Communication system, electronic and electrical system, and electronic and electrical device

Abstract

An electronic and electrical device, comprising a communication system or an electronic and electrical system, wherein the electronic and electrical system comprises the communication system. The communication system comprises a primary domain controller, at least one optical splitter, and at least one secondary domain controller. The primary domain controller is configured to transmit a downlink optical signal or receive an uplink optical signal. A common end of the optical splitter is connected to the primary domain controller, and the optical splitter is configured to split the downlink optical signal into a plurality of downlink split optical signals or combine a plurality of uplink split optical signals into the uplink optical signal. The at least one secondary domain controller is connected to a branch end of the at least one optical splitter and at least one secondary domain optical communication device, and is configured to implement optical communication between the primary domain controller and the at least one secondary domain optical communication device in an active or passive aggregation mode.

Description

Communication systems, electronic and electrical systems and electronic and electrical equipment

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202510201343.2, filed on February 21, 2025, with the China National Intellectual Property Administration and entitled “Communication System, Electrical and Electronic System and Electrical and Electronic Equipment”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication system, an electronic and electrical system, and electronic and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0004] Existing Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are primarily used for bidirectional communication between equipment rooms and homes. However, with the continuous increase in communication speeds and data processing demands, existing PON networks struggle to meet the requirements of efficient optical communication transmission when faced with complex multi-node communication needs (such as vehicular communication). Furthermore, existing communication network architectures cannot effectively achieve data aggregation and transmission when communicating between multiple control systems and terminal devices, often requiring a large number of cables and connectors. This not only increases the weight and complexity of the system but also leads to higher costs and maintenance burdens.

[0005] Public content

[0006] This disclosure aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of this disclosure is to provide a communication system that realizes point-to-multipoint cascaded optical network communication, ensuring high-speed and low-latency data transmission between the master domain controller, slave domain controllers, and slave domain optical communication devices. Furthermore, active or passive aggregation modes effectively realize the aggregation and transmission of communication data, reducing the number and weight of cables and connectors, thereby lowering costs.

[0007] The second objective of this disclosure is to provide an electronic and electrical system.

[0008] The third objective of this disclosure is to provide an electronic and electrical device.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, a communication system according to a first aspect of this disclosure includes: a master domain controller for transmitting downlink optical signals or receiving uplink optical signals; at least one first optical splitter, the common end of which is connected to the master domain controller via an optical fiber, for splitting the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals or converging multiple uplink optical signals into the uplink optical signal; and at least one slave domain controller, which is connected to a branch end of the at least one first optical splitter and at least one slave domain optical communication device via an optical fiber, wherein the slave domain controller is used to realize optical communication between the master domain controller and the at least one slave domain optical communication device through an active convergence mode or a passive convergence mode.

[0010] According to the communication system of this disclosure, the master domain controller sends a downlink optical signal to at least one first optical splitter. The at least one first optical splitter splits the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split signals, which are then transmitted via optical fiber to at least one slave domain controller. The at least one slave domain controller can achieve optical communication between the master domain controller and at least one slave domain optical communication device through active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode. This design embodies a three-level cascaded structure of master domain controller, slave domain controller, and slave domain optical communication device. By adding new optical splitters and slave domain controllers, the system of this disclosure can also realize point-to-multipoint multi-level cascaded optical network communication, ensuring high-speed, low-latency data transmission between the master domain controller, slave domain controller, and slave domain optical communication device. Furthermore, by using active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode, the communication data of all slave domain optical communication devices can be aggregated and transmitted via optical fiber, and finally the data is uniformly transmitted to the master domain controller for processing and management. This data aggregation and transmission method simplifies the communication network architecture, reduces the number of cables and connectors and the weight of the communication system, thereby effectively reducing costs.

[0011] In some embodiments, the slave domain controller includes: a slave control unit, which processes downlink split signals or uplink split signals; a master optical network unit, a first end of which is connected to a branch end of the first optical splitter via an optical fiber, a second end of which is electrically connected to the slave control unit, the master optical network unit being used to convert the downlink split signal into the downlink split signal or the uplink split signal processed by the slave control unit into the uplink split signal; and a slave optical line terminal, a first end of which is electrically connected to the slave control unit, the slave optical line terminal being used to convert the downlink split signal processed by the slave control unit into the downlink split signal or the uplink split signal fed back by the slave domain optical communication device into the uplink split signal.

[0012] In some embodiments, the communication system further includes: at least one second optical splitter, the common end of the second optical splitter being connected to the second end of the slave optical line terminal, and multiple branch ends of the second optical splitter being correspondingly connected to multiple slave domain optical communication devices, for splitting the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals to be sent to multiple slave domain optical communication devices or for converging multiple uplink optical signals from multiple slave domain optical communication devices into one uplink optical signal.

[0013] In some embodiments, the slave domain controller includes: a third optical splitter, the common end of which is connected to the branch end of the first optical splitter via an optical fiber, and the branch end of which is correspondingly connected to the at least one slave domain optical communication device, for splitting the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals to be sent to multiple slave domain optical communication devices or for converging multiple uplink optical signals from multiple slave domain optical communication devices into a single uplink optical signal.

[0014] In some embodiments, the slave domain controller further includes: a slave control unit, which is configured to receive downlink control commands from the master domain controller or send downlink control commands to the slave domain optical communication device; and a slave optical network unit, wherein a first end of the slave optical network unit is connected to a branch end of the third optical splitter, and a second end of the slave optical network unit is connected to the slave control unit, for realizing the conversion of optical signals and electrical signals between the third optical splitter and the slave control unit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the slave domain controller further includes: a slave optical line terminal, a first end of which is connected to the slave control unit, a second end of which is connected to a branch end of the third optical splitter, and the slave optical line terminal is used to convert downlink control commands sent by the slave control unit for the slave domain optical communication device into optical signals.

[0016] In some embodiments, the master domain controller and the slave domain controller communicate with the slave domain optical communication device using time-division multiplexing.

[0017] In some embodiments, the wavelength of the downlink optical signal sent by the master domain controller is different from the wavelength of the optical signal sent by the slave domain controller as a downlink control command for the slave domain optical communication device.

[0018] In some embodiments, the main optical network unit includes: a first photoelectric conversion unit, which is connected to a branch end of the first beam splitter and the slave control unit, for converting the downlink beam splitting signal into the downlink splitting electrical signal or converting the uplink splitting electrical signal processed by the slave control unit into the uplink beam splitting signal.

[0019] In some embodiments, the main optical network unit further includes: a first control chip, the first control chip being electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion unit, the first control chip being adapted to be electrically connected to at least one slave domain electrical communication device, the first control chip being used to send the downlink split signal transmitted by the first photoelectric conversion unit to the at least one slave domain electrical communication device.

[0020] In some embodiments, the slave control unit is further adapted to be electrically connected to at least one slave domain electrical communication device, and the slave control unit is further configured to send the control electrical signal of the slave domain controller to the at least one slave domain electrical communication device or the downlink electrical signal transmitted by the first photoelectric conversion unit to the at least one slave domain electrical communication device.

[0021] In some embodiments, the optical line terminal includes a second photoelectric conversion unit, which is electrically connected to the slave control unit and is used to convert the downlink split signal processed by the slave control unit into the downlink split signal or to convert the uplink split signal fed back by the slave domain optical communication device into the uplink split signal.

[0022] In some embodiments, the optical line terminal further includes: a second control chip, the second control chip being connected to the second photoelectric conversion unit and the second control chip being connected to the slave control unit through the second photoelectric conversion unit, the second control chip being further adapted to be electrically connected to at least one slave domain electrical communication device, the second control chip being used to send the control electrical signal of the slave domain controller for the at least one slave domain electrical communication device or the downlink splitting signal corresponding to the downlink splitting signal sent by the master domain controller to the at least one slave domain electrical communication device.

[0023] In some embodiments, the communication system includes a plurality of the first optical splitters, which are cascaded together.

[0024] In some embodiments, the first optical splitter among the cascaded plurality of first optical splitters connected to the primary domain controller is also adapted to be optically connected to at least one primary domain optical communication device.

[0025] In some embodiments, the primary domain controller includes: a primary control unit for transmitting downlink electrical signals or receiving uplink electrical signals; and a primary optical line terminal, wherein the primary optical line terminal is connected to the primary control unit and the at least one first optical splitter via optical fibers, and the primary optical line terminal is used to convert the downlink electrical signals into downlink optical signals or the uplink optical signals into uplink electrical signals.

