Microneedles harvest energy from myocardial cells, enabling a leadless pacemaker that avoids battery replacement surgeries and lead-related risks.
Sequential capacitor switching captures nano-coulomb charges from millivolt sources, enabling self-powered electronics and implants.
Laser-ablated cross-over molds form uniform hollow microneedles without cleanrooms, cutting fabrication cost and time for drug delivery.
Contactless laser opening after protrusion molding helps hollow microneedles avoid burrs and shape distortion while improving skin delivery stability.
Wire bonding forms solid microneedles with controlled break points and adjacent microfluidic outlets for scalable, low-trauma drug delivery.
Clamped sheet wire cutting enables batch-made high-aspect-ratio metal microneedles with auxiliary insertion support to prevent buckling in skin.