Optical communication apparatus and system, and processing method for optical communication

Abstract

An optical communication apparatus and system, and a processing method for optical communication, which relate to the technical field of optical communications and are used for reducing the resource waste. An OLT supports operating modes of one or more optical communication protocols, wherein each optical communication protocol comprises a plurality of operating modes. An ONU (or ONT) also supports operating modes of one or more optical communication protocols. When the OLT is configured to be in a certain operating mode, the ONU can automatically adapt to the operating mode. Different operating modes under the same optical communication protocol correspond to different frame periods, and therefore adaptation to a plurality of scenarios is supported, and resource waste caused by frame period mismatch can be avoided. In addition, frame lengths are identical, and therefore different frame periods result in different bandwidths, thereby also meeting the requirements of different bandwidth scenarios. In addition, the frame lengths remain unchanged, so that special processing for a control module is not required, thereby reducing the resource waste.

Description

An optical communication device, system, and optical communication processing method.

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510178540.7, filed on February 18, 2025, entitled "An optical communication device, system and optical communication processing method", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of optical communication technology, and in particular to an optical communication device, system and optical communication processing method. Background Technology

[0004] Currently, there is an increasing demand for PON technology in various scenarios, such as fiber to the room (FTTR) and industrial control.

[0005] For example, industrial control scenarios have different frame period requirements, such as 100us, while the current PON system uses a frame period of 125us. Generally, a single frame multiple burst method is used, such as configuring a single frame 2 bursts with a period of 62.5us to carry services. However, this period is not aligned, that is, the period is less than the period required for industrial control, which leads to resource waste and high complexity of data synchronization processing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides an optical communication device, system, and optical communication processing method to reduce resource waste.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an optical communication device applied to an optical head end. The device includes a first control module and an optical module. The first control module is configured to determine a first working mode among N1 working modes, where N1 is an integer greater than 1. The data frames used in the N1 working modes have the same frame length but different frame periods. The frame period of the data frames in the first working mode is a first frame period. The first control module is further configured to control the optical module to send a first data frame stream to a first optical terminal using the first frame period according to the first working mode. The first data frame stream carries first downlink data.

[0008] This application, through the aforementioned solution, supports multiple operating modes by configuring the control module. Different operating modes correspond to different frame periods, adapting to various scenarios and avoiding resource waste due to period mismatch. Furthermore, since the frame length is the same, different frame periods provide different bandwidths, thus matching different bandwidth requirements. Additionally, since the frame length remains constant, no special processing is needed for the control module, further reducing resource waste.

[0009] In one possible design, the first control module is further configured to control the optical module to receive a second data frame stream from the first optical terminal using a first frame period, according to a first operating mode, wherein the second data frame stream carries the first uplink data.

[0010] In the above design, the first control module can use a predetermined frame period to receive the data stream.

[0011] In one possible design, the device further includes a second control module. The first control module adopts a first optical communication protocol, and the second control module adopts a second optical communication protocol. The second control module supports operating in N2 operating modes, where N2 is an integer greater than 1. The frame length of the data frame used under the first optical communication protocol is different from the frame length of the data frame used under the second optical communication protocol.

[0012] The embodiments of this application can also be applied to scenarios where multiple systems are deployed in a mixed manner, and different systems use different optical communication protocols.

[0013] In one possible design, the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are each one of the following optical communication protocols: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Symmetric Passive Optical Network (XGS-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, and 50 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (50-PON) protocol; the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are two different protocols.

[0014] In one possible design, a processor is also included; the processor is used to configure the first control module in a first operating mode out of N1 operating modes.

[0015] In one possible design, the processor is further configured to operate the second control module in a second operating mode out of N2 operating modes; the frame period of the data frame in the second operating mode is the second frame period; the second control module is configured to control the optical module to send a third data frame stream to the second optical terminal according to the second operating mode and the second frame period, the third data frame stream carrying the second downlink data.

[0016] In the above design, the processor can control the different operating modes of the modules to achieve the frame period adopted by the OLT and communicate with different ONUs.

[0017] In one possible design, the second control module is also used to control the optical module to receive a fourth data frame from the second optical terminal using a second frame period, according to the second operating mode. The fourth data frame carries the second uplink data.

[0018] In one possible design, the frame periods of the data frames used in the N1 operating modes are integer multiples of each other. For example, satisfying an integer multiple of 100µs can better suit industrial control scenarios.

[0019] In one possible design, the first frame period is 100us, 125us, 80us, 62.5us, 250us, 320us, 400us, or 500us.

[0020] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an optical communication device applied to an optical terminal. The device includes a control module and an optical module. The control module supports operation in N1 operating modes. The data frames used in the N1 operating modes have the same frame length but different frame periods. The optical module is used to receive optical signals from an optical head end, and the optical signals carry a first data frame stream. The control module is used to detect the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream adopts a first frame period. The first frame period corresponds to the first operating mode among the N1 operating modes. The control module is also used to process the first data frame stream while operating in the first operating mode.

[0021] In the above scheme, when the OLT operates with a certain frame period, the optical terminal can adapt well to the working mode corresponding to that frame period.

[0022] In one possible design, the control module is specifically used to traverse the frame periods of N1 operating modes:

[0023] The physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream is detected according to the frame period corresponding to the i-th working mode of the traversal, so as to perform frame synchronization operation.

[0024] When frame synchronization is completed, the frame period of the first data frame stream is determined to be the frame period of the i-th working mode, and the traversal is stopped; or, when frame synchronization is not completed, the frame period corresponding to the (i+1)-th working mode is traversed, where i is a positive integer less than N1.

[0025] In the above design, the optical terminal adapts to the working mode configured by the OLT among the multiple supported working modes by traversing the frame periods of various working modes.

[0026] In one possible design, the control module supports operating in N1 working modes of the first optical communication protocol, and the control module also supports operating in N2 working modes of the second optical communication protocol, wherein the frame length of the data frame used in the first optical communication protocol is different from the frame length of the data frame used in the second optical communication protocol.

