Method and apparatus for power control for integrated sensing and communication

Abstract

A method for controlling sensing signal power of a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: setting initial transmission power of a sensing signal; transmitting the sensing signal with the initial transmission power or transmitting an initial transmission power value to a terminal; and controlling transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the base station or controlling transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the terminal, on the basis of a reflected signal received from a sensing object or a sensing result received from the terminal.

Description

Power control method and device for the integration of communication and sensing

[0001] The present invention relates to wireless communication, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for power control of a sensing signal to simultaneously support communication and sensing in a wireless communication system.

[0002] Recently, communication systems are required to go beyond simple data transmission and integrate sensing functions that detect and analyze the surrounding environment. In particular, in mobile communication systems beyond 5G, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is emerging as a key technology.

[0003] Conventional radar-based sensing systems faced problems such as high implementation costs and low frequency resource efficiency due to the need for dedicated frequency bands and separate hardware. In particular, regarding transmission power control for sensing, the separation of the communication system from the sensing system led to interference between the systems and made efficient power management difficult.

[0004] In ISAC systems, various sensing applications require different levels of sensing performance, which also affects the power control of sensing signals. For example, applications such as collision avoidance in autonomous vehicles, safety management for robot workers in smart factories, and flight path tracking for drones each require different levels of sensing accuracy and range, necessitating appropriate power control measures.

[0005] In the above-described view, the embodiments of the present invention provide an efficient sensing signal power control method in an ISAC system.

[0006] Specifically, the present invention aims to provide a method for adaptively controlling the power of a sensing signal according to the purpose of sensing and the required accuracy.

[0007] In addition, the present invention aims to systematically classify the Quality of Sensing (QoS) requirements of various sensing applications and provide a differentiated power control method accordingly.

[0008] In addition, the present invention aims to provide a method for efficiently controlling the power of a sensing signal and avoiding interference through cooperation between adjacent cells.

[0009] In addition, the present invention aims to provide a method for supporting inter-cell cooperative sensing and avoiding interference through the sharing of resource allocation information between adjacent cells.

[0010] A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a base station in a wireless communication system provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step of setting an initial transmission power of a sensing signal; a step of transmitting the sensing signal at the initial transmission power or transmitting the initial transmission power value to a terminal; and a step of controlling the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the base station or controlling the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on a reflected signal received from a sensing object or a sensing result received from the terminal.

[0011] Here, the initial transmission power of the sensing signal can be set by considering at least one of cell coverage, interference with adjacent cells, terminal performance, the purpose of sensing, or the target sensing requirement level.

[0012] Here, controlling the transmission power of the sensing signal may be based on the sensing result and the target sensing requirement level.

[0013] Here, controlling the transmission power may increase the transmission power when the sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level, and decrease the transmission power when interference to adjacent cells or surrounding terminals exceeds a threshold.

[0014] Here, when the base station transmits the sensing signal at the initial transmission power, the base station receives a reflected signal from the sensing object, and if the received reflected signal does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level, the base station may increase the transmission power of the sensing signal it transmits.

[0015] Herein, when the terminal transmits the sensing signal and the base station receives the reflected signal, the method may include the step of transmitting sensing setting information to the terminal, wherein the sensing setting information includes sensing resource information and the initial transmission power; the step of receiving the reflected signal from the sensing object, wherein the reflected signal is a signal reflected from the sensing object of the sensing signal transmitted with the initial transmission power value; the step of generating a power control command to control the transmission power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the received reflected signal; and the step of transmitting the generated power control command to the terminal.

[0016] Herein, when the terminal transmits the sensing signal and receives a sensing result from the terminal, the method may include the step of transmitting sensing setting information to the terminal, wherein the sensing setting information includes sensing resource information and the initial transmission power; the step of receiving the sensing result received from the terminal, wherein the sensing result received from the terminal is generated based on a reflected signal received by the terminal from the sensing object; the step of generating a power control command that controls the transmission power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the received sensing result; and the step of transmitting the generated power control command to the terminal.

[0017] A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a terminal in a wireless communication system provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises: receiving information for transmitting a sensing signal from a base station; setting an initial transmission power of the sensing signal based on the received information; transmitting the sensing signal at the initial transmission power; and controlling the transmission power of the sensing signal based on a sensing result by the sensing signal.

[0018] Here, the step of setting the initial transmission power can determine the initial transmission power based on the target sensing requirement level.

[0019] Here, the step of controlling the transmission power may increase the transmission power when the sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level, and decrease the transmission power when interference to an adjacent cell or surrounding terminal exceeds a threshold.

[0020] A sensing signal power control device of a base station in a wireless communication system provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to set an initial transmission power of a sensing signal, transmit the sensing signal at the initial transmission power or transmit the initial transmission power value to a terminal, and, based on a reflected signal received from a sensing object or a sensing result received from the terminal, control the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the base station or control the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the terminal.

[0021] Here, the initial transmission power of the sensing signal can be set by considering at least one of cell coverage, interference with adjacent cells, terminal performance, the purpose of sensing, or the target sensing requirement level.

[0022] Here, the processor may be configured to receive a reflected signal from the sensing object when the base station transmits the sensing signal at the initial transmission power, and to increase the transmission power of the sensing signal transmitted by the base station when the received reflected signal does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level.

[0023] Here, the processor may be configured to transmit sensing setting information to the terminal when the terminal transmits the sensing signal and the base station receives the reflected signal, wherein the sensing setting information includes sensing resource information and the initial transmission power, receive the reflected signal from the sensing object, wherein the reflected signal is a signal reflected from the sensing object of the sensing signal transmitted with the initial transmission power value, generate a power control command to control the transmission power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the received reflected signal, and transmit the generated power control command to the terminal.

[0024] Here, the processor may be configured to transmit sensing setting information to the terminal when the terminal transmits the sensing signal and receives a sensing result from the terminal, wherein the sensing setting information includes sensing resource information and the initial transmission power, receive the sensing result received from the terminal, wherein the sensing result received from the terminal is generated based on a reflected signal received by the terminal from the sensing object, generate a power control command to control the transmission power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the received sensing result, and transmit the generated power control command to the terminal.

[0025] Here, the processor can be configured to increase the transmission power when the sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level, and to decrease the transmission power when interference to an adjacent cell or surrounding terminal exceeds a threshold.

[0026] Here, the processor can be configured to increase or decrease power in steps, wherein the magnitude of the power increase or decrease step is set differently according to the target sensing requirement level.

[0027] A sensing signal power control device of a terminal in a wireless communication system provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises a memory; a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the processor receives information for transmitting a sensing signal from a base station, sets an initial transmission power of the sensing signal based on the received information, transmits the sensing signal at the initial transmission power, and controls the transmission power of the sensing signal based on a sensing result of the sensing signal.

[0028] Here, the processor can be configured to determine the initial transmission power based on the target sensing requirement level.

[0029] Here, the processor may be configured to increase the transmission power when the sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level, and to decrease the transmission power when interference to an adjacent cell or surrounding terminal exceeds a threshold.

[0030] According to embodiments of the present invention, sensing performance can be optimized and system resources can be prevented by efficiently controlling the power of the sensing signal. In addition, the performance requirements of each sensing application can be effectively satisfied by differentially controlling the power according to the sensing QoS level.

[0031] Furthermore, by regulating the power of sensing signals through cooperation with adjacent cells, inter-cell interference can be effectively avoided, and the sensing performance of the entire network can be optimized. In particular, efficiently controlling the power of the terminal's sensing signals minimizes interference between terminals and reduces battery consumption. Additionally, AI / ML-based power control enables increasingly effective power management over time.

[0032] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 is a configuration diagram of a communication system to which the present invention is applied.

[0034] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a communication node according to the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an AI / ML-based RAN intelligence framework according to the present invention.

[0036] FIG. 4 illustrates an AI / ML framework that can be applied to embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the basic configuration of the ISAC system.

[0038] Figures 6a, 6b, and 6c are diagrams illustrating various structures for transmitting and receiving sensing signals.

[0039] Figure 7 illustrates three major scenarios related to power control of sensing signals in an ISAC system.