[0026] In some embodiments, the main control unit is also adapted to be electrically connected to at least one primary domain electrical communication device for transmitting the downlink electrical signal to the at least one primary domain electrical communication device.

[0027] To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure provides a second aspect of an electronic and electrical system, which includes the communication system described in the above embodiments.

[0028] According to the electronic and electrical system of this disclosure, by employing the communication system described in the above embodiments, the master domain controller sends the downlink optical signal to at least one first optical splitter. The at least one first optical splitter divides the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split optical signals, which are then transmitted via optical fiber to at least one slave domain controller. The at least one slave domain controller can realize optical communication between the master domain controller and at least one slave domain optical communication device through active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode. This design embodies a three-level cascaded structure of master domain controller, slave domain controller, and slave domain optical communication device. By adding new optical splitters and slave domain controllers, the system of this disclosure can also realize point-to-multipoint multi-level cascaded optical network communication, ensuring high-speed, low-latency data transmission between the master domain controller, slave domain controller, and slave domain optical communication device. Furthermore, by using active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode, the communication data of all slave domain optical communication devices can be aggregated and transmitted via optical fiber, and finally the data is uniformly transmitted to the master domain controller for processing and management. This data aggregation and transmission method simplifies the communication network architecture, reduces the number of cables and connectors and the weight of the communication system, thereby effectively reducing costs.

[0029] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical system further includes at least one slave domain optical communication device, the slave domain optical communication device including: a first optical network unit, the first optical network unit being connected via an optical fiber to a branch end of a second optical splitter in the communication system or a branch end of a third optical splitter in the communication system, the first optical network unit being used to convert a downlink split signal into a downlink split electrical signal or an uplink split electrical signal into an uplink split signal.

[0030] In some embodiments, the slave optical communication device further includes: at least one first device terminal, the first device terminal being electrically connected to the first optical network unit, the first device terminal being configured to perform an action or feed back the uplink splitting signal according to the electrical signal corresponding to the downlink splitting signal.

[0031] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical system further includes at least one slave domain optical communication device, the slave domain optical communication device including: a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) element, the WDM element being connected to a branch end of a third optical splitter in the communication system via an optical fiber, the WDM element being used to separate the downlink optical signal sent by the master domain controller and the optical signal of the downlink control command for the slave domain optical communication device sent by the slave domain controller.

[0032] In some embodiments, the slave domain optical communication device further includes: a second optical network unit, which is connected to the wavelength division multiplexing element via an optical fiber, and is used to convert downlink optical signals sent by the master domain controller into downlink electrical signals or uplink electrical signals into optical signals.

[0033] In some embodiments, the slave domain optical communication device further includes: a third optical network unit, which is connected to the wavelength division multiplexing element via an optical fiber, and is used to convert the optical signal of the downlink control command sent by the slave domain controller to the slave domain optical communication device into an electrical signal or to convert the uplink electrical signal into an optical signal.

[0034] In some embodiments, the slave domain optical communication device further includes: at least one second device terminal, the second device terminal being electrically connected to the second optical network unit and the third optical network unit, the second device terminal being configured to perform an action according to the electrical signal corresponding to the downlink electrical signal or the optical signal of the downlink control command, or the second device terminal being configured to feed back the uplink distribution electrical signal.

[0035] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical system further includes at least one slave domain electrical communication device, which is electrically connected to a slave domain controller in the communication system.

[0036] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical system further includes at least one primary domain electrical communication device, which is electrically connected to the primary domain controller in the communication system.

[0037] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of this disclosure provides an electronic and electrical device. The electronic and electrical device includes the aforementioned communication system (1), or the electronic and electrical device includes the aforementioned electronic and electrical system.

[0038] According to the electronic and electrical system of this disclosure, by employing the communication system or electronic and electrical system of the above embodiments, the master domain controller sends the downlink optical signal to at least one first optical splitter. The at least one first optical splitter divides the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split optical signals, which are then transmitted via optical fiber to at least one slave domain controller. The at least one slave domain controller can realize optical communication between the master domain controller and at least one slave domain optical communication device through active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode. This design embodies a three-level cascaded structure of master domain controller, slave domain controller, and slave domain optical communication device. By adding new optical splitters and slave domain controllers, the system of this disclosure can also realize point-to-multipoint multi-level cascaded optical network communication, ensuring high-speed, low-latency data transmission between the master domain controller, slave domain controller, and slave domain optical communication device. Furthermore, by using active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode, the communication data of all slave domain optical communication devices can be aggregated and transmitted via optical fiber, and finally the data is uniformly transmitted to the master domain controller for processing and management. This data aggregation and transmission method simplifies the communication network architecture, reduces the number of cables and connectors and the weight of the communication system, thereby effectively reducing costs.

[0039] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical equipment includes a vehicle.

[0040] Additional aspects and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of optical communication transmission performed by a domain controller in an active aggregation mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of optical communication transmission performed by a domain controller in a passive aggregation mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of optical communication transmission performed by a domain controller in a passive convergence mode according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of electrical communication transmission performed by a domain controller in an active aggregation mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of electrical communication transmission between a main control unit and a main domain electrical communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an electronic and electrical system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 8 is a block diagram of a domain optical communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of wavelength division multiplexing performed by a wavelength division element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of signal transmission in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 11 is a block diagram of an electronic and electrical device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 12 is a block diagram of an electronic or electrical device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 13 is a block diagram of an electronic and electrical system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] Reference numerals: Electronic and electrical system 100; Electronic and electrical equipment 200; Communication system 1; Slave domain optical communication equipment 2; Master domain electrical communication equipment 3; Slave domain electrical communication equipment 4; Master domain optical communication equipment 5; Vehicle 6; Master domain controller 10; First optical splitter 20; Slave domain controller 30; Second optical splitter 40; Master control unit 11; Master optical line terminal 12; First optical network unit 21; First device terminal 22; Wavelength division multiplexing element 23; Second optical network unit 24; Third optical network unit 25; Second device terminal 26; Slave control unit 31; Master optical network unit 32; Slave optical line terminal 33; Third optical splitter 34; Slave optical network unit 35; First photoelectric conversion unit 321; First control chip 322; Second photoelectric conversion unit 331; Second control chip 332. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below, and the embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary disclosures.

[0057] The communication system 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described below with reference to FIG1.

[0058] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 1 includes: a master domain controller 10, at least one first optical splitter 20, and at least one slave domain controller 30.

[0059] In some embodiments, the master domain controller 10 may be the core control unit in the communication system 1. It is responsible for the signal transmission management, system coordination, and data flow distribution of the entire network, and is the superior controller of all slave domain controllers 30 and slave domain optical communication devices 2. That is, the master domain controller 10 can directly or indirectly control and manage all slave domain controllers 30 and slave domain optical communication devices 2.

[0060] In some embodiments, the master domain controller 10 can be used to send downlink optical signals or receive uplink optical signals. Downlink optical signals can refer to signals sent by the master domain controller 10 to other devices, such as control information, data packets, etc.; uplink optical signals can refer to signals returned from other devices, including feedback information, sensor data, user requests, etc.

[0061] In some embodiments, the first optical splitter 20 is an important passive optical device in the communication system 1, capable of splitting a single optical signal into multiple optical signals for transmission, or converging multiple optical signals into a single optical signal.

[0062] In some embodiments, the common end of the first optical splitter 20 is connected to the main domain controller 10 via an optical fiber, and is used to split the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals or to converge multiple uplink optical signals into a single uplink optical signal.

[0063] Specifically, the downlink optical signal sent by the master domain controller 10 can be split by the first optical splitter 20 and distributed to multiple slave domain controllers 30 or multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2. The uplink split optical signals from the multiple slave domain controllers 30 or multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 are converged and then combined into a single uplink optical signal by the first optical splitter 20 before being transmitted back to the master domain controller 10.

[0064] In some embodiments, at least one first beam splitter 20 may be one first beam splitter 20, two first beam splitters 20, five first beam splitters 20, ten first beam splitters 20, or other numbers of first beam splitters 20. The specific number of first beam splitters 20 can be set according to the actual needs of the system, and is not specifically limited here.

[0065] In some embodiments, the slave domain controller 30 is a control unit located downstream of the master domain controller 10, responsible for managing the slave domain optical communication devices 2 in its own area, and responding to signals from the master domain controller 10 to perform corresponding operations.

