WTRU transmission of cell WUS indication when configured with a mute pattern.

Abstract

A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information comprising one or more of a synchronization signal block (SSB) muting pattern, cell wake up signal (WUS) resources, and / or a reference signal received power (RSRP). The WTRU may measure a first set of non-muted SSBs associated with the SSB muting pattern. The WTRU may determine the measurements of each of the first set of non-muted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold. The WTRU may send a cell WUS indication based on the determination that the measurements of each of the first set of non-muted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold. The WTRU may receive a WUS response that indicates a second set of non-muted SSBs. The WTRU may measure the second set of non-muted SSBs. The WTRU may select an SSB, from the second set of non-muted SSBs based on the measurements of the second set of non-muted SSBs.

Description

1 / 87 “WTRU TRANSMISSION OF CELL WUS INDICATION WHEN CONFIGURED WITH A MUTE DESIGN” CROSS-REFERENCE ON RELATED REQUEST

[001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 445,460, filed February 14, 2023, the full content of which is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND

[002] A network can consume power when not transmitting due to other activities, such as baseband (digital) processing for reception or beamforming. Therefore, subsequent generation systems can introduce power-saving improvements to reduce power consumption. For example, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) can be configured with a discontinuous transmit (DRX) / discontinuous receive (DRX) cell pattern to indicate a duration of time during which a configured DRX cell pattern is active or inactive. A WTRU can determine to transmit and / or receive on certain resources depending on the network availability state. The WTRU can transmit a request to the network to modify the availability state to a state in which resources that would satisfy the WTRU's one or more requirements are available. SUMMARY

[003] Systems, methods and devices are provided herein with respect to procedures and / or behaviors for WTRUs operating in Network Energy Saving (NES) cells. Procedures and / or behaviors may include downlink synchronization (DL) with NES cells / discontinuous transmission (DTX), beam search and / or (re)selection with NES / DTX cells and / or cell wake-up signal transmission (WUS) and / or uplink indication (UL) to NES cells. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 11 / 115 2 / 87

[004] Systems, methods and devices may include a WTRU that determines whether to transmit a UL indication to trigger synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission based on DL synchronization obtained with signals / beams received in the NES / DTX cell state.

[005] Systems, methods and devices may include a WTRU that determines whether to transmit Cell WUS indication when a limited and / or reduced number of SSBs is received according to an SSB muting pattern based on DL synchronization achieved with the unmuted SSBs.

[006] Systems, methods and devices may include a WTRU that determines the transmission of a Cell WUS indication to request the alteration of an existing SSB muting pattern and / or to activate a new SSB muting pattern.

[007] Systems, methods and apparatus may be provided herein with respect to the transmission of Cell WUS indication WTRU when configured with a muting pattern. The WTRU may receive configuration information. The configuration information may indicate one or more SSB muting patterns, one or more Cell WUS features or a received reference signal power limit (RSRP).

[008] The WTRU may, under the condition that one or more measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold, perform one or more of the following. The WTRU may select a first SSB from the unmuted SSBs based on one or more measurements. The WTRU may transmit a cell wake-up signal (WUS) to the first SSB. The WTRU may receive a WUS response from the first SSB. The WTRU may monitor one or more second SSBs based on the WUS response. The WTRU may select a third SSB from one or more Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 12 / 115 3 / 87 second SSBs. WTRU can transmit a Random Access Channel (RACH) message based on the selected second SSB.

[009] The SSB silencing pattern may indicate which SSBs are silencing in one or more (e.g., each) burst(s). The SSB silencing pattern may include eight (8) unsilencing SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 20 milliseconds (ms). The SSB silencing pattern may include four (4) unsilencing SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 40 ms.

[010] The WUS may include one or more indexes for one or more second SSBs, a muting disabled indication, an uplink grant, a Network Power Saving State (NES) identifier (ID), and / or one or more (e.g., other) SSB muting pattern(s).

[011] A WTRU can receive configuration information. Configuration information can include an SSB muting pattern, one or more Cell WUS features, and / or an RSRP threshold. The SSB muting pattern can include a periodicity, an initial offset of an SSB burst, and / or a number of SSBs per burst. The SSB muting pattern can indicate which SSBs are muted or unmuted in each of a plurality of SSB bursts. The unmuted SSBs in consecutive bursts can be the same. Cell WUS features can include a mapping associated with unmuted SSBs and / or WUS features. The WTRU can measure an initial set of unmuted SSBs associated with the SSB muting pattern. The WTRU can determine that the measurements of each of the initial sets of unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold.The WTRU can send a Cell WUS indication based on the determination that the measurements of each of the first sets of unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold. The WTRU can receive a response from... Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 13 / 115 4 / 87 WUS indicates a second set of unmuted SSBs. The WTRU can measure the second set of unmuted SSBs. The WTRU can select an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs based on the measurements of the second set of unmuted SSBs. The SSB can be selected for transmission of a RACH preamble.

