Triple-layered pod for increasing communication capacity and communcation capacity measurement method therefor

Abstract

The present invention relates to a triple-layered pod for increasing communication capacity and a communication capacity measurement method therefor. More specifically, the pod, which moves along the longitudinal direction of a tube in a hyperloop system, comprises: a cabin for boarding passengers or loading cargo; a core layer surrounding the cabin; an inner layer disposed on the core layer and formed of metallic material so as to shield electromagnetic waves from outside the pod; and a first outer layer and a second outer layer sequentially disposed on the inner layer and formed of different radio wave-absorbing materials having predetermined thicknesses (T1, T2) so as to attenuate the electromagnetic waves, wherein the inner layer, the first outer layer, and the second outer layer form a triple-layered pod structure so that the reception power for a sum-interference signal can be reduced.

Description

Triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity and method for measuring the communication capacity thereof

[0001] The present invention relates to an EM absorption-based interference reduction hyperloop system for increasing communication capacity.

[0002] Hyperloop is a next-generation transportation system that transports people or cargo in vehicles called Pods through a near-vacuum tube at speeds close to the speed of sound.

[0003] In the implementation of Hyperloop, wireless communications is one of the essential technologies, alongside magnetic levitation, pod propulsion, pod and tube design, and pod attitude control. In particular, wireless communications are a crucial component for ensuring system safety and providing passengers with connectivity, such as internet access. From the perspective of wireless channel modeling, the Hyperloop tube can be viewed as a large-scale metal waveguide; however, there are technical challenges that need to be addressed using only conventional waveguide theory. For instance, unlike conventional waveguides, the Hyperloop tube contains multiple transceivers, such as base stations and pods, and these multiple transceivers act as obstacles to electromagnetic waves.

[0004] In terms of safety, the Hyperloop system can monitor the status of moving pods by deploying numerous sensors inside the tube and within the pods, and the collected sensor data can be continuously transmitted to the Hyperloop control center via wireless links. Conversely, in the event of an emergency, the control center may need to wirelessly transmit control packets to the pods via wireless links. Regarding the boarding experience, high-capacity wireless connectivity must be maintained to provide stable internet connectivity to passengers aboard the pods.

[0005] Furthermore, when Hyperloop is realized as a next-generation transportation system, wireless communication services such as 4K UHD video streaming must be provided to passengers inside the pods to meet today's traffic demands within a tube of considerable length exhibiting EM propagation characteristics. However, while conventional methods have only investigated and analyzed EM propagation characteristics within a tube of considerable length according to various transceivers, there is a lack of technology capable of meeting the communication capacity per pod sufficiently large to provide the aforementioned wireless communication services to passengers inside the pods to meet today's traffic demands.

[0006] Therefore, in order to guarantee passenger safety on the Hyperloop and provide convenient internet connectivity to meet today's transportation demands, there is an urgent need in this technology field for a Hyperloop system with increased communication capacity.

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the aforementioned problems and to obtain a triple-layered pod structure for increasing communication capacity, which is formed by an inner layer made of a metallic material, a first outer layer made of different radio wave absorbing materials, and a second outer layer, so as to smoothly support the mobile traffic demand of all passengers boarding the cabin of a pod within a hyperloop system, and a method for measuring the communication capacity thereof.

[0008] The technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned technical problems can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the present invention.

[0009] To achieve the above objective, the triple-layered pod for increasing communication capacity according to the present invention comprises, in a pod that moves along the longitudinal direction of a tube within a hyperloop system, a cabin for boarding a person or loading goods; a core layer surrounding the cabin; an inner layer formed of a metallic material to block electromagnetic waves from outside the pod and disposed on the core layer; and a first outer layer and a second outer layer formed of different radio wave absorbing materials with preset thicknesses (T1, T2) to attenuate the electromagnetic waves and disposed sequentially on the inner layer; wherein the inner layer, the first outer layer, and the second outer layer form a triple-layered pod structure, thereby reducing the received power for combined interference signals.

[0010] To achieve the above objective, the method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity according to the present invention comprises: a modeling step in which a hyperloop system is modeled by at least one processor, the hyperloop system comprising a tube connecting stations, an internal base station provided inside the tube, and a pod antenna provided, and a pod that moves along the length of the tube while wirelessly communicating with the nearest internal base station; a receiving power measurement step in which, by the at least one processor, the receiving power of a target pod (tPod) for a request signal transmitted from a relevant internal base station (aBS) and an interference signal transmitted from one or more interference internal base stations (iBS) are each measured at each sampling time in the modeled hyperloop system; and a communication capacity (C) of the target pod (tPod) is determined by the at least one processor using a sum-interference signal averaging one or more interference signals and the receiving power for the request signal. o,u,t Provides a communication capacity calculation step in which ) is calculated.

[0011] As described above, according to the present invention, by forming a triple-layered pod structure with an inner layer formed of a metallic material, a first outer layer formed of different radio wave absorbing materials, and a second outer layer, the received power for signal interference can be reduced while the communication capacity can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly support the mobile traffic demands of all passengers boarding the cabin of the pod within the hyperloop system. Specifically, it has the effect of improving the communication capacity of the pod to the extent that it can support 4K UHD video streaming.

