70%, 70%-75%, and / or above 75%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SMWT of at least 100 meters and / or no more than 425 meters (e.g., about 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, and / or 400-425 meters) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline KCCQ-CSS of less than 80 (e.g., any of less than 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, and / or 70-80) . In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old (e.g., at least 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 years old) . In some embodiments, the subject is no more than 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a female after menopause. In some embodiments, the subject has hypertension (e.g., 130-139 / 80-89 mm Hg, e.g., 140 / 90 mmHg or higher) . In some embodiments, the subject does not have hypertension. In some embodiments, the subject has nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject does not have nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject has type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject does not have type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject has coronary artery disease (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, obstructive coronary artery disease, non-obstructive coronary artery disease) . In some embodiments, the subject has obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject does not have obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject has a low FEV1 / FVC ratio (e.g., less than 0.7) . In some embodiments, the subject has sleep apnea (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) , e.g., moderate and / or severe OSA) . In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior treatment for heart failure (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject is subject to a second agent during treatment (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior SLGT2 inhibitor and is subject to the same SLGT2 inhibitor during treatment at the same dose.
[0057] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about any of 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks (e.g., at least 32 weeks or 48 weeks) , wherein the subject has atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about any of 28 kg / m2 to 29 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2 to 30 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2 to 31 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2 to 32 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2 to 33 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2 to 34 kg / m2, 34 kg / m2 to 35 kg / m2, 35 kg / m2 to 36 kg / m2, 36 kg / m2 to 37 kg / m2, 37 kg / m2 to 38 kg / m2, 38 kg / m2 to 39 kg / m2, 39 kg / m2 to 40 kg / m2 or above 40 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., about any of 45%-50%, 50%-55%, 55%-60%, 60%-65%, 65%-70%, 70%-75%, and / or above 75%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SMWT of at least 100 meters and / or no more than 425 meters (e.g., about 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, and / or 400-425 meters) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline KCCQ-CSS of less than 80 (e.g., any of less than 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, and / or 70-80) . In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old (e.g., at least 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 years old) . In some embodiments, the subject is no more than 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a female after menopause. In some embodiments, the subject has hypertension (e.g., 130-139 / 80-89 mm Hg, e.g., 140 / 90 mmHg or higher) . In some embodiments, the subject does not have hypertension. In some embodiments, the subject has nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject does not have nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject has type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject does not have type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject has coronary artery disease (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, obstructive coronary artery disease, non-obstructive coronary artery disease) . In some embodiments, the subject has obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject does not have obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject has a low FEV1 / FVC ratio (e.g., less than 0.7) . In some embodiments, the subject has sleep apnea (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) , e.g., moderate and / or severe OSA) . In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior treatment for heart failure (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject is subject to a second agent during treatment (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior SLGT2 inhibitor and is subject to the same SLGT2 inhibitor during treatment at the same dose.
[0058] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about any of 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks (e.g., at least 32 weeks or 48 weeks) , wherein the subject does not atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about any of 28 kg / m2 to 29 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2 to 30 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2 to 31 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2 to 32 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2 to 33 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2 to 34 kg / m2, 34 kg / m2 to 35 kg / m2, 35 kg / m2 to 36 kg / m2, 36 kg / m2 to 37 kg / m2, 37 kg / m2 to 38 kg / m2, 38 kg / m2 to 39 kg / m2, 39 kg / m2 to 40 kg / m2 or above 40 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., about any of 45%-50%, 50%-55%, 55%-60%, 60%-65%, 65%-70%, 70%-75%, and / or above 75%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SMWT of at least 100 meters and / or no more than 425 meters (e.g., about 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, and / or 400-425 meters) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline KCCQ-CSS of less than 80 (e.g., any of less than 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, and / or 70-80) . In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old (e.g., at least 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 years old) . In some embodiments, the subject is no more than 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a female after menopause. In some embodiments, the subject has hypertension (e.g., 130-139 / 80-89 mm Hg, e.g., 140 / 90 mmHg or higher) . In some embodiments, the subject does not have hypertension. In some embodiments, the subject has nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject does not have nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject has type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject does not have type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject has coronary artery disease (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, obstructive coronary artery disease, non-obstructive coronary artery disease) . In some embodiments, the subject has obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject does not have obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject has a low FEV1 / FVC ratio (e.g., less than 0.7) . In some embodiments, the subject has sleep apnea (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) , e.g., moderate and / or severe OSA) . In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior treatment for heart failure (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or an mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject is subject to a second agent during treatment (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior SLGT2 inhibitor and is subject to the same SLGT2 inhibitor during treatment at the same dose.
[0059] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about any of 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks (e.g., at least 28 weeks or 44 weeks) , wherein the individual has Type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a baseline HbA1c of at least about any of 7.0%, 7.5%, 8.0%, 8.5%or 9.0%. In some embodiments, the individual has a baseline HbA1c of at least about any of 9.0%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, or 11%. In some embodiments, the individual has a baseline HbA1c of about any of 7.0%-7.5%, 7.5%-8.0%, 8.0%-8.5%, 8.5%-9.0%, 9.0%-9.5%, 9.5%-10.0%, 10.0%-10.5%, and / or 10.5%-11%or above. In some embodiments, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to a prior metformin therapy (e.g., a prior metformin monotherapy) . In some embodiments, the type 2 diabetes is refractory to a prior combination treatment of metformin and a second agent, wherein the second agent is an oral antidiabetic agent. In some embodiments, the oral antidiabetic agent is selected from the group consisting of a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, a thiazolidinedione, and a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the subject is further administered with metformin. In some embodiments, the subject is further administered with an agent that is not metformin. In some embodiments, the subject is further administered with both a metformin (e.g., with a dose described herein) and the agent. In some embodiments, the agent is selected from the group consisting of a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, a thiazolidinedione (e.g., a rosiglitazone or a pioglitazone) , and a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is amaryl, chlorpropamide, DiaBeta, Diabinese, glimepiride, glipizide, Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL, glyburide, Glynase, Glynase PresTab, Minodiab, Orinase, tolazamide, tolbutamide, or Tolinase. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, henagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the subject has nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject does not have nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject has atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject does not have atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about any of 28 kg / m2 to 29 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2 to 30 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2 to 31 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2 to 32 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2 to 33 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2 to 34 kg / m2, 34 kg / m2 to 35 kg / m2, 35 kg / m2 to 36 kg / m2, 36 kg / m2 to 37 kg / m2, 37 kg / m2 to 38 kg / m2, 38 kg / m2 to 39 kg / m2, 39 kg / m2 to 40 kg / m2 or above 40 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., about any of 45%-50%, 50%-55%, 55%-60%, 60%-65%, 65%-70%, 70%-75%, and / or above 75%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SMWT of at least 100 meters and / or no more than 425 meters (e.g., about 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, and / or 400-425 meters) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline KCCQ-CSS of less than 80 (e.g., any of less than 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, and / or 70-80) . In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old (e.g., at least 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 years old) . In some embodiments, the subject is no more than 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a female after menopause. In some embodiments, the subject has hypertension (e.g., 130-139 / 80-89 mm Hg, e.g., 140 / 90 mmHg or higher) . In some embodiments, the subject does not have hypertension. In some embodiments, the subject has nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject does not have nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject has type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject does not have type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject has coronary artery disease (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, obstructive coronary artery disease, non-obstructive coronary artery disease) . In some embodiments, the subject has obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject does not have obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject has a low FEV1 / FVC ratio (e.g., less than 0.7) . In some embodiments, the subject has sleep apnea (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) , e.g., moderate and / or severe OSA) . In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior treatment for heart failure (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject is subject to a second agent during treatment (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior SLGT2 inhibitor and is subject to the same SLGT2 inhibitor during treatment at the same dose.
[0060] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about any of 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks (e.g., at least 28 weeks or 44 weeks) , wherein the individual has Type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a baseline HbA1c of at least about any of 7.0%, 7.5%, 8.0%, 8.5%or 9.0%. In some embodiments, the individual has a baseline HbA1c of at least about any of 9.0%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, or 11%. In some embodiments, the individual has a baseline HbA1c of about any of 7.0%-7.5%, 7.5%-8.0%, 8.0%-8.5%, 8.5%-9.0%, 9.0%-9.5%, 9.5%-10.0%, 10.0%-10.5%, and / or 10.5%-11%or above. In some embodiments, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to a prior metformin therapy (e.g., a prior metformin monotherapy) . In some embodiments, the type 2 diabetes is refractory to a prior combination treatment of metformin and a second agent, wherein the second agent is an oral antidiabetic agent. In some embodiments, the oral antidiabetic agent is selected from the group consisting of a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, a thiazolidinedione, and a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the subject is further administered with metformin. In some embodiments, the subject is further administered with an agent that is not metformin. In some embodiments, the subject is further administered with both a metformin (e.g., with a dose described herein) and the agent. In some embodiments, the agent is selected from the group consisting of a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, a thiazolidinedione (e.g., a rosiglitazone or a pioglitazone) , and a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is amaryl, chlorpropamide, DiaBeta, Diabinese, glimepiride, glipizide, Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL, glyburide, Glynase, Glynase PresTab, Minodiab, Orinase, tolazamide, tolbutamide, or Tolinase. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, henagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the subject has nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject does not have nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject has atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject does not have atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about any of 28 kg / m2 to 29 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2 to 30 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2 to 31 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2 to 32 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2 to 33 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2 to 34 kg / m2, 34 kg / m2 to 35 kg / m2, 35 kg / m2 to 36 kg / m2, 36 kg / m2 to 37 kg / m2, 37 kg / m2 to 38 kg / m2, 38 kg / m2 to 39 kg / m2, 39 kg / m2 to 40 kg / m2 or above 40 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., about any of 45%-50%, 50%-55%, 55%-60%, 60%-65%, 65%-70%, 70%-75%, and / or above 75%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SMWT of at least 100 meters and / or no more than 425 meters (e.g., about 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, and / or 400-425 meters) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline KCCQ-CSS of less than 80 (e.g., any of less than 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, and / or 70-80) . In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old (e.g., at least 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 years old) . In some embodiments, the subject is no more than 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a female after menopause. In some embodiments, the subject has hypertension (e.g., 130-139 / 80-89 mm Hg, e.g., 140 / 90 mmHg or higher) . In some embodiments, the subject does not have hypertension. In some embodiments, the subject has nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject does not have nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject has type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject does not have type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject has coronary artery disease (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, obstructive coronary artery disease, non-obstructive coronary artery disease) . In some embodiments, the subject has obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject does not have obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject has a low FEV1 / FVC ratio (e.g., less than 0.7) . In some embodiments, the subject has sleep apnea (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) , e.g., moderate and / or severe OSA) . In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior treatment for heart failure (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, a β receptor blocker, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject is subject to a second agent during treatment (e.g., a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) ) . In some embodiments, the subject has been subject to a prior SLGT2 inhibitor and is subject to the same SLGT2 inhibitor during treatment at the same dose.