[0027] In one possible design, the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are each one of the following optical communication protocols: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Symmetric Passive Optical Network (XGS-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, and 50 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (50-PON) protocol; the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are two different protocols.

[0028] In one possible design, the control module is specifically used for:

[0029] It operates under the first optical communication protocol to traverse the frame periods of the N1 working modes of the first optical communication protocol;

[0030] If frame synchronization is not completed after traversing the frame periods of the N1 working modes of the first optical communication protocol, the system switches to the second optical communication protocol to continue traversing the frame periods of the N2 working modes of the second optical communication protocol in order to determine the frame period used by the first data frame stream.

[0031] In the above design, when the optical head supports multiple optical communication protocols, the working modes of multiple optical communication protocols can be traversed to adapt the working mode of the OLT configuration among the supported working modes.

[0032] In one possible design, the control module is also used to: send a second data frame stream to the optical head end while operating in the first working mode.

[0033] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an optical communication processing method applied to an optical head end. The method includes: determining a first working mode among N1 working modes, where N1 is an integer greater than 1; the data frames used in the N1 working modes have the same frame length but different frame periods; the frame period of the data frames in the first working mode is a first frame period; and according to the first working mode, using the first frame period, sending a first data frame stream to a first optical terminal, the first data frame stream carrying first downlink data.

[0034] In one possible design, the method also includes:

[0035] According to the first working mode, the second data frame stream from the first optical terminal is received using the first frame period, and the second data frame stream carries the first uplink data.

[0036] In one possible design, the optical head supports a first optical communication protocol and a second optical communication protocol. The first optical communication protocol includes N1 working modes, and the second optical communication protocol includes N2 working modes, where N2 is an integer greater than 1. The frame length of the data frame used under the first optical communication protocol is different from that used under the second optical communication protocol.

[0037] In one possible design, the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are each one of the following optical communication protocols: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Symmetric Passive Optical Network (XGS-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, and 50 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (50-PON) protocol; the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are two different protocols.

[0038] In one possible design, the frame periods of the data frames used in the N1 working modes satisfy an integer multiple relationship.

[0039] In one possible design, the first frame period is 100us, 125us, 80us, 62.5us, 250us, 320us, 400us, or 500us.

[0040] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a processing method for optical communication, applied to an optical terminal, wherein the optical head supports operation in N1 operating modes; the data frames used in the N1 operating modes have the same frame length but different frame periods; the method includes: receiving a first data frame stream from the optical head; detecting physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream uses a first frame period; the first frame period corresponds to a first operating mode among the N1 operating modes; and processing the first data frame stream while operating in the first operating mode.

[0041] In one possible design, detecting the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream adopts the first frame period includes: traversing the frame periods of N1 operating modes:

[0042] The physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream is detected according to the frame period corresponding to the i-th working mode of the traversal, so as to perform frame synchronization operation.

[0043] When frame synchronization is completed, the frame period of the first data frame stream is determined to be the frame period of the i-th working mode, and the traversal is stopped; or, when frame synchronization is not completed, the frame period corresponding to the (i+1)-th working mode is traversed, where i is a positive integer less than N1.

[0044] In one possible design, the optical head supports operating in N1 working modes of the first optical communication protocol, and the control module also supports operating in N2 working modes of the second optical communication protocol. The frame length of the data frame used under the first optical communication protocol is different from that under the second optical communication protocol.

[0045] In one possible design, the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are each one of the following optical communication protocols: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Symmetric Passive Optical Network (XGS-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, and 50 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (50-PON) protocol; the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are two different protocols.

[0046] In one possible design, detecting the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream adopts a first frame period includes:

[0047] It operates under the first optical communication protocol to traverse the frame periods of the N1 working modes of the first optical communication protocol;

[0048] If frame synchronization is not completed after traversing the frame periods of the N1 working modes of the first optical communication protocol, the system switches to the second optical communication protocol to continue traversing the frame periods of the N2 working modes of the second optical communication protocol in order to determine the frame period used by the first data frame stream.

[0049] In one possible design, it also includes: sending a second data frame stream to the optical head while operating in the first working mode.

[0050] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable medium for storing a computer program, the computer program including instructions for performing a method in the third aspect or any optional implementation of the third aspect; or, including instructions for performing a method in the fourth aspect or any optional implementation of the fourth aspect.

[0051] Sixthly, embodiments of this application also provide an optical communication system, including the optical communication device described in the first aspect or any design of the first aspect, and the optical communication device described in the second aspect or any design of the second aspect.

[0052] Based on the implementations provided in the above aspects, this application can be further combined to provide more implementations. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the FTTR network architecture;

[0055] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an FTTR network frequency upgrade scenario;

[0056] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cycle demand in industrial scenarios;

[0057] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the downlink GTC frame of the GPON system;

[0058] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the uplink GTC frame of the GPON system.

[0059] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the data frame structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an optical communication device structure suitable for OLT provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another optical communication device structure suitable for OLT provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an optical communication device structure suitable for ONU provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an ONU frame period detection process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another ONU frame period detection process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 13 is a schematic flowchart of an optical communication processing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 14 is a schematic flowchart of another optical communication processing method provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0068] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. Additionally, " / " indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship; for example, A / B can represent A or B. "And / or" in this application merely describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that "first" and "second" are not necessarily different. It should also be noted that, unless specifically stated, the specific description of some technical features in one embodiment can also be used to explain the corresponding technical features mentioned in other embodiments.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of an optical communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0070] The optical communication system includes at least one optical line terminal (OLT) 110, multiple optical network units (ONUs) 120, and an optical distribution network (ODN) 130. In this application, the OLT 110 is connected to the multiple ONUs 120 via the ODN 130. Communication between the OLT 110 and the ONUs 120 can be achieved using time division multiplexing (TDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), or a hybrid TDM / WDM mechanism. The direction from the OLT 110 to the ONU 120 is defined as the downlink direction, while the direction from the ONU 120 to the OLT 110 is the uplink direction. The OLT can also be referred to as an optical head unit or central office equipment. An ONT or ONU can also be understood as an optical terminal; the ONT or ONU is the end unit of a PON system, also called an "optical modem." In other words, the OLT can perform the functions of the optical head unit in this application, and the ONT or ONU can perform the functions of the optical terminal in this application.