[0040] Figure 8 is a diagram explaining the power control method of the sensing signal in an ISAC system from three perspectives.

[0041] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a power control method according to a sensing topology according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] FIG. 10 illustrates a method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] FIG. 11 illustrates a method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] FIG. 12 illustrates a power control cooperation structure between cells through a network management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a procedure in which a terminal transmits a sensing signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a base station controls the power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on a reflected signal received from an object.

[0046] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a base station when, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a terminal transmits a sensing signal and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on a reflected signal received from an object.

[0047] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a terminal when, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the terminal transmits a sensing signal and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on a reflected signal received from an object.

[0048] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a procedure in which a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention transmits a sensing signal and transmits a result report generated from a received reflected signal to a base station, and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal based on the result report received from the terminal.

[0049] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a base station in which a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention transmits a sensing signal and transmits a result report generated from a received reflected signal to a base station, and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal based on the result report received from the terminal.

[0050] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention when the terminal transmits a sensing signal and transmits a result report generated from a received reflected signal to a base station, and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal based on the result report received from the terminal.

[0051] The present invention is susceptible to various modifications and may have various embodiments; specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. However, this is not intended to limit the invention to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the invention includes all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. Similar reference numerals have been used for similar components in the description of each drawing.

[0052] Terms such as first, second, A, B, etc., may be used to describe various components, but said components shall not be limited by said terms. These terms are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be named the second component, and similarly, the second component may be named the first component. The term "and / or" includes a combination of a plurality of related described items or any of a plurality of related described items.

[0053] In embodiments of the present invention, "at least one of A and B" may mean "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of one or more combinations of A and B". Additionally, in embodiments of the present invention, "at least one of A and B" may mean "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of one or more combinations of A and B".

[0054] In the embodiments of the present application, (re)transmission may mean "transmission," "retransmission," or "transmission and retransmission"; (re)setting may mean "setting," "resetting," or "setting and resetting"; (re)connection may mean "connection," "reconnection," or "connection and reconnection"; and (re)connection may mean "connection," "reconnection," or "connection and reconnection".

[0055] When it is stated that one component is "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that while it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, there may also be other components in between. On the other hand, when it is stated that one component is "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components in between.

[0056] The terms used in this application are used merely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, terms such as "comprising" or "having" are intended to specify the presence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should be understood as not precluding the existence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0057] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this application.

[0058] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. In order to facilitate an overall understanding of the present invention, the same reference numerals are used for identical components in the drawings, and redundant descriptions of identical components are omitted.

[0059] The communication network to which the embodiments according to the present invention are applied is not limited to the details described below, and the embodiments according to the present invention may be applied to various communication networks. Here, the term "communication network" may be used interchangeably with "communication system."

[0060] Throughout the specification, the network may include, for example, 5G mobile communication networks such as 5G and 5G-Advance, 4G mobile communication networks such as LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-Advanced, next-generation wireless LANs such as WiFi 6 / 6E, 6G mobile communication networks, satellite communication networks, etc.

[0061]

[0062] Throughout the specification, the terminal may be referred to as a terminal, access terminal, mobile terminal, station, subscriber station, mobile station, portable subscriber station, node, device, etc.

[0063] Here, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet PCs, wireless phones, mobile phones, smartphones, smart watches, smart glasses, e-book readers, PMPs (portable multimedia players), portable game consoles, navigation devices, digital cameras, DMB (digital multimedia broadcasting) players, digital audio recorders, digital audio players, digital picture recorders, digital picture players, digital video recorders, digital video players, automobiles, robots, drones, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used.

[0064] Throughout the specification, base stations may be referred to as Node B, evolved Node B, gNodeB, BTS (base transceiver station), radio base station, radio transceiver, access point, access node, roadside unit (RSU), DU (digital unit), CDU (cloud digital unit), RRH (radio remote head), RU (radio unit), TP (transmission point), TRP (transmission and reception point), relay node, etc.

[0065] In the following, embodiments according to the present invention are described with reference to a 3GPP 5G NR (New Radio) mobile communication system, and prior art documents defining the operation of a 3GPP 5G NR mobile communication system may be referenced. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings below.

[0066] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of the present invention can be applied.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system (100) may include a plurality of communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6). The plurality of communication nodes may support 4G communication (e.g., LTE (long term evolution), LTE-A (advanced)), 5G communication (e.g., 5G, 5G-Advanced), etc., as defined in 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) standards. 4G communication may be performed in a frequency band of 6 GHz or lower, and 5G communication may be performed not only in a frequency band of 6 GHz or lower but also in a frequency band of 6 GHz or higher.

[0068] For example, for 4G communication and 5G communication, multiple communication nodes can support communication protocols based on CDMA (code division multiple access), WCDMA (wideband CDMA), TDMA (time division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), Filtered OFDM, CP (cyclic prefix)-OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM (discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM), OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), SC (single carrier)-FDMA, NOMA (Non-orthogonal Multiple Access), GFDM (generalized frequency division multiplexing), FBMC (filter bank multi-carrier) based communication protocol, UFMC (universal filtered multi-carrier) based communication protocol, SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access) based communication protocol, etc.

[0069] Additionally, the communication system (100) may further include a core network (not shown). If the communication system (100) supports 4G communication, the core network may include an S-GW (serving-gateway), a P-GW (PDN (packet data network)-gateway), an MME (mobility management entity), etc. If the communication system (100) supports 5G communication, the core network may include a UPF (user plane function), an SMF (session management function), an AMF (access and mobility management function), etc.

[0070] Meanwhile, each of the plurality of communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) constituting the communication system (100) may have a structure described later in FIG. 2. In addition, as an example, the communication system (100) described above may be applied not only to 5G communication but also to subsequent next-generation communication systems (e.g., 6G), and is not limited to a specific form.

[0071] Multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3) can each form a macro cell, and base stations (120-1, 120-2) can each form a small cell. For example, the cell coverage of the first base station (110-1) may include the fourth base station (120-1), the third terminal (130-3), and the fourth terminal (130-4). The cell coverage of the second base station (110-2) may include the second terminal (130-2), the fourth terminal (130-4), and the fifth terminal (130-5). The cell coverage of the third base station (110-3) may include the fifth base station (120-2), the fourth terminal (130-4), the fifth terminal (130-5), and the sixth terminal (130-6).

[0072] In particular, each base station may operate as part of a Radio Access Network (RAN) domain that includes AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) functions. According to an embodiment of the present invention, each base station may include at least one of ML pre-training, ML training, and AI / ML inference functions, and these functions may be flexibly implemented within the base station. For example, base stations forming a macro cell may include all three functions, and base stations forming a small cell may include only the AI / ML inference function.

[0073] Each of the multiple base stations may operate in different frequency bands or in the same frequency band. Each of the multiple base stations may be connected to one another via an ideal backhaul link or a non-ideal backhaul link, and may exchange information with one another via an ideal backhaul link or a non-ideal backhaul link.

[0074] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of each communication node constituting the communication system of FIG. 1.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 2, the communication node (200) may include at least one processor (210), a memory (220), and a transceiver (230) that is connected to a network to perform communication. Additionally, the communication node (200) may further include an input interface device (240), an output interface device (250), a storage device (260), etc. Each component included in the communication node (200) may be connected by a bus (270) to communicate with one another.

[0076] However, each component included in the communication node (200) may be connected via individual interfaces or individual buses centered around the processor (210), rather than via a common bus (270). For example, the processor (210) may be connected via a dedicated interface to at least one of a memory (220), a transmission / reception device (230), an input interface device (240), an output interface device (250), and a storage device (260).

[0077] The processor (210) can execute a program command stored in at least one of the memory (220) and the storage device (260). The processor (210) may be a central processing unit (CPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor on which methods according to embodiments of the present invention are performed.

[0078] The processor (210) may be configured to execute AI / ML functions according to the present invention. For example, program instructions for ML pre-training, ML training, or AI / ML inference functions may be stored in memory (220) and executed by the processor (210). The processor (210) may include a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor neural network processing unit (NPU) for AI / ML computation.