[0061] In some embodiments, the method achieves one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more different advantages selected from a) increasing Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS) , b) increasing in 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) distance from baseline, c) reducing body weight and / or body mass index (BMI) from baseline, d) increasing the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (KCCQ-OSS) score, e) increasing KCCQ subcategory scores (symptom score, activity limitation score, social limitation score, health-related quality of life) , f) increasing time to first heart failure event resulting in hospitalization or emergency department visit, g) reducing N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBN) level, h) reducing hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) , i) achieving a decrease in severity of heart failure as classified by New York heart association (NYHA) classification (e.g., NYHA II to NYHA I, e.g., NYHA III to NYHA II, j) achieving an improved in European 5-dimensional health scale (EQ-5D-5L) score, k) delaying the first occurrence of heart failure event after treatment, l) reducing epicardial adiposal fat (EAT) content and / or density, m) reducing fasting glucagon level in the subject, and / or n) reducing occurrence of heart failure.
[0062] In some embodiments, method comprises treating a plurality of human subjects, wherein the treatment to the plurality of human subjects does not result in i) more than any of 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%level 1 mild hypoglycemia, and / or ii) more than any of 1%. 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia or level 3 severe hypoglycemia. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF)
[0063] Heart failure is a multifaceted clinical syndrome arising from functional or structural impairment in the filling or ejection of blood by the ventricles, leading to a diverse range of symptoms.
[0064] Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) refers to a type of heart failure where the heart muscle contracts normally, but the heart chambers do not fill adequately, resulting in symptoms of heart failure despite a normal ejection fraction (EF) usually considered above 50%. The clinical manifestations and clinical outcomes of some patients with HFmrEF are similar to those with HFpEF. Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) describes a condition where the heart's ejection fraction is mildly, or slightly, lower than normal, typically ranging between 40-49%, leading to heart failure symptoms. HFmrEF falls between the categories of HFpEF and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) where the EF is significantly low (below 40%) . Both HFpEF and HFmrEF can present with similar symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs, making diagnosis based on clinical presentation alone challenging.
[0065] According to the 2022 AHA / ACC / HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure, the criteria for diagnosing HFpEF includes: a normal or near-normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥50%) , evidence of cardiac dysfunction by echocardiography (e.g., abnormal left ventricular filling and elevated filling pressures) , and elevated natriuretic peptides.
[0066] For HFmrEF, according to these ESC Guidelines, a positive diagnosis requires the following conditions to be fulfilled: (i) symptoms and / or signs of HF; (ii) LVEF of 40–49 %; (iii) elevated natriuretic peptides (B-type natriuretic peptide –BNP ≥35 pg / ml or N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide –NT-proBNP ≥125 pg / ml) ; and (iv) a relevant structural heart disease (left ventricle hypertrophy with left ventricular mass index ≥115 g / m2 for men and ≥95 g / m2 for women) or left atrial enlargement (>34 ml / m2) or diastolic dysfunction (the ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling –E to early diastolic mitral annular velocity –e', E / e’ ratio ≥13 and a mean e’s eptal and lateral wall <9 cm / sec) .
[0067] The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have outlined stages of heart failure to classify the progression and severity of the condition according to Table 1. Table 1. ACC / AHA Stages of Heart Failure
[0068] Patients who have resolved symptoms and signs of HF with persistent left ventricular dysfunction are categorized as stage C and should receive appropriate treatment. If all HF symptoms, signs, and structural abnormalities completely resolve, the patient is deemed to be in remission from HF.
[0069] Patients with HF are frequently classified by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) . This classification system acknowledges the different prognoses and responses to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for patients with heart failure. The 2022 AHA / ACC / Heart Failure Society of America (HSFA) Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure identifies 4 classes of HF by LVEF (Table 2) . Table 2. Classification of Heart Failure by Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
[0070] The NYHA classification of HF is a subjective evaluation by a clinician to delineate the functional capacity and symptoms of individuals diagnosed with ACC / AHA stage C or D heart failure. Serving as an independent predictor of mortality, the NYHA Classification is employed in clinical settings to assess the appropriateness of therapeutic interventions for patients in stage C or D of heart failure. The 4 NYHA heart failure classes are: ●Class I (Mild HF) : No restrictions in physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not induce undue fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea. ●Class II (Mild-to-Moderate HF) : Slight limitations in physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but ordinary activities result in fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea. ●Class III (Moderate-to-Severe HF) : Significant restrictions in physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activities lead to fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea. ●Class IV (Severe HF) : Unable to engage in physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of heart failure are present at rest, and any physical activity exacerbates the discomfort.
[0071] Common causes of HFpEF include hypertension, atrial fibrillation, age-related cardiac changes, and underlying structural heart abnormalities such as hypertensive heart disease. Other contributing factors may include diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. The etiologies of HFmrEF are similar to HFrEF and HFpEF. Causes of HFmrEF may include a combination of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and underlying structural heart abnormalities that fall between those seen in HFrEF and HFpEF.
[0072] Common histopathological findings in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction include fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammation, and amyloidosis. Identifying amyloid traditionally involves Congo red staining, although its effectiveness varies based on staining quality and laboratory expertise. Crystal violet is an alternative stain that offers more consistency and better visibility under conventional light microscopy. Additional examples of diagnostic tests include an electrocardiogram, complete blood count, and a comprehensive metabolic panel encompassing liver function tests, electrolytes, and renal function tests. Urinalysis, lipid panel, hemoglobin A1c, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and iron studies can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the subject’s disease. Further cardiac evaluations may include essential labs involve measuring NT pro-brain natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. An NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide exceeding 125 pg / ml and a brain natriuretic peptide equal to or greater than 35 pg / ml are reliable indicators for assessing heart failure. A transthoracic echocardiogram may be used for assessing left ventricular ejection fraction. If a transthoracic echocardiogram does not suffice for evaluating left ventricular function, alternative modalities like cardiac MRI, cardiac CT angiogram, or radionuclide imaging may be employed. To evaluate ejection fraction, a number of assessment may be performed, including stress echocardiogram, exercise treadmill stress test, cardiac CT angiogram or nuclear imaging and a coronary angiogram for suspected ischemia, a polysomnogram for suspected sleep apnea, an autoimmune panel for autoimmune diseases, genetic counseling and testing for familial cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, isolated noncompaction cardiomyopathy) , 24-hour blood pressure monitoring for hypertensive cardiomyopathy, and heart rhythm monitoring for arrhythmias. Dosing regimen
[0073] In one aspect, provided herein are methods for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly.
[0074] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered via any accepted mode of administration for therapeutic agents including, but not limited to, oral, sublingual, subcutaneous, parenteral, intravenous, intranasal, topical, transdermal, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intrapulmonary, vaginal, rectal, or intraocular administration. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or composition is administered via subcutaneous injection.
[0075] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks (e.g., at least thirty-two weeks, e.g., at least forty-eight weeks) . In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for any of at least about 4 weeks to about 48 weeks, e.g., at least about 4 weeks, at least about 8 weeks, at least about 12 weeks, at least about 16 weeks, at least about 20 weeks, at least about 24 weeks, at least about 28 weeks, at least about 32 weeks, at least about 36 weeks, at least about 40 weeks, at least about 44 weeks, or at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 6 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 8 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 10 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 12 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 14 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 18 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 22 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 24 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 28 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 32 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 36 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 40 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 44 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for any of at least about 4 weeks to 24 weeks, at least about 24 weeks to about 48 weeks, at least about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, at least about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, at least about 12 weeks to about 16 weeks, at least about 16 weeks to about 20 weeks, at least about 20 weeks to about 24 weeks, at least about 24 weeks to about 28 weeks, at least about 28 weeks to about 32 weeks, at least about 32 weeks to about 36 weeks, at least about 36 weeks to about 40 weeks, at least about 40 weeks to about 44 weeks, or at least about 44 weeks to about 48 weeks, or at least about 48 week to about 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for any of about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 16 weeks, about 16 weeks to about 20 weeks, about 20 weeks to about 24 weeks, about 24 weeks to about 28 weeks, about 28 weeks to about 32 weeks, about 32 weeks to about 36 weeks, about 36 weeks to about 40 weeks, about 40 weeks to about 44 weeks, or about 44 weeks to about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for any of about 4 weeks, about 8 weeks, about 12 weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks, about 48 weeks, or more than 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered about once weekly for at least four weeks, at least eight weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered. In some embodiments, a second maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly is administered after administration of the first maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks.