[012] The WUS response can be received after the cell's WUS is sent. The WTRU can be configured to trigger the measurement of the first set of unmuted SSBs based on a random access (RA) event. The cell's WUS indication can be sent using resources associated with an SSB from the first set of unmuted SSBs. The selected SSB can be associated with a measured RSRP that is the highest RSRP associated with the second set of SSBs. The WTRU can send a random access message based on the selected SSB. The random access message can be associated with initial access and the establishment of a network connection. For example, the WTRU can transmit an initial access message using one or more RACH resources associated with the selected SSB. The indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs can include one or more indications of one or more newly available SSBs and / or a second SSB muting pattern. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[013] Figure 1A is a system diagram that illustrates an exemplary communications system in which one or more disclosed modalities can be implemented.

[014] Figure 1B is a system diagram that illustrates an example of a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that can be used within the communications system illustrated in Figure 1A according to one embodiment. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 14 / 115 5 / 87

[015] Figure 1C is a system diagram that illustrates an example of a radio access network (RAN) and an example of a core network (CN) that can be used within the communications system illustrated in Figure 1A according to a modality.

[016] Figure 1D is a system diagram that illustrates another example of RAN and another example of CN that can be used within the communications system illustrated in Figure 1A according to a modality.

[017] Figure 2 is a system diagram illustrating an example of a WTRU that can be configured to achieve downlink synchronization (DL) with discontinuous transmission (DTX) of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) based on an SSB DTX transmission standard.

[018] Figure 3 is a system diagram that illustrates an example of a WTRU that can be configured to achieve DL synchronization with unmuted SSBs based on an SSB muting pattern.

[019] Figure 4 is a diagram that illustrates an exemplary expansion of an SSB muting pattern. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[020] Figure 1A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed modalities may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, message exchange, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access this content by sharing system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), multiple access Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 15 / 115 Frequency division 6 / 87 (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Spread Zero-Tail Single Word DFT (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), Single Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Feature Block Filtered OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), and similar types.

[021] As shown in Figure 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a RAN 104 / 113, a CN 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110 and other networks 112, although it is appreciated that the disclosed embodiments may encompass any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or a “STA”, may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook,A personal computer, a wireless sensor, an Internet access point or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other head-mounted display, a wearable (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated process chain contexts), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be referred to interchangeably as a WTRU. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 16 / 115 7 / 87

[022] Communication systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interact with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110 and / or other networks 112. By way of example, base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a B-Node, an eB-Node, a Home B-Node, a Home eB-Node, a gNB, an NR B-Node, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router and the like. Although base stations 114a and 114b are each represented as a single element, it will be appreciated that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[023] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be called a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in the licensed spectrum, the unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service for a specific geographic area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may additionally be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors.Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, that is, one for each sector of the cell. In another embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 17 / 115 8 / 87 can use multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming can be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[024] Base stations 114a, 114b can communicate with one or more WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d along an air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[025] More specifically, as noted above, communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and the like. For example, base station 114a in RAN 104 / 113 and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[026] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro). Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 18 / 115 9 / 87

[027] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement a radio technology, such as NR Radio Access, which can establish the 116 air interface using New Radio (NR).

[028] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example, using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[029] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN) and the like.

[030] Base station 114b in Figure 1A can be a wireless router, Home Node B, or access point, for example, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a workplace, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a highway, and the like. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 19 / 115 10 / 87 implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in Figure 1A, base station 114b can have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[031] RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements and the like. CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calls, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication.Although not shown in Figure 1A, it will be appreciated that RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs employing the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 / 113, which may be using NR radio technology, CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[032] CN 106 / 115 can also serve as a gateway for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110 and / or other networks 112. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 20 / 115 11 / 87 PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide simple traditional telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. Networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[033] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multimode capabilities (for example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communication with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, WTRU 102c shown in Figure 1A may be configured to communicate with base station 114a, which may employ cellular-based radio technology, and with base station 114b, which may employ IEEE 802 radio technology.