[0079] Each of the memory (220) and the storage device (260) may be composed of at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. For example, the memory (220) may be composed of at least one of read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). The storage device (260) may store AI / ML model parameters, training data, inference results, etc.

[0080] The transmitting and receiving device (230) may provide an interface for wired or wireless communication. For example, the transmitting and receiving device (230) may communicate with other network entities through a fronthole interface.

[0081] Meanwhile, embodiments of the present invention may be performed by AI (Artificial Intelligence) machine learning or deep learning technology.

[0082] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a functional framework for RAN intelligence utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) that can be applied to embodiments of the present invention.

[0083] Referring to Fig. 3, RAN intelligence with AI / ML enabled can be considered. For example, specific AI / ML algorithms can be configured in various forms and are not limited to a specific form.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 3, the data collection unit (310) may be an entity that provides input data to the model training unit (320) and the model inference unit (330). For example, the input data may be at least one of a measurement value by another network entity, a feedback value by terminals, and a feedback value for the output of an AI / ML model, but is not limited thereto. Here, the training data provided by the data collection unit (310) to the model training unit (320) may be data provided for the AI / ML model training function. Additionally, the inference data provided by the data collection unit (310) to the model inference unit (330) may be data provided for the AI / ML model inference function. Here, the model training unit (320) may be an entity that performs training, validation, and testing of the AI / ML model, thereby providing performance metrics for the AI / ML model. The model training unit (320) can provide and update an AI / ML model to the model inference unit (330), and the model inference unit (330) can provide model performance feedback to the model training unit (320). That is, the model training unit (320) can perform training on the AI / ML model through the feedback from the model inference unit (330) and provide the updated AI / ML model back to the model inference unit (330). In addition, the model inference unit (330) can receive inference data from the data collection unit (310), generate an output through the received AI / ML model, and provide it to an actor (340). Here, the actor (340) may be a subject that performs an action according to the output, and the action performed by the actor (340) may be fed back to the data collection unit (310) and provided to the model training unit (320) as training data.

[0085] In other words, data for learning (or training) an AI / ML model is provided so that the AI / ML model is learned and built, and inference data is provided to the built AI / ML model to produce output, thereby enabling AI / ML model-based operations to be performed.

[0086] FIG. 4 illustrates an AI / ML framework that can be applied to embodiments of the present invention.

[0087] Referring to FIG. 4, the AI / ML framework (400) may be composed of a data collection block (410), a model training block (420), a model management block (430), a model inference block (440), and a model storage block (450). FIG. 4 is merely an example of an AI / ML framework, and various entities / functions / blocks not disclosed in FIG. 4 may be added to the AI / ML framework, and at least some of the blocks disclosed in FIG. 4 may be omitted.

[0088] The data collection block (410) can be performed in the LCM for various purposes such as model training, model inference, model monitoring, model selection, and model updating. The data collection block (410) of FIG. 4 may be a block that conceptually represents data sources and entities holding data for training, inference, and monitoring. Although the data collection block (410) of FIG. 4 is represented as a single block, data collection for training, inference, and monitoring may have various characteristics and requirements. Additionally, the timescale of training and monitoring (e.g., real-time or offline) may require individual consideration.

[0089] Regarding training, training data may be initially generated in the network and UEs. The initial data may be collected (or transmitted) by one or more data collection entities. Data collection entities may be owned by various entities, such as internal or external UEs / chipset / network vendors, network operators, and positioning service providers.

[0090] With respect to inference, inference data for the UE-side model and / or the UE portion of both-sided models may be transmitted or provided directly from the UE. Inference data for the network-side model and / or the network portion of both-sided models may be transmitted or provided directly from the network, or may be transmitted from the UE.

[0091] Regarding monitoring, monitoring data for UE-side monitoring may be transmitted or provided directly from the UE. Monitoring data for network-side monitoring may be transmitted or provided directly from the network, or it may be transmitted from the UE.

[0092] Data collection for real-time operations such as real-time model monitoring, switching, and selection can incur significant signaling overhead. Conversely, infrequent data collection to reduce signaling overhead can result in latency for real-time model monitoring, switching, and selection.

[0093] The model training block (420) may include both initial training and model updates. Generally, model training can be divided into model training conducted alongside model development and subsequent training for the developed model. The model training block (420) in FIG. 4 is represented as a single block for simplification.

[0094] Depending on the location of the dataset and / or the region where the model (or untrained model) is located, training may be performed internally within the network or by external entities such as UEs, chipset / network vendors, network operators, and positioning service providers. Since AI / ML model development is generally an iterative process of data collection, model design, training, and performance validation, careful implementation considerations regarding power consumption, hardware scope, latency, and concurrency with other layer functions are required for AI / ML model development.

[0095] When large-scale field data is collected from a data collection entity, the vendor responsible for model development must have access to said data. Typically, model development is an offline engineering process performed by an engineering team that requires access to large datasets collected in the field. In other words, decisions regarding model structure, device-specific optimizations, and the number of models to develop (e.g., generalizable versus specific models) may depend on the large-scale field data. If the vendor owning the data collection entity is different from the vendor responsible for model development, the vendor responsible for model development must have access to the dataset. This can be achieved through explicit dataset sharing or by providing access to the collected dataset. Dataset sharing / access may be relevant to two-sided models where both the gNB vendor and the UE / chipset vendor must participate in the model development and training processes.

[0096] After the model is developed and trained, the model can be stored in a model repository or a model storage block (450) and delivered to a target device. The model can be compiled into an executable file for inference. Here, various methods may exist depending on the location where the model is trained, the model storage / delivery format, the location where the model is hosted before delivery, etc.

[0097] The model inference block (440) is a function that provides AI / ML model inference output, such as prediction or decision. The model inference block (440) may also provide model performance feedback to the model training block (420). The model inference block (440) may be responsible for data preparation, such as data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, and transformation, based on the inference data delivered by the data collection block (410).

[0098] Model management may include functionality / model monitoring, selection, activation, deactivation, switching, fallback, etc. FIG. 4 illustrates a single model management block (430), but not all aspects of model management may be implemented in a single location. Some aspects of model monitoring, activation / deactivation, selection, switching, and fallback may be performed on the network side, and other aspects may be performed on the UE side. With regard to model selection, activation, deactivation, switching, and fallback for UE-side models and both-side models, mechanisms related to decisions by the network initiated by the network, mechanisms related to decisions by the network initiated by the UE and requested by the network, mechanisms related to decisions by the UE that are event-triggered by the network and where the UE's decision is reported to the network, mechanisms related to decisions by the UE that are UE-autonomous and where the UE's decision is reported to the network, and mechanisms related to decisions by the UE that are UE-autonomous and where the UE's decision is not reported to the network may be considered.

[0099] In the following, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) related to embodiments of the present invention is described.

[0100] Radar is the most representative example of wireless sensing technology. RADAR stands for Radio Detection And Ranging and refers to an information system that detects objects and determines their direction, distance, and speed by measuring the reflected waves that return after radiated electromagnetic waves strike an object. Radar can detect how far away an object is and in what direction and at what speed it is moving from a considerable distance away. Furthermore, because it uses radio waves to detect objects, it has the advantage of operating effectively even in atmospheric conditions such as rain, fog, snow, and smoke, as well as maintaining the same functionality at night in complete darkness. However, such radar operation requires the allocation of a dedicated frequency with a significant bandwidth, as well as the installation and operation of dedicated transmitters and receivers. This acts as a limitation in terms of the efficient use of frequency resources and system construction costs.

[0101] Recently, active technical discussions have been underway regarding methods that integrate communication and sensing into a single system, offering significant advantages over existing mobile communication systems and sensor networks in terms of investment efficiency and frequency resource utilization. At 3GPP, a technology is being discussed under the name ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) that integrates communication and sensing functions to perform both functions simultaneously within a single system.

[0102] ISAC technology is expected to be fully realized with the future development of 6G networks. ISAC primarily uses millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands and is known to require advanced beamforming and new waveform design.

[0103] 3GPP defines 5G wireless sensing as "a 5G system function that uses NR RF signals to obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, speed, location, distance between objects, or relative movement, etc.)."