[0012] The effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the detailed description and claims.

[0013] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a hyperloop system configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the types of radio waves according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cabin of a Ford according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity according to the present invention.

[0017] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a request signal received by a target pod (tPod) and one or more interference signals according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing attenuated interference signals from the first outer layer and the second outer layer of a pod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 7 is a graph showing the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod formed of Metal-FAM-MF for the transmission duty cycle of an internal base station according to a propagation mode and a set thickness according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] FIG. 8 is a graph showing the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod formed with Metal-MF-FAM for the transmission duty cycle of an internal base station according to a propagation mode and a set thickness according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 9 is a graph showing the received power of a request signal for a pod location according to a pod structure and propagation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 10 is a graph showing the received power of a sum-interference signal for the transmission duty cycle of an internal base station at a specific location according to a pod structure and propagation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 11 is a graph showing the average received power of a combined interference signal for the transmission duty cycle of an internal base station according to a propagation mode and pod structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity according to the present invention.

[0025] The terms used in this specification have been selected based on currently widely used general terms whenever possible, taking into account their functions in the present invention; however, these terms may vary depending on the intent of those skilled in the art, case law, the emergence of new technologies, etc. Additionally, in specific cases, terms have been arbitrarily selected by the applicant, and in such cases, their meanings will be described in detail in the relevant description of the invention. Therefore, the terms used in this invention should be defined not merely by their names, but based on their meanings and the overall content of the invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this application. Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Looking at an embodiment of FIG. 1, the hyperloop system of the present invention includes a tube (10) connecting stations (40a, 40b), an internal base station (20) provided inside the tube (10), and a pod antenna (31) provided inside the tube (10), and a pod (30) that moves along the tube (10) while communicating wirelessly with the base station antenna (21) of the nearest internal base station (20).

[0028] Specifically, the hyperloop system may include a plurality of internal base stations (20) and a plurality of IoT sensors (70) inside the tube (10), and one or more pods (30) may move along the length of the tube (10) inside the tube (10). In terms of inter-configuration, the plurality of internal base stations (20) may communicate wirelessly with at least one of the adjacent IoT sensors (70) and pods (30). The plurality of internal base stations (20) may be wired to an external base station (50). The external base station (50) may be wired or wirelessly connected to a control server (60), an internet network, and a data network.

[0029] For example, the tube (10) may be a cylindrical vacuum tube made of stainless steel with a length of 500 km and a diameter of 3.3 m connecting Station A (40a) and Station B (40b). Multiple internal base stations (20a, 20b, ..., 20n-1, 20n) may be arranged at equal intervals of 10 km at the top inside the tube (10). Each internal base station (20) has a coverage length of 5 km to the left and right relative to the installation location, and thus the total coverage may be 10 km. The base station antenna (21) of each internal base station (20) may be a single quarter-wavelength monopole antenna and may be installed facing downward from the top inside the tube (10) to facilitate wireless communication with one or more pods (30).

[0030] Additionally, the pod (30) may be formed as a cylindrical shape having a length of 8.7 m and a diameter of 2.4 m, coaxial with the tube (10). The pod (30) may move unidirectionally in a mobility pattern that includes at least one of a starting section, an equal acceleration section, a maximum speed section, an equal deceleration section, and an arrival section.

[0031] The above mobility pattern may include a departure section where one pod (30) departs from Station A (40a), an acceleration section where it moves at constant acceleration, a maximum speed section where it moves at maximum speed, a deceleration section where it moves at constant deceleration, and a final arrival section where it arrives at Station B (40b). For example, the acceleration section and the deceleration section may have a gravitational acceleration (g) of 9.8 m / s². 2The value may be half (0.5g), and the maximum speed in the maximum speed range may be 1,200 km / h. At this time, when the nearest internal base station (20) is changed by moving the pod (30) along the tube (10), the pod antenna (31) of the pod (30) can be immediately reconnected from the base station antenna (21a) of the existing internal base station (20a) to the base station antenna (21b) of the changed internal base station (20b).

[0032] Additionally, if multiple pods (30) move through the tube (10), the departure interval of the pods (30) from the station A (40a) can be set to 30 seconds. And, by setting the distance between the internal base stations (20) to 10 km, a maximum of one pod (30) per coverage of the base station antenna (21) for the pod (30) moving at maximum speed can be ensured.

[0033] Next, referring to an embodiment of FIG. 2, the propagation referred to in the present invention can be explained. A conventional EM (Electromagnetic) mode refers to the form in which the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves (EM) are distributed in any structure. That is, the electric and magnetic fields propagating in a metal circular waveguide such as the tube (10) form a specific field configuration that satisfies the wave equation and boundary conditions given by the tube structure, and each configuration is called a 'mode' and TE mn Mods and TM mn Modes can be classified into two types. Here, m is equal to or greater than 0, and n is greater than 1.

[0034] The mode referred to in the present invention is a propagation mode, not a resonance mode based on the resonance frequency. The propagation mode may include a TE mode in which only the electric field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave, and a TM mode in which only the magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave. For the TE mode and the TM mode, the numerical value regarding how many half-wavelengths there are per unit propagation path may be indicated by the indices m and n of the mode.