[034] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example of a WTRU 102. As shown in Figure 1B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a touchscreen / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chip set 136 and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any subcombination of the preceding elements, remaining consistent with an embodiment. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 21 / 115 12 / 87

[035] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that allows WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, which may be coupled to transmit / receive element 122.While Figure 1B depicts processor 118 and transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that processor 118 and transceiver 120 can be integrated together in a single electronic package or chip.

[036] The transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive infrared, ultraviolet, or visible light signals, for example. In another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 22 / 115 13 / 87

[037] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is represented in Figure 1B as a single element, the WTRU 102 can include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 can employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 can include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) to transmit and receive wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[038] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, WTRU 102 can have multimode capabilities. Thus, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers to enable WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[039] The WTRU 102 processor 118 can be coupled to, and can receive input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, keyboard 126, and / or touch screen / pad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 can also send user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keyboard 126, and / or touch screen / pad 128. In addition, the processor 118 can access information and store data in any suitable type of memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, a memory card, a Secure Digital Memory Card (SD), and the like.In other modes, processor 118 can access and store information. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 23 / 115 14 / 87 data in memory that is not physically located on WTRU 102, such as on a server or home computer (not shown).

[040] Processor 118 can receive power from power supply 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in WTRU 102. Power supply 134 can be any device suitable for powering WTRU 102. For example, power supply 134 can include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[041] Processor 118 may also be coupled to GPS chip set 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) relative to the current location of WTRU 102. In addition to, or instead of, information from GPS chip set 136, WTRU 102 may receive location information via air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with a mode.

[042] The processor 118 may additionally be coupled with other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional attributes, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a handset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 24 / 115 15 / 87 a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker and the like. Peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of the following: gyroscope, accelerometer, Hall effect sensor, magnetometer, orientation sensor, proximity sensor, temperature sensor, time sensor; geolocation sensor; altimeter, light sensor, touch sensor, magnetometer, barometer, gesture sensor, biometric sensor and / or humidity sensor.

[043] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to substantially reduce and / or eliminate self-interference via hardware (e.g., an inductor) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In one embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[044] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to one mode. As noted above, RAN 104 can employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. RAN 104 can also be in communication with CN 106. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 25 / 115 16 / 87

[045] RAN 104 may include eNodes 160a, 160b, 160c, although it is possible that RAN 104 may include any number of eNodes while remaining consistent with one embodiment. eNodes 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, eNodes 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, eNode 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from WTRU 102a.

[046] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c can be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, and the like. As shown in Figure 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c can communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[047] The CN 106 shown in Figure 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a service gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network gateway (PDN) (or PGW) 166. Although each of the above elements is described as part of CN 106, it is important to note that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[048] MME 162 can be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in RAN 104 via an S1 interface and can serve as a control node. For example, MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, carrier activation / deactivation, selecting a particular service gateway during an initial connection of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and similar. MME 162 can provide a control plane function to switch between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 26 / 115 17 / 87

[049] SGW 164 can be connected to each of the eNodes Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. SGW 164 can generally route and forward user data packets to / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. SGW 164 can perform other functions such as anchoring user planes during handovers between eNodes B, triggering paging when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and the like.

[050] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 166, which can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[051] CN 106 can facilitate communications with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional fixed-line communication devices. For example, CN 106 can include, or communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. In addition, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other 112 networks, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[052] Although the WTRU is described in Figures 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[053] In representative modalities, the other 112 network may be a WLAN. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 27 / 115 18 / 87

[054] A WLAN in Basic Services Infrastructure Set (BSS) mode can have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or other type of wired / wireless network that carries inbound and / or outbound traffic from the BSS. Traffic to STAs originating outside the BSS can arrive via the AP and be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS can be sent to the AP to be delivered to the respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent via the AP, for example, where the originating STA can send traffic to the AP and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS can be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic can be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a Direct Link Establishment (DLS).In certain representative configurations, DLS may use either 802.11 DLS or tunneled 802.11z DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to here as an “ad-hoc” communication mode.

[055] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure operating mode or a similar operating mode, the AP can transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel can have a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz bandwidth) or a width defined dynamically via signaling. The primary channel can be the BSS operating channel and can be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, for example, in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, STAs (by Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 28 / 115 19 / 87 example, each STA), including the AP, can detect the primary channel. If the channel is sensed and / or detected as occupied by a particular STA, the particular STA can back off. An STA (e.g., just one station) can transmit at any given time on a given BSS.