[0104] ISAC technology is expected to enable new services and use cases across various industries. For instance, it can be utilized for object detection and tracking, environmental monitoring, and human motion monitoring, and can be applied to diverse fields such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), smart homes, V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), and factories. Specifically, in road environments, it can improve traffic safety by detecting the movements of pedestrians or vehicles, while in smart factories, it can enhance operational efficiency and safety by tracking the real-time locations of robots and workers. Furthermore, in smart homes, it can be used as a security system to provide personalized services by analyzing residents' behavioral patterns or to detect intruders.

[0105] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the basic configuration of the ISAC system.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 5, the base station (520) can communicate with the UE (510) via a communication link and simultaneously detect an object (540) through a sensing path (550-1, 550-2). Additionally, the terminal (510) can also detect an object (540) through a sensing path (560-1, 560-2). For example, a base station installed on a roadside can detect pedestrians or obstacles on the road while communicating with a terminal for an autonomous vehicle. Alternatively, a base station inside a factory can determine the location of a worker while communicating with a work robot. In this way, the ISAC can perform communication and sensing functions simultaneously as a single system, and both the base station and the terminal can perform the sensing function.

[0107] The information obtainable through sensing includes not only the basic location, velocity, and acceleration of an object, but also its size, shape, and material properties. This diverse information can be utilized according to the specific application field. For example, on smart roads, vehicle speed and direction information can be used to predict collision risks, while in smart factories, worker posture information can be analyzed to monitor work safety.

[0108] Figures 6a, 6b, and 6c are diagrams illustrating the specific concept of transmitting and receiving sensing signals.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 6a, in a monostatic method, a single sensing transceiver (605) transmits a sensing signal (650), and the same sensing transceiver (605) receives a reflected signal (655) reflected from an object (620). This is a principle similar to how a bat emits ultrasound and perceives its surroundings through the reflected waves. For example, this method can be used to detect visitors with a single sensor installed at the entrance of a smart home, or to confirm the entry of a vehicle with a sensor at the entrance of a parking lot. This method has the advantage of a simple structure and easy installation, but there may be limitations in accuracy as information can only be obtained from a specific angle of the object.

[0110] Referring to FIG. 6b, in the bistatic method, a sensing signal (660) transmitted by a sensing transmitter (610) is reflected from an object (620) and received as a reflected signal (665) at a sensing receiver 1 (630) at a different location. This is similar to the principle of shining a light from one side of a soccer field and observing a player's shadow from the other. For example, it can be effectively utilized to more accurately track the movement of a robot arm in a factory or to detect pedestrians in blind spots on a road. This method allows for more accurate location estimation because it can detect objects from different angles.

[0111] Referring to FIG. 6c, in a multistatic method, a sensing signal (670) transmitted by a sensing transmitter (610) is reflected from an object (620) and received as a reflected signal (675, 680) at sensing receivers (630, 640) at various locations. This is similar to multiple CCTVs capturing a scene simultaneously from various angles. Through this multistatic structure, the location, speed, and direction of an object can be determined more accurately using measurement information. For example, it can be used to simultaneously track the movement of multiple vehicles and pedestrians at a complex intersection, or to precisely monitor the locations of multiple workers and equipment in an extensive factory workplace.

[0112] These various sensing methods can be appropriately selected based on the characteristics of the application or the required accuracy. For example, monostatic methods may be cost-effective for basic applications such as simple occupancy detection or access monitoring. On the other hand, multistatic methods may be more suitable for situations requiring high accuracy, such as collision avoidance in autonomous vehicles or precision control of industrial robots. Additionally, constraints on the installation environment and cost efficiency can also be important considerations when selecting a sensing method.

[0113] In this invention, 'Sensing QoS (Quality of Sensing)' or 'Sensing Requirements' are newly proposed to quantitatively define the quality of the sensing function in a system where communication and sensing are integrated. The Sensing QoS proposed in the embodiments of this invention is broadly defined in terms of five parameters: accuracy, resolution, latency, reliability, and update rate. Each Sensing QoS parameter is classified into high (Sensing) QoS levels, medium (Sensing) QoS levels, and low (Sensing) QoS levels, and each level is defined by a specific Sensing QoS (or Sensing Requirement) value. In actual ISACs, a number of various levels, ranging from fewer to more, can be defined depending on the situation. This is explained in detail below.

[0114] Various ISAC use cases are being discussed at 3GPP. These use cases include diverse application scenarios such as intruder detection in smart homes, pedestrian / animal detection on highways, rainfall monitoring, sensing at crosswalks, UAV flight trajectory tracking, and AGV collision avoidance in factories. Each of these use cases may require different levels of sensing performance.

[0115] For example, UAV collision avoidance requires a position accuracy of 1-2 m, a speed accuracy of 1-2 m / s, and a latency of 100-1000 ms. AMR collision avoidance in factories requires a position accuracy within 1 m, a speed accuracy of 1 m / s, a latency of 500 ms or less, and an update rate of 20 Hz. On the other hand, intruder detection in smart homes requires a position accuracy within 10 m and a latency of 1000 ms or less, as well as a missed detection rate of less than 5% and a false alarm rate of less than 2%.

[0116] The high QoS level is intended to support use cases requiring high-precision sensing, such as industrial applications, providing, for example, a distance accuracy of ±0.1m and a processing latency of 5ms or less. The medium QoS level is intended to support general use cases, such as UAV / vehicle applications, providing, for example, a distance accuracy of ±0.5m and a processing latency of 20ms or less. The low QoS level is intended to support use cases requiring low precision, such as presence detection applications, providing, for example, a distance accuracy of ±1.0m and a processing latency of 50ms or less.

[0117] In addition, considering use cases where continuous monitoring of a wide area is important rather than sensing accuracy, such as rainfall monitoring or traffic management at tourist destinations, the QoS system of the present invention includes the update rate as a key parameter. For example, at high QoS levels, a short update cycle of 10ms is provided to support applications requiring real-time performance, at medium QoS levels, a longer update cycle of 50ms is used, and at low QoS levels, a long update cycle of 100ms is used to efficiently utilize system resources and energy.

[0118] To support use cases requiring cooperation among multiple sensing entities, such as vehicle maneuvering and navigation or UAV intrusion detection, the system of the present invention includes resource allocation information sharing between adjacent cells and a cooperative sensing mechanism. In particular, at high QoS levels, high-accuracy sensing performance can be provided by utilizing diversity techniques through multiple receivers.

[0119] As such, the sensing QoS system of the present invention provides a framework that comprehensively accommodates the requirements of various use cases while systematically classifying and managing them. Through this, it is possible to ensure an appropriate level of sensing performance suitable for the requirements of each application while efficiently utilizing limited system resources.

[0120] Sensing QoS can be broadly defined in terms of parameters such as accuracy, resolution, latency, reliability, and update rate, as shown in .

[0121]

[0122] Meanwhile, each parameter defined in Sensing QoS can be divided into multiple QoS levels as shown in . In the example in , each QoS parameter can be divided into 'High QoS Level', 'Medium QoS Level', and 'Low QoS Level'. is an example of QoS levels, and depending on the various applications of ISAC, performance indicators required for the application can be configured and required values ​​for each performance indicator can be defined to create a wider variety of QoS levels.

[0123]

[0124] A high QoS level guarantees the highest level of sensing performance, providing distance accuracy of ±0.1m, speed accuracy of ±0.5km / h, and angle accuracy of ±1 degree, while ensuring a processing latency of less than 5ms and a sensing success rate of over 99.9%. This level is suitable for mission-critical applications requiring high precision and reliability, such as autonomous driving or industrial safety. For example, in a collision avoidance system for an autonomous vehicle, it must be possible to measure the distance to surrounding vehicles or pedestrians with an error of within 10cm and determine relative speed with an accuracy of within 0.5km / h to secure a safe braking distance. Furthermore, a processing latency of less than 5ms enables response within a travel distance of less than 14cm, even when driving at 100km / h.

[0125] The Medium QoS level provides intermediate performance suitable for general sensing applications, offering distance accuracy of ±0.5m, speed accuracy of ±2km / h, and angle accuracy of ±3 degrees, while guaranteeing processing latency of less than 20ms and a sensing success rate of over 99%. This level is suitable for general sensing applications such as indoor positioning.