[0035] Since theoretically infinitely many mn pairs can be found, an infinite number of modes exist. However, in practice, the number of available modes for a given carrier frequency of wireless communication within the tube (10) is finite. This is because each mode has only a unique cutoff frequency at which it can propagate energy along the tube (10). Therefore, the modes actually observed in the tube (10) are modes where the unique cutoff frequency is lower than the given carrier frequency, for example, TE 11 , TM 01 , TE 21 The rest may be included. Meanwhile, since the total power of the electromagnetic waves is distributed among the modes visible in the tube (10), the power per mode (Power / Mode) increases as the number of modes decreases. Therefore, an appropriate number of modes visible in the tube (10) is required.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the frequency band used for wireless communication inside the hyperloop tube may be 159.62 MHz or higher and 184.50 MHz or lower. This is because it includes the carrier frequency of the base station antenna (21) and also provides the largest bandwidth within the tube (10) among bands below 60 GHz while ensuring a number of about 10 appropriate modes. Among these, TE 11 Mode, TM 01 Mode, TE 21 The bandwidths of the modes are 22.49MHz, 13.02MHz, and 7.24MHz, respectively, and since they can provide a channel bandwidth of 5MHz or more for 5G wireless communication, the three modes described above are the most suitable.

[0037] Meanwhile, the material of the tube (10) within the hyperloop system may be ASTM A516 Grade 70 carbon steel with a conductivity of 5,882,353 S / m. The pod antenna (31) provided in the pod (30) may have different radius and length depending on the aforementioned propagation mode. For example, TE 11 , TM 01 , TE 21 Depending on which mode is utilized, the radius of the pod antenna (31) may be 11.5 mm, 2.8 mm, and 2.7 mm, and the length of the pod antenna (31) may be 376.3 mm, 395.8 mm, and 389.4 mm.

[0038]

[0039] Triple-layer structure pod for increased communication capacity

[0040] According to the following [Mathematical Formula 1], the communication capacity of a single pod (30) can be increased by increasing the transmit power of the internal base station (20) or by reducing the sum-interference power, which is the received power for the sum-interference signal. If the transmit power of the internal base station (20) is increased, the sum-interference power also increases in the same way, resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) similar to the previous one, so there is no significant effect on interference reduction. Therefore, the present invention aims to reduce only the sum-interference power physically by forming a triple-layer pod structure.

[0041] Referring to FIG. 4, the triple-layered pod for increasing communication capacity according to the present invention comprises a pod (30) that moves along the longitudinal direction of a tube (10) within a hyperloop system, a cabin (32) for carrying a person or loading goods, a core layer (33) surrounding the cabin (32), an inner layer (34) formed of a metal material to block electromagnetic waves outside the pod (30) and disposed on the core layer (33), and a first outer layer (35) and a second outer layer (36) formed of different radio wave absorbing materials with preset thicknesses (T1, T2) to attenuate the electromagnetic waves and disposed sequentially on the inner layer (34). The inner layer (34), the first outer layer (35), and the second outer layer (36) form a triple-layered pod structure, thereby reducing the received power for a combined interference signal.

[0042] In one embodiment of FIG. 5, the associated internal base station (aBS) (20a) may be installed at approximately 250 km from the tube (10). The associated internal base station (aBS) (20a) has a total coverage of 10 km, with 5 km on each side based on 250 km. That is, 245 km to 255 km is the coverage of the associated internal base station (aBS) (20a). The target pod (tPod) (30a), which is one of the target pods among the multiple pods (30), can move unidirectionally through the tube (10) and enter the coverage of the closest internal base station, the associated internal base station (aBS) (20a).

[0043] The target pod (tPod) (30a) may be equipped with two pod antennas (31a, 31b) at both ends, and by selectively activating one of the two pod antennas (31a, 31b) adjacent to the relevant internal base station (aBS) (20a), it can receive a desired signal transmitted from the base station antenna (21a) of the relevant internal base station (aBS) (20a). At this time, since the main propagation path of the desired signal is the line-of-sight (LoS), it is not attenuated and is not affected at all by the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36).

[0044] On the other hand, the active pod antenna (31a) of the target pod (tPod) (30a) may receive an unwanted interference signal transmitted from one or more interfering internal base stations (iBS) (20b). In this case, since the propagation path of the interference signal is non-line-of-sight (NLoS), it may not be transmitted directly to the active pod antenna (31a) of the target pod (tPod) (30a), but may be transmitted after being reflected from the adjacent pod (30b).

[0045] Accordingly, the triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity according to the present invention includes the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) formed of different radio wave absorbing materials, thereby reducing non-line-of-sight (NLoS) interference signals. Specifically, the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) can convert the energy of the interference signal into thermal energy. At this time, the amount of energy conversion can be determined according to the set thickness (T1, T2) of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36). The above-described phenomenon can be expressed as attenuation of electromagnetic waves.

[0046] Meanwhile, in the hyperloop system of the present invention, the greater the separation distance between the target pod (30a) and the interference internal base station (iBS) (20b), the more adjacent pods (30b) exist within the separation distance, so the interference signal from the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) of each adjacent pod (30b) can be attenuated more.