[0076] In another aspect, there is provided a method for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks (e.g., at least 28 weeks, e.g., at least 44 weeks) . In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for any of at least about 4 weeks to about 48 weeks, e.g., at least about 4 weeks, at least about 8 weeks, at least about 12 weeks, at least about 16 weeks, at least about 20 weeks, at least about 24 weeks, at least about 28 weeks, at least about 32 weeks, at least about 36 weeks, at least about 40 weeks, at least about 44 weeks, or at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 6 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 8 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 10 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 12 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 14 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 18 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 22 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 24 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 28 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 32 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 36 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 40 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 44 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for at least about 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for any of at least about 4 weeks to 24 weeks, at least about 24 weeks to about 48 weeks, at least about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, at least about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, at least about 12 weeks to about 16 weeks, at least about 16 weeks to about 20 weeks, at least about 20 weeks to about 24 weeks, at least about 24 weeks to about 28 weeks, at least about 28 weeks to about 32 weeks, at least about 32 weeks to about 36 weeks, at least about 36 weeks to about 40 weeks, at least about 40 weeks to about 44 weeks, or at least about 44 weeks to about 48 weeks, or at least about 48 week to about 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for any of about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 16 weeks, about 16 weeks to about 20 weeks, about 20 weeks to about 24 weeks, about 24 weeks to about 28 weeks, about 28 weeks to about 32 weeks, about 32 weeks to about 36 weeks, about 36 weeks to about 40 weeks, about 40 weeks to about 44 weeks, or about 44 weeks to about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for any of about 4 weeks, about 8 weeks, about 12 weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks, about 48 weeks, or more than 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered about once weekly for at least four weeks, at least eight weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered.
[0077] One advantage of the present invention is that the method as described herein comprises shorter total duration that the escalation doses are administered compared to that of reference therapies, e.g., semaglutide or tirzepatide. In some embodiments, the total duration that the escalation doses are administered is 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the total duration that the escalation doses are administered is 8 weeks. In some embodiments, the total duration that the escalation doses are administered is 12 weeks. It is contemplated that the simplified dose-escalation regimen described herein for administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutical salt thereof has the advantage of improving patient compliance and adherence to the dosing regimen.
[0078] In some embodiments, the maintenance dose (e.g., both the first and the second maintenance dose) is administered for at least about any of 52 weeks, 56 weeks, 60 weeks, 64 weeks, 68 weeks, 72 weeks, 76 weeks, 80 weeks, or 84 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose (e.g., both the first and the second maintenance dose) is administered for at least 1 year, 15 months, 18 months, 21 months or 24 months. Individuals / subjects
[0079] The individuals or subjects described herein are treated with the methods described in this application. In some embodiments, the subject is a human subject having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) . In some embodiments, the subject is an obese (BMI≥28kg / m2) human subject having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) . In some embodiments, the subject is an obese (BMI≥28kg / m2) human subject having heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) .
[0080] In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old (e.g., at least 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 years old) . In some embodiments, the subject is no more than 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a female after menopause.
[0081] In some embodiments, the subject is Asian. In some embodiments, the subject is Chinese.
[0082] In some embodiments, the subject has nephropathy. In some embodiments, the subject does not have nephropathy.
[0083] In some embodiments, the subject has hypertension (e.g., 130-139 / 80-89 mm Hg, e.g., 140 / 90 mmHg or higher) .
[0084] In some embodiments, the subject has type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject does not have type 2 diabetes.
[0085] In some embodiments, the subject has coronary artery disease (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, obstructive coronary artery disease, non-obstructive coronary artery disease) .
[0086] In some embodiments, the subject has atrial fibrillation.
[0087] In some embodiments, the subject has obstructive pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject has a low FEV1 / FVC ratio (e.g., less than 0.7) .
[0088] In some embodiments, the subject has sleep apnea. In some embodiments, the subject has obstructive sleep apnea. In some embodiments, the subject has severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index of between 15 and 30) . In some embodiments, the subject has moderate obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index of greater than 30) .
[0089] In some embodiments, the subject has BMI ≥ 28.0 kg / m2. As used herein and understood in the art, an adult human having a BMI of about 24 kg / m2 or higher is considered “overweight” ; and an adult human having a BMI of about 28 kg / m2 or higher is considered “obese. ” As used herein and understood in the art, “body mass index” or BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. The formula for calculation is BMI = weight (kilograms) / height2 (m2) . The subjects to be treated with methods disclosed herein can be obese to different degrees. In some embodiments, the subject is obese (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg / m2) . In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has baseline BMI of at least 28 kg / m2, at least 29 kg / m2, at least 30 kg / m2, at least 31 kg / m2, at least 32 kg / m2, at least 33 kg / m2, at least 34 kg / m2, at least 35 kg / m2, at least 36 kg / m2, at least 37 kg / m2, at least 38 kg / m2, or at least 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 29 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 30 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 31 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 32 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 32.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 33 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 35 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 36 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 37 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 38 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has baseline BMI of less than 29 kg / m2, less than 30 kg / m2, less than 31 kg / m2, less than 32 kg / m2, less than 33 kg / m2, less than 34 kg / m2, less than 35 kg / m2, less than 36 kg / m2, less than 37 kg / m2, less than 38 kg / m2, or less than 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 29 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 30 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 31 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 32 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 32.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 33 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 36 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 37 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 38 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the baseline BMI of the subject in need of treatment is the baseline BMI of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 28 kg / m2, such as at least about 35 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the baseline BMI of the subject in need of treatment is the baseline BMI of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0090] In some embodiments, the subject has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III heart failure. NYHA classification classifies patients in one of four categories based on their limitations during physical activity; the limitations / symptoms are in regards to normal breathing and varying degrees in shortness of breath and or angina pain: 1. Class I -No symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, e.g. shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs etc. 2. Class II -Mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and / or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary activity. 3. Class III -Marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, e.g. walking short distances (20-100 m) . Comfortable only at rest. 4. Class IV -Severe limitations. Experiences symptoms even while at rest. Mostly bedbound patients. In some embodiments, the subject has NYHA Class II heart failure. In some embodiments, the patient has NYHA Class III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has HFpEF and NYHA Class II heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has HFpEF and NYHA Class III heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has HFmrEF and NYHA Class II heart failure. In some embodiments, the subject has HFmrEF and NYHA Class III heart failure.
[0091] In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of at least 45% (e.g., at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%) . In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of about 50-70%. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of about 50%-60%. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of about 60%-70%. In some embodiments, the subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of about 45%-55%, 55%-65%, or 65%-75%.
[0092] In some embodiments, the subject was not hospitalized due to heart failure within at least about 1 week prior to receiving Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject was not hospitalized due to heart failure within at least about 2 weeks prior to receiving Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject was not hospitalized due to heart failure within at least about 3 weeks prior to receiving Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0093] In some embodiments, prior to receiving Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein, the subject can complete Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and with a distance of 100 meters to 425 meters. The 6MWT is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance. The distance covered over a time of 6 minutes is used as the outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity. In some embodiments, the subject can complete Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and with a distance of about 100 meters to about 200 meters. In some embodiments, the subject can complete Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and with a distance of about 200 meters to about 300 meters. In some embodiments, the subject can complete Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and with a distance of about 300 meters to about 400 meters. In some embodiments, the subject can complete Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and with a distance of about 400 meters to about 500 meters. In some embodiments, the subject can complete Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and with a distance of any of at least about 100 meters, about 200 meters, about 300 meters, or about 400 meters. In some embodiments, the subject can complete Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and with a distance of any of no more than about 500 meters, about 400 meters, about 300 meters, about 200 meters, or about 100 meters.
[0094] In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of less than 80 (e.g., less than about 70, less than about 60, less than about 50, less than about 40, less than about 30, less than about 20, less than about 10) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of greater than about 80 (e.g., greater than about 70, greater than about 60, greater than about 50, greater than about 40, greater than about 30, greater than about 20, greater than about 10) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of between about 80 and about 75. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of between about 80 and about 75. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of between about 75 and about 70. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of between about 70 and about 65. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of between about 65 and about 60. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of between about 60 and about 55. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of between about 55 and about 50. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of between about 50 and about 45. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Clinical Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) of between about 45 and about 40. In some embodiments, the baseline KCCQ-CSS of the subject is the baseline KCCQ-CSS of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0095] In some embodiments, the subject had received a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) for at least 4 weeks prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. The SGLT-2i can be, for example, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, henagliflozin, or ertugliflozin, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the SGLT-2i is dapagliflozin. In some embodiments, the SGLT-2i is empagliflozin. In some embodiments, the SGLT-2i is administered at a stable dose, e.g., wherein the patient received the same dose of the SGLT-2i for at least about 4 weeks. In some embodiments, empagliflozin is administered at a dose of about 10 mg / day. In some embodiments, dapagliflozin is administered at a dose of about 5 mg / day. In some embodiments, danagliflozin can be administered at a dose of about 100 mg / day. In some embodiments, henagliflozin can be administered at a dose of about 5 mg / day. In some embodiments, ertugliflozin can be administered at a dose of about 5 mg / day.