[0071] An optical communication system can be a communication network that does not require any active devices to distribute data between the OLT110 and ONU120. For example, in a specific embodiment, data distribution between the OLT110 and ONU120 can be achieved using passive optical devices (such as a beam splitter) in the ODN130. The aforementioned optical communication system can be, for example, a passive optical network (PON) system. The PON system can be, for example, a gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) system, a time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (TWDM-PON) system, a 10-gigabit-capable passive optical network (XGPON) system, a 10-gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical network (XGS-PON) system, a 25-gigabit-capable passive optical network (25-PON) system, or a 50-gigabit-capable passive optical network (50-PON) system. With the emergence of new technologies in the future, the speed of the PON system may be increased to 100Gbps or even higher; therefore, the optical communication system can also be a PON system with a higher transmission rate, and this application does not limit this.

[0072] The OLT110 is typically located in a central position (e.g., a Central Office, CO) and can centrally manage one or more ONUs120. The OLT110 can act as an intermediary between the ONUs120 and the upper-layer network (not shown in the diagram), forwarding data received from the upper-layer network as downlink data to the ONUs120 via the ODN130, and forwarding uplink data received from the ONUs120 to the upper-layer network. The ONUs120 can be distributed and located at user-side locations (e.g., user premises). The ONUs120 can be devices used for communication with the OLT110 and users; specifically, the ONU120 can act as an intermediary between the OLT110 and the user. For example, the ONU120 can forward downlink data received from the OLT110 to the user, and forward data received from the user as uplink data to the OLT110 via the ODN130. It should be understood that optical network terminals (ONTs) are generally used by end users, such as optical modems; while ONU120 can be used by end users or connected to end users through other networks (such as Ethernet). In this application, ONU120 is used as an example for description, and ONU120 and ONT are interchangeable.

[0073] ODN130 may include optical fibers, optical couplers, beam splitters, and / or other devices. In one embodiment, the optical fibers, optical couplers, beam splitters, and / or other devices may be passive optical devices. That is, the optical fibers, optical couplers, beam splitters, and / or other devices may be devices that distribute data signals between OLT110 and ONU120 without requiring power support. Alternatively, in other embodiments, ODN130 may also include one or more active devices, such as optical amplifiers or relay devices. In the branching structure shown in Figure 1, ODN130 may specifically extend from OLT 110 to multiple ONU120s, but it can also be configured as any other point-to-multipoint (e.g., single-stage or multi-stage beam splitting) or point-to-point structure.

[0074] Currently, there is an increasing demand for PON technology in various scenarios, such as fiber to the room (FTTR) and industrial control.

[0075] For example, as shown in Figure 2, the FTTR network includes a main ONT (which can also be the optical head in this embodiment), a slave ONT (or edge ONT) (which can also be the optical terminal in this embodiment), a home optical network (or home ODN), and a cloud management platform. The main ONT is located between the central office OLT and the slave ONTs, connecting upwards to the central office OLT via XGPON or 10GEPON, supporting gigabit-to-the-home (Gbps) access, and providing fiber optic interfaces to connect to the slave ONTs. It is understood that the main ONT has some or all of the functions of the OLT. As the home network center, the main ONT can achieve unified management and configuration of all slave ONTs. The slave ONTs are distributed Wi-Fi access devices in the home, distributed to various rooms, connected to the FTTR main ONT via home optical cables, and providing Wi-Fi 6 and GE ports to access various home internet terminals. In some implementation scenarios, the main gateway adopts a symmetrical network. Symmetry means that the uplink and downlink rates provided by the PON ports of the main ONT are equal. Currently, FTTR scenarios, excluding higher bandwidth (or speed) requirements, have increased the main gateway's speed by 25% from 2.5G to 3.11G, and this may increase further in the future. As shown in Figure 3, the main FTTR gateway, also known as the main ONT, supports speeds increased from 2.5G to 3.11G. The 2.5G main FTTR gateway includes a 2.5G bidirectional optical subassembly (BOSA), a 2.5G symmetrical PON module, and an ONT MAC. The secondary FTTR gateway includes a 2.5G symmetrical BOSA and a 2.5G symmetrical PON module (which can be understood as a PON port). To increase the supported speed, the 2.5G symmetrical BOSA needs to be replaced with a 3G symmetrical BOSA, and the 2.5G symmetrical PON module needs to be replaced with a 3G symmetrical PON module.

[0076] For example, industrial control scenarios require low latency and low jitter. Furthermore, the China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute's "Time-Sensitive Networks White Paper" (November 2020) mentions isochronous synchronization traffic (cycle 50µs-2ms) and periodic synchronization traffic (typical cycle 100µs-2ms). Different scenarios have different cycle requirements, as shown in Figure 4. Robot control, general motion control, computer digital control, programmable logic control, and distributed control systems each have different cycle requirements.

[0077] Currently, PON systems use a 125µs frame period, which cannot effectively and cost-effectively adapt to different frame period requirements. For example, in FTTR scenarios, using GPON for speedup can maintain the 125µs frame period while extending the frame length, from 19440 bytes to 24300 bytes in the uplink direction. However, this approach requires modifications to the MAC and PON modules, increasing complexity. For instance, some industrial control scenarios use a 100µs frame period, while PON systems use a 125µs frame period. Typically, a single-frame multi-burst configuration is used, such as configuring a single frame with 2 bursts, resulting in a 62.5µs period for service delivery. However, this misalignment—meaning the period is shorter than required for industrial control—leads to resource waste and high complexity in data synchronization.