[0047] In the structure of the above-described pod (30), as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the cabin (32) is provided with a cuboidal space to facilitate a person boarding or loading of goods. For example, the cabin (32) may be formed as a rectangular prism with a length of 6.2 m, a height of 1.5 m, and a width of 0.88 m. However, the shape of the cabin (32) is not limited to a specific shape or specific parameter values.

[0048] Next, referring to FIG. 4, the diameter of the core layer (33) may be equal to the length of the diagonal connecting two opposite vertices on the diagonal of the cabin (32), or may correspond to the length of the diagonal with a certain margin. The material forming the core layer (33) is not limited to a specific material. For example, the space remaining after accommodating various mechanical / electrical / electronic devices in the core layer (33) may be filled with air, etc. Additionally, the core layer (33) can be completely isolated from the external electromagnetic field by being placed inside the inner layer (34) which blocks external electromagnetic waves. Therefore, various mechanical / electrical / electronic devices provided in the space of the core layer (33) can operate normally.

[0049] Next, the inner layer (34) may be made of a material having sufficient strength to maintain the shape of the pod (30) even with a thin thickness of several millimeters (mm) while preventing external electromagnetic waves from passing through the core layer (33). That is, it is most preferable for the inner layer (34) to be made of a highly conductive metal material. However, the inner layer (34) is not limited to a specific metal material.

[0050] Next, the radio wave absorbing material forming the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) is characterized as being ECCOSORB MF-124 (hereinafter MF) or FAM-5GS6 (hereinafter FAM). Each radio wave absorbing material is a microwave absorbing material and can be effective at a maximum operating temperature of 454K.

[0051] Specifically, the MF mentioned in the present invention is a magnetic-substance-loading epoxy resin. The FAM mentioned in the present invention is soft rubber or sintered ferrite. The MF and FAM have the property of absorbing electromagnetic waves in the frequency band of 159.62 MHz to 184.50 MHz. Accordingly, the adjacent pod (30b) including the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) can attenuate the power of the interference signal transmitted from the interference internal base station (20b), and accordingly, the pod antenna (31) of the target pod (30a) receives the reduced interference signal, thereby having a significant effect of improving the signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) on the target pod (30a) side.

[0052] The characteristics of each radio wave absorbing material are as shown in [Table 1] below.

[0053] Type / Characteristics Relative Permeability Dielectric Loss Tangent Magnetic Loss Tangent MF405.70.130.1FAM107.284.440.0260

[0054] Next, the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) are formed of different electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. That is, if the first outer layer (35) is formed of MF, the second outer layer (36) is formed of FAM, and thus the triple-layer pod structure can be formed in the order of Metal-MF-FAM. Alternatively, if the first outer layer (35) is formed of FAM, the second outer layer (36) is formed of MF, and thus the triple-layer pod structure can be formed in the order of Metal-FAM-MF. Both of the above-described triple-layer pod structures have a remarkable effect of excellent electromagnetic wave attenuation, even though they have an optimized thickness thinner than double-layer pod structures formed of Metal-FAM or Metal-MF. This is explained in more detail in FIGS. 9 and 10 below.

[0055] Additionally, the thickness of the inner layer (34) is several millimeters (mm) and can be ignored. Therefore, the set thickness (T1, T2) of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) may be the length from the surface of the core layer (33) surrounding the cabin (32) to the outer surface of the pod (30). In the embodiment of FIG. 4, if the distance from the center point of the pod (30) to the outer surface is 1.2 m, the width of the cabin (32) is 0.88 m, and the length of the cabin (32) is 1.5 m, then according to the Pythagorean theorem, the radius of the core layer (33) surrounding the cabin (32) can be calculated as 0.87 m. That is, the set thickness (T1, T2) of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) may be up to 0.33m, which is 1.2m minus 0.87m. Here, if the core layer (33) has a margin with the cabin (32), the set thickness (T) of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) may be smaller than 0.33m.

[0056] Next, the set thicknesses (T1, T2) of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) are characterized by being optimized according to at least one of the radio wave absorbing material, the mode of propagation in the tube (10), and the transmission duty cycle of the internal base station (20) within the hyperloop system.

[0057] Here, regarding the setting thickness (T), as the transmission duty cycle of the internal base station (20) within the hyperloop system increases, regardless of the mode of propagation to the radio wave absorbing material and the tube (10), the transmission frequency of interference signals increases, and the magnitude of the sum-interference power, which is the sum of the powers between multiple interference signals, may increase. As the transmission duty cycle of the internal base station (20) increases, the average communication capacity of the pod (30) decreases. Therefore, when optimizing the setting thickness (T), the transmission duty cycle of the internal base station (20) may also be included as an item to be considered.

[0058] Referring to an embodiment of FIG. 7, the average communication capacity per pod according to the transmission duty cycle and set thickness (T1, T2) can be verified for each mode in a triple-layer pod structure formed in the order of Metal-FAM-MF. As described above, the mode is TE 11 mode, TM 01 Mode, TE 21 It includes modes. The transmission duty cycle is within the range of 0-100 (%). The set thickness (T1, T2) includes 3-10 (mm), 3-15 (mm), 3-20 (mm), 3-25 (mm), and 3-30 (mm). Since the average communication capacity per pod must be at least 280 Mbps to meet the requirement of smoothly supporting the mobile traffic demand of all passengers on board the cabin (32), this figure is a standard value for optimization.