[0096] In some embodiments, the subject had received a heart failure medication for at least 4 weeks at a stable dose, e.g., wherein the patient received the same dose of the SGLT-2i for at least about 4 weeks, prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the heart failure medication is a diuretic, e.g., bumetanide (Bumex) furosemide (Lasix) , hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hyrdodiuril) , metolazone (Zaroxolyn) , torsemide (Demadex) . In some embodiments, the heart failure medication is a beta-blocker, e.g., atenolol (Tenormin) , bisoprolol (Zebeta) , carvedilol (Coreg) , metoprolol (lopressor, Toprol XL) , Nebivolol (Bystolic) . In some embodiments, the heart failure medication is an angiotensin receptor blocker, e.g., candesartan (Atacand) , eprosartan (Teveten) , irbesartan (Avapro) , losartan (Cozaar) , valsartan (Diovan) . In some embodiments, the heart failure medication is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, e.g., eplerenone (Inspra) , spironolactone (Aldactone) .
[0097] In some embodiments, the subject has not received another therapy, wherein the dose of the therapy is not stabilized, e.g., wherein the patient received the same dose of the therapy for at least about 4 weeks, within at least 4 weeks prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0098] In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2 and sinus rhythm (e.g., heart is beating uniformly between 50 and 100 BPM) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2 and sinus rhythm, and has a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 200 pg / mL, e.g., at least 300 pg / mL, at least 400 pg / mL, at least 500 pg / mL, at least 600 pg / mL, at least 700 pg / mL, at least 800 pg / mL, at least 900 pg / mL, at least 1000 pg / mL, at least 1100 pg / mL, at least 1200 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a NT-proBNP level of between about 200-1200 pg / mL, e.g., 200-300 pg / mL, 300-400 pg / mL, 400-500 pg / mL, 500-600 pg / mL, 600-700 pg / mL, 700-800 pg / mL, 800-900 pg / mL, 900-1000 pg / mL, 1000-1100 pg / mL, 1100-1200 pg / mL.
[0099] In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than about 35 kg / m2 and persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation (irregular heartrate at e.g., 100-200 bpm, e.g., 500-600 bpm) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than about 35 kg / m2 and sin atrial fibrillation, and has a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 600 pg / mL, e.g., at least 600 pg / mL, at least 700 pg / mL, at least 800 pg / mL, at least 900 pg / mL, at least 1000 pg / mL, at least 1100 pg / mL, at least 1200 pg / mL, at least 1300 pg / mL, at least 1400 pg / mL, at least 1500 pg / mL, at least 1600 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a NT-proBNP level of between about 600-1200 pg / mL, e.g., 500-600 pg / mL, 600-700 pg / mL, 700-800 pg / mL, 800-900 pg / mL, 900-1000 pg / mL, 1000-1100 pg / mL, 1100-1200 pg / mL, 1200-1300 pg / mL, 1300-1400 pg / mL, 1400-1500 pg / mL, 1500-1600 pg / mL.
[0100] In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and sinus rhythm (e.g., heart is beating uniformly between 50 and 100 BPM) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and sinus rhythm, and has a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 125 pg / mL, e.g., at least 150 pg / mL, at least 200 pg / mL, at least 300 pg / mL, at least 400 pg / mL, at least 500 pg / mL, at least 600 pg / mL, at least 700 pg / mL, at least 800 pg / mL, at least 900 pg / mL, at least 1000 pg / mL, at least 1100 pg / mL, at least 1200 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a NT-proBNP level of between about 120-1200 pg / mL, e.g., 125-150 pg / mL, 150-200 pg / mL, 200-300 pg / mL, 300-400 pg / mL, 400-500 pg / mL, 500-600 pg / mL, 600-700 pg / mL, 700-800 pg / mL, 800-900 pg / mL, 900-1000 pg / mL, 1000-1100 pg / mL, 1100-1200 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and sinus rhythm, a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 125 pg / mL, and has one, two, or three of i) , ii) , and iii) , e.g., based on echocardiogram report, within 6 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein: i) Spacing e’ <7 cm / s, side wall e’ <10 cm / s, or average E / e’ ≥15 ii) Pulmonary artery systolic pressure >35mmHg iii) Evidence of left atrial (LA) enlargement (e.g., LA anteroposterior diameters ≥38mm, LA left and right diameters ≥50mm, LA area ≥20.0cm2, LA volume ≥55mL, or LA volume index ≥29 mL / m2) .
[0101] In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation (irregular heartrate at e.g., 100-200 bpm, e.g., 500-600 bpm) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and sin atrial fibrillation, and has a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least about 365 pg / mL, e.g., at least 400 pg / mL, at least 500 pg / mL, at least 600 pg / mL, at least 700 pg / mL, at least 800 pg / mL, at least 900 pg / mL, at least 1000 pg / mL, at least 1100 pg / mL, at least 1200 pg / mL, at least 1300 pg / mL, at least 1400 pg / mL, at least 1500 pg / mL, at least 1600 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a NT-proBNP level of between about 350-1200 pg / mL, e.g., 365-400 pg / mL, 400-500 pg / mL, 500-600 pg / mL, 600-700 pg / mL, 700-800 pg / mL, 800-900 pg / mL, 900-1000 pg / mL, 1000-1100 pg / mL, 1100-1200 pg / mL, 1200-1300 pg / mL, 1300-1400 pg / mL, 1400-1500 pg / mL, 1500-1600 pg / mL. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2 and persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation, a N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 365 pg / mL, and has one, two, or three of i) , ii) , and iii) , e.g., based on echocardiogram report, within 6 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein: i) Spacing e’ <7 cm / s, side wall e’ <10 cm / s, or average E / e’ ≥15 ii) Pulmonary artery systolic pressure >35mmHg iii) Evidence of left atrial (LA) enlargement (e.g., LA anteroposterior diameters ≥ 38mm, LA left and right diameters ≥50mm, LA area ≥20.0cm2, LA volume ≥55mL, or LA volume index ≥29 mL / m2) .
[0102] In some embodiments, the subject has been hospitalized at least once due to decompensation of heart failure and was treated with intravenous loop diuretics within 12 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has been hospitalized at least once due to decompensation of heart failure and was treated with intravenous loop diuretics within 12 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein, and two, three, four, or five of i) , ii) , iii) , iv) , and v) e.g., based on echocardiogram report, within 6 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein: i) Spacing e’ <7 cm / sor side wall e’ <10 cm / sor average E / e’ ≥15 ii) Pulmonary artery systolic pressure >35mmHg iii) Evidence of left atrial (LA) enlargement (e.g., LA anteroposterior diameters ≥38mm, LA left and right diameters ≥50mm, LA area ≥20.0cm2, LA volume ≥55mL, or LA volume index ≥29 mL / m2) iv) Evidence of LV hypertrophy (e.g., ventricular septum or left ventricular posterior wall thickness ≥12 mm) v) Continuous use of diuretics for at least 4 weeks prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the diuretic is bumetanide (Bumex) furosemide (Lasix) , hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hyrdodiuril) , metolazone (Zaroxolyn) , torsemide (Demadex) .
[0103] In some embodiments, the subject has a mean pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) of at least 15mmHg based on resting cardiac catheterization. In some embodiments, the subject has a left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) ≥15mmHg based on resting cardiac catheterization. In some embodiments, the subject has left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) ≥15mmHg based on resting cardiac catheterization. In some embodiments, the subject has pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) ≥15mmHg based on implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitor. In some embodiments, the subject has LVEDP ≥25mmHg measured by cardiac catheterization during exercise. In some embodiments, the subject has PWP ≥25mmHg measured by cardiac catheterization during exercise. In some embodiments, the subject has one, two, or three of i) , ii) , or iii) prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein: i) mean pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) ≥15mmHg or left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) ≥15mmHg based on resting cardiac catheterization ii) pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) ≥15mmHg based on implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitor iii) PWP or LVEDP ≥25mmHg measured by cardiac catheterization during exercise.
[0104] In some embodiments, the subject has not had myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization due to heart failure, unstable angina or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 3 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0105] In some embodiments, the subject has not been hospitalized due to acute heart failure within 3 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has not used a respiratory and circulatory assistive device within 3 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the respiratory and circulatory assistive devices is intra-aortic balloon (IABP) , interventional artificial heart (IMPELLA) , extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) , or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) .
[0106] In some embodiments, the subject has controlled hypertension prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has systolic blood pressure of less than 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of less than 100 mmHg prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0107] In some embodiments, the subject has heart rate between about 50 and about 110 beats per minute, e.g., by ECG, prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has QTcF>500 ms as assessed by cardiogram prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0108] In some embodiments, the subject does not have planned coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) ) , atrial flutter / fibrillation ablation, valve repair / replacement, or carotid artery or peripheral artery recanalization within 3 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject does not have planned coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) ) , atrial flutter / fibrillation ablation, valve repair / replacement, or carotid artery or peripheral artery recanalization in the period concurrent with receiving treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0109] In some embodiments, the subject has not received implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) within 1 year prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject does not have persistent abnormal discharge as assessed by intracavity electrogram.
[0110] In some embodiments, the subject has not received cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation. In some embodiments, the subject has not received left ventricular assist device implantation.
[0111] In some embodiments, the subject does not have a history of heart failure or dyspnea caused by any one or more of: restrictive cardiomyopathy or infiltrative cardiomyopathy (e.g., amyloidosis) , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, primary pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, right heart failure caused by lung disease, complex congenital heart disease, moderate or above anemia (hemoglobin <90g / L prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein) , or moderate or above valvular heart disease.
[0112] In some embodiments, the subject has not had a weight change of greater than about 5 kg within 12 weeks prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0113] In some embodiments, the subject does not have an endocrine disease.
[0114] In some embodiments, the patient has diabetes. In some embodiments, the patient does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the patient has type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the patient does not have type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the patient has gestational diabetes. In some embodiments, the patient does not have type 1 diabetes.