[056] High-throughput (HT) STAs can use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the 20 MHz primary channel with an adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[057] Very high throughput (VHT) STAs can support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, can be passed through a segment analyzer that can split the data into two continuous streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing can be performed on each continuous stream separately. Continuous streams can be mapped to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by a STA transmitter.At the receiving STA, the operation described above for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[058] Operating modes below 1 GHz are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The operating channel bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz in the Space spectrum. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 29 / 115 20 / 87 Television White Wire (TVWS), and 802.11ah supports bandwidths of 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah can support Meter Type Control / Machine Type Communications, such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., support only for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include a battery with a lifespan exceeding a certain limit (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[059] WLAN systems, which can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the highest common operational bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be defined and / or limited by an STA, among all STAs operating in a BSS, that supports the lowest bandwidth operating mode. In the 802.11ah example, the primary channel may have a 1 MHz bandwidth for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier Sense and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the primary channel status.If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to an STA (which only supports a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands can be considered occupied, even if most frequency bands remain idle and could be available. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 30 / 115 21 / 87

[060] In the United States, the available frequency bands that can be used by 802.11ah are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is from 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[061] Figure 1D is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to a modality. As noted above, RAN 113 can employ NR radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. RAN 113 can also be in communication with CN 115.

[062] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, although it is possible that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with a mode. gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. In a mode, gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may use beamforming to transmit signals and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, can use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown).A subset of these component carriers may be in unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be in licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement CoMP (Coordinated Multipoint) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c). Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 31 / 115 22 / 87

[063] WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or the OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying lengths or scalable lengths (e.g., containing a variable number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting various absolute time lengths).

[064] gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone and / or non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can use one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility docking point. In a standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN, such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c.For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNodes 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-autonomous configuration, eNodes 160a, 160b, 160c can serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 32 / 115 23 / 87 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput to meet WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[065] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, network slicing support, dual connectivity, interoperability between NR and E-UTRA, user plane data routing to User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, control plane information routing to Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in Figure 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[066] The CN 115 shown in Figure 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the above elements is described as part of the CN 115, it is important to note that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[067] The AMF 182a, 182b can be connected to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in RAN 113 via an N2 interface and can serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b can be responsible for authenticating users from WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, managing the log area, terminating NAS signaling, managing mobility, and the like. Network slicing can be used by the AMF 182a, 182b to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 33 / 115 24 / 87 based on the types of services used WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases, such as services that depend on ultra-reliable low-latency access (URLLC), services that depend on enhanced massive mobile broadband access (eMBB), services for machine-type communication (MTC) access, and / or similar services. AMF 162 can provide a control plane function to switch between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[068] SMF 183a, 183b can be connected to AMF 182a, 182b on CN 115 via an N11 interface. SMF 183a, 183b can also be connected to UPF 184a, 184b on CN 115 via an N4 interface. SMF 183a, 183b can select and control UPF 184a, 184b and configure traffic routing through UPF 184a, 184b. SMF 183a, 183b can perform other functions such as managing and allocating WTRU IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy and QoS enforcement, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[069] UPF 184a, 184b can be connected to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184, 184b can perform other functions such as packet routing and forwarding, user plane policy enforcement, support for multihomed PDU sessions, user plane QoS handling, downlink packet buffering, mobility tethering provision, and the like. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 34 / 115 25 / 87

[070] CN 115 can facilitate communications with other networks. For example, CN 115 may include, or communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108. In addition, CN 115 may provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other 112 networks, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between UPF 184a, 184b and DN 185a, 185b.

[071] In view of Figures 1A-1D and the corresponding description of Figures 1A-1D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the following: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-ab, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b and / or any other devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). Emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[072] Emulation devices can be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices may perform one or more, or all, of the functions while being wholly or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. One or more emulation devices may perform one or more, or all, of the functions Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 35 / 115 26 / 87 while they are temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can perform tests using wireless communications over the air.

[073] One or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, including all, without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, emulation devices may be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or an undeployed wired and / or wireless communication network (e.g., test) to implement the testing of one or more components. One or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via an RF circuit array (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[074] A 3GPP RAN may include one or more studies related to network energy savings. One or more studies may include improvements that enable the network to minimize its transmission and / or reception energy consumption. This minimization may be beneficial for reducing operating costs and / or environmental sustainability.