[0059] Looking at Fig. 7(a), TE 11 In mode, when the set thicknesses (T1, T2) of FAM-MF are 3-20 (mm), 3-25 (mm), and 3-30 (mm), respectively, the average communication capacity is above the reference value for all transmission duty cycles. Referring to Fig. 7(b), TM 01In mode, when the set thicknesses (T1, T2) of FAM-MF are 3-20 (mm) and 3-25 (mm), respectively, the average communication capacity is above the reference value for all transmission duty cycles. Referring to Fig. 7(c), TE 21 In this mode, any set thickness (T1, T2) falls below the reference value of the average communication capacity in any transmission duty cycle. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, in a triple-layer pod structure formed in the order of Metal-FAM-MF, the set thicknesses (T1, T2) of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) are TE 11 Mode and TM 01 In mode, it can be optimized to 3-20 (mm) or 3-25 (mm) for all transmission duty cycles. More preferably, in mode and transmission duty cycle, it can be optimized to 3-25 (mm) for a larger average communication capacity.

[0060] Referring to an embodiment of FIG. 8, the average communication capacity per pod according to the transmission duty cycle and set thickness (T1, T2) can be verified for each mode in a triple-layer pod structure formed in the order of Metal-MF-FAM. As described above, the mode is TE 11 mode, TM 01 Mode, TE 21 It includes modes. The transmission duty cycle is within the range of 0-100 (%). The set thickness (T1, T2) includes 5-5 (mm), 10-5 (mm), 15-5 (mm), 20-5 (mm), 25-5 (mm), and 30-5 (mm). Since the average communication capacity per pod must be at least 280 Mbps to meet the requirement of smoothly supporting the mobile traffic demand of all passengers on board the cabin (32), this figure is a standard value for optimization.

[0061] Looking at Fig. 8(a), TE 11In mode, when the set thicknesses (T1, T2) of the MF-FAM are 15-5 (mm) respectively, the average communication capacity is above the reference value for all transmission duty cycles. Referring to Fig. 8(b), TM 01 In mode, when the set thicknesses (T1, T2) of the MF-FAM are 15-5 (mm) respectively, the average communication capacity is above the reference value for all transmission duty cycles. Referring to Fig. 8(c), TE 21 In this mode, any set thickness (T1, T2) of MF-FAM falls below the reference value of the average communication capacity in any transmission duty cycle. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, in a triple-layer pod structure formed in the order of Metal-MF-FAM, the set thicknesses (T1, T2) of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) are TE 11 Mode and TM 01 In mode, it can be optimized to 15-5 (mm) for all transmission duty cycles.

[0062] Looking at an embodiment of FIG. 9, the received power for a required signal according to a location and pod structure can be verified. The location is within a range of 245 km to 250 km, which is one side coverage of the relevant internal base station (aBS) (20a). Looking at FIG. 9 (a), in the case of a pod structure that includes only the inner layer (34) formed of a metallic material, the received power fluctuates significantly as the pod moves. Looking at FIG. 9 (b) and (c), in the case of a double-layer pod structure that includes the inner layer (34) formed of a metallic material and one outer layer formed of a radio wave absorbing material on the inner layer (34), the range of fluctuation in received power is small despite the movement of the pod. Looking at FIG. 9 (d) and (e), in the case of a triple-layer pod structure that includes the inner layer (34) formed of a metallic material and a first outer layer (35) and a second outer layer (36) formed of different radio wave absorbing materials on the inner layer (34), the range of fluctuation in received power is small despite the movement of the pod.

[0063] That is, a multi-layer pod structure is more stable for receiving the required signal than a pod structure containing only an inner layer (34). In the multi-layer pod structure, when the set thickness (T1, T2) of the outer layers (35, 36) of the triple-layer pod structure formed of Metal-FAM-MF is 3-25 (mm) and the set thickness of the double-layer pod structure is 100 mm to 200 mm, the efficiency of the triple-layer pod structure formed of Metal-FAM-MF is higher because the fluctuation range of the received power is similar. Similarly, when the set thickness (T1, T2) of the outer layers (35, 36) of the triple-layer pod structure formed of Metal-MF-FAM is 15-5 (mm) and the set thickness of the double-layer pod structure is 100 mm to 200 mm, the efficiency of the triple-layer pod structure formed of Metal-MF-FAM is higher because the fluctuation range of the received power is similar.