[0115] In some embodiments, the patient has not used GLP-1R agonist, GLP-1R / GCGR (glucagon receptor) agonist, GIPR (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor) / GLP-1R agonist, or GIPR / GLP-1R / GCGR agonists within 3 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0116] In some embodiments, the patient has diabetes and has not received insulin within 3 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the patient received insulin for no more than 14 days, and the most recent insulin treatment was no less than 14 days prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0117] In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of no greater than about 9.5%(e.g., no greater than about 7.5%, no greater than about 8%, no greater than about 8.5%, or no greater than about 9%) .
[0118] In some embodiments, the subject does not have proliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy requiring emergency treatment.
[0119] In some embodiments, the subject has experienced ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar state, or lactic acidosis fewer than 2 times within 6 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has not experienced ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar state, or lactic acidosis.
[0120] In some embodiments, the subject has not experienced grade 2 or 3 (severe) hypoglycemia as defined by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) hypoglycemia grading standards. In some embodiments, the subject experienced fewer than 3 symptomatic hypoglycemia within 6 months prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0121] In some embodiments, the subject does not have diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer, or intermittent claudication. Endpoints
[0122] In some embodiments, the method as described result in improvement of one or more parameters of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) . In some embodiments, the method as described result in improvement of one or more parameters of heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) . In some embodiments, the method as described result in improvement of one or more parameters of obesity.
[0123] In some embodiments, the improved parameters of HFpEF, HfmrEF, or obesity is any one or more of: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS) , change in body weight from baseline, change in 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) distance from baseline, change in weight, waist circumference, or body mass index (BMI) from baseline, change in the Kansas city Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (KCCQ-OSS) score from baseline, change in KCCQ subcategory scores (symptom score, activity limitation score, social limitation score, health-related quality of life) from baseline, time to death from all causes, number of heart failure events resulting in hospitalization or emergency department visit, time to first heart failure event resulting in hospitalization or emergency department visit, change in N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBN) from baseline, changes in hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) from baseline, change in eGFR, uric acid, urinary albumin / creatinine ratio from baseline, change in blood lipids (total cholesterol (TC) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglyceride (TG) ) levels from baseline, changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline, change in structural and functional changes from baseline assessed by Echocardiography, (e.g., Left ventricular mass (LVM) , left ventricular mass index (LVMI) , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) , mitral early diastolic peak velocity (E) , mitral late diastolic peak velocity (A) , E / A, Mitral annular early diastolic velocity (septal / lateral e’) , left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) , mean E / e', left atrial diameters (LAD) , left atrial volume (LAV) , left atrial volume index (LAVI) , left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) , and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) , change in New York heart association (NYHA) classification from baseline, and change in European 5-dimensional health scale (EQ-5D-5L) score from baseline. In some embodiments, the improved parameters of HFpEF, HfmrEF, or obesity is any one or more of: time to the first heart failure composite endpoint event (e.g., cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, heart failure emergency department visit, outpatient oral diuretic intensification event (oral loop diuretic increase or new initiation of oral loop diuretic) ) , change in volume and density of epicardial fat (EAT) from baseline, and change in fasting glucagon levels from baseline. In some embodiments, the methods described herein demonstrate advantageous effects than a reference therapy in at least one (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, or more aspects) described above. In some embodiments, the reference therapy comprises administering an agent selected from the group consisting of dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, cagrilintide, orforglipron, maritide, danuglipron, survotutide, and retatrutide.
[0124] In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in an improvement of the subject’s KCCQ-CSS at least 5 points compared with the subject’s baseline KCCQ-CSS. In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in an improvement of the subject’s KCCQ-CSS at least 10 points compared with the subject’s baseline KCCQ-CSS. In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in an improvement of the subject’s KCCQ-CSS at least 15 points compared with the subject’s baseline KCCQ-CSS.
[0125] In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in an improvement of the subject’s KCCQ-OSS at least 5 points compared with the subject’s baseline KCCQ-OSS. In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in an improvement of the subject’s KCCQ-OSS at least 10 points compared with the subject’s baseline KCCQ-OSS. In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in an improvement of the subject’s KCCQ-OSS at least 15 points compared with the subject’s baseline KCCQ-OSS.
[0126] In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in an increase in Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance by at least 30 meters (e.g., at least about 35 meters, at least about 40 meters, at least about 45 meters, at least about 50 meters, at least about 55 meters, at least about 60 meters, at least about 65 meters, at least about 70 meters, at least about 75 meters, at least about 80 meters) .
[0127] In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in decreased the subject’s body weight by at least 5%compared with baseline. In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in decreased the subject’s body weight by at least 10%compared with baseline. In some embodiments, the method of treatment as described herein results in decreased the subject’s body weight by at least 15%compared with baseline.
[0128] In some embodiments, the therapeutic effect is observed in four weeks or less, five weeks or less, six weeks or less, seven weeks or less, eight weeks or less, ten weeks or less, twelve weeks or less, 16 weeks or less, 20 weeks or less, 24 weeks or less, 28 weeks or less, 32 weeks or less, 36 weeks or less, 40 weeks or less, 44 weeks or less, 48 weeks or less, 52 weeks or less, 56 weeks or less, 60 weeks or less of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the therapeutic effect is observed in about four weeks, about five weeks, about six weeks, about seven weeks, about eight weeks, about ten weeks, about twelve weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks about 48 weeks, about 52 weeks, 56 weeks or less, or about 60 weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, initiating treatment refers to the first dosing of the maintenance dose of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
[0129] In some embodiments, methods provided herein further comprise monitoring for adverse events during the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and optionally, interrupting or terminating the administration. As used herein and understood in the art, “adverse event” or “AE” is an untoward medical occurrence that occurs in the subject during a particular treatment, whether or not causally related to the treatment. AEs include, but are not limited to, the following: exacerbation of a pre-existing medical condition / disease (including exacerbation of symptoms, signs, or abnormal laboratory tests) ; occurrence of any new adverse medical condition (including symptoms, signs, or newly diagnosed disease) ; any abnormal laboratory test value or result that has significant clinical significance.
[0130] In some embodiments, methods provided herein further comprise monitoring vital signs (including blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and body temperature) and / or physical examination during the administration, or monitoring hematology and serum chemistry during the treatment cycle. In some embodiments, heart rate or heart signal is monitored. In some embodiment, heart rate or heart signal is monitored by electrocardiogram. In some embodiments, rate of of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and / or worsening heart failure events (e.g., heart failure hospitalizations, heart failure emergency department visits) of patients treated with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein is lower than that of a population of patients treated with a reference therapy. In some embodiments, the reference therapy comprises administering an agent selected from the group consisting of dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, cagrilintide, orforglipron, maritide, danuglipron, survotutide, and retatrutide.
[0131] In some embodiments, methods provided herein result in none of the following adverse events: severe gastrointestinal reactions (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) , hypoglycemic events, acute pancreatitis, thyroid malignancy and thyroid C-cell hyperplasia, major cardiovascular adverse events, supraventricular tachycardia and conduction block, anaphylaxis and injection site reactions, diabetic retinopathy complications, acute kidney injury, and acute gallbladder disease. Mazdutide, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof
[0132] The compositions described herein comprise Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject, wherein the composition is formulated for administration according to the dosing regimen: a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, (e.g., at least 32 weeks, e.g., at least 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject, wherein the composition is formulated for administration according to the dosing regimen: a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, (e.g., at least 28 weeks, e.g., at least 44 weeks) .
[0133] Mazdutide is a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) agonist that binds to and activates GLP-1R and GCGR. Mazdutide is also described in patent CN201680036771.3, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0134] Mazdutide has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1: His-Xaa-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Glu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly; wherein Xaa is alpha amino isobutyric acid (Aib) ; Lys at position 20 is chemically modified through conjugation to the epsilon-amino group of the K side-chain with ( [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2-γGlu-CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H; and the carboxyl group of the C-terminal Gly is amidated to the C-terminal primary amide.
[0135] The chemical structure of Mazdutide is shown below:
[0136] As understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, Mazdutide can be reacted with any number of inorganic and organic bases to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts and conventional methodologies for their preparation are well known in the art. See, for example, P. Stahl et al., HANDBOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL SALTS: PROPERTIES, SELECTION AND USE, 2nd Revision (Wiley-VCH, 2011) .
[0137] A salt of Mazdutide can be formed between an acid and a basic group of Mazdutide, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of Mazdutide, such as a carboxyl functional group.
[0138] Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties include lowering the melting point to facilitate transmucosal administration and increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
[0139] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained from acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
[0140] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include basic addition salts such as those containing benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, t-butylamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, procaine, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, alkylamine, and zinc, when acidic functional groups, such as carboxylic acid or phenol are present. For example, see Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19thed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, Vol. 2, p. 1457, 1995; “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use” by Stahl and Wermuth, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002. Such salts can be prepared using the appropriate corresponding bases.
[0141] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by standard techniques. For example, the free-base form of a compound can be dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as an aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution containing the appropriate acid and then isolated by evaporating the solution. Thus, if the particular compound is a base, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.
[0142] Similarly, if the particular compound is an acid, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary) , an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the like. Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids, such as L-glycine, L-lysine, and L-arginine, ammonia, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as hydroxyethylpyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
[0143] It is also to be understood that Mazdutide can exist in unsolvated forms, solvated forms (e.g., hydrated forms) , and solid forms (e.g., crystal or polymorphic forms) , and the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such forms.
[0144] As used herein, the term “solvate” or “solvated form” refers to solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water, the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H2O. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.