[0078] Based on this, this application provides a data transmission method and apparatus that does not require modification of the MAC and DBA modules of the OLT and ONT, thereby reducing processing complexity.

[0079] Before describing the embodiments of this application, let's first introduce the frame structure of the GPON system, which uses a frame period of 125µs. A GPON system frame can also be called a GPON Transmission Convergence (GTC) frame. Referring to Figure 5, a downlink GTC frame includes a GTC header and a GTC payload. The GTC header may include a downlink physical control block (PCBd). The PCBd provides OAM functions such as frame synchronization, timing, and dynamic bandwidth allocation.

[0080] As shown in Figure 5, PCBd includes the Physical Synchronization field (or field) (Psync), the Ident field (used to indicate the larger frame structure), the Downlink Physical Layer Operations Administration and Maintenance (PLOAMd) field (carrying downlink PLOAM messages), the Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP) field (used to measure the number of errors on the link), the Downlink Payload Length (Plend) field (used to indicate the length of the Bandwidth Map (Bwmap), and the US (upstream) BWmap (Bandwidth Map) field (each entry in the array represents the bandwidth allocated to a specific receiver). The number of entries in the mapping table is specified by the Plend field. The US BWmap field is an 8-byte scalar array of allocation structures. Each item in this array represents the bandwidth mapping of a specific Transmission CONT (T-CONT). The number of items N in the mapping array is given in the Plend field, and it is mainly used for uplink bandwidth allocation. The payload portion can consist of multiple gigabit-capable passive optical network encapsulation mode (GEM) frames of different lengths.

[0081] The Physical Synchronization (Psync) field is used for frame delimitation. The Bit Interleaving Parity (BIP) information carried in the BIP field covers all transmitted bytes after the previous BIP. The receiver should calculate the BIP values ​​for all received bytes after the previous BIP and compare them with the received BIP value to measure the number of errors on the link.

[0082] Referring to Figure 6, this is a schematic diagram of the uplink GTC frame format. An uplink GTC frame can include uplink data transmitted from one or more ONUs to the OLT. This uplink data can be transmitted through an uplink channel and includes payload data and network control and management information. The uplink data from one ONU can also be referred to as an ONU burst. The uplink GTC frame can include the following fields: Uplink Physical Layer Overhead upstream (PLOu), Uplink PLOAM (PLOAMu) field, Uplink Dynamic Bandwidth Report upstream (DBRu) field, and Uplink Payload field. The Uplink Payload field can be a GEM frame. The PLOu can include multiple fields, such as a preamble field, a burst delimiter field, a bit interleaving parity (BIP) field, an ONU identifier (ONU-ID) field, and an indication (Ind) field. The uplink GTC frame may also include a Guard Time field, which precedes the remaining fields and indicates the uplink GTC frame. The PLOu combination field can indicate which ONU sent the uplink GTC frame to the OLT. For example, the Preamble and Delimiter fields can correspond to that ONU and can be generated according to the OLT's instructions. The BIP field can include bit-interleaved parity information as described above, and the ONU-ID field can include the address assigned to the corresponding ONU. The Ind field can indicate the ONU's status to the OLT, where the uplink GTC frame can essentially be a real-time transmission. The DBRu field can include information related to a separate transport container (T-CONT). The T-CONT can be used to manage uplink bandwidth allocation in the GTC layer. The DBRu field can include two subfields: a Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA) subfield and a CRC subfield. The DBA subfield can indicate buffer data volume reporting; for example, it can include the traffic status of the T-CONT.

[0083] The solutions provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0084] This application provides a data frame with a fixed structure and length, but an adjustable period. Frame rate = frame length / frame period. In this application, the frame rate can be adjusted by regulating the frame period. The data frame provided in this application can reuse the length and structure of the GPON protocol's GTC frame, the XSGPON protocol's frame structure, the 25-PON protocol's frame structure, or the 50-PON protocol's frame structure, and can increase or decrease the frequency based on these frame lengths to meet different frame period / frame rate requirements in different implementation scenarios. As an example, referring to Table 1, multiple frame period / frame rate modes are implemented by increasing the frequency based on the GPON protocol and decreasing the frequency based on the XGSPON protocol.

[0085] Table 1

[0086] As shown in Table 1, in a GPON system, multiple cycle modes are achieved by increasing the frequency.

[0087] (1) Implement 2.5G PON:

[0088] The frame period is 125µs, the frame rate is 2.48832Gbps, and the frame period * frame rate = a fixed value (38880 bytes).

[0089] (2) Implement 3G PON:

[0090] Frame period 100us, frame rate 3.1104Gbps, frame period * frame rate = fixed value (38880 bytes).

[0091] (3) Implement 4G PON:

[0092] The frame period is 80µs, the frame rate is 3.888, and the frame period * frame rate = a fixed value (38880 bytes).

[0093] (4) Implement 4G PON:

[0094] Frame period 62.5, frame rate 4.97664, frame period * frame rate = fixed value (38880 bytes).

[0095] As shown in Table 1, in the XGSPON system, multiple cycle modes are achieved by frequency reduction.

[0096] 1) Implement 2.5G PON:

[0097] The frame period is 125µs, the frame rate is 2.48832Gbps, and the frame period * frame rate = a fixed value (38880 bytes).

[0098] 2) Implement 3G PON:

[0099] Frame period 400us, frame rate 3.1104Gbps, frame period * frame rate = fixed value (155520 bytes).

[0100] 3) Implement 4G PON:

[0101] The frame period is 320µs, the frame rate is 3.888Gbps, and the frame period * frame rate = a fixed value (155520 bytes).

[0102] 4) Implement 5G PON:

[0103] The frame period is 250µs, the frame rate is 4.97664Gbps, and the frame period * frame rate = a fixed value (155520 bytes).

