A control device extracts the average value of a PWM signal to manage parallel heating elements without a microcontroller.
A circuit detects siloxane contamination in MOX gas sensors and activates a protection mode with reduced heating power.
A self-regulating PTC heater maintains a heat detector at its predefined application temperature, preventing false alarms in cold environments.
A substrate processing apparatus uses a monitored item table to collect device data for fault diagnosis.
A heater controller adjusts turn-on ratios using limiting circuits to minimize light fluctuations during operation.
Baseline offset subtraction amplifies small resistance changes to improve temperature control precision.
Feedback control adjusts pump supply based on saturation detection to prevent liquid leakage in electronic cigarettes.
Processor synchronizes vapor release with lighting brightness via sensor input, resolving device complexity trade-offs.