[0145] As used herein, the terms “crystal form” , “crystalline form” , “polymorphic forms” and “polymorphs” can be used interchangeably, and mean crystal structures in which Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can crystallize in different crystal packing arrangements, all of which have the same elemental composition. Different crystal forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectral, melting points, density hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Crystal polymorphs of Mazdutide can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
[0146] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that Mazdutide may exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the present disclosure. The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. The presence and concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment Mazdutide is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether Mazdutide is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. By way of examples, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol, amide-imidic acid, lactam-lactim, imine-enamine isomerizations and annular forms where a proton can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system. Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons. Tautomers can be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate substitution. Mazdutide identified by name or structure as one particular tautomeric form are intended to include other tautomeric forms unless otherwise specified.
[0147] Synthesis of Mazdutide provided herein, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are provided in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of WO 2016 / 209707, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Preparation of the compounds provided herein may also be found in WO2021252829A1 and WO2023196765A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Mazdutide provided herein may also be prepared using any known organic synthesis techniques and can be synthesized according to any possible synthetic routes.
[0148] In some embodiments, the method provided herein comprises administering a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition) comprising Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more additional medicinal agents, pharmaceutical agents, adjuvants, carriers, excipients, and the like. Suitable medicinal and pharmaceutical agents include those described herein. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition includes a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or adjuvant and at least one compound as described herein. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, talcum, cellulose, sodium croscarmellose, glucose, gelatin, sucrose, and magnesium carbonate.
[0149] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions include solid, semi-solid, liquid and aerosol dosage forms, such as tablet, capsule, powder, liquid, suspension, suppository, and aerosol forms. The pharmaceutical composition may be administered in sustained or controlled release dosage forms (e.g., controlled / sustained release pill, depot injection, osmotic pump, or transdermal (including electrotransport patch forms) for prolonged timed, and / or pulsed administration at a predetermined rate. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of a precise dose.
[0150] Liquid pharmaceutically administrable compositions can, for example, be prepared by dissolving, dispersing or suspending etc. a compound or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and optional pharmaceutical additives in a carrier (e.g., water, saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, glycols, ethanol or the like) to form a solution or suspension. Injectables can be prepared in conventional forms, either as liquid solutions or suspensions, as emulsions, or in solid forms suitable for dissolution or suspension in liquid prior to injection. The percentage of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof contained in such parenteral compositions depends, for example, on the physical nature of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the activity of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the needs of the subject (e.g., human) .
[0151] In some embodiments, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a human subject, wherein the composition is formulated for administration according to the dosing regimen: a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, (e.g., at least 32 weeks, e.g., at least 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity in a human subject, wherein the composition is formulated for administration according to the dosing regimen: a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, (e.g., at least 28 weeks, e.g., at least 44 weeks) . In some embodiments, Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation (e.g., a liquid formulation) comprising tromethamine (e.g., 0.5-5 mg / mL tromethamine) , a stabilizer, a chelating agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises one or more of mannitol, propylene glycol, arginine, arginine hydrochloride, histidine and histidine hydrochloride. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises mannitol and propylene glycol (e.g., at a concentration of 0.1-100 mg / mL) . In some embodiments, the chelating agent comprises edetate disodium (e.g., 0.01-5 mg / mL edetate disodium) . In some embodiments, the solvent comprises water.
[0152] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1-3 mg / mL tromethamine, 10-66 mg / mL stabilizer, 0.03-1 mg / mL chelating agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20-46 mg / mL stabilizer, 0.05-0.5 mg / mL chelating agent and a solvent.
[0153] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 46 mg / mL mannitol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0154] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20 mg / mL propylene glycol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0155] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0156] In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises a surfactant. In some embodiments, the surfactant is tween 80.
[0157] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises Mazdutide, and the concentration of Mazdutide is about at a concentration of about 1-12 mg / mLIn some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 3mg / ml, 4mg / ml, 6 mg / ml, 8.37 mg / ml, or 12 mg / ml.
[0158] In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7-9. In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7.5-8.5. In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0159] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8.37 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 46 mg / mL mannitol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0160] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8.37 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20 mg / mL propylene glycol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0161] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 3 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0162] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 4 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0163] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0164] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 6 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0165] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 12 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0166] In some embodiments, Mazdutide and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions to be used in methods disclosed herein. Exemplary pharmaceutical compositions or formulations are described in, e.g., WO2022228498A1 and WO2022140373A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Mazdutide and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be present at various concentrations.
[0167] Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that can be included in compositions to be used in methods provided herein include any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible. In some embodiments, the carrier is suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, parenteral, spinal or epidermal administration (e.g., by injection or infusion) .
[0168] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol (for injection) , disodium edetate, diluted hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and water for injection.
[0169] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a pharmaceutical composition having Mazdutide and pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein that is suitable for local administration. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are suited for subcutaneous administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are suitable for systemic administration. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are suitable for intravenous administration.
[0170] In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is stored in pre-filled injection pens. The injectable formulation includes Mazdutide and tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol (for injection) , disodium edetate, dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and water for injection as excipients. In some embodiments, Mazdutide is provided in the following dosage forms: 0.5 ml: 3 mg, 0.5 ml: 6 mg, 2 ml: 16 mg, and 2 ml: 24 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide is provided in the following dosage forms: 0.5 ml: 2 mg, 0.5 ml: 4 mg, and 0.5 ml: 6 mg, 2 ml: 16 mg, and 2 ml: 24 mg.
[0171] Pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be delivered subcutaneously with a standard needle and syringe. In addition, with respect to subcutaneous delivery, a pen delivery device readily has applications in delivering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Such a pen delivery device can be reusable or disposable. A reusable pen delivery device generally utilizes a replaceable cartridge that contains a pharmaceutical composition. Once all of the pharmaceutical composition within the cartridge has been administered and the cartridge is empty, the empty cartridge can readily be discarded and replaced with a new cartridge that contains the pharmaceutical composition. The pen delivery device can then be reused. In a disposable pen delivery device, there is no replaceable cartridge. Rather, the disposable pen delivery device comes prefilled with the pharmaceutical composition held in a reservoir within the device. Once the reservoir is emptied of the pharmaceutical composition, the entire device is discarded. Methods of measurements
[0172] Methods of treatment provided herein reference certain methods of diagnosis, methods of evaluation (e.g., of severity of condition, progress of condition, or of improvement of condition) . Standard procedures of such methods are well known by and available to persons of ordinary skill in the art. For exemplary purposes, some representative methods and procedures are described here.Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS)
[0173] The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) is a 23-item self-administered questionnaire developed to independently measure the patient’s perception of their health status, which includes heart failure symptoms, impact on physical and social function, and how their heart failure impacts their quality of life (QOL) within a 2-week recall period.
[0174] KCCQ responses are provided along a rating scale continuum with equal spacing from worst to best. On average, the 23-item version takes 4-6 minutes to complete. The concepts quantified in the KCCQ are designed to be relevant and appreciable by all heart failure patients specified in the qualified context of use. The Flesch Reading Ease is 76 and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade level is 6.7. The tool can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a heart failure medical device studied in a clinical study.
[0175] The KCCQ clinical summary score (CSS) combines the total symptom score and physical limitation score to measure symptoms and physical limitations.
[0176] The KCCQ overall summary score (OSS) : Combines the total symptom, physical and social limitation, and quality of life scores to capture the overall impact of heart failure on a patient's health status.Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
[0177] The task required of the individual performing the 6MWT is to “walk as far as possible during a 6-minute period; ” (24) the subject therefore has the task to self-select a walking speed that he / she assesses to be appropriate for maximizing the distance walked in the 6 minute testing period. As the test continues, the subject has the option to adjust the walking speed based on a continuous re-assessment of the time to test-end within the requirement to maximize distance walked. If necessary, the subject is allowed to rest during the test.N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBN)
[0178] To measure NT-proBN, a standard blood draw is performed and the sample is analyzed using immunoassay to detect the levels of NT-proBNP in a subject’s blood. Levels of NT-proBNP are typically reported in picograms per milliliter (pg / mL) . Higher levels may indicate heart failure.HbA1c
[0179] To measure HbA1c, blood samples are collected when the subject is in fasting state.Seven-point finger blood glucose
[0180] Finger blood glucose is collected at seven different time points: fasting, 2 h ± 30 min after breakfast, before lunch, 2 h ± 30 min after lunch, before dinner, 2 h ± 30 min after dinner, and at bedtime. For better accuracy, each measurement can include collection of data from two non-consecutive days.Four-point finger blood glucose
[0181] Finger blood glucose can be collected at four different time points: before three meals and at bedtime.Weight
[0182] Standard protocol for weight measurement: weight measurement should be conducted in a standardized manner using a calibrated scale (either mechanical or electronic) . When measuring weight, participants should have urinated, and should remove any clothing or accessories that could add extra weight, such as coats, pants, hats, scarves, necklaces, belts, etc. They should be dressed in a single layer of clothing (limited to one upper garment and one lower garment) and should remove their shoes. Ensure that the weight scale is zeroed before weighing. Participant should step onto the weight scale and stand still on both feet with their arms at their sides.Waist circumference
[0183] When measuring wait circumference, participants should take standing position, relax shoulders and abdomen, breathe steadily, and keep feet apart by 25~30 cm. Horizontal measurement is taken at the midpoint of the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the lower edge of the 12th rib on the midaxillary line. A tape is used which wraps around the waist at the above-mentioned horizontal position. When measuring, the tape measure should be snug against the skin but not tight. During the measurement, participants should not consciously pull in or push out abdomen. The measurement should be taken at the end of a calm exhalation.Neck circumference
[0184] When measuring neck circumference, participants should stand upright, gaze straight ahead, and shoulders down. The tape measure should be snug against the skin but not tight. Horizontal measurement of the neck (one full circle) is taken just below the Adam’s apple (thyroid cartilage) and around the middle of the neck.Hip circumference
[0185] When measuring hip circumstance, the subject should stand naturally with relaxed shoulders, arms hanging naturally and slightly apart, legs together, weight evenly distributed on both legs, and hips relaxed while looking straight ahead. The horizontal measurement position is as follows: in front, it corresponds to the pubic symphysis, and in the back, it corresponds to the greater trochanter of the femur. Typically, this measurement is taken at the most prominent part of the hips. 7. Experimental
[0186] The examples provided below are for purposes of illustration only, which are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. Thus, the invention should in no way be construed as being limited to the following examples, but rather, should be construed to encompass any and all variations which become evident as a result of the teaching provided herein.