[0104] 5) Implement 10G PON:

[0105] The frame period is 125µs, the frame rate is 9.95328Gbps, and the frame period * frame rate = a fixed value (155520 bytes).

[0106] Taking the GPON protocol as an example, the current frame period of the GTC frame in the GPON protocol is 125µs, and the frame length is 38,880 bytes. By downsampling, the frame period becomes 100µs, and the frame length remains 38,880 bytes. The frame structure after downsampling is shown in Figure 7. The structure of the data frame after downsampling is the same as the frame structure of the GTC frame at 125µs, but the frame period is reduced to 100µs. With a frame period of 125µs, 8,000 superframes (SFs) can be transmitted per second, i.e., each frame is 125µs. After downsampling to 100µs, 10,000 superframes can be transmitted per second, each frame being 100µs, thus achieving 3G PON.

[0107] Based on the structure of the above data frames, the optical communication device and method provided in the application embodiments will be described in detail below.

[0108] Referring to Figure 8, which is a schematic diagram of the optical communication device structure provided in an embodiment of this application, the optical communication device is applied in an OLT. It includes a first control module 810 and an optical module 820. The first control module 810 may employ a Medium Access Control (MAC) unit.

[0109] The OLT's MAC unit is used to implement functions such as ONU management, dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA), ONU registration and activation, data transmission and reception, and power detection triggering.

[0110] The MAC unit of an OLT can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system-on-chip (SoC), a central processor unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0111] An optical module, also known as a photoelectric converter, is used in an OLT. The optical module 820 includes an optical transmitter and an optical receiver. This module 820 performs photoelectric conversion; the optical transmitter converts electrical signals into optical signals, transmits them to the ODN, and then transmits them to the ONU via optical fiber. The optical receiver receives optical signals from the ODN network and converts them into digital electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the first control module 810. The first control module employs a first optical communication protocol. This protocol can be one of several such protocols: GPON, XG-PON, XGS-PON, XG-PON, 50-PON, etc. The first control module 810 supports N1 operating modes. The data frames used in these N1 operating modes have the same frame length but different frame periods. For example, if the first optical communication protocol is GPON, then the operating modes of the first optical communication protocol can include at least two of the modes listed in Table 2. Similarly, if the first optical communication protocol is XGSPON, then the operating modes of the first optical communication protocol can include at least two of the modes listed in Table 3. Tables 2 and 3 are merely examples and do not constitute specific limitations on the number of working modes or frame periods.

[0112] Table 2

[0113] Table 3

[0114] In one possible implementation, the first control module 810 determines that it is in a first operating mode out of N1 operating modes. Taking the frame period of the data frame in the first operating mode as the first frame period as an example, the first control module 810 controls the optical module 820 to send a first data frame stream to the first ONT (or the first ONU) using the first frame period, according to the first operating mode. The first data frame stream carries the first downlink data. Specifically, the first control module 810 can send the first data frame stream of the electrical signal to the optical module 820 using the first frame period. The optical module 820 converts the first data frame stream of the electrical signal into a first data frame stream of the optical signal and sends it out.

[0115] In some possible embodiments, the first control module 810 may also control the optical module 820 to receive a second data frame stream from the first ONT (or first ONU) according to a first operating mode, wherein the second data frame stream carries the first uplink data. Specifically, the optical module 820 receives the second data frame stream of the optical signal according to the first frame period, then converts the second data frame stream of the optical signal into a second data frame stream of the electrical signal, and sends it to the first control module 810.

[0116] In some possible implementation scenarios, the OLT supports multiple optical communication protocols. Taking the OLT supporting a first optical communication protocol and a second optical communication protocol as an example, the OLT supports communication with an ONT (or ONU, hereinafter referred to as ONU) using the first optical communication protocol. The OLT may include two control modules, each supporting a different optical communication protocol, i.e., supporting communication with ONUs using different optical communication protocols.

[0117] Referring to Figure 9, which is a schematic diagram of the optical communication device structure provided in an embodiment of this application, the optical communication device is applied in an OLT. In addition to a first control module 810 and an optical module 820, the optical communication device also includes a second control module 830. The first control module 810 adopts a first optical communication protocol, and the second control module 830 adopts a second optical communication protocol. The second control module 830 supports operating in N2 operating modes, where N2 is an integer greater than 1. The frame length of the data frame used under the first optical communication protocol is different from the frame length of the data frame used under the second optical communication protocol. For example, the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are one of the following optical communication protocols: GPON protocol, XG-PON protocol, XGS-PON protocol, XG-PON protocol, and 50-PON protocol. As an example, if the first optical communication protocol is GPON protocol and the second optical communication protocol is XGSPON protocol, then the operating modes of the first optical communication protocol may include at least two items from Table 2, and the operating modes of the second optical communication protocol may include at least two items from Table 3.

[0118] In some embodiments, the optical module 820 may have a built-in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit for performing multiplexing / demultiplexing operations. For example, the optical module 820 includes an optical receiver, an optical transmitter, and a WDM unit. The optical receiver is used to receive uplink optical signals; the optical transmitter is used to transmit downlink optical signals.

[0119] Optionally, the optical communication device may also include at least two serializers / deserializers (SerDes) (not shown in Figure 9). One end of the SerDes is connected to the optical module 820, and the other end is connected to the first control module 810 or the second control module 830, respectively, to complete the conversion between serial data of the optical module 820 and parallel data of the control module (first control module or second control module).

[0120] In one possible implementation, as shown in FIG9, the optical communication device may further include a processor 840.

[0121] The processor 840 may include one or more of the following: a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.

[0122] In this embodiment, the processor 840 and the control module (first control module 810 and / or second control module 830) can be integrated into one chip, or they can be implemented by different chips. This embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0123] The processor 840 can also configure the operating mode of the first control module 810. In some implementation scenarios, the processor 840 also configures the operating mode of the second control module 830. Taking the configuration of the second control module 830 as the second operating mode as an example, the frame period of the data frame in the second operating mode is the second frame period. According to the second operating mode, the second control module 830 controls the optical module 820 to send a third data frame to the second ONU using the second frame period. The third data frame carries the second downlink data. Here, the second ONU supports the use of the second optical communication protocol as an example. In some implementations, according to the second operating mode, the second control module 830 controls the optical module 820 to receive a fourth data frame stream from the second ONU using the second frame period. The fourth data frame stream carries the second uplink data.