[0066] In some embodiments, at least one slave domain controller 30 may be one slave domain controller 30, two slave domain controllers 30, five slave domain controllers 30, ten slave domain controllers 30, or other numbers of slave domain controllers 30. The specific number of slave domain controllers 30 can be set according to the actual needs of the system, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0067] In some embodiments, at least one slave domain controller 30 is connected to at least one branch of at least one first optical splitter 20 and at least one slave domain optical communication device 2 via optical fiber. The slave domain controller 30 is used to realize optical communication between the master domain controller 10 and at least one slave domain optical communication device 2 through active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode.

[0068] In some embodiments, active aggregation mode can refer to a mode in which the domain controller 30 relies on internal active electronic devices to aggregate, calculate, and perform gain processing on received optical signals. Aggregation refers to the active electronic devices of the domain controller 30 first aggregating data from multiple slave optical communication devices 2. That is, signals generated by multiple slave optical communication devices 2 are concentrated at the active electronic devices after passing through a splitter, where the active electronic devices integrate this data. Calculation refers to the fact that the data transmitted by the slave optical communication devices 2 may require some preprocessing or calculation (e.g., data fusion, filtering, and correction). Gain processing refers to the fact that since some signals may weaken due to distance or signal attenuation, the active electronic devices can also perform gain processing on the data (e.g., amplify or enhance the signal) to ensure signal quality and effectiveness.

[0069] Specifically, a splitter is installed inside the domain controller 30 to connect multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2. These devices 2 send uplink splitting signals to the splitter inside the domain controller 30. The splitter then transmits the uplink splitting signals to active electronic devices for aggregation, calculation, and gain processing. Finally, the signals are sent back to the master domain controller 10 via the splitter. This means that in active aggregation mode, data is processed and enhanced before being transmitted to the master domain controller 10, which can improve communication quality or enable more complex functions.

[0070] In some embodiments, passive aggregation mode can refer to a mode in which optical signals are transmitted directly within the system without the need for additional active electronic devices for data processing. Specifically, a splitter is installed inside the domain controller 30 to connect multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2. The multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 send uplink splitting signals, which are transmitted to the splitter inside the slave domain controller 30. This splitter can then aggregate the uplink splitting signals and transmit them to a first splitter 20. The first splitter 20 can then aggregate the multiple uplink splitting signals into an uplink optical signal for transmission to the master domain controller 10. Furthermore, in passive aggregation mode, while the data from the slave domain optical communication devices 2 is transmitted to the master domain controller 10 via optical signals, it can also be determined whether to synchronously send the data to its respective slave domain controller 30 as needed.

[0071] In some embodiments, the master domain controller 10 can be connected to multiple slave domain controllers 30 via a first optical splitter 20, and the number of connections between the slave domain controllers 30 and the slave domain optical communication devices 2 can be increased by adding optical splitters. Slave domain controllers 30 are connected to slave domain optical communication devices 2 via optical splitters, and the number of connections to slave domain optical communication devices 2 can also be increased by adding optical splitters. In this way, the system can be expanded into a point-to-multipoint cascaded optical network communication as needed, ensuring high-speed and low-latency data transmission between the master domain controller 10, slave domain controllers 30, and slave domain optical communication devices 2.

[0072] According to the communication system 1 of this disclosure, the master domain controller 10 sends a downlink optical signal to at least one first optical splitter 20. The at least one first optical splitter 20 splits the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split signals, which are then transmitted via optical fiber to at least one slave domain controller 30. The at least one slave domain controller 30 can realize optical communication between the master domain controller 10 and at least one slave domain optical communication device 2 through active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode. This design embodies a three-level cascaded structure of master domain controller 10, slave domain controller 30, and slave domain optical communication device 2. By adding new optical splitters and slave domain controllers 30, the system of this disclosure can also realize point-to-multipoint multi-level cascaded optical network communication, ensuring high-speed and low-latency data transmission between master domain controller 10, slave domain controller 30, and slave domain optical communication device 2. Furthermore, by using active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode, the communication data of all slave domain optical communication devices 2 can be aggregated and transmitted via optical fiber, and finally the data is uniformly transmitted to master domain controller 10 for processing and management. This data aggregation and transmission method simplifies the communication network architecture, reduces the number of cables and connectors and the weight of communication system 1, thereby effectively reducing costs.

[0073] In some embodiments, for active convergence mode, as shown in FIG2, the slave domain controller 30 includes a slave control unit 31, a master optical network unit 32, and a slave optical line terminal 33.

[0074] Among them, the control unit 31 is the core component of the domain controller 30, which is mainly responsible for processing the conversion between optical signals and electrical signals. Its function is to process the received downlink or uplink split optical signals.

[0075] In some embodiments, the control unit 31 may be a microcontroller unit (MCU), also known as a single-chip microcomputer or microcontroller. An MCU is a highly integrated embedded computing device that appropriately reduces the frequency and specifications of a central processing unit (CPU) and integrates peripheral interfaces such as memory, timer, USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface, A / D (analog-to-digital) conversion, Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Direct Memory Access (DMA), and LCD driver circuitry onto a single chip, forming a chip-level computer. This allows for different combinations of control for various applications, such as mobile phones, PC peripherals, remote controls, automotive electronics, stepper motors in industry, and robotic arm control. In addition, the MCU has real-time response capability, enabling it to quickly react and execute preset programs to control hardware devices to complete various tasks, such as data processing, signal conversion, and control functions.

[0076] In some embodiments, the main optical network unit (ONU) 32 is an important device from the domain controller 30 responsible for photoelectric conversion and protocol conversion. The ONU 32 internally includes a photoelectric conversion module and a protocol conversion module, possessing photoelectric conversion and communication protocol conversion functions. Simultaneously, the ONU 32 contains a microprocessor for performing some data processing and computation tasks.

[0077] In some embodiments, the first end of the main optical network unit 32 is connected to the branch end of the first optical splitter 20 via an optical fiber, and the second end of the main optical network unit 32 is electrically connected to the slave control unit 31. The main optical network unit 32 is used to convert the downlink split signal into a downlink split electrical signal or to convert the uplink split electrical signal processed by the slave control unit 31 into an uplink split signal.

[0078] In some embodiments, the optical line terminal (OLT) 33 is also an important device in the domain controller 30 responsible for photoelectric conversion and protocol conversion. The main optical network unit 32 internally includes a photoelectric conversion module and a protocol conversion module, possessing photoelectric conversion and communication protocol conversion functions; simultaneously, the main optical network unit 32 contains a microprocessor capable of performing some data processing and calculation functions. Furthermore, the OLT can also perform functions such as controlling, managing, and ranging ONUs.

[0079] In some embodiments, the first end of the optical line terminal 33 is electrically connected to the control unit 31, and the optical line terminal 33 is used to convert the downlink splitting signal processed by the control unit 31 into a downlink splitting signal or to convert the uplink splitting signal fed back from the domain optical communication device 2 into an uplink splitting signal.

[0080] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the communication system 1 further includes at least one second optical splitter 40. The common end of the second optical splitter 40 is connected to the second end of the slave optical line terminal 33, and the multiple branch ends of the second optical splitter 40 are correspondingly connected to multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2, for splitting the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals to be sent to the multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2, or for converging the multiple uplink optical signals of the multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 into a single uplink optical signal.

[0081] Specifically, for downlink optical communication, the master domain controller 10 sends a downlink optical signal to the first optical splitter 20 via optical fiber. The first optical splitter 20 splits the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split signals and sends them to the corresponding slave domain controllers 30. The slave domain controllers 30 convert the downlink split signals into downlink split electrical signals via the master optical network unit 32 and transmit them to the slave control unit 31. The slave control unit 31 processes the downlink split electrical signals (such as summarizing, calculating, and gain processing) to ensure that the signal meets the requirements of the slave domain optical communication devices 2. The slave control unit 31 transmits the processed downlink split electrical signals to the slave optical line terminal 33. The slave optical line terminal 33 converts the downlink split electrical signals processed by the control unit 31 into downlink split signals and transmits them to the second optical splitter 40. The second optical splitter 40 splits the downlink split signals into multiple downlink split signals to send to the corresponding multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2.

[0082] For uplink optical communication, multiple slave optical communication devices 2 send multiple uplink split signals to a second optical splitter 40. The second optical splitter 40 combines the multiple uplink split signals into a single uplink split signal and transmits the combined uplink split signal to a slave optical line terminal 33. Then, the slave optical line terminal 33 converts the uplink split signal fed back from the slave optical communication devices 2 into an uplink split electrical signal and transmits it to a slave control unit 31. The slave control unit 31 processes the uplink split electrical signal and sends the processed uplink split electrical signal to the master optical network unit 32. The master optical network unit 32 can convert the uplink split electrical signal processed by the slave control unit 31 into an uplink split signal and send it to a first optical splitter 20. The first optical splitter 20 combines the multiple uplink split signals into an uplink optical signal and transmits it back to the master domain controller 10, completing the uplink communication.