[0187] The active pharmaceutical ingredient under investigation of the studies described below is Mazdutide. Briefly, results from the studies described below demonstrate at the specified regimens, Mazdutide is safe and effective in treating HFpEF or HfmrEF, particularly in patients with BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. Example 1: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide in obese subjects with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF)
[0188] This example describes a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide in obese subjects with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) .
[0189] The main goal is to evaluate the effect of Mazdutide on physical function and symptoms in obese subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF compared with placebo, and to evaluate the effect of Mazdutide on body weight in obese subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF compared with placebo.
[0190] The primary endpoints are: ●At week 36, changes in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS) score from baseline. ●At week 36, the percentage change in body weight from baseline.
[0191] Secondary goals are to evaluate: ●the effect of Mazdutide on cardiac function-related indicators in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity compared with placebo. ●the effect of Mazdutide on other weight-related parameters in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity compared with placebo. ●the impact of Mazdutide on overall heart failure-related clinical benefit in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity compared with placebo. ●the effect of Mazdutide on biomarkers of heart failure and inflammation, blood lipids, eGFR, uric acid, urinary albumin / creatinine ratio in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity compared with placebo. ●the effect of Mazdutide on cardiac structure and function (echocardiographic assessment) in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity compared with placebo. ●the effect of Mazdutide on epicardial fat in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity compared with placebo. ●the effect of Mazdutide on patient report outcomes (PRO) in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity compared with placebo.
[0192] The secondary endpoints are: ●At week 52: ○ changes in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS) score from baseline. ○ the percentage change in body weight from baseline. ●At week 36 and week 52: ○ The proportion of subjects whose KCCQ-CSS improved by ≥5 points, ≥10 points, or ≥15 points compared with the baseline. ○ Change in 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) distance from baseline. ○ The proportion of subjects whose body weight decreased by ≥5%, ≥10%, or ≥15%compared with baseline. ○ Changes in weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) from baseline. ○ Changes in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (KCCQ-OSS) score from baseline. ○ The proportion of subjects whose KCCQ-OSS improved by ≥5 points, ≥10 points, or ≥15 points compared with the baseline. ○ Changes in KCCQ subcategory scores (symptom score, activity limitation score, social limitation score, health-related quality of life) from baseline. ○ Stratified composite endpoint superior rate of Mazdutide group compared with placebo group, including: time to death from all causes, number of heart failure events resulting in hospitalization or emergency department visit, time to first heart failure event resulting in hospitalization or emergency department visit, increase in KCCQ-CSS by ≥15 points from baseline, increase in KCCQ-CSS by ≥10 points from baseline, increase in KCCQ-CSS by ≥5 points from baseline, increase in 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) distance by ≥ 30 meters. ○ Changes in N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBN) from baseline. ○ Changes in hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) from baseline. ○ Changes in eGFR, uric acid, urinary albumin / creatinine ratio from baseline. ○ Changes in blood lipids (total cholesterol (TC) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) ) levels from baseline. ○ Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline. ○ Changes in structural and functional changes from baseline assessed by Echocardiography, including: ■ Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) , mitral early diastolic peak velocity (E) , mitral late diastolic peak velocity (A) , E / A, Mitral annular early diastolic velocity (septal / lateral e’ ) , mean E / e’ , left atrial diameter (LAD) , left atrial volume (LAV) , and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) . ○ Proportion of subjects with New York heart association (NYHA) improvement from baseline. ○ Proportion of subjects with worsening NYHA from baseline. ○ Change in European 5-dimensional health scale (EQ-5D-5L) score from baseline.
[0193] Other goals include the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Mazdutide in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity. The endpoint under this goal is to evaluate the population PK characteristics of Mazdutide
[0194] The exploratory goal is to evaluate the effect of Mazdutide compared with placebo on heart failure outcome events, and epicardial fat (cardiac CT) in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity.
[0195] The exploratory endpoints are at week 36 and week 52: ●Time to the first heart failure composite endpoint event (e.g., cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, heart failure emergency department visit, oral diuretic intensification event (oral loop diuretic increase or new initiation of oral loop diuretic) ) . ●Changes in volume and density of epicardial fat (EAT) from baseline.
[0196] The safety goals are to evaluate: ●the effect of Mazdutide on the incidence of heart failure events in subjects with HFpEF / HFmrEF and obesity compared with placebo. ●the safety and tolerability of Mazdutide compared with placebo in subjects with HFpEF and obesity.
[0197] The safety endpoints are: ●Incidence of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) ●Incidence of serious adverse events (SAE) ●Rates of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and worsening heart failure events (heart failure hospitalizations, heart failure emergency department visits) ●Changes in vital signs, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram parameters from baseline ●Incidence of adverse events of special interest (AESI) .
[0198] This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide in Chinese subjects with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction / mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF / HFmrEF) and obesity (BMI ≥28kg / m2) . This study plans to enroll approximately 141 subjects with NYHA class II-III obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction / mildly reduced ejection fraction. Qualified subjects will be randomly assigned to the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group or placebo group in a 1: 1: 1 ratio. The randomization stratification factor is whether there is atrial fibrillation during the screening period (by medical history / electrocardiogram during the screening period) .
[0199] The entire trial period includes a 2-week screening period, a 52-week double-blind treatment period, and a 4-week safety follow-up period.
[0200] Mazdutide 4 mg group: QW subcutaneous injection; Mazdutide 2.0 mg for 4 week + Mazdutide 4.0 mg for 48 weeks.
[0201] Mazdutide 6 mg group: QW subcutaneous injection; Mazdutide 2.0 mg for 4 week +Mazdutide 4.0 mg for 4 weeks + Mazdutide 6.0 mg for 44 weeks.
[0202] Placebo group: QW subcutaneous injection for 52 weeks. Subjects must meet all of the following inclusion criteria to be included in the study: ●BMI≥28kg / m2 ●NYHA Class II-III ●Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) ≥45%during screening period ●There were no hospitalizations due to heart failure from the screening visit (V1) to the random visit (V2) . ●Able to complete 6MWT during the screening period and with a distance of 100 meters to 425 meters (including both ends) . ●The KCCQ-CSS score during the screening period and before randomization is <80 points. ●Medications for heart failure (including SGLT-2i, ACEI / ARB / ARNI, β receptor blockers, MRA, diuretics, etc. ) , antihypertensive drugs, and antidiabetic drugs should be stabilized for ≥4 weeks if used before screening; or the drug should be discontinued for ≥4 weeks if not used before screening. ●One of the following: 1) If BMI<35kg / m2: NT-proBNP ≥200pg / mL (subjects with sinus rhythm) or NT-proBNP ≥600pg / mL (subjects with persistent / permanent atrial fibrillation) during the screening period; if BMI≥35kg / m2: NT-proBNP ≥125pg / mL (subjects with sinus rhythm) or NT-proBNP ≥365pg / mL (subjects with persistent / permanent atrial fibrillation) during the screening period and at least one of the following (based on echocardiogram report during screening period or within 6 months before screening) : ■ i. Spacing e’ <7 cm / sor side wall e’ <10 cm / sor average E / e’ ≥15 ■ ii. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure >35mmHg ■ iii. Evidence of left atrial (LA) enlargement (LA anteroposterior diameters ≥38mm, LA left and right diameters ≥50mm, LA area ≥20.0cm2, LA volume ≥55mL, or LA volume index ≥29 mL / m2) 2) Hospitalization due to decompensation of heart failure within 12 months before the screening period and treated with intravenous loop diuretics and at least two of the following (based on the screening period or echocardiogram report within 6 months before screening) : ■ i. Spacing e’ <7 cm / sor side wall e’ <10 cm / sor average E / e’ ≥15 ■ ii. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure >35mmHg ■ iii. Evidence of left atrial (LA) enlargement (LA anteroposterior diameters ≥38mm, LA left and right diameters ≥50mm, LA area ≥20.0cm2, LA volume ≥55mL, or LA volume index ≥29 mL / m2) ■ iv. Evidence of LV hypertrophy (ventricular septum or left ventricular posterior wall thickness ≥12 mm) ■ v. Continuous use of diuretics for ≥4 weeks before screening 3) Any of the following based on previous examinations: ■ i. mean pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) ≥15mmHg or left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) ≥15mmHg based on resting cardiac catheterization ■ ii. pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) ≥15mmHg based on implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitor ■ iii. PWP or LVEDP ≥25mmHg measured by cardiac catheterization during exercise.