[075] Compared to previous systems, the NR design of legacy systems / architecture (e.g., as described in Rel-15) can be significantly (e.g., very) efficient from the perspective of minimizing network transmissions when there is no data. For example, the always-on cell-specific reference signal (CRS) cannot be used in NR. In examples, there may still be potential for reducing power consumption. For example, the network may still consume power when not transmitting from other activities, such as baseband (e.g., digital processing) reception and / or beamforming. Such consumption Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 36 / 115 27 / 87 of power (e.g., idle power) may not be negligible in dense networks, even when no WTRU is being served during a given period. If the network could turn off one or more of these activities when not transmitting to a WTRU, power consumption could be reduced.

[076] Unlike LTE, NR may not include always-on synchronization and / or reference signal transmission and / or support adaptive bandwidth and / or MIMO capabilities. Adapting network resources may not affect legacy WTRU. Adapting network resources may enable better (e.g., higher) efficiency in additional / improved (e.g., newer) operational deployments and / or subsequent (e.g., later) generations.

[077] The following terminology may be used here.

[078] The term Synchronization Signal Block and / or SS / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) block may include one or more of the following: Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS); Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS); PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel (Data, MIB) and PBCH (DMRS). One or more SSBs may be transmitted by the base station in different directions as beams. The number of SSB beams in an SSB burst set may depend on the carrier frequency. For example, an SSB burst may include 4 SSBs for FR1 (<3 GHz), 8 SSBs for FR1 (3 to 6 GHz), and 64 SSBs for FR2. An SSB burst set may be transmitted periodically within an interval (e.g., 5 milliseconds (ms)).

[079] The term System Information (SI) may include one or more Master Information Blocks (MIBs) and / or one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs). The WTRU may receive the MIB on the transmission channel (BCH) at a certain frequency (e.g., 80 ms) and / or with one or more (e.g., several) repetitions (e.g., within 80 ms). MIB may include certain parameters that are required Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 37 / 115 28 / 87 to acquire SIB1 from the cell. The first MIB transmission can be scheduled in certain subframes and / or repetitions can be scheduled according to the SSB period. SIB1 can be referred to as the remaining minimum SI (RMSI). SIB1 can be received on the shared DL channel (DL-SCH) with a certain periodicity (e.g., 160 ms) and / or with variable transmission repetition periodicity (e.g., within 160 ms). SIB1 can include information about the availability and / or scheduling (e.g., mapping of SIBs to SI message, periodicity, SI window size) of other SIBs with an indication of whether one or more SIBs can be (e.g., only) provided on demand. If SIBs are provided (e.g., only) on demand, SIB1 can include the identifiers / indices associated with the SIBs that WTRU can indicate in the on-demand SI request. SIB1 may be a cell-specific SIB.Other SIBs (e.g., SIB2, SIB3, positioning SIBs (posSIBs)) can be carried in SI messages. Other SIBs (e.g., SIB2, SIB3, posSIBs) can be received on the DL-SCH. SIBs and / or posSIBs having the same periodicity can be mapped to the same SI message. Any SIB and / or posSIB, except SIB1, can be configured to be cell-specific and / or area-specific. For example, any SIB and / or posSIB, except SIB1, can be configured to be cell-specific using an indication in SIB1. The cell-specific SIB can be applicable (e.g., only) within a cell that provides the SIB. The area-specific SIB can be applicable within an area. The area can be referred to as an SI area. The SI area can include one or more cells and / or can be identified by systemInformationAreaID.

[080] The term channel state information (CSI) may include one or more of the following: channel quality index (CQI), rating indicator (RI), pre-coding matrix index (PMI), an L1 channel measurement (e.g., RSRP, as Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 38 / 115 29 / 87 L1-RSRP or SINR), CSI-RS feature indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH block feature indicator (SSBRI), layer indicator (LI) and / or any other measurement quantity measured by the configured CSI-RS and / or SS / PBCH block WTRU (SSB).

[081] The term uplink control information (UCI) may include one or more of the following: Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback for one or more HARQ processes, Scheduling Request (SR), Link Recovery Request (LRR), Configured Grant or Cell Group (CG)-UCI and / or other bits of control information that may be transmitted on the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and / or shared physical uplink channel (PUSCH).

[082] The phrase channel conditions may include any conditions relating to the radio / channel status. The radio / channel status may be determined by the WTRU from one or more of the following: a WTRU measurement (e.g., L1 / SINR / RSRP, CQI / MCS, channel occupancy, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), power headroom, exposure headroom), L3 / mobility-based measurements (e.g., RSRP, received reference signal quality (RSRQ), s-measurement), a radiolink monitoring (RLM) status and / or channel availability in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., whether the channel is occupied based on the determination of a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure or whether the channel is considered to have suffered a consistent LBT failure).