[0124] In some possible implementation scenarios, the processor 840 configures the operating mode of the optical module 820. For example, the optical module 820 can upsell and transmit downlink optical signals of different wavelengths carried by different control module signals. The optical module 820 can also transmit uplink optical signals to different control modules according to the wavelength of the uplink optical signal.

[0125] In some possible implementation scenarios applied to industrial optical systems, to better match the industrial optical bus cycle, the frame periods of the data frames used in the N1 working modes (partial or full working modes) under the first optical communication protocol can satisfy an integer multiple relationship, such as all being integer multiples of 100µs. Alternatively, the frame periods of the data frames used in the N2 working modes (partial or full working modes) under the second optical communication protocol can satisfy an integer multiple relationship, such as all being integer multiples of 100µs. This example only uses industrial optical systems; it can also be applied to other scenarios requiring different conditions, and this application does not limit this application.

[0126] The following is a detailed explanation of the process for matching the working modes of an optical terminal. Taking an ONU as an example, Figure 10 shows an optical communication device applied to an ONU. This device includes a control module 1010 and an optical module 1020. The control module supports a first optical communication protocol. The control module supports operation in N1 working modes (first optical communication protocol); the data frames used in the N1 working modes have the same frame length but different frame periods. Optical module 1020 receives optical signals from the optical head end, and the optical signals carry the first data frame stream. The function of control module 1010 is similar to that of the control module in the OLT, as described above, and will not be repeated here. The function of optical module 1020 is similar to that of the optical module in the OLT, as described above, and will not be repeated here. Optical module 1020 receives optical signals from the OLT, and the optical signals carry the first data frame stream. The control module 1010 detects the physical layer synchronization information (such as the Psync field) of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream adopts the first frame period; the first frame period corresponds to the first working mode among N1 working modes; the control module 1010 processes the first data frame stream in the first working mode.

[0127] In some possible implementations, when the control module 1010 determines the frame period of the first data frame stream by detecting the physical layer synchronization information (e.g., the Psync field) of the first data frame stream, it can do so by traversing the frame periods of N1 operating modes. The physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream is detected according to the frame period corresponding to the i-th operating mode. If the detection is successful and frame synchronization is completed, the frame period of the first data frame stream is determined to be the frame period of the i-th operating mode; or, if the detection fails, the frame period corresponding to the (i+1)-th operating mode is traversed, where i is a positive integer less than N1.

[0128] Referring to Figure 11, frame period 1 is traversed, and the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream is detected using frame period 1. If frame synchronization is completed, frame period 1 is determined to be the frame period of the first data frame stream, and the traversal stops. If the detection fails, i.e., frame synchronization fails, the traversal of frame period 2 continues. That is, the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream is detected using frame period 2. In some embodiments, if frame synchronization is still not completed after traversing N1 working mode frame periods, the next round of traversal can continue.

[0129] Based on the aforementioned GPON downlink GTC frame structure, taking a frame period of 100µs as an example, the Psync field appears once every 100µs. The ONU obtains downlink frame synchronization by searching for the Psync field. The ONU begins in search mode. In search mode, the ONU searches for the Psync field bit by bit and byte by byte. Once a correct Psync is found, the ONU enters pre-synchronization mode and sets the counter N = 1. Then, the ONU searches for the next Psync every 100µs. Each time a correct Psync is found, the counter value is incremented by 1. If an incorrect Psync is found, the ONU returns to search mode. In pre-synchronization mode, if the counter value is M1, i.e., there is no Loss of Signal (LOS) / Loss of Frame (LOF) alarm, the ONU enters synchronization mode, i.e., frame synchronization is completed. Once in synchronization mode, the ONU begins processing PCBd information.

[0130] The above description focuses on the ONU employing a single optical communication protocol. However, in some possible implementation scenarios, the ONU supports multiple optical communication protocols. This can be understood as the control module 1010 supporting multiple optical communication protocols. In this case, the control module can traverse multiple operating modes of various communication protocols. For example, the control module supports operating in N1 operating modes of a first optical communication protocol and also supports operating in N2 operating modes of a second optical communication protocol, where the frame length of the data frames used under the first optical communication protocol differs from that under the second optical communication protocol. The control module 1010 operates under the first optical communication protocol to traverse the frame periods of the N1 operating modes of the first optical communication protocol. If frame synchronization is not completed after traversing the frame periods of the N1 operating modes of the first optical communication protocol, it switches to operating under the second optical communication protocol to continue traversing the frame periods of the N2 operating modes of the second optical communication protocol to determine the frame period used by the first data frame stream.

[0131] With the above solution, when the OLT is configured with a certain working mode, the ONU can adapt to working in that working mode.

[0132] Referring to Figure 12, the ONU supports both GPON and XGSPON protocols as an example. The GPON protocol includes four working modules, as shown in Table 2 (Working Modes 1-4). The XGSPON protocol includes five working modules, as shown in Table 3 (Working Modes 1-5).

[0133] The control module 1010 first iterates through the four operating modes under the GPON protocol. It initially performs frame synchronization using a frame period of 125µs. If frame synchronization is successful, the frame period is set to 125µs. If synchronization fails, it continues iterating through frame periods of 100µs. If synchronization is successful, the frame period is set to 100µs. If synchronization fails, it continues iterating through frame periods of 80µs, and so on. If frame synchronization fails even in operating mode 4 (62.5µs) under the GPON protocol, the control module 1010 can continue iterating through the five operating modes under the XGSPON protocol, as shown in Figure 12. In some possible implementation scenarios, if frame synchronization is still not successful after iterating through the five operating modes under the XGSPON protocol, the next round of optical communication protocol iteration can continue, i.e., continuing to iterate through the four operating modes under the GPON protocol.