[0083] In some embodiments, at least one second beam splitter 40 may be one second beam splitter 40, two second beam splitters 40, five second beam splitters 40, ten second beam splitters 40, or other numbers of second beam splitters 40. The specific number of second beam splitters 40 can be set according to the actual needs of the system, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0084] For example, as shown in Figure 2, at least one second optical splitter 40 is considered as one second optical splitter 40, and one second optical splitter 40 can connect to multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2. If it is necessary to expand the connection to more slave domain optical communication devices 2, multiple second optical splitters 40 can be used. As shown in Figure 1, multiple second optical splitters 40 can be cascaded, that is, an additional second optical splitter 40 can be connected to the branch end of the second optical splitter 40, thereby significantly increasing the number of slave domain optical communication devices 2 that can be connected.

[0085] Therefore, by introducing the second optical splitter 40, the system provides high flexibility and scalability in signal transmission. By distributing the downlink split signal to multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2, the second optical splitter 40 enables the communication system 1 to support the simultaneous access of more slave domain optical communication devices 2. Simultaneously, converging multiple uplink split signals simplifies the transmission path of the uplink split signal, avoids the complexity of parallel transmission of multiple uplink split signals, and enhances the communication efficiency and stability of the system.

[0086] In some embodiments, for the passive aggregation mode, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the slave domain controller 30 includes a third optical splitter 34. The common end of the third optical splitter 34 is connected to the branch end of the first optical splitter 20 via an optical fiber. The branch end of the third optical splitter 34 is correspondingly connected to at least one slave domain optical communication device 2, and is used to split the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals to be sent to multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 or to aggregate multiple uplink optical signals from multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 into one uplink optical signal.

[0087] Specifically, for downlink optical communication, the master domain controller 10 sends a downlink optical signal to the first optical splitter 20 via optical fiber. The first optical splitter 20 splits the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split signals and sends them to the corresponding slave domain controller 30. The third optical splitter 34 in the slave domain controller 30 can further split the downlink split signals into multiple downlink split signals to send to the corresponding multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2. Each slave domain optical communication device 2 receives the signal according to its needs and performs corresponding data processing or control tasks.

[0088] For uplink optical communication, multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 send multiple uplink split signals to a third optical splitter 34. The third optical splitter 34 combines the multiple uplink split signals into a single uplink split signal and transmits the combined uplink split signal to a first optical splitter 20. The first optical splitter 20 combines the multiple uplink split signals into a single uplink optical signal and transmits it back to the master domain controller 10. This aggregation method allows the master domain controller 10 to efficiently receive data from multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 without needing to lay separate fiber optic links for each device, reducing the number and weight of cables and connectors, and lowering costs.

[0089] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3, the slave domain controller 30 further includes a slave control unit 31 and a slave optical network unit 35. The slave control unit 31 is used to receive downlink control commands from the master domain controller 10 or to send downlink control commands to the slave domain optical communication device 2. A first end of the slave optical network unit 35 is connected to a branch end of the third optical splitter 34, and a second end of the slave optical network unit 35 is connected to the slave control unit 31, for realizing the conversion of optical signals to electrical signals between the third optical splitter 34 and the slave control unit 31.

[0090] Specifically, taking downlink optical communication as an example, the master domain controller 10 sends a downlink optical signal to the first optical splitter 20 via optical fiber. The first optical splitter 20 splits the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split signals and sends them to the corresponding slave domain controller 30. The third optical splitter 34 in the slave domain controller 30 can further split the downlink split signal into multiple downlink split signals. One downlink split signal (corresponding to the downlink control command optical signal of the slave domain controller 30) can be transmitted to the slave optical network unit 35 in the slave domain controller 30, while the other optical signals can be directly transmitted to the corresponding multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 connected to the slave domain controller 30. After receiving one downlink split signal, the slave optical network unit 35 converts it into an electrical signal as a downlink control command for the master domain controller 10 and transmits it to the slave control unit 31 in the slave domain controller 30 for reception and processing.

[0091] Furthermore, the control unit 31 also sends electrical signals containing downlink control commands for the slave optical communication devices 2 to the slave optical network unit 35. The slave optical network unit 35 converts these commands into downlink split signals and transmits them to the third splitter 34. The third splitter 34 then transmits these signals back to the master domain controller 10 via the first splitter 20, and the master domain controller 10 then sends them to each slave optical communication device 2. This signal link enables high-speed, low-latency optical communication between the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30, and centrally transmits and manages the communication data through a splitting and aggregation mechanism.

[0092] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, to further reduce transmission latency, a slave optical line terminal 33 is also provided in the slave domain controller 30. The slave optical line terminal 33 can be used by the slave domain controller 30 to control the downstream slave domain optical communication devices 2. By adding the slave optical line terminal 33, the downlink control commands sent by the slave control unit 31 to the slave domain optical communication devices 2 do not need to be relayed through the master domain controller 10. The downlink control commands can be directly converted into optical signals by the slave optical line terminal 33 and sent to the common terminal of the third optical splitter 34. Then, the third optical splitter 34 sends the optical signals to multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 to execute the control commands of the slave domain controller 30.

[0093] In some embodiments, the first end of the optical line terminal 33 is connected to the control unit 31, and the second end of the optical line terminal 33 is connected to the branch end of the third optical splitter 34. The optical line terminal 33 is used to convert the downlink control command sent by the control unit 31 to the domain optical communication device 2 into an optical signal.

[0094] In some embodiments, the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30 communicate with the slave domain optical communication device 2 using time-division multiplexing. This means that on the same optical fiber transmission medium, the communication signals of different devices are divided into different time slots, and thus transmitted separately in different time periods. Specifically, the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30 each divide the signals they need to transmit into multiple time slots according to a preset time frame. Each slave domain optical communication device 2 receives or sends data within the specified time slot, avoiding signal conflicts and interference that may occur when multiple devices transmit simultaneously, thereby ensuring high-speed, low-latency, and stable communication.

[0095] Specifically, taking downlink optical communication as an example, as shown in Figure 4, the master domain controller 10 sends a downlink optical signal to the first optical splitter 20 via optical fiber. The first optical splitter 20 splits the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split signals and sends them to the corresponding slave domain controller 30. The third optical splitter 34 in the slave domain controller 30 can further split the downlink split signal into multiple downlink split signals. One downlink split signal (corresponding to the downlink control command optical signal of the slave domain controller 30) can be transmitted to the slave optical network unit 35 in the slave domain controller 30, while the other optical signals can be directly transmitted to the corresponding multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 connected to the slave domain controller 30. After receiving one downlink split signal, the slave optical network unit 35 converts it into an electrical signal as a downlink control command of the master domain controller 10 and transmits it to the slave control unit 31 in the slave domain controller 30 for reception and processing. Therefore, this signal link can realize high-speed optical communication between the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30.

[0096] Furthermore, the slave domain controller 30 communicates with multiple downstream slave domain optical communication devices 2 via the slave optical line terminal 33 by actively requesting from or passively receiving instructions from the master domain controller 10 (at this time, the master domain controller 10 does not send messages). That is, the slave control unit 31 also sends electrical signals containing downlink control commands for the slave domain optical communication devices 2 to the slave optical line terminal 33, which converts these into downlink split signals and sends them to the common terminal of the third optical splitter 34. Then, the third optical splitter 34 divides the downlink split signals into multiple downlink split signals to send to the multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2, enabling the multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 to receive data from both the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30. It should be noted that the multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 cannot simultaneously receive data from both the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30; instead, they communicate with both the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30 using time-division multiplexing.

[0097] In some embodiments, in addition to time-division multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplexing can also be used. That is, the wavelength of the downlink optical signal sent by the master domain controller 10 is different from the wavelength of the optical signal sent by the slave domain controller 30 as downlink control commands to the slave domain optical communication device 2. By using different wavelengths, the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30 can communicate with the slave domain optical communication device 2 simultaneously, i.e., transmit two types of optical signals simultaneously in the same optical fiber without interference. This method not only effectively distinguishes and manages different types of data, but also improves the utilization rate of optical fibers, reduces latency, thereby improving communication efficiency, reducing the risk of signal crosstalk, and ensuring the accuracy and stability of various optical signal transmissions.