[0203] Subjects will not be included in the study if they meet any of the following exclusion criteria: ●Cardiovascular system related: 1. Have had myocardial infarction, stroke, or transient ischemic attack (TIA) , or hospitalized due to acute heart failure and used any respiratory and circulatory assistive devices (such as intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) / interventional artificial heart (IMPELLA) / extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) / continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) , etc. ) within 3 months before screening. 2. Have had unstable angina, or used intravenous diuretics, intravenous inotropic agents, or intravenous vasoactive drugs due to decompensation of heart failure within 30 days before screening. 3. Poorly controlled hypertension during the screening period, with systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg; systolic blood pressure <90mmHg during the screening period 4. The ECG results during the screening period show heart rate <50 beats / min or heart rate >110 beats / min, or electrocardiogram shows QTcF>500 ms during the screening period. 5. Planned coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) ) , atrial flutter / fibrillation ablation, valve repair / replacement, or carotid artery or peripheral artery recanalization within 3 months before screening or during the study. 6. Implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) within 1 year before screening or intracavity electrogram showing persistent abnormal discharge. 7. Have received cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) or any left ventricular assist device implanted. 8. Past medical history of heart failure or dyspnea caused by any other cause (for example, heart failure caused by restrictive cardiomyopathy or infiltrative cardiomyopathy (eg, amyloidosis) , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, primary pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, right heart failure caused by lung disease, complex congenital heart disease, moderate or above anemia (hemoglobin <90g / L during screening period) , or moderate or above valvular heart disease) . ●Obesity related: 9. Have previously undergone or plan to undergo bariatric surgery during the study period 10. Weight change >5 kg within 12 weeks before screening (self-reported by the subject) 11. Have endocrine diseases or medical history that may significantly affect body weight. ●Blood sugar related: 12. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) during the screening period >9.5% 13. Previously diagnosed with type 1 diabetes or special types of diabetes. 14. Have used GLP-1R agonist, GLP-1R / GCGR (glucagon receptor) agonist, GIPR (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor) / GLP-1R agonist, or GIPR / GLP-1R / GCGR agonists within 3 months before screening; subjects who stopped taking the above drugs due to lack of efficacy or intolerance more than 3 months before screening must also be excluded. 15. Have used insulin to control diabetes within 3 months before screening, except for short-term use of insulin in acute conditions (≤14 days in total) for conditions such as acute illness and surgery. The last insulin treatment was <14 days from the screening day. 16. Ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar state, or lactic acidosis occurred 2 or more times within 6 months before screening. 17. Have experienced grade 2 or 3 (severe) hypoglycemia as defined by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) hypoglycemia grading standards, or 3 or more symptomatic hypoglycemia within 6 months before screening. The subject should also be excluded if the researcher believes that the subject is unable to communicate and understand the symptoms of hypoglycemia, which may interfere with receiving appropriate treatment. 18. There has been proliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy that progresses rapidly or requires emergency treatment. 19. Painful diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer, and intermittent claudication during the screening period Others: 20. Have a past history of medullary thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A or 2B, or family history. 21. Have a history of acute or chronic pancreatitis, or blood amylase or lipase >2.0× upper limit of normal value (ULN) during the screening period, or fasting triglycerides ≥5.64 mmol / L (500 mg / dl) . 22. Clinically significant gastric emptying abnormalities (such as severe diabetic gastroparesis, gastric pyloric obstruction, etc. ) or gastrointestinal surgery. 23. eGFR <30ml / min / 1.73 m2 during the screening period, or continuous / intermittent hemodialysis / peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease. 24. Have active or untreated malignant tumors within 5 years before screening, or are in remission of clinical malignant tumors (except for subjects without recurrence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, carcinoma in situ of the prostate, or papillary thyroid carcinoma after surgery) . 25. Subjects who the researcher believes may be allergic to ingredients in the study drug or similar drugs 26. Have used within 3 months before screening or currently using drugs that may cause significant weight gain, including but not limited to: tricyclic antidepressants, psychiatric drugs, or sedative drugs (such as imipramine, amitriptyline, mirtazapine, paroxetine, phenelzine, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, clozapine, olanzapine, valproic acid, valproic acid derivatives, lithium salts) . 27. Use of drugs with weight loss effect within 3 months before screening or plan to use during the trial, such as semaglutide, tilpotide, benaglutide, liraglutide, orlistat, and cetamide hydrochloride, Butramine, phenylpropanolamine, chlorbenzindole, phentermine, lorcaserin hydrochloride, phentermine, phentermine / topiramate, bupropion and naltrexone / bupropion, etc. 28. receiving chronic (>2 weeks) systemic glucocorticoid treatment, or have used glucocorticoids within 4 weeks before screening (excluding topical, intraocular, intranasal, and inhaled administration) . 29. Participated in other clinical trials and received treatment with experimental drugs or medical devices within 3 months before screening. 30. Acute and chronic hepatitis (except chronic hepatitis B) , other symptoms and signs of liver disease, or ALT>3.0×ULN (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ALT>5.0×ULN) , or AST>3.0×ULN, or total bilirubin Total bilirubin (TBIL) >2.0×ULN. 31. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) during the screening period is >6.0 mIU / L or <0.4 mIU / L. Patients with hypothyroidism who have been on stable doses of thyroid hormone replacement therapy for at least 3 months, have normal thyroid function during the screening period, and are expected to have the same dose throughout the study can be enrolled. 32. Serum calcitonin ≥35 ng / L (pg / mL) during the screening period. 33. History of atopy (clinical manifestations of severe or multiple allergies) or clinically significant multiple or severe drug allergies, or intolerance to topical glucocorticoids, or severe post-treatment hypersensitivity reactions (including but not limited to erythema multiforme, linear immunoglobulin A dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylaxis, angioedema or exfoliative dermatitis) . 34. Evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or positive HIV antibody, or hepatitis C (HCV) antibody, or syphilis antibody in the past or during the screening period. 35. During the screening period, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is positive and the hepatitis B virus DNA copy number is ≥1000 IU / ml (for subjects who have not received drug treatment) , or are receiving anti-hepatitis B virus treatment. 36. Have a history of organ transplantation (except corneal transplantation and autologous skin transplantation) , or are preparing to receive an organ transplant. 37. Major surgeries that may affect the subject's ability to walk may be planned during the study period, as determined by the investigator. 38. History of alcohol and drug abuse during screening period. Average weekly alcohol intake more than 21 units for men and 14 units for women (1 unit = 360 ml of beer, or 150 ml of red wine, or 45 ml of distilled spirits / liquor) . 39. Previous suicidal tendencies or behaviors. 40. PHQ-9 questionnaire (depression screening scale) ≥15 points at screening or randomization. 41. The researcher believes that the subject has any other factors that may affect the efficacy and safety evaluation of this study or affect compliance (including previous severe mental illness) and is not suitable to participate in this study.
[0204] Treatment estimand represents efficacy regardless of completion of protocol-required treatment and with or without medications and surgery targeted at weight loss.
[0205] Efficacy estimand represents efficacy before premature discontinuation of study medication or initiation of medications and surgery targeted at weight loss. The treatment estimand is the main estimand. This study will be analyzed mainly based on the treatment estimand. If the primary endpoint under the treatment estimand is achieved, this study will be considered to have obtained positive results. Analyses based on efficacy estimand will serve as supporting evidence. There will be no multiplicity adjustment between the two estimands.
Claims
1.A method of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.2.A method of treating heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.3.A method of delaying or ameliorating heart failure in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the subject has a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that is at least about 40%.4.The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the subject has a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that is at least about 45%, optionally wherein the subject has a LVEF of about any of 45%to 50%, 50%to 55%, 55%to 60%, 60%to 65%, 65%to 70%, or above 70%.5.The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg to about 8 mg, or about 2 mg to about 6 mg.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, optionally wherein the escalating dose of about 2.0 mg is administered for at least 4 weeks.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly is administered for at least 4 to 48 weeks, e.g. at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.8.The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, and b) a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 32 weeks, optionally wherein the method comprises a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 48 weeks.9.The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the first escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, and wherein the second escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks.11.The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly is administered for at least 4 to 48 weeks, e.g. at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.12.The method of any one of claim 9-11, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 28 weeks, optionally wherein the method comprises a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 44 weeks.13.The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 28 kg / m2, optionally wherein the subject has a BMI of at least about any of 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2, or 34 kg / m2.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2, optionally wherein the subject has a NT-proBNP of at least about 200 pg / mL.15.The method of claim 13, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI of no more than or less than about 35 kg / m2, optionally wherein the subject has a NT-proBNP of at least about 125 pg / mL.16.The method of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the subject has a baseline HbA1c of less than about 9.5%.17.The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the subject has Type 2 diabetes.18.The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the subject does not have Type 2 diabetes.19.The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the subject has atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment.20.The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the subject does not have atrial fibrillation (AFib) prior to the treatment.21.The method of any one of claims 1-20, wherein the subject has a New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or HYHA Class III heart failure at baseline.22.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the subject has a) a baseline 6-minute walking test result of at least about 100 meters and no more than about 450 meters, and / or b) a baseline KCCQ-CSS of less than about 80.23.The method of any one of claims 1-22, wherein the subject has been subject to a prior treatment for heart failure.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the prior treatment for heart failure is selected from the group consisting of a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , and a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) , optionally wherein the prior treatment is a SGLT2 inhibitor, further optionally wherein the SGLT2 inhibitor is dapagliflozin or empagliflozin.25.The method of any one of claims 1-24, wherein the subject is subject to a second agent during treatment, optionally wherein the second agent is selected from the group consisting of a SGLT2 inhibitor, a diuretic, an angiotensin enzyme converter inhibitor (AECI) , an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) , an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) , and a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) .26.The method of claim 25, wherein the subject has been subject to a prior SLGT2 inhibitor and is subject to the same SLGT2 inhibitor during treatment at the same dose.27.The method of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the method further comprising determining if the subject has heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) .28.The method of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the subject has been diagnosed as having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) .29.The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprising selecting the subject for treatment based upon the diagnosis of the HFpEF or HFmrEF.