[0126] For example, in the case of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) within a factory, a distance measurement error of about 50 cm is acceptable because the cargo transport speed is relatively low (around 5 km / h) and the surrounding environment is well controlled. Additionally, a processing delay of 20 ms corresponds to a distance of 3 cm traveled by an AGV moving at 5 km / h, enabling safe operation.

[0127] The low QoS level guarantees minimum sensing performance, providing distance accuracy of ±1.0m, speed accuracy of ±5km / h, and angle accuracy of ±5 degrees, while ensuring a processing latency of less than 50ms and a sensing success rate of over 95%. This level is suitable for applications requiring relatively low precision, such as environmental monitoring or presence detection.

[0128] For example, in applications such as detecting the presence of vehicles in a parking lot or counting the number of people inside a building, a distance measurement error of about 1 m is acceptable, and a processing delay of 50 ms is not a problem. This is because in such applications, only the presence of an object and approximate location information are required, rather than precise position or speed.

[0129] In the system of the present invention, resource allocation can be differentiated according to the QoS level of each sensing session. At a high QoS level, dedicated frequency-time resources are allocated, maximum transmit power is used, high-frequency sensing is performed with short pulse periods, and diversity through multiple receivers is utilized. At an intermediate QoS level, semi-dedicated frequency-time resources are allocated, intermediate transmit power is used, and regular sensing is performed with appropriate pulse periods. At a low QoS level, shared frequency-time resources are allocated, minimum required transmit power is used, and periodic sensing is performed with long pulse periods.

[0130] In addition, the system of the present invention can dynamically adjust the QoS level of each sensing session according to network load conditions or channel conditions. For example, in situations where network traffic is congested, the QoS level can be temporarily lowered to ensure system stability, and even when channel conditions deteriorate, the QoS level can be lowered to maintain minimum sensing performance. Conversely, when spare resources become available or channel conditions improve, the QoS level can be raised to provide a higher level of sensing performance.

[0131] In the event of an emergency, the necessary sensing performance can be guaranteed by raising the QoS level of the relevant session to a high QoS, even if the QoS level of other sensing sessions is temporarily lowered. For example, if an autonomous vehicle detects an emergency collision risk, resources from sensing sessions with low QoS levels, such as surrounding environment monitoring or parking management, can be temporarily reclaimed and allocated to sensing for collision avoidance.

[0132] Meanwhile, in an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of information when reporting a sensing result may vary depending on the sensing QoS (or sensing QoS level). Specifically, the number of bits representing the sensing result may change depending on the resolution and latency required for sensing. The number of bits of such sensing result reporting information may also affect the latency of the transmission of the sensing result. The sensing result reporting information may have a name such as, for example, 'Sensing Report Indicator (SRI),' and the format of the SRI may be set according to the sensing QoS.

[0133] For example, assume a case where a terminal senses the location of an object within a specific sensing area. If a low QoS level of resolution is required for the sensing, it may be sufficient to divide the entire sensing area into four zones and indicate the zone where the object is located. In this case, the sensing result can be represented using only 2-bit information specifying one of the four zones. This may, for example, satisfy the distance measurement accuracy of ±1.0m and a processing delay of 50ms or less defined at the low QoS level in . Depending on the sensing resolution, the number of bits for the sensing result report can be set to 2 bits, thereby minimizing the number of bits required for transmitting the sensing result.

[0134] On the other hand, if high QoS level resolution is required for the sensing, the entire sensing area can be divided more finely into more zones, for example, 16 zones, to represent the location of the object more precisely. In this case, 4 bits of information are required to specify one of the 16 zones for the sensing result. This may be, for example, to satisfy the distance measurement accuracy of ±0.1m defined at the high QoS level in . As such, although the number of bits to be transmitted increases to satisfy higher sensing resolution, more precise location information can be provided.

[0135] As shown in the example above, in the embodiment of the present invention, by differentiating the number of bits representing the sensing result according to the resolution level of the sensing QoS, the system can provide optimal performance suitable for the characteristics of each application. For example, when detecting the presence of pedestrians on a crosswalk, a 2-bit representation with a low QoS level may be sufficient, but when determining the location of a precision robot in a factory, 4 bits may be set to represent the sensing result according to the sensing QoS level with a high QoS level.

[0136] The variable bit allocation method for reporting these sensing results also affects the sensing processing delay and result transmission delay defined in . That is, while fast transmission is possible using a small number of bits at low QoS levels, relatively longer transmission times are required at high QoS levels because more bits must be transmitted.

[0137] Embodiments of the present invention regarding power control of a sensing signal are described below.

[0138] Figure 7 illustrates three major scenarios related to power control of sensing signals in an ISAC system.

[0139] Figure 7(a) shows the relationship between the power and coverage of the sensing signal. It indicates that the sensing coverage expands as the power increases from the center point. For example, when monitoring an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) inside a factory, the power of the sensing signal can be adjusted according to the required coverage area. Low power is sufficient when monitoring only a small work area, but higher power may be required when monitoring the entire large workspace.

[0140] Figure 7(b) illustrates an interference situation between adjacent cells. It indicates that interference between sensing signals may occur in the area where the two circles overlap. For example, when two adjacent base stations installed on a highway each detect a vehicle, the sensing signals from each base station may interfere with each other's coverage areas. In such situations, interference can be avoided by methods such as regulating power through inter-cell cooperation or dividing sensing resources in time.

[0141] Figure 7(c) illustrates a situation involving interference of sensing signals between terminals. For example, when multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) each perform sensing to prevent collisions, the sensing areas of each terminal, labeled UE1 and UE2, may overlap, causing mutual interference. In such cases, each terminal must transmit a sensing signal at an appropriate power level, taking into account the sensing operation of other terminals. Specifically, if adjacent terminals simultaneously transmit sensing signals at high power, it can significantly degrade each other's sensing performance; therefore, it is necessary to set the power differentially based on the distance between terminals and the purpose of sensing.

[0142] Meanwhile, these interference situations can be dynamically managed based on network load conditions or required sensing QoS levels (e.g., accuracy levels). For instance, sensing can be performed at higher power during periods of low network load, such as at night, while power can be lowered during peak daytime hours to minimize interference.

[0143] Each scenario illustrated in the drawings can be considered independently or in combination in actual implementation, and the system must perform power control to achieve optimal sensing performance in these various situations.

[0144] Figure 8 is a diagram explaining the power control method of the sensing signal in an ISAC system from three perspectives.

[0145] Figure 8(a) shows the power ramping structure of a sensing signal. This represents a method of gradually increasing power over time. For example, when detecting human movement in an indoor environment, power can be started at a low level and gradually increased until the desired sensing accuracy is achieved. This method has the advantage of preventing unnecessarily high power usage and minimizing interference with other sensing operations or communication.

[0146] Figure 8(b) illustrates a power control method based on the sensing QoS level. This shows that different power levels are applied according to three QoS levels: low QoS level, medium QoS level, and high QoS level. For example, when detecting objects near expensive precision equipment in a factory, high power at a high QoS level can be used to perform high-accuracy sensing. On the other hand, for basic sensing such as general occupancy detection, low power at a low QoS level may be sufficient.

[0147] Figure 8(c) illustrates the AI / ML-based power control optimization process. This demonstrates that performance improves progressively with each learning iteration. For example, the system learns past sensing results and power setting data to predict the optimal power level in a specific environment or situation. In a vehicle detection scenario in a parking lot, the system can learn the optimal sensing power for each time of day and weather conditions and automatically adjust it.

[0148] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a power control method according to a sensing topology according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0149] FIG. 9(a) shows a monostatic sensing structure. A sensing transceiver (605) transmits a sensing signal (650) with transmission power (Tx Power) and receives a signal (655) reflected from an object (620). For example, when detecting indoor movement with a single sensor in a smart home, the sensing transceiver (605) can determine the presence and movement of an object by measuring the reflection intensity of the signal it transmits.