[0064] In one embodiment of FIG. 10, the received power for a sum-interference signal, which is the average of one or more interference signals for each pod structure at a specific location, can be determined. The specific location may be within a range of 245 km to 246 km. In FIG. 10 (a), for a pod structure comprising only the inner layer (34) formed of a metallic material, the received power for a sum-interference signal at a specific location for all modes and transmission duty cycles is approximately -50 dB. In FIG. 10 (b) and (c), for a double-layer pod structure comprising the inner layer (34) formed of a metallic material and one outer layer formed of a radio wave absorbing material on the inner layer (34), the received power for a sum-interference signal at a specific location for all modes and transmission duty cycles is approximately -100 dB. Looking at (d) and (e) of FIG. 10, in the case of a triple-layer pod structure comprising an inner layer (34) formed of a metallic material and a first outer layer (35) and a second outer layer (36) formed of different radio wave absorbing materials on the inner layer (34), the received power for the combined interference signal at a specific location for all modes and transmission duty cycles is about -200dB.

[0065] Referring to an embodiment of FIG. 11, the received power for a sum-interference signal, which is the average of one or more interference signals according to the mode, pod structure, and transmission duty cycle, can be confirmed. TE 11 Mode, TM 01 Mode and TE 21 In mode, a triple-layer pod structure formed in the order of Metal-MF-FAM with a set thickness (T1, T2) of 15-5 (mm) has the best interference reduction effect, with a received power of approximately -180dB to -230dB for combined interference signals.

[0066] That is, a multi-layer pod structure is more effective for reducing interference than a pod structure containing only an inner layer (34). In the multi-layer pod structure, even though the set thickness (T1, T2) of the triple-layer pod structure is thinner than the set thickness of the double-layer pod structure, it is more effective for reducing interference. Most preferably, a triple-layer pod structure formed in the order of Metal-MF-FAM is most effective for reducing interference.

[0067]

[0068] Ford's communication capacity measurement method for increasing communication capacity

[0069] Referring to FIG. 12, a method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity comprises: a modeling step (S100) in which a hyperloop system is modeled by at least one processor (110), comprising a tube (10) connecting stations (40a, 40b), an internal base station (20) provided inside the tube (10), and a pod antenna (31) that is wirelessly communicating with the nearest internal base station (20) and moving in the longitudinal direction of the tube (10); a receiving power measurement step (S200) in which the receiving power of a target pod (tPod) (30a) is measured for a request signal transmitted from a relevant internal base station (aBS) (20a) and an interference signal transmitted from one or more interfering internal base stations (iBS) (20b) respectively at each sampling time (t) in the modeled hyperloop system by the at least one processor (110); and a sum-interference signal obtained by averaging one or more interference signals and the request signal by the at least one processor (110). The received power is utilized to provide the communication capacity (C) of the target pod (tPod) (30a). o,u,t It includes a communication capacity calculation step (S300) in which ) is calculated.

[0070] In the entity implementing the present invention, the present invention includes a recording medium (120) readable by a computer device (100) on which a program for performing a method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity is recorded. For example, it may be a CD, DVD, hard disk, Blu-ray disk, USB, memory card, ROM, etc. Furthermore, the method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity according to the present invention may be implemented by at least one processor (110) within the computer device (100) reading the recording medium (120).

[0071] In other words, to accurately and efficiently model EM propagation within the vast space of a hyperloop system, a new simulation-based numerical analysis and measurement method is provided that combines EM simulation based on the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) program with MATLAB-based multiport microwave circuit analysis.

[0072] First, the above modeling step (S100) may model the frequency band used for wireless communication inside the hyperloop tube (10) as being 159.62 MHz or higher and 184.50 MHz or lower. This is because the corresponding frequency band includes the carrier frequency of the base station antenna (21) and also guarantees a minimum number of about 10 radio modes while providing the largest bandwidth within the tube (10) among bands below 60 GHz. Among the radio modes in the frequency band selected in the present invention, TE 11 , TM 01 , TE 21 Since only the mode can provide a channel bandwidth of 5 MHz or more, the three modes mentioned above are the most suitable.

[0073] In addition, as shown in an embodiment of FIGS. 3 to 4, the modeling step (S100) is characterized by including a pod modeling step (S110) in which the pod (30) is modeled to have a triple-layered pod structure, consisting of an inner layer (34) formed of a metal material, a first outer layer (35) and a second outer layer (36) formed of different electromagnetic wave absorbing materials of different set thicknesses (T1, T2) and sequentially disposed on the inner layer (34).

[0074] Specifically, the pod modeling step (S110) comprises a pod antenna (31) positioned at both ends, a cabin (32) for carrying a person or loading goods, a core layer (33) surrounding the cabin (32), an inner layer (34) positioned on the core layer (33), and a first outer layer (35) and a second outer layer (36) sequentially positioned on the inner layer (34), and is characterized by being modeled to have a triple-layered pod structure with the inner layer (34), the first outer layer (35), and the second outer layer (36).

[0075] The above radio wave absorbing material is characterized as being ECCOSORB MF-124 or FAM-5GS6. The above pod modeling step (S110) is modeled such that a first outer layer (35) and a second outer layer (36) formed of different radio wave absorbing materials are sequentially arranged on the pod (30), thereby reducing non-line-of-sight (NLoS) interference signals and increasing the reduction efficiency. The first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) can convert the energy of the interference signal into thermal energy. Meanwhile, the amount of energy conversion of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) can be determined according to the set thickness (T1, T2).