[0134] In some possible implementation scenarios, the execution time of frame synchronization operations can also be configured, such as 1 second. If frame synchronization is not completed within 1 second, the frame cycle of the next working mode will be switched to continue traversing.

[0135] Based on the above embodiments, the optical communication processing method provided in this application is described below.

[0136] Taking the example where both the OLT and ONU use the same optical communication protocol. This optical communication protocol can be configured by the network management system, or it can be an optical communication protocol that only the ONU and OLT support, or it can be an optical communication protocol required by the application scenario.

[0137] Referring to Figure 13, it is a schematic flowchart of the optical communication processing method provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0138] S1301, the OLT is determined to be in the first operating mode out of N1 operating modes. The explanation of the N1 operating modes has been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0139] S1302, the OLT sends a first data frame stream to the first ONU according to the first working mode and the first frame period. The first data frame stream carries the first downlink data.

[0140] Furthermore, the first ONU executes the following S1303-S1305.

[0141] S1303, the first ONU receives a first data frame stream from the OLT. Further, the first ONU detects the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream uses a first frame period; the first frame period corresponds to the first operating mode among the N1 operating modes. For example, a traversal approach can be used, see S1304.

[0142] S1304, the first ONU traverses the frame period of N1 working modes to detect the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream in order to perform frame synchronization operation. When traversing to the first frame period of the first working mode in N1 working modes, frame synchronization is completed.

[0143] Specifically, the first ONU traverses the frame periods of N1 working modes, and detects the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream by traversing the frame period of the i-th working mode. When frame synchronization is completed, the frame period of the first data frame stream is determined to be the frame period of the i-th working mode, and the traversal stops; or, when frame synchronization is not completed, the frame period corresponding to the (i+1)-th working mode continues to be traversed, where i is a positive integer less than N1.

[0144] The specific traversal method is as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0145] S1305, the first ONU operates in the first working mode to process the first data frame stream.

[0146] For example, OLT and ONU can also support multiple optical communication protocols.

[0147] Referring to Figure 14, this is a schematic flowchart of an optical communication processing method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 14 uses the OLT and ONU supporting a first optical communication protocol and a second optical communication protocol as an example.

[0148] S1401, the OLT determines that it is in the first working mode among the N1 working modes under the first optical communication protocol. The explanation of the N1 working modes has been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0149] S1402, the OLT sends a first data frame stream to the first ONU according to the first working mode and the first frame period. The first data frame stream carries the first downlink data.

[0150] Furthermore, the first ONU executes the following steps S1403-S1405.

[0151] S1403, the first ONU receives the first data frame stream from the OLT. Further, the first ONU detects the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream uses a first frame period; the first frame period corresponds to the first operating mode among the N1 operating modes. For example, a traversal approach can be used, see S1404.

[0152] S1404, the first ONU traverses the frame period of each working mode under the first communication protocol and the second communication protocol to detect the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream in order to perform frame synchronization operation. When traversing to the first frame period of the first working mode among the N1 working modes, frame synchronization is completed.

[0153] The specific traversal method is as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0154] S1405, the first ONU operates in the first working mode and processes the first data frame stream.

[0155] The relevant descriptions of each step performed by the OLT and ONU can be found above, and will not be repeated here.

[0156] This application provides a passive optical network system (PON) including an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical distribution network (ODN), and at least one optical network unit (ONU). The ONU supports at least one optical communication protocol. The OLT is connected to the at least one ONU through the ODN. The OLT can be either an optical head unit or an OLT as described above, and the ONU can be either an optical terminal unit or an ONU as described above.

[0157] Those skilled in the art will understand that various aspects of this application, or possible implementations thereof, can be embodied as systems, methods, or computer program products. Therefore, various aspects of this application, or possible implementations thereof, can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments (including firmware, resident software, etc.), or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects, all collectively referred to herein as "circuit," "module," or "system." Furthermore, various aspects of this application, or possible implementations thereof, can take the form of computer program products, which are computer-readable program codes stored on a computer-readable medium.

[0158] Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or apparatuses, or any suitable combination thereof, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, and portable read-only memory (CD-ROM).

[0159] A processor in a computer reads computer-readable program code stored in a computer-readable medium, enabling the processor to perform the functional actions specified in each step or combination of steps in a flowchart; and to generate means for implementing the functional actions specified in each block or combination of blocks in a flowchart.

[0160] Computer-readable program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a separate software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated by the steps in the flowchart or the blocks in the block diagram may not occur in the order shown in the diagram. For example, depending on the functions involved, two consecutive steps or blocks may actually be executed approximately simultaneously, or these blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order.

[0161] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0162] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An optical communication device, characterized by, Applied to the optical head end, the device includes a first control module and an optical module; The first control module is used to determine the first working mode among N1 working modes, where N1 is an integer greater than 1; the data frames used in the N1 working modes have the same frame length but different frame periods. The frame period of the data frame in the first working mode is the first frame period; The first control module is further configured to control the optical module to send a first data frame stream to the first optical terminal using the first frame period according to the first working mode, wherein the first data frame stream carries first downlink data.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first control module is further configured to control the optical module to receive a second data frame stream from the first optical terminal using the first frame period, according to the first working mode, wherein the second data frame stream carries the first uplink data.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The device further includes a second control module. The first control module adopts a first optical communication protocol, and the second control module adopts a second optical communication protocol. The second control module supports operating in N2 working modes, where N2 is an integer greater than 1. The frame length of the data frame used under the first optical communication protocol is different from the frame length of the data frame used under the second optical communication protocol.

4. The apparatus as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are each one of the following optical communication protocols: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Symmetric Passive Optical Network (XGS-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, and 50 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (50-PON) protocol; the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are two different protocols.