[0098] In some embodiments, for optical communication of the slave domain controller 30 in active aggregation mode, as shown in Figures 2 and 5, the master optical network unit 32 includes a first photoelectric conversion unit 321. The first photoelectric conversion unit 321 is connected to the branch end of the first beam splitter 20 and the slave control unit 31, and is used to convert the downlink split signal into a downlink split electrical signal or the uplink split electrical signal processed by the control unit 31 into an uplink split signal.

[0099] Therefore, the first photoelectric conversion unit 321 not only converts the downlink splitting signal into a downlink splitting electrical signal, but also converts the uplink splitting electrical signal processed by the control unit 31 into an uplink splitting signal. This bidirectional conversion capability ensures bidirectional data transmission in the system and enables the entire communication system 1 to flexibly switch and aggregate data between different transmission media.

[0100] In some embodiments, for the active aggregation mode of the slave domain controller 30 electrical communication, as shown in FIG5, the master optical network unit 32 further includes a first control chip 322. The first control chip 322 is electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion unit 321 (the dashed line in FIG5 represents the electrical connection), and the first control chip 322 is also adapted to be electrically connected to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4. The first control chip 322 is used to transmit the downlink distribution signal sent by the master domain controller 10 to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4.

[0101] Specifically, the first photoelectric conversion unit 321 converts the downlink split optical signal transmitted by the first optical splitter 20 into a downlink split electrical signal. The first control chip 322, electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion unit 321, receives the downlink split electrical signal and sends it to the corresponding slave domain electrical communication device 4. In this process, the control chip not only handles simple signal transmission but also performs necessary preprocessing, such as signal strength adjustment, timing management, and protocol conversion, to ensure the signal meets the processing requirements of the slave domain electrical communication device 4. Furthermore, the path transmission of the uplink split optical signal is the reverse of that of the downlink split optical signal, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0102] In some embodiments, besides the main optical network unit 32 directly converting the downlink splitting signal sent by the main domain controller 10 into a downlink splitting electrical signal and sending it to the corresponding slave domain electrical communication device 4, for the electrical communication of the slave domain controller 30 in active aggregation mode, the downlink splitting electrical signal can also be sent to the corresponding slave domain electrical communication device 4 through the slave control unit 31. That is, both the main domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 4 can realize optical communication and electrical communication. As shown in FIG5, the slave control unit 31 is also adapted to be electrically connected to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4, and the slave control unit 31 is also used to send the control electrical signal of the slave domain controller 30 to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4 or the downlink splitting electrical signal transmitted by the first photoelectric conversion unit 321 to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4.

[0103] Specifically, the first photoelectric conversion unit 321 can convert the downlink split optical signal transmitted by the first optical splitter 20 into a downlink split electrical signal, and transmit the downlink split electrical signal to the slave control unit 31. The slave control unit 31 performs necessary processing on the received downlink electrical signal, such as decoding, verification, protocol conversion, and signal enhancement, and then sends the processed downlink split electrical signal to the corresponding slave domain electrical communication device 4. After receiving the downlink split electrical signal, the slave domain electrical communication device 4 executes the task according to the downlink control command of the master domain controller 10. Alternatively, the slave control unit 31 can also directly send the control electrical signals from the slave domain controller 30 to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4. These control electrical signals can contain various commands and data, such as speed control, sensor data, or other operation commands. In addition, the path transmission of the uplink split optical signal is the opposite of that of the downlink split optical signal, which will not be described in detail here.

[0104] In some embodiments, for optical communication of the slave domain controller 30 in active aggregation mode, as shown in Figures 2 and 5, the slave optical line terminal 33 includes a second photoelectric conversion unit 331. The main function of the second photoelectric conversion unit 331 is to convert optical signals to electrical signals. In the photoelectric conversion process, in addition to simple signal conversion, the second photoelectric conversion unit 331 can also be involved in signal amplification and filtering functions to ensure signal quality and improve transmission reliability.

[0105] In some embodiments, the second photoelectric conversion unit 331 is electrically connected to the control unit 31 and is used to convert the downlink splitting signal processed by the control unit 31 into a downlink splitting signal or to convert the uplink splitting signal fed back from the domain optical communication device 2 into an uplink splitting signal.

[0106] In some embodiments, in addition to the master optical network unit 32 and the slave control unit 31, for the electrical communication of the slave domain controller 30 in active aggregation mode, the downlink splitting signal can also be sent to the corresponding slave domain electrical communication device 4 through the slave optical line terminal 33. As shown in FIG5, the slave optical line terminal 33 also includes a second control chip 332, which is connected to the second photoelectric conversion unit 331 and connected to the slave control unit 31 through the second photoelectric conversion unit 331. The second control chip 332 is also adapted to be electrically connected to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4. The second control chip 332 is used to send the control electrical signal of the slave domain controller 30 to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4 or the downlink splitting signal corresponding to the downlink splitting signal sent by the master domain controller 10 to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4.

[0107] Specifically, the first photoelectric conversion unit 321 can convert the downlink splitting signal transmitted by the first optical splitter 20 into a downlink splitting electrical signal, and transmit the downlink splitting electrical signal to the slave control unit 31. The slave control unit 31 performs necessary processing on the received downlink electrical signal, such as decoding, verification, protocol conversion, and signal enhancement, and then sends the processed downlink splitting electrical signal to the second control chip 332. The second control chip 332 can also perform some necessary preprocessing on the signal, such as signal strength adjustment, timing management, and protocol conversion, to ensure that the signal meets the processing requirements of the slave domain electrical communication device 4. Then, the second control chip 332 sends the processed downlink splitting electrical signal to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4. Alternatively, the second control chip 332 can also directly send the control electrical signals from the slave domain controller 30 to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4. These control electrical signals can contain various instructions and data, such as speed control, sensor data, or other operation instructions. In addition, the path transmission of the uplink splitting signal is the opposite of that of the downlink splitting signal, which will not be described in detail here.

[0108] In some embodiments, the electrical communication scheme of the slave domain controller 30 in passive aggregation mode is similar to that in active aggregation mode, and will not be described in detail here.

[0109] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, the communication system 1 includes a plurality of first optical splitters 20, which are cascaded together, i.e., the output of one first optical splitter 20 is used as the input of the next optical splitter. This design can expand the scale and coverage of the system, allowing signals to be transmitted to more terminal devices step by step. Furthermore, the cascaded structure can flexibly route signals according to actual needs. By combining different numbers of optical splitters, the system can adjust the allocation ratio of each splitter to meet the bandwidth and coverage requirements of different applications. In addition, the cascaded configuration of optical splitters typically enhances the robustness of the system. Even if one stage of optical splitter fails, the other stages can still operate normally, ensuring the stable operation of the communication system 1.

[0110] Therefore, the design of cascading multiple first optical splitters 20 can support the access of more domain controllers 30 and domain optical communication devices 2, connect more devices in the same network, and realize a wider range of communication network deployments.

[0111] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, the first optical splitter 20 connected to the main domain controller 10 among the cascaded first optical splitters 20 is also adapted to be optically connected to at least one main domain optical communication device 5.

[0112] The main optical communication device 5 may include a photoelectric conversion unit, a control chip, and a device terminal (sensor or actuator). The photoelectric conversion unit receives the downlink split signal emitted by the first optical splitter 20 and converts it into a downlink split electrical signal. The photoelectric conversion unit then transmits the downlink split electrical signal to the control chip, which performs necessary preprocessing on the signal, such as signal strength adjustment, timing management, and protocol conversion, to ensure the signal meets the processing requirements of the device terminal (sensor or actuator). The control chip then sends the processed downlink split electrical signal to the device terminal. Furthermore, the device terminal (sensor or actuator) can also feed data back to the first optical splitter 20, with the transmission path reversed from that of the downlink split signal; this will not be elaborated further here.

[0113] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2-4, the master domain controller 10 includes a master control unit 11 and a master optical line terminal 12. The master control unit 11 may also be a microcontroller unit (MCU) for transmitting downlink electrical signals or receiving uplink electrical signals.

[0114] In some embodiments, the main optical line terminal 12 is connected to the main control unit 11 and at least one first optical splitter 20 via optical fibers, and the main optical line terminal 12 is used to convert downlink electrical signals into downlink optical signals or uplink optical signals into uplink electrical signals.