[0150] FIG. 9(b) illustrates a bistatic sensing structure. A signal (660) transmitted by a sensing transmitter (610) is reflected from an object (620) and collected as a received signal (665) by a separate sensing receiver 1 (630). For example, a transmitter installed on one side of a road intersection and a receiver installed on the opposite side can cooperate to detect a vehicle or a pedestrian.

[0151] FIG. 9(c) shows a multistatic sensing structure. A sensing signal (670) transmitted by a single sensing transmitter (610) is reflected from an object (620) and collected as a received signal (675, 680) by multiple sensing receivers (630, 640), respectively. For example, in a factory environment, one transmitter and multiple receivers can be installed to perform sensing from multiple angles for precise position tracking of a robot. In this case, the transmission power must be set so as to ensure an appropriate reception strength at all receivers.

[0152] As such, power control in each topology must be optimized by considering the sensing purpose, required accuracy, coverage range, and interference with other systems.

[0153]

[0154] FIG. 10 illustrates a method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0155] Referring to FIG. 10, the base station first sets the initial transmission power of the sensing signal (S1010). At this time, the initial transmission power may be set considering cell coverage and interference with adjacent cells. Additionally, the initial transmission power may be set based on a preset initial value, a power value used in a previous sensing operation, or an AI / ML-based learning result. The initial transmission power may also be set differently depending on whether the sensing operation is monostatic, bistatic, or multistatic sensing, and an optimized initial power is applied for each type.

[0156] Next, the base station transmits a sensing signal with a set initial transmission power (S1020), and obtains and analyzes a sensing result based on the sensing signal (S1030).

[0157] The above sensing results can be analyzed in terms of the required level for sensing QoS parameters, such as sensing accuracy, sensing resolution, sensing processing latency, and sensing range—that is, the sensing QoS level. These sensing requirements can be classified into one of, for example, a high QoS level, a medium QoS level, or a low QoS level, and specific required values ​​for distance accuracy, velocity accuracy, angle accuracy, processing latency, and sensing success rate can be defined for each level.

[0158] The base station can perform power control for the sensing signal based on the sensing result (S1040). Specifically, if the base station determines based on the sensing result that adjustment of the transmission power of the sensing signal is not necessary, it may maintain the transmission power. On the other hand, if it determines that adjustment of the power of the sensing signal is necessary, the base station may control the transmission power of the sensing signal. For example, if the sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing QoS level, the base station may increase the transmission power of the sensing signal. Conversely, if it determines that the transmission power of the sensing signal is too high (e.g., when interference to neighboring cells caused by the sensing signal is above a threshold value), the base station may decrease the transmission power.

[0159] To this end, the base station may first check whether the interference to adjacent cells is below a threshold before controlling the transmission power. For example, if the interference to adjacent cells is below the threshold, the transmission power may be increased, and if it exceeds the threshold, the transmission power may be decreased.

[0160] Meanwhile, power control can be performed differentially according to the level of the target sensing QoS, and can be carried out in a stepwise increase or stepwise decrease manner.

[0161] In addition, power control and adjustment can be performed differentially according to the target sensing QoS level, and can be performed in a stepwise increasing or decreasing manner.

[0162]

[0163] FIG. 11 illustrates a method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0164] Referring to FIG. 11, the terminal first receives information for transmitting a sensing signal from a base station (S1110). This information may be received through at least one of System Information, Radio Resource Control (RRC) setting information, or Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE). The received information may include settings based on the terminal's sensing purpose (e.g., collision prevention between UAVs, collision prevention between vehicles, location determination for sidelink beamforming, etc.) or target sensing QoS level.

[0165] The terminal determines the initial transmission power of the sensing signal based on the received information (S1120) and transmits the sensing signal with the determined initial transmission power (S1130).

[0166] The initial transmission power can be set based on at least one of the target sensing QoS level, the capability of the terminal, a preset initial value, the power value used in the previous sensing operation, and the AI / ML-based learning result.

[0167] For example, when setting the initial transmission power according to the target sensing QoS level, the terminal can set a relatively high initial transmission power when a high QoS level is required (e.g., when distance accuracy of ±0.1m is required), and a relatively low initial transmission power when a low QoS level is required (e.g., when distance accuracy of ±1.0m is required). This allows sensing to be initiated with an initial power value suitable for the sensing QoS level.

[0168] As another example, the terminal can set an initial power value by considering its hardware performance and battery status, and may reuse power values ​​that were successful in previous sensing operations or predict and use an optimal initial power value through AI / ML algorithms. Alternatively, the terminal may set the initial transmission power value of the sensing signal transmitted by the base station as the initial transmission power.

[0169] Next, the terminal receives a sensing result based on the sensing signal (S1140).

[0170] The target sensing QoS level refers to the target (or required) level of parameters constituting the sensing QoS, such as sensing accuracy, sensing resolution, sensing processing latency, sensing reliability, and sensing update rate. This target sensing QoS level can be classified into one of the following levels, for example: a high QoS level, a medium QoS level, or a low QoS level.

[0171] The terminal performs power control for the sensing signal based on the sensing result (S1150). Specifically, if the terminal determines based on the sensing result that adjustment of the transmission power of the sensing signal is not necessary, it may maintain the transmission power. On the other hand, if it determines that adjustment of the power of the sensing signal is necessary, the terminal may control the transmission power of the sensing signal. For example, if the sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing QoS level, the terminal may increase the transmission power of the sensing signal. Conversely, if it determines that the transmission power of the sensing signal is too high (e.g., when interference to neighboring terminals caused by the sensing signal exceeds a threshold value), the terminal may decrease the transmission power.

[0172] To this end, the terminal may first check whether interference to adjacent terminals is below a threshold value before controlling transmission power. For example, if interference to adjacent terminals is below a threshold value, the transmission power may be increased, and if it exceeds a threshold value, the transmission power may be decreased.

[0173] In this case, power control can be performed differentially according to the target sensing QoS level and can be implemented using a stepwise increase or stepwise decrease method. Specifically, the step size of the power increase or decrease can be set differently depending on the target sensing QoS level. For example, power can be precisely adjusted with a smaller step size when a high QoS level is required, and adjusted with a relatively larger step size when a low QoS level is required. This enables efficient power control that meets the required sensing performance.

[0174] FIG. 12 illustrates a power control cooperation structure between cells through a network management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0175] The network management system is connected to multiple cells (1210, 1230, 1250) and comprehensively manages the sensing power control of each cell.

[0176] Each cell performs sensing within its coverage area (1215, 1235, 1255), and there are multiple terminals (1220, 1225, 1240, 1245, 1260, 1265) within each area. For example, when terminals (1220, 1225) perform sensing to prevent collisions between vehicles in the area of ​​Cell 1 (1210), interference (1285) may occur with the sensing operation of the adjacent Cell 2 (1230).

[0177] The network management system can transmit sensing resource allocation information and power control parameters through control links (1270, 1275, 1280) with each cell. For example, if cells are densely packed in an urban area, the network management system can minimize interference between cells (1285, 1290) by adjusting the sensing power of each cell.

[0178] In addition, the network management system can optimize the sensing performance of the entire network by analyzing sensing results and power control information collected from each cell. For example, dynamic adjustments are possible, such as increasing the sensing power of some cells and decreasing the sensing power of others during specific time periods or when events occur.

[0179] Through such centralized management, each cell can effectively control interference with adjacent cells while satisfying its target sensing QoS level. The role of the network management system is particularly important in the case of multistatic sensing, where multiple cells must cooperate to detect a single object.

[0180] In the following, embodiments are described in which a base station instructs a terminal to sense, and when the terminal transmits a sensing signal and the base station receives a signal reflected from an object, or when the terminal reports a sensing result to the base station after receiving a reflected signal, the base station performs power control based thereon.

[0181] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a procedure in which a terminal transmits a sensing signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a base station controls the power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on a reflected signal received from an object.

[0182] Referring to FIG. 13, a base station transmits sensing setting information to a terminal (S1310). The sensing setting information may be transmitted via system information, RRC setting information, or MAC CE, and includes resource information to be used for sensing and initial transmission power information. The base station may set an initial transmission power value by considering the terminal's performance, the purpose of sensing, the required sensing QoS level, and the expected sensing environment. Here, although the initial transmission power information is shown as being transmitted together with the resource information in the sensing setting information, it may also be transmitted as separate information.