[0076] Additionally, looking at an embodiment of FIG. 5, the modeling step (S100) may model a hyperloop system. More specifically, the modeling step (S100) may model an associated internal base station (aBS) (20a) at approximately 250 km from the tube (10). At this time, the associated internal base station (aBS) (20a) has coverage within 10 km with 250 km as the reference. That is, 245 km to 255 km is the coverage of the associated internal base station (aBS) (20a).

[0077] In particular, based on the fact that downlink traffic is becoming increasingly dominant in mobile networks due to high video traffic demand today, the modeling step (S100) may consider only downlink communication. And in the modeling step (S100), the trajectory of the target pod (tPod) (30a) may be sampled every 10ms, which is the sampling time (t). In the modeling step (S100), the target pod (tPod) (30a) entering the coverage of the relevant internal base station (aBS) (20a) may be modeled.

[0078] Next, as described above, from the modeling step (S100), the target pod (tPod) (30a) may be equipped with two pod antennas (31a, 31b) at both ends, and one of the two pod antennas (31a, 31b), which is adjacent to the relevant internal base station (aBS) (20a), may be selectively activated so that a desired signal transmitted from the base station antenna (21a) of the relevant internal base station (aBS) (20a) can be received. At this time, since the main propagation path of the desired signal is the line-of-sight (LoS), it is not affected at all by each outer layer (35) of the multiple pods (30) and is not attenuated. At this time, the received power measurement step (S200) may measure the desired signal at the corresponding sampling time (t).

[0079] Additionally, in the simulation, whenever an adjacent pod (30b), rather than the target pod (30a), completely passes through the tube (10), the active pod antenna (31a) of the target pod (tPod) (30a) may receive an unwanted interference signal transmitted from the base station antenna (21b) of one or more interference internal base stations (iBS) (20b). In the embodiment of FIG. 6, since the propagation path of the interference signal is non-line-of-sight (NLoS), it is not transmitted directly to the active pod antenna (31a) of the target pod (tPod) (30a), but is transmitted after being reflected from inside the tube (10) or from one or more adjacent pods (30b). At this time, the received power measurement step (S200) may measure one or more interference signals at the corresponding sampling time (t).

[0080] Meanwhile, the above received power measurement step (S200) is the power (P) received by the pod antenna (31a) of the target pod (tPod) (30a). rec In order to obtain ), first, the power (P) received at the circular cross-section of the tube (10) where the activated antenna (31a) is located tube ) can be measured first. And the received power measurement step (S200) first measures the received power (P) at the circular cross-section of the tube (10) that was measured first. tube By multiplying the previously obtained power ratio through an analysis procedure that considers electric and magnetic field components and pattern analysis in ), the power (P) received by the pod antenna (31a) of the target pod (tPod) (30a) is rec ) can be derived.

[0081] Next, the communication capacity calculation step (S300) uses the following [Equation 1] to calculate the communication capacity (C) for the propagation mode (o), duty cycle (u), and sampling time (t). o,u,tIt is characterized by the calculation of ). At this time, the propagation mode (o), duty cycle (u) and sampling time (t) are all numerical values ​​modeled from the modeling step (S100).

[0082]

[0083] Here, B o is the maximum allowable bandwidth of the corresponding propagation mode (o), and P o,t is the received power for a request signal received by the pod antenna (31a) of the target pod (tPod) (30a) in the corresponding propagation mode (o) measured at the corresponding sampling time (t), and I o,u,t is the received power for the sum-interference signal received by the pod antenna (31a) of the target pod (tPod) (30a) at the corresponding sampling time (t), the corresponding propagation mode (o), and the corresponding duty cycle (u), and N o is the thermal noise power in the corresponding propagation mode (o).

[0084] The maximum allowable bandwidth of the corresponding propagation mode (o) mentioned in the present invention can be formed by subtracting the minimum frequency from the maximum frequency. The maximum frequency of each mode can be the same at 184.50 MHz, and the minimum frequency can be changed according to the maximum allowable bandwidth. TE 11 The maximum allowable bandwidth of the mode is 22.49MHz, TM 01 The maximum allowable bandwidth of the mode is 13.02MHz, TE 21 The maximum allowable bandwidth of the mode can be 7.24 MHz.

[0085] The thermal noise power (N) mentioned in the present invention o ) is the Boltzmann constant (k B ), operating temperature (T temp ) and the maximum allowable bandwidth (B) of the corresponding propagation mode (o). o It is the value obtained by multiplying ), and the maximum operating temperature (T temp Assuming ) is 600K, TE 11 1.864×10 in mode-13 W, TM 01 1.079×10 in mode -13 W, and TE 21 0.600×10 in mode -13 W can be substituted into the above [Equation 1] respectively.

[0086] Next, the present invention further comprises an optimization step (S400) in which the previously modeled pod is optimized by utilizing at least one of the radio wave absorbing material of the pod (30), the mode of propagation to the tube (10), the transmission duty cycle of the internal base station (30), the receiving power, and the communication capacity by the at least one processor (110).