[0115] Specifically, the main control unit 11 sends the downlink electrical signal to the main optical line terminal 12. The main optical line terminal 12 converts the downlink electrical signal into a downlink optical signal and transmits it to the first optical splitter 20. The first optical splitter 20 splits the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals, which are then transmitted via optical fiber to the slave domain controller 30 or the main domain optical communication device 5. The slave domain controller 30 or the main domain optical communication device 5 can also transmit the uplink optical signal to the first optical splitter 20. The first optical splitter 20 can converge the multiple uplink optical signals into an uplink optical signal and transmit it back to the main optical line terminal 12. The main optical line terminal 12 converts the uplink optical signal into an uplink electrical signal and feeds it back to the main control unit for further processing and decision-making.

[0116] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6, the main control unit 11 is also adapted to be electrically connected to at least one master domain electronic communication device 3 for transmitting downlink electrical signals to at least one master domain electronic communication device 3. Specifically, the main control unit 11 is responsible for issuing downlink control signals, which may be device control commands, status updates, data requests, etc. The main control unit 11 sends these commands to the connected master domain electronic communication device 3 in the form of electrical signals. After receiving the downlink electrical signals sent by the main control unit 11, the master domain electronic communication device 3 executes the corresponding control task. In addition, the master domain electronic communication device 3 may also send uplink electrical signals to the main control unit 11, which may contain the status, execution result, or other feedback information of the master domain electronic communication device 3.

[0117] An electronic and electrical system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described below with reference to FIG7.

[0118] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an electronic and electrical system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 7, the electronic and electrical system 100 includes the communication system 1 described in the above embodiment. The electronic and electrical system 100 can be any device involving power transmission, conversion, or management, and can be used in fields such as industry, energy, communications, automation, consumer electronics, transportation, and smart manufacturing.

[0119] According to the communication system 1 of this disclosure, the master domain controller 10 sends a downlink optical signal to at least one first optical splitter 20. The at least one first optical splitter 20 splits the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split signals, which are then transmitted via optical fiber to at least one slave domain controller 30. The at least one slave domain controller 30 can realize optical communication between the master domain controller 10 and at least one slave domain optical communication device 2 through active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode. This design embodies a three-level cascaded structure of master domain controller 10, slave domain controller 30, and slave domain optical communication device 2. By adding new optical splitters and slave domain controllers 30, the system of this disclosure can also realize point-to-multipoint multi-level cascaded optical network communication, ensuring high-speed, low-latency data transmission between master domain controller 10, slave domain controller 30, and slave domain optical communication device 2. Furthermore, by using active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode, the communication data of all slave domain optical communication devices 2 can be aggregated and transmitted via optical fiber, and finally the data is uniformly transmitted to master domain controller 10 for processing and management. This data aggregation and transmission method simplifies the communication network architecture, reduces the number of cables and connectors and the weight of communication system 1, thereby effectively reducing costs.

[0120] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical system 100 further includes at least one slave domain optical communication device 2. The at least one slave domain optical communication device 2 can be one slave domain optical communication device 2, two slave domain optical communication devices 2, five slave domain optical communication devices 2, ten slave domain optical communication devices 2, or other numbers of slave domain optical communication devices 2. The specific number of slave domain optical communication devices 2 can be set according to the actual needs of the system, and is not specifically limited here.

[0121] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG8, the domain optical communication device 2 includes a first optical network unit 21 and at least one first device terminal 22.

[0122] The first optical network unit 21 is connected to a branch end of the second optical splitter 40 or the third optical splitter 34 in the communication system 1 via an optical fiber. The first optical network unit 21 is used to convert downlink split optical signals into downlink split electrical signals or uplink split electrical signals into uplink split optical signals. The first device terminal 22 is electrically connected to the first optical network unit 21. The first device terminal 22 is used to perform actions based on the electrical signals corresponding to the downlink split optical signals or to feed back uplink split electrical signals.

[0123] Specifically, the second optical splitter 40 or the third optical splitter 34 can split the downlink optical signal sent from the domain controller 30 into multiple downlink optical signals and transmit them to each slave domain optical communication device 2. The first optical network unit 21 in the slave domain optical communication device 2 can convert the downlink optical signal into a downlink split electrical signal and transmit it to the first device terminal 22. The first device terminal 22 can perform corresponding actions according to the electrical signal corresponding to the downlink optical signal. In addition, the first device terminal 22 can also feed back its own data information to the first optical network unit 21 in the form of an uplink split electrical signal. The first optical network unit 21 can convert the uplink split electrical signal into an uplink optical signal and transmit it to the second optical splitter 40, and then feed it back to the master domain controller 10 through the slave domain controller 30 and the first optical splitter 20.

[0124] In some embodiments, the first device terminal 22 may be a sensor or an actuator. The sensor is used to detect and collect environmental or equipment status information and feed the measurement results back to the main domain controller 10. Sensors may include, but are not limited to, temperature sensors, current / voltage sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, light sensors, and speed sensors. An actuator can refer to a device that performs a specific action based on a received electrical signal. Actuators may include, but are not limited to, motors, relays, solenoid valves, and lighting modules.

[0125] In some embodiments, at least one first device terminal 22 may be one first device terminal 22, two first device terminals 22, five first device terminals 22, ten first device terminals 22, or other numbers of first device terminals 22. The specific number of first device terminals 22 can be set according to the actual needs of the system, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0126] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the electronic and electrical system 100 further includes at least one slave domain optical communication device 2, which includes a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) element 23. The main function of the WDM element 23 is to separate or combine optical signals of different wavelengths in the same optical fiber.

[0127] In some embodiments, the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) element 23 is connected to the branch end of the third optical splitter 34 in the communication system 1 via an optical fiber. The WDM element 23 is used to separate the downlink optical signal sent by the master domain controller 10 and the downlink control command optical signal sent by the slave domain controller 30 for the slave domain optical communication device 2.

[0128] Specifically, taking downlink optical communication as an example, as shown in Figure 9, the master optical line terminal 12 sends a downlink optical signal with wavelength λ1 to the first optical splitter 20 via optical fiber. The first optical splitter 20 splits the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split signals and sends them to the corresponding slave domain controller 30. The third optical splitter 34 in the slave domain controller 30 can further split the downlink split signal into multiple downlink split signals. One downlink split signal (the optical signal corresponding to the downlink control command of the slave domain controller 30) can be transmitted to the slave optical network unit 35 in the slave domain controller 30, while the other optical signals can be directly transmitted to the corresponding multiple slave domain optical communication devices 2 connected to the slave domain controller 30. After receiving one downlink split signal, the slave optical network unit 35 converts it into an electrical signal as the downlink control command of the master domain controller 10 and transmits it to the slave control unit 31 in the slave domain controller 30 for reception and processing.

[0129] Further, the control unit 31 sends an electrical signal containing a downlink control command for the slave optical communication device 2 to the slave optical line terminal 33. The slave optical line terminal 33 converts this command into a downlink split signal with a wavelength of λ2 and sends it to the common terminal of the third optical splitter 34. Then, the third optical splitter 34 splits the downlink split signal into multiple downlink split signals to send to multiple slave optical communication devices 2.

[0130] Furthermore, the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) element 23 in the domain optical communication device 2 can receive downlink split optical signals with wavelengths λ1 and λ2 sent from the third optical splitter 34. The downlink split optical signal with wavelength λ1 is the downlink optical signal sent by the master domain controller 10, and the downlink split optical signal with wavelength λ2 is the optical signal of the downlink control command for the slave domain optical communication device 2 sent by the slave domain controller 30. The WDM element 23 can separate these two downlink split optical signals with different wavelengths. After separation, the signals of different wavelengths can be processed independently by the slave domain optical communication device 2, reducing signal cross-interference and improving the stability of the overall communication system 1.

[0131] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the domain optical communication device 2 further includes a second optical network unit 24 and a third optical network unit 25. The second optical network unit 24 is connected to the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) element 23 via an optical fiber, and the second optical network unit 24 is used to convert the downlink optical signal sent by the master domain controller 10 into a downlink electrical signal or to convert the uplink WDM signal into an optical signal.

[0132] Specifically, taking downlink optical communication as an example, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) element 23 can separate the downlink optical signal (wavelength λ1) sent by the master domain controller 10 and the downlink control command optical signal (wavelength λ2) sent by the slave domain controller 30 for the slave domain optical communication device 2. Then, WDM element 23 can transmit the downlink optical signal with wavelength λ1 to the second optical network unit 24. After receiving the downlink optical signal, the second optical network unit 24 can use its internal photoelectric conversion unit to convert the downlink optical signal into a downlink electrical signal.

[0133] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the third optical network unit 25 is connected to the wavelength division multiplexing element 23 via an optical fiber. The third optical network unit 25 is used to convert the optical signal of the downlink control command sent from the domain controller 30 to the domain optical communication device 2 into an electrical signal or to convert the uplink split electrical signal into an optical signal.