5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein, It also includes the processor; The processor is configured to operate the first control module in the first of N1 operating modes.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The processor is further configured to configure the second control module to be in a second working mode among N2 working modes; the frame period of the data frame in the second working mode is the second frame period; The second control module is used to control the optical module to send a third data frame stream to the second optical terminal according to the second working mode, using the second frame period, wherein the third data frame stream carries the second downlink data.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, The second control module is further configured to control the optical module to receive a fourth data frame from the second optical terminal using the second frame period, according to the second working mode, wherein the fourth data frame carries second uplink data.

8. The device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The frame periods of the data frames used in the N1 working modes satisfy an integer multiple relationship.

9. The device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The first frame period is 100us, 125us, 80us, 62.5us, 250us, 320us, 400us or 500us.

10. An optical communication device, comprising: Applied to optical terminals, the device includes a control module and an optical module. The control module supports operation in N1 working modes. In the N1 working modes, the data frames used have the same frame length but different frame periods. The optical module is used to receive optical signals from the optical head end, and the optical signals carry a first data frame stream; The control module is used to detect the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream adopts a first frame period; The first frame period corresponds to the first working mode among the N1 working modes; The control module is also used to process the first data frame stream while operating in the first working mode.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein, The control module is specifically used to traverse the frame periods of the N1 working modes: The physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream is detected according to the frame period corresponding to the i-th working mode of the traversal, so as to perform frame synchronization operation; When frame synchronization is completed, the frame period of the first data frame stream is determined to be the frame period of the i-th working mode, and the traversal is stopped; or, when frame synchronization is not completed, the frame period corresponding to the (i+1)-th working mode is traversed, where i is a positive integer less than N1.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein, The control module supports operating in N1 working modes of the first optical communication protocol, and the control module also supports operating in N2 working modes of the second optical communication protocol. The frame length of the data frame used in the first optical communication protocol is different from the frame length of the data frame used in the second optical communication protocol.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein, The first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are each one of the following optical communication protocols: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Symmetric Passive Optical Network (XGS-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, and 50 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (50-PON) protocol; the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are two different protocols.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein, The control module is specifically used for: It operates under the first optical communication protocol to traverse the frame periods of the N1 operating modes of the first optical communication protocol. If frame synchronization is not completed after traversing the frame periods of N1 working modes of the first optical communication protocol, the system switches to working under the second optical communication protocol to continue traversing the frame periods of N2 working modes of the second optical communication protocol in order to determine the frame period used by the first data frame stream.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 10-14, wherein, The control module is also used for: The control module is also used to send a second data frame stream to the optical head when operating in the first working mode.

16. An optical communication system, characterized by It includes the optical communication device as described in any one of claims 1-9, and the optical communication device as described in any one of claims 10-15.

17. A method of processing optical communications, characterized by, Applied to the optical head end, the method includes: In the first working mode among N1 working modes, where N1 is an integer greater than 1; the data frames used in the N1 working modes have the same frame length but different frame periods. The frame period of the data frame in the first working mode is the first frame period; According to the first working mode, the first data frame stream is sent to the first optical terminal using the first frame period, and the first data frame stream carries the first downlink data.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, The method further includes: According to the first working mode, the second data frame stream from the first optical terminal is received using the first frame period, and the second data frame stream carries the first uplink data.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein, The optical head supports a first optical communication protocol and a second optical communication protocol. The first optical communication protocol includes N1 working modes, and the second optical communication protocol includes N2 working modes, where N2 is an integer greater than 1. The frame length of the data frame used under the first optical communication protocol is different from that used under the second optical communication protocol.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are each one of the following optical communication protocols: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Symmetric Passive Optical Network (XGS-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, and 50 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (50-PON) protocol; the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are two different protocols.

21. The method of any one of claims 17-20, wherein, The frame periods of the data frames used in the N1 working modes satisfy an integer multiple relationship.

22. The method of any one of claims 17-20, wherein, The first frame period is 100us, 125us, 80us, 62.5us, 250us, 320us, 400us or 500us.

23. A method of processing optical communications, characterized by, The method is applied to an optical terminal that supports operation in N1 working modes; the data frames used in the N1 working modes have the same frame length but different frame periods; the method includes: Receive the first data frame stream from the optical head end; The physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream is detected to determine that the first data frame stream adopts a first frame period; the first frame period corresponds to the first working mode among the N1 working modes; The system processes the first data frame stream in the first operating mode.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, Detecting the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream uses a first frame period includes: The frame periods of the N1 working modes are traversed: The physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream is detected according to the frame period corresponding to the i-th working mode of the traversal, so as to perform frame synchronization operation; When frame synchronization is completed, the frame period of the first data frame stream is determined to be the frame period of the i-th working mode, and the traversal is stopped; or, when frame synchronization is not completed, the frame period corresponding to the (i+1)-th working mode is traversed, where i is a positive integer less than N1.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein, The optical head also supports operating in N2 working modes of the second optical communication protocol. The frame length of the data frame used under the first optical communication protocol is different from that used under the second optical communication protocol.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein, The first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are each one of the following optical communication protocols: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Symmetric Passive Optical Network (XGS-PON) protocol, 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) protocol, and 50 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (50-PON) protocol; the first optical communication protocol and the second optical communication protocol are two different protocols.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein, Detecting the physical layer synchronization information of the first data frame stream to determine that the first data frame stream uses a first frame period includes: It operates under the first optical communication protocol to traverse the frame periods of the N1 operating modes of the first optical communication protocol. If frame synchronization is not completed after traversing the frame periods of N1 working modes of the first optical communication protocol, the system switches to working under the second optical communication protocol to continue traversing the frame periods of N2 working modes of the second optical communication protocol in order to determine the frame period used by the first data frame stream.

28. The method of any one of claims 23-26, wherein, Also includes: The device operates in the first working mode and sends a second data frame stream to the optical head.

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