[0087] The above pod (30) may be a pod structure formed only of the inner layer (34), which is a metallic material, according to the radio wave absorbing material; a double-layer pod structure formed only of the inner layer (34), which is a metallic material, and an outer layer, which is MF or FAM; and a triple-layer pod structure formed in the order of Metal-MF-FAM or Metal-FAM-MF. The mode propagated to the tube (10) is TE 11 Mode, TM 01 Mode, TE 21 It may include a mode. The transmission duty cycle of the internal base station (30) may be within the range of 0% to 100%. The received power may include the received power for a request signal or the received power for an interference signal measured from the received power measurement step (S200). The communication capacity may include the communication capacity calculated from the communication capacity calculation step (S300).

[0088] Accordingly, the optimization step (S400) can optimize both the type of radio wave absorbing material of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) of the previously modeled Pod (30) and the set thicknesses (T1, T2) of the first outer layer (35) and the second outer layer (36) using the parameters described above. According to the present invention, there is a significant effect of optimizing and implementing a hyperloop system that smoothly supports the mobile traffic demand of all passengers boarding the cabin (32) of the Pod (30).

[0089] The embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, a hardware description language, or any combination thereof. Where implemented by software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, program code or code segments that perform the necessary tasks may be stored on a computer-readable recording medium and executed by one or more processors.

[0090] Furthermore, aspects of the subject matter described herein may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules or components executed by a computer. Generally, program modules or components include routines, programs, objects, and data structures that perform specific tasks or implement specific data types. The aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices linked through a communication network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located on both local and remote computer storage media, including memory storage devices.

[0091] Although the embodiments have been described above with reference to limited examples and drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations from the description above. For example, suitable results may be achieved even if the described techniques are performed in a different order than described, and / or the components of the system, structure, device, circuit, etc. described are combined or assembled in a form different from the described method, or are replaced or substituted by other components or equivalents.

[0092] Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims also fall within the scope of the claims set forth below.

Claims

1. In a pod that moves along the length of a tube within a hyperloop system, A cabin for carrying people or cargo; A core layer surrounding the above cabin; An inner layer formed of a metallic material to block electromagnetic waves from outside the above-mentioned pod and disposed on the core layer; It includes a first outer layer and a second outer layer formed of different electromagnetic wave absorbing materials having preset thicknesses (T1, T2) to attenuate the electromagnetic waves and sequentially disposed on the inner layer. The inner layer, the first outer layer, and the second outer layer are A triple-layered pod for increasing communication capacity, characterized by reducing reception power for combined interference signals by forming a triple-layered pod structure.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned radio wave absorbing material is, A triple-layer structure pod for increased communication capacity characterized by ECCOSORB MF-124 and FAM-5GS6.

3. In Paragraph 1, The set thicknesses (T1, T2) of the first outer layer and the second outer layer are, A triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity, characterized by being optimized according to at least one of the above-mentioned radio wave absorbing material, the mode of propagation in the tube, and the transmission duty cycle of an internal base station within the hyperloop system.

4. A modeling step in which a hyperloop system is modeled by at least one processor, comprising a tube connecting stations, an internal base station provided inside the tube, and a pod antenna provided and moving along the length of the tube while wirelessly communicating with the nearest internal base station; A receiving power measurement step in which, by the above-mentioned at least one processor, the receiving power of a target pod (tPod) for a request signal transmitted from a relevant internal base station (aBS) and an interference signal transmitted from one or more interference internal base stations (iBS) are each measured at each sampling time in a modeled hyperloop system; and By the at least one processor, a sum-interference signal averaging one or more interference signals and the received power for the request signal are utilized to provide the communication capacity (C) of the target pod (tPod). o,u,t A method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity, comprising a communication capacity calculation step in which ) is calculated.

5. In Paragraph 4, The above modeling step is, A method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layered pod for increasing communication capacity, characterized by including: a pod modeling step in which the pod is modeled to have a triple-layered pod structure, wherein the pod is formed of an inner layer formed of a metal material, and a first outer layer and a second outer layer formed of different radio wave absorbing materials of predetermined thicknesses (T1, T2) and sequentially disposed on the inner layer.

6. In Paragraph 5, The above-mentioned radio wave absorbing material is, A method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity, characterized by being ECCOSORB MF-124 or FAM-5GS6.

7. In Paragraph 4, A method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity, further comprising: an optimization step in which at least one of the radio wave absorbing material of the pod, the mode propagated to the tube, the transmission duty cycle of the internal base station, the receiving power, and the communication capacity is utilized by the above-mentioned at least one processor to optimize the previously modeled pod.

8. In Paragraph 4, The above communication capacity calculation step is, The following [Equation 1] is used to determine the communication capacity (C) for the propagation mode (o), duty cycle (u), and sampling time (t). o,u,t A method for measuring the communication capacity of a triple-layer structure pod for increasing communication capacity, characterized by the calculation of ). [Mathematical Formula 1] Here, B o is the maximum allowable bandwidth of the corresponding propagation mode (o), and P o,t is the received power for the request signal received by the pod antenna of the target pod (tPod) in the corresponding propagation mode (o) measured at the corresponding sampling time (t), and I o,u,t is the received power for the sum-interference signal received by the pod antenna of the target pod (tPod) at the corresponding sampling time (t), the corresponding propagation mode (o), and the corresponding duty cycle (u), and N o is the thermal noise power in the corresponding propagation mode (o).

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