[0134] Specifically, taking downlink optical communication as an example, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) element 23 can separate the downlink optical signal (wavelength λ1) sent by the master domain controller 10 and the downlink control command optical signal (wavelength λ2) sent by the slave domain controller 30 for the slave domain optical communication device 2. Then, WDM element 23 can transmit the downlink optical signal with wavelength λ2 to the third optical network unit 25. After receiving the downlink optical signal, the third optical network unit 25 can use its internal photoelectric conversion unit to convert the downlink optical signal into a downlink electrical signal.

[0135] In summary, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology is used to separate two optical signals with different functions (corresponding to control commands from the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30, respectively), thereby ensuring that the signals can be transmitted in parallel without interference within the same optical fiber. The second optical network unit 24 is primarily responsible for processing the downlink optical signals from the master domain controller 10, while the third optical network unit 25 focuses on processing the downlink control command signals from the slave domain controller 30. This approach ensures the accurate transmission of different types of control signals, improving the overall efficiency and stability of the communication system 1.

[0136] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the domain optical communication device 2 further includes at least one second device terminal 26. The second device terminal 26 is electrically connected to the second optical network unit 24 and the third optical network unit 25. The second device terminal 26 is used to perform an action according to the electrical signal corresponding to the optical signal of the downlink electrical signal or the downlink control command, or the second device terminal 26 is used to feed back the uplink distribution electrical signal.

[0137] In some embodiments, the second device terminal 26 can be an actuator or a sensor. As an actuator, the second device terminal 26 can receive instructions from the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30 to perform corresponding mechanical, electrical, or electronic operations, such as starting a motor, switching a relay, adjusting light brightness, and regulating a temperature control system. As a sensor, the second device terminal 26 can receive instructions from the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30 to collect device status or environmental information, such as temperature, humidity, vehicle speed, pressure, and light intensity. Furthermore, the second device terminal 26 can also feed back the execution results or collected data to the master domain controller 10 and the slave domain controller 30, facilitating real-time monitoring and adjustment of the system.

[0138] In some embodiments, at least one second device terminal 26 may be one second device terminal 26, two second device terminals 26, five second device terminals 26, ten second device terminals 26, or other numbers of second device terminals 26. The specific number of second device terminals 26 can be set according to the actual needs of the system, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0139] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical system 100 further includes at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4, which is electrically connected to the slave domain controller 30 in the communication system 1. Specifically, the electrical communication transmission between the slave domain electrical communication device 4 and the slave domain controller 30 can be implemented in the following ways. Taking downlink electrical communication transmission as an example: First, the main optical network unit 32 can directly convert the downlink splitting signal sent by the main domain controller 10 into a downlink splitting signal and send it to the corresponding slave domain electrical communication device 4; Second, the main optical network unit 32 can convert the downlink splitting signal sent by the main domain controller 10 into a downlink splitting signal and transmit it to the slave control unit 31. The slave control unit 31 can send the control electrical signal from the slave domain controller 30 to at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4 or the downlink splitting signal transmitted by the first photoelectric conversion unit 321 to the corresponding slave domain electrical communication device 4; Third, the main optical network... Unit 32 can convert the downlink splitting optical signal sent by the master domain controller 10 into a downlink splitting electrical signal and transmit the downlink splitting electrical signal to the slave control unit 31. The slave control unit 31 can send the control electrical signal of the slave domain controller 30 for at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4 or the downlink splitting electrical signal transmitted by the first photoelectric conversion unit 321 to the slave optical line terminal 33. The slave optical line terminal 33 can send the control electrical signal of the slave domain controller 30 for at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4 or the downlink splitting electrical signal corresponding to the downlink splitting optical signal sent by the master domain controller 10 to the corresponding slave domain electrical communication device 4.

[0140] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical system 100 further includes at least one master domain electrical communication device 3, which is electrically connected to the master domain controller 10 in the communication system 1. Specifically, the master control unit 11 in the master domain controller 10 can directly send downlink electrical signals to the master domain electrical communication device 3, enabling the master domain electrical communication device 3 to receive control commands from the master control unit 11 and perform corresponding operations based on these signals. Alternatively, the master domain electrical communication device 3 can send uplink electrical signals to the master control unit 11, enabling the master control unit 11 to receive feedback information from the master domain electrical communication device 3.

[0141] In summary, as shown in Figure 10, the signal transmission of the communication system 1 in the entire electronic and electrical system 100 includes: electrical communication transmission between the main domain controller 10 and at least one main domain electrical communication device 3; optical communication between the main domain controller 10 and at least one main domain optical communication device 5 (not shown in Figure 10); optical communication transmission between the main domain controller 10 and at least one slave domain optical communication device 2; electrical communication transmission between the slave domain controller 30 and at least one slave domain electrical communication device 4; and optical communication transmission between the slave domain controller 30 and at least one slave domain optical communication device 2. Depending on specific application requirements, the system can flexibly configure electrical or optical communication channels, ensuring that the entire electronic and electrical system 100 can achieve high-speed and low-latency signal transmission in complex environments while reducing wiring complexity and cost.

[0142] Based on the communication system 1 and the electronic and electrical system 100 of the above embodiments, this disclosure proposes an electronic and electrical device 200.

[0143] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, the electronic and electrical device 200 includes the electronic and electrical system 100 of any of the above embodiments or the communication system 1 of any of the above embodiments.

[0144] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical equipment 200 may include the vehicle 6 (as shown in FIG. 12) or other equipment, such as drones and light rail. For example, by integrating the master domain controller 10, slave domain controller 30, and related photoelectric conversion devices and splitters into the vehicle 6, the entire communication system 1 can achieve high-speed, low-latency, and stable and reliable data transmission and control between the various subsystems of the vehicle 6, meeting the requirements of modern intelligent vehicles 6 for efficient and real-time data exchange and equipment management. This not only improves the overall operating efficiency and safety of the vehicle 6, but also provides solid technical support for onboard intelligent and power management systems.

[0145] In some embodiments, the first device terminal 22 or the second device terminal 26 includes, but is not limited to, on-board electronic control equipment or devices such as displays, cameras, radar, tire pressure monitoring, vehicle lights, and vehicle windows.

[0146] In some embodiments, vehicle 6 can be various types of vehicles, such as cars, trucks, buses, vans, public buses, and special vehicles.

[0147] According to the electronic device of this disclosure, by employing the communication system 1 or electronic and electrical system 100 of the above embodiments, the master domain controller 10 sends the downlink optical signal to at least one first optical splitter 20. The at least one first optical splitter 20 divides the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink split signals and transmits them through optical fiber to at least one slave domain controller 30. The at least one slave domain controller 30 can realize optical communication between the master domain controller 10 and at least one slave domain optical communication device 2 through active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode. This design embodies a three-level cascaded structure of master domain controller 10, slave domain controller 30, and slave domain optical communication device 2. By adding new optical splitters and slave domain controllers 30, the system of this disclosure can also realize point-to-multipoint multi-level cascaded optical network communication, ensuring high-speed and low-latency data transmission between master domain controller 10, slave domain controller 30, and slave domain optical communication device 2. Furthermore, by using active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode, the communication data of all slave domain optical communication devices 2 can be aggregated and transmitted through optical fiber, and finally the data is uniformly transmitted to master domain controller 10 for processing and management. This data aggregation and transmission method simplifies the communication network architecture, reduces the number of cables and connectors and the weight of the communication system, thereby effectively reducing costs.

[0148] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0149] Although embodiments of this disclosure have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A communication system (1), characterized in that, include: The main domain controller (10) is used to send downlink optical signals or receive uplink optical signals; At least one first optical splitter (20), the common end of the first optical splitter (20) is connected to the main domain controller (10) via optical fiber, for splitting the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals or converging multiple uplink optical signals into the uplink optical signal; and At least one slave domain controller (30) is connected via optical fiber to the branch end of the at least one first optical splitter (20) and at least one slave domain optical communication device (2). The slave domain controller (30) is used to realize optical communication between the master domain controller (10) and the at least one slave domain optical communication device (2) through active aggregation mode or passive aggregation mode.