[0183] The terminal transmits a sensing signal to an object using the transmission resources and initial transmission power included in the sensing setting information (S1315), and the reflected signal from the object reaches the base station (S1320). This structure is a bistatic sensing method described in FIG. 6 (b). In this case, the base station can perform power control for the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the received reflected signal from the object (S1325).

[0184] Specifically, if the base station determines based on reflected signals that adjustment of transmission power is not necessary, it may not transmit a power control command or may transmit a command instructing to maintain the transmission power. On the other hand, if it determines that adjustment of the sensing signal's power is necessary, it may transmit a power control command to adjust the transmission power of the sensing signal. For example, if the sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing QoS level, the base station may transmit a control command to increase the transmission power of the sensing signal. Conversely, if it determines that the transmission power of the sensing signal is too high (e.g., if interference to neighboring terminals caused by the sensing signal exceeds a threshold), the base station may transmit a control command to decrease the transmission power.

[0185] The terminal maintains or adjusts (increases or decreases) the transmission power of the sensing signal according to the power control command received from the base station and transmits the sensing signal again (S1330), and the base station receives the reflected signal from the object again (S1335).

[0186] These processes can be repeated until conditions set by the base station are reached, for example, a threshold for the number of power control command transmissions, or until a target sensing QoS level is satisfied.

[0187] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a base station when, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a terminal transmits a sensing signal and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on a reflected signal received from an object.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 14, the base station sets sensing setting information (S1405). Here, the sensing setting information includes resource information to be used for sensing and initial power information. The base station may set an initial transmission power value by considering the performance of the terminal, the purpose of sensing, the required sensing QoS level, and the expected sensing environment. The sensing setting information thus determined is transmitted to the terminal via system information, RRC setting information, or MAC CE (S1410).

[0189] The base station receives a reflected signal that is reflected from an object after the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal is reflected (S1415), and performs power control for the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the received reflected signal (S1420).

[0190] Specifically, if the base station determines based on reflected signals that adjustment of transmission power is not necessary, it may not transmit a power control command or may transmit a command instructing to maintain the transmission power. On the other hand, if it determines that adjustment of the sensing signal's power is necessary, it may transmit a power control command to adjust the transmission power of the sensing signal. For example, if the sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing QoS level, the base station may transmit a control command to increase the transmission power of the sensing signal. Conversely, if it determines that the transmission power of the sensing signal is too high, the base station may transmit a control command to decrease the transmission power.

[0191] These processes can be repeated until conditions set by the base station are reached, for example, a threshold for the number of power control command transmissions, or until a target sensing QoS level is satisfied.

[0192] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a terminal when, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the terminal transmits a sensing signal and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on a reflected signal received from an object.

[0193] Referring to FIG. 15, the terminal receives sensing setting information from a base station (S1505). This information may be received via system information, RRC setting information, or MAC CE, and includes resource information to be used for sensing and initial transmission power information. Here, the initial transmission power is a value set by the base station considering the terminal's performance, the purpose of sensing, the required sensing QoS level, and the expected sensing environment.

[0194] The terminal transmits a sensing signal at a specified initial power from an allocated resource according to the received sensing setting information (S1510), and subsequently receives a power control command from the base station (S1515). The power control command may be a command to maintain, increase, or decrease the transmission power of the sensing signal. The terminal maintains or adjusts (increases or decreases) the transmission power of the sensing signal according to the received power control command and transmits the sensing signal again (S1520). This process may be repeated until no power control command is received from the base station or until a specific condition set by the base station is satisfied.

[0195] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a procedure in which a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention transmits a sensing signal and transmits a result report generated from a received reflected signal to a base station, and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal based on the result report received from the terminal.

[0196] Referring to FIG. 16, the base station transmits sensing setting information to the terminal (S1610). The sensing setting information may be transmitted via system information, RRC setting information, or MAC CE, and includes resource information to be used for sensing and initial transmission power information. The base station may set an initial transmission power value by considering the terminal's performance, the purpose of sensing, the required sensing QoS level, and the expected sensing environment. Here, although the initial transmission power information is shown as being transmitted together with the resource information in the sensing setting information, it may also be transmitted as separate information.

[0197] The terminal transmits a sensing signal to an object using the transmission resources and initial transmission power included in the sensing setting information (S1615), and the terminal directly receives a reflected signal from the object (S1620). The terminal generates a sensing result from the received reflected signal and reports it to the base station (S1625).

[0198] The base station may perform power control on the terminal's sensing signal based on the sensing result reported by the terminal (S1630). Specifically, if the base station determines based on the sensing result that adjustment of the transmission power is not necessary, it may not transmit a power control command or may transmit a command instructing to maintain the transmission power. On the other hand, if it determines that adjustment of the sensing signal's power is necessary, the base station may transmit a power control command to adjust the transmission power of the sensing signal. For example, if the sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing QoS level, the base station may transmit a control command to increase the transmission power of the sensing signal. Conversely, if it determines that the transmission power of the sensing signal is too high (e.g., if interference to neighboring terminals caused by the sensing signal is above a threshold), the base station may transmit a control command to decrease the transmission power.

[0199] The terminal maintains or adjusts (increases or decreases) the transmission power of the sensing signal according to the power control command received from the base station and transmits the sensing signal again (S1635), and the terminal receives the reflected signal from the object again (S1640) and reports it to the base station (S1645).

[0200] These processes can be repeated until conditions set by the base station are reached, for example, a threshold for the number of power control command transmissions, or until a target sensing QoS level is satisfied.

[0201] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a base station when a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention transmits a sensing signal and transmits a result report generated from a received reflected signal to a base station, and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal based on the result report received from the terminal.

[0202] Referring to FIG. 17, the base station sets sensing setting information (S1705). Here, the sensing setting information includes resource information to be used for sensing and initial power information. The base station may set an initial transmission power value by considering the performance of the terminal, the purpose of sensing, the required sensing QoS level, and the expected sensing environment. The sensing setting information thus determined is transmitted to the terminal via system information, RRC setting information, or MAC CE (S1710).

[0203] The base station receives a sensing result generated from a reflected signal received by the terminal from an object (S1715), and performs power control for a sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the sensing result received from the terminal (S1720).

[0204] Specifically, if the base station determines, based on the sensing results, that adjustment of the transmission power is not necessary, it may not transmit a power control command or may transmit a command instructing to maintain the transmission power. On the other hand, if it determines that adjustment of the sensing signal's power is necessary, the base station may transmit a power control command to adjust the transmission power of the sensing signal. For example, if the sensing results do not satisfy the target sensing QoS level, the base station may transmit a control command to increase the transmission power of the sensing signal. Conversely, if it determines that the transmission power of the sensing signal is too high (e.g., if interference to neighboring terminals caused by the sensing signal exceeds a threshold), the base station may transmit a control command to decrease the transmission power.

[0205] These processes can be repeated until conditions set by the base station are reached, for example, a threshold for the number of power control command transmissions, or until a target sensing QoS level is satisfied.

[0206] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention when the terminal transmits a sensing signal and transmits a result report generated from a received reflected signal to a base station, and the base station controls the power of the sensing signal based on the result report received from the terminal.

[0207] Referring to FIG. 18, the terminal receives sensing setting information from a base station (S1805). This information may be received via system information, RRC setting information, or MAC CE, and includes resource information to be used for sensing and initial transmission power information. Here, the initial transmission power is a value set by the base station considering the terminal's performance, the purpose of sensing, the required sensing QoS level, and the expected sensing environment.

[0208] The terminal transmits a sensing signal with a specified initial power from an allocated resource according to the received sensing setting information (S1810) and directly receives a reflected signal from an object (S1815). The terminal generates a sensing result from the received reflected signal and reports it to the base station (S1820).

[0209] Subsequently, the terminal may receive a power control command from the base station (S1825). The power control command may be a command to maintain, increase, or decrease the transmission power of the sensing signal. The terminal maintains or adjusts (increases or decreases) the transmission power of the sensing signal according to the received power control command and transmits the sensing signal again (S1830). This process may be repeated until no power control command is received from the base station or until a specific condition set by the base station is satisfied.