2. The communication system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slave domain controller (30) includes: The slave control unit (31) is used to process the downlink or uplink power distribution signal; A master optical network unit (32) is provided, the first end of which is connected to the branch end of the first optical splitter (20) via an optical fiber, and the second end of which is electrically connected to the slave control unit (31). The master optical network unit (32) is used to convert the downlink split signal into the downlink split electrical signal or to convert the uplink split electrical signal processed by the slave control unit (31) into the uplink split signal. From the optical line terminal (33), the first end of the optical line terminal (33) is electrically connected to the slave control unit (31). The optical line terminal (33) is used to convert the downlink splitting signal processed by the slave control unit (31) into the downlink splitting signal or to convert the uplink splitting signal fed back by the slave domain optical communication device (2) into the uplink splitting signal.

3. The communication system (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The communication system (1) further includes: At least one second optical splitter (40) is provided, the common end of which is connected to the second end of the slave optical line terminal (33), and multiple branch ends of the second optical splitter (40) are connected to multiple slave optical communication devices (2) respectively, for splitting the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals to be sent to multiple slave optical communication devices (2) or for converging multiple uplink optical signals from multiple slave optical communication devices (2) into one uplink optical signal.

4. The communication system (1) according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The slave domain controller (30) includes: The third optical splitter (34) has its common end connected to the branch end of the first optical splitter (20) via an optical fiber. The branch end of the third optical splitter (34) is connected to at least one slave optical communication device (2) to split the downlink optical signal into multiple downlink optical signals to be sent to multiple slave optical communication devices (2) or to converge multiple uplink optical signals from multiple slave optical communication devices (2) into one uplink optical signal.

5. The communication system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The slave domain controller (30) also includes: The slave control unit (31) is used to receive downlink control commands from the master domain controller (10) or to send downlink control commands to the slave domain optical communication device (2); and The optical network unit (35) has its first end connected to the branch end of the third beam splitter (34) and its second end connected to the slave control unit (31), which is used to realize the conversion of optical signals and electrical signals between the third beam splitter (34) and the slave control unit (31).

6. The communication system (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The slave domain controller (30) also includes: The optical line terminal (33) is connected at its first end to the control unit (31) and at its second end to the branch end of the third optical splitter (34). The optical line terminal (33) is used to convert the downlink control command sent by the control unit (31) to the domain optical communication device (2) into an optical signal.

7. The communication system (1) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The master domain controller (10) and the slave domain controller (30) communicate with the slave domain optical communication device (2) using time-division multiplexing.

8. The communication system (1) according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The wavelength of the downlink optical signal sent by the master domain controller (10) is different from the wavelength of the optical signal sent by the slave domain controller (30) for the downlink control command of the slave domain optical communication device (2).

9. The communication system (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The main optical network unit (32) includes: The first photoelectric conversion unit (321) is connected to the branch end of the first beam splitter (20) and the slave control unit (31) to convert the downlink beam splitting signal into the downlink splitting electrical signal or to convert the uplink splitting electrical signal processed by the slave control unit (31) into the uplink beam splitting signal.

10. The communication system (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The main optical network unit (32) further includes: A first control chip (322) is electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion unit (321). The first control chip (322) is also adapted to be electrically connected to at least one slave domain electrical communication device (4). The first control chip (322) is used to send the downlink power signal transmitted by the first photoelectric conversion unit (321) to the at least one slave domain electrical communication device (4).

11. The communication system (1) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The slave control unit (31) is also adapted to be electrically connected to at least one slave domain electrical communication device (4), and the slave control unit (31) is also used to send the control electrical signal of the slave domain controller (30) to the at least one slave domain electrical communication device (4) or the downlink electrical signal transmitted by the first photoelectric conversion unit (321) to the at least one slave domain electrical communication device (4).

12. The communication system (1) according to any one of claims 2-3 and 9-11, characterized in that, The optical line terminal (33) includes: The second photoelectric conversion unit (331) is electrically connected to the slave control unit (31) and is used to convert the downlink splitting signal processed by the slave control unit (31) into the downlink splitting signal or to convert the uplink splitting signal fed back by the slave optical communication device (2) into the uplink splitting signal.

13. The communication system (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The optical line terminal (33) also includes: The second control chip (332) is connected to the second photoelectric conversion unit (331) and is connected to the slave control unit (31) through the second photoelectric conversion unit (331). The second control chip (332) is also adapted to be electrically connected to at least one slave domain electrical communication device (4). The second control chip (332) is used to send the control electrical signal of the slave domain controller (30) for the at least one slave domain electrical communication device (4) or the downlink splitting signal corresponding to the downlink splitting signal sent by the master domain controller (10) to the at least one slave domain electrical communication device (4).

14. The communication system (1) according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The communication system (1) includes a plurality of first optical splitters (20), which are cascaded together.

15. The communication system (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first optical splitter (20) among the cascaded first optical splitters (20) connected to the main domain controller (10) is also adapted to be optically connected to at least one main domain optical communication device (5).

16. The communication system (1) according to any one of claims 1-15, characterized in that, The primary domain controller (10) includes: The main control unit (11) is used to transmit downlink electrical signals or receive uplink electrical signals; and The main optical line terminal (12) is connected to the main control unit (11) and the at least one first optical splitter (20) via optical fibers. The main optical line terminal (12) is used to convert the downlink electrical signal into the downlink optical signal or to convert the uplink optical signal into the uplink electrical signal.

17. The communication system (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that, The main control unit (11) is also adapted to be electrically connected to at least one main domain electrical communication device (3) for transmitting the downlink electrical signal to the at least one main domain electrical communication device (3).

18. An electronic and electrical system (100), characterized in that, The electronic and electrical system (100) includes the communication system (1) according to any one of claims 1-17.

19. The electronic and electrical system (100) according to claim 18, characterized in that, The electronic and electrical system (100) further includes at least one slave domain optical communication device (2), the slave domain optical communication device (2) comprising: The first optical network unit (21) is connected to the branch end of the second optical splitter (40) or the branch end of the third optical splitter (34) in the communication system (1) via an optical fiber. The first optical network unit (21) is used to convert the downlink split signal into a downlink split electrical signal or to convert the uplink split electrical signal into an uplink split optical signal.

20. The electronic and electrical system (100) according to claim 19, characterized in that, The slave optical communication device (2) further includes: At least one first device terminal (22) is electrically connected to the first optical network unit (21). The first device terminal (22) is used to perform an action or feed back the uplink splitting signal according to the electrical signal corresponding to the downlink splitting signal.

21. The electronic and electrical system (100) according to claim 18, characterized in that, The electronic and electrical system (100) further includes at least one slave domain optical communication device (2), the slave domain optical communication device (2) comprising: A wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) element (23) is connected to the branch end of the third optical splitter (34) in the communication system (1) via an optical fiber. The WDM element (23) is used to separate the downlink optical signal sent by the master domain controller (10) and the downlink control command optical signal sent by the slave domain controller (30) for the slave domain optical communication device (2).

22. The electronic and electrical system (100) according to claim 21, characterized in that, The slave optical communication device (2) further includes: The second optical network unit (24) is connected to the wavelength division multiplexing element (23) via an optical fiber. The second optical network unit (24) is used to convert the downlink optical signal sent by the main domain controller (10) into a downlink electrical signal or to convert the uplink electrical signal into an optical signal.

23. The electronic and electrical system (100) according to claim 22, characterized in that, The slave optical communication device (2) further includes: The third optical network unit (25) is connected to the wavelength division element (23) via an optical fiber. The third optical network unit (25) is used to convert the optical signal of the downlink control command sent by the domain controller (30) to the domain optical communication device (2) into an electrical signal or to convert the uplink electrical signal into an optical signal.

24. The electronic and electrical system (100) according to claim 23, characterized in that, The slave optical communication device (2) further includes: At least one second device terminal (26) is electrically connected to the second optical network unit (24) and the third optical network unit (25). The second device terminal (26) is used to perform an action according to the downlink electrical signal or the electrical signal corresponding to the optical signal of the downlink control command, or the second device terminal (26) is used to feed back the uplink distribution electrical signal.

25. The electronic and electrical system (100) according to any one of claims 18-24, characterized in that, The electronic and electrical system (100) further includes at least one slave domain electrical communication device (4), which is electrically connected to the slave domain controller (30) in the communication system (1).

26. The electronic and electrical system (100) according to any one of claims 18-25, characterized in that, The electronic and electrical system (100) further includes at least one main domain electrical communication device (3), which is electrically connected to the main domain controller (10) in the communication system (1).

27. An electronic and electrical device (200), characterized in that, The electronic and electrical equipment (200) includes a communication system (1) according to any one of claims 1-17, or the electronic and electrical equipment (200) includes an electronic and electrical system (100) according to any one of claims 18-26.

28. The electronic and electrical system (100) according to claim 27, characterized in that, The electronic and electrical system (100) includes a vehicle (6).

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