[0210] The various embodiments of the present invention described so far may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of implementation by hardware, it may be implemented by one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), general processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0211] The scope of the present invention includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., operating systems, applications, firmware, programs, etc.) that enable operations according to the methods of various embodiments to be executed on a device or computer, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium on which such software or instructions, etc. are stored and which are executable on a device or computer. Examples of computer-readable media include hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, etc. Examples of program instructions include machine code, such as that produced by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as at least one software module to perform the operations of the present invention, and vice versa.

[0212] The methods according to the present invention may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc., either individually or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the computer-readable medium may be those specifically designed and configured for the present invention, or they may be those known and available to those skilled in the art of computer software. The operation of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as a computer-readable program or code on a computer-readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium includes any type of recording device in which information that can be read by a computer system is stored. Additionally, the computer-readable recording medium may be distributed across networked computer systems, allowing computer-readable programs or code to be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

[0213] Some aspects of the invention have been described in the context of a device, but may also be described according to a corresponding method, wherein a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method may also be described according to a corresponding block or item or a feature of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware device, such as, for example, a microprocessor, a programmable computer, or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, at least one of the most important method steps may be performed by such a device.

[0214] In the embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field-programmable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In the embodiments, the field-programmable gate array may operate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, it is preferable that the methods be performed by some hardware device.

[0215] The exemplary methods of the present invention are described as a series of operations for clarity of description, but this is not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed, and if necessary, each step may be performed simultaneously or in a different order. To implement the method according to the present invention, additional steps may be included in addition to the steps exemplified, steps excluding some steps and including the remaining steps, or steps excluding some steps and including additional steps.

[0216] The various embodiments of the present invention are not intended to list all possible combinations but are intended to explain representative aspects of the invention, and the matters described in the various embodiments may be applied independently or in combination of two or more.

[0217] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a base station in a wireless communication system, Step of setting the initial transmission power of the sensing signal; A step of transmitting the above sensing signal to the above initial transmission power, or transmitting the above initial transmission power value to a terminal; and A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a base station, comprising the step of controlling the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the base station or controlling the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on a reflected signal received from a sensing object or a sensing result received from the terminal.

2. In paragraph 1, the initial transmission power of the sensing signal is, A method for controlling the power of a base station's sensing signal, configured by considering at least one of cell coverage, interference with adjacent cells, terminal performance, the purpose of sensing, or the target sensing requirement level.

3. In paragraph 1, controlling the transmission power of the sensing signal is, A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a base station, characterized by being based on the above-mentioned sensing results and target sensing requirement levels.

4. In paragraph 3, controlling the transmission power is, If the above sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level, increase the transmission power, and A method for controlling the power of a base station's sensing signal, characterized by reducing transmission power when interference to an adjacent cell or surrounding terminal exceeds a threshold.

5. In Paragraph 1, When the above base station transmits the sensing signal with the initial transmission power, The above base station receives a reflected signal from the above sensing object, and A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a base station, wherein the transmission power of the sensing signal transmitted by the base station is increased when the received reflected signal does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level.

6. In Paragraph 1, When the above terminal transmits the sensing signal and the base station receives the reflected signal, A step of transmitting sensing setting information to the terminal, wherein the sensing setting information includes sensing resource information and the initial transmission power; A step of receiving a reflected signal from the sensing object, wherein the reflected signal is a signal reflected from the sensing object of a sensing signal transmitted with the initial transmission power value; A step of generating a power control command to control the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the received reflected signal; and A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a base station, comprising the step of transmitting the generated power control command to the terminal.

7. In Paragraph 1, When the above terminal transmits the sensing signal and receives a sensing result from the above terminal, A step of transmitting sensing setting information to the terminal, wherein the sensing setting information includes sensing resource information and the initial transmission power; A step of receiving a sensing result received from the terminal, wherein the sensing result received from the terminal is generated based on a reflected signal received by the terminal from the sensing object; A step of generating a power control command to control the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the received sensing result; and A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a base station, comprising the step of transmitting the generated power control command to the terminal.

8. A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving information for transmitting a sensing signal from a base station; A step of setting the initial transmission power of the sensing signal based on the received information above; A step of transmitting the above sensing signal with the above initial transmission power; and A method for controlling the power of a sensing signal of a terminal, comprising the step of controlling the transmission power of the sensing signal based on the sensing result of the sensing signal.

9. In paragraph 8, the step of setting the initial transmission power is, A method for controlling the sensing signal power of a terminal, characterized by determining the initial transmission power based on the target sensing requirement level.

10. In paragraph 9, the step of controlling the transmission power is, If the above sensing result does not satisfy the above target sensing requirement level, the transmission power is increased, and A method for controlling the power of a terminal's sensing signal, which reduces the transmission power when interference to an adjacent cell or surrounding terminal exceeds a threshold.

11. In a sensing signal power control device of a base station in a wireless communication system, Memory; Transmitter / receiver; and Includes a processor, The above processor is, A sensing signal power control device of a base station configured to set an initial transmission power of a sensing signal, transmit the sensing signal at the initial transmission power or transmit the initial transmission power value to a terminal, and control the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the base station or the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on a reflected signal received from a sensing object or a sensing result received from the terminal.

12. In paragraph 11, the initial transmission power of the sensing signal is, A sensing signal power control device of a base station configured by taking into account at least one of cell coverage, interference with adjacent cells, terminal performance, the purpose of sensing, or the target sensing requirement level.

13. In paragraph 11, the processor is, When the above base station transmits the sensing signal with the initial transmission power, Receives a reflected signal from the above-mentioned sensing object, and A sensing signal power control device of a base station configured to increase the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the base station when the received reflected signal does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level.

14. In paragraph 11, the above processor, When the above terminal transmits the sensing signal and the base station receives the reflected signal, Sensing setting information is transmitted to the above terminal, wherein the sensing setting information includes sensing resource information and the initial transmission power, A reflected signal is received from the above-mentioned sensing object, wherein the reflected signal is a signal reflected from the sensing object of a sensing signal transmitted with the above-mentioned initial transmission power value, and A power control command is generated to control the transmission power of a sensing signal transmitted by the terminal based on the received reflected signal, and A sensing signal power control device of a base station configured to transmit the generated power control command to the terminal.

15. In paragraph 11, the above processor, When the above terminal transmits the sensing signal and receives a sensing result from the above terminal, Sensing setting information is transmitted to the above terminal, wherein the sensing setting information includes sensing resource information and the initial transmission power, A sensing result received from the above terminal is received, wherein the sensing result received from the above terminal is generated based on a reflected signal received by the terminal from the sensing object, and Based on the received sensing result, a power control command is generated to control the transmission power of the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal, and A sensing signal power control device of a base station configured to transmit the generated power control command to the terminal.

16. In paragraph 11, the processor is, If the above sensing result does not satisfy the target sensing requirement level, increase the transmission power, and A sensing signal power control device of a base station configured to reduce transmission power when interference to an adjacent cell or surrounding terminal exceeds a threshold.

17. In paragraph 11, the above processor, Increase or decrease power in stages, but A sensing signal power control device of a base station configured such that the size of the power increase or decrease step is set differently depending on the target sensing requirement level.

18. In a sensing signal power control device of a terminal in a wireless communication system, Memory; Transmitter / receiver; and Includes a processor, The above processor is, Receive information for transmitting a sensing signal from a base station, and Based on the received information above, the initial transmission power of the sensing signal is set, and The above sensing signal is transmitted with the above initial transmission power, and A sensing signal power control device of a terminal configured to control the transmission power of the sensing signal based on the sensing result of the sensing signal.

19. In paragraph 18, the above processor, A sensing signal power control device of a terminal configured to determine the initial transmission power based on the target sensing requirement level.

20. In paragraph 18, the above processor, If the above sensing result does not satisfy the above target sensing requirement level, the transmission power is increased, and A sensing signal power control device of a terminal configured to reduce the transmission power when interference to an adjacent cell or surrounding terminal exceeds a threshold.

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