[083] A Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) resource may include one or more of the following: a PRACH resource (e.g., in frequency), a PRACH occasion (RO) (e.g., in time), a preamble format (e.g., in terms of total preamble duration, sequence length, guard time duration and / or in terms of cyclic prefix length) and / or a certain Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 39 / 115 30 / 87 preamble sequence used for transmitting a preamble in a random access procedure.

[084] A scheduling information property (for example, an uplink lease or a downlink assignment) may include one or more of the following: a frequency allocation; a time allocation aspect (for example, duration); a priority; a modulation and / or encoding scheme; a transport block size; a number of spatial layers; a number of transport blocks to be ported; a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) or Survey Reference Signal (SRS) Feature Indicator (SRI) state; a number of repeats; and / or whether the lease can be configured as a type 1 lease, type 2 lease, and / or a dynamic lease.

[085] An indication (for example, by downlink control information (DCI)) may include one or more of the following: An explicit indication by a DCI field or by a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) used to mask the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). An implicit indication by a property, such as DCI format, DCI size, Coreset or search space, aggregation level, identity of the first control channel resource (for example, index of the first control channel element (CCE)) for a DCI, where the mapping between the property and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC. An explicit indication by a DL MAC CE.

[086] The terms network, cell, base station and / or gNB may be used interchangeably here.

[087] The terms SSBs and / or beams may be used interchangeably here.

[088] The terms network availability status, cell DTX mode / configuration and / or NES status may be used interchangeably herein. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 40 / 115 31 / 87

[089] Systems, methods and apparatus may be provided herein with regard to Cell DTX and / or Discontinuous Cell Reception (XRD).

[090] gNB can (e.g., currently) use reduced downlink transmission / uplink reception activity without an explicit cell DTX / DRX pattern with restrictions due to WTRU XRD settings and / or any configured transmission / reception (e.g., common channels / signals). Connected DRX mode (C-DRX) can be configured by WTRU. Alignment of DRX cycles and / or deviations for different WTRUs can be done via RRC. During the WTRU DRX shutdown period, the WTRU may not expect to monitor PDCCH, but the WTRU can initiate UL transmission according to the configured resources (e.g., using PUCCH, RACH, SR, and / or CG-PUSCH). Alignment and / or omission of DRX patterns in multiple WTRUs can be achieved via gNB implementation.

[091] Cell DTX / DRX may aim to provide one or more mechanisms informing the WTRU if the cell remains inactive. This may include improvements to the WTRU DRX configuration (e.g., to align / omit DRX cycles and / or initiate DRX bypasses, for WTRUs in connected mode or idle / inactive mode, potentially allowing longer cell inactivity opportunities). During a cell DTX / DRX, for example, the cell may have reduced transmission / reception (e.g., none) or (e.g., only) maintain limited transmission / reception. For example, the cell may not transmit and / or receive one or more (e.g., some) periodic signals / channels (e.g., common channels / signals and / or WTRU-specific signals / channels).

[092] Cell DTX / DRX can be applied to one or more WTRUs in the RRC_CONNECTED state. A periodic cell DTX / DRX (e.g., active and inactive periods) can be configured by gNB via WTRU-specific RRC signaling by Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 41 / 115 32 / 87 service cell. The Cell DTX / DRX mode can be activated / deactivated via dynamic L1 / L2 signaling and / or WTRU-specific RRC signaling. Both WTRU-specific L1 / L2 signaling and common L1 / L2 signaling can be considered to activate / deactivate the Cell DTX / DRX mode. Cell DTX and / or Cell DRX modes can be configured and / or operated separately (e.g., one RRC configuration set for DL ​​and / or another for UL). Alternatively, Cell DTX / DRX can be configured and / or operated together. One or more of the following parameters can be configured per Cell DTX / DRX configuration: periodicity, initial partition / deviation, and / or duration. Alternatively, Cell DTX indication can be part of the SI update and / or SIB signaling. There may be a common time for one or more (e.g., all) WTRUs to determine the cell's DTX status.

[093] Systems, methods and devices may be provided here with respect to Network Availability States, Cell DTX mode and / or NES states.

[094] A WTRU can determine whether to transmit and / or receive on one or more resources. The WTRU can determine whether to transmit and / or receive on certain resources depending on the network availability state, which may imply the gNB power saving status. An availability state can correspond to a network power saving state, a cell DTX mode, a cell DRX mode, and / or a gNB activity level. An availability state can be uplink or downlink specific and / or can change from symbol to symbol, partition to partition, frame to frame, and / or at longer duration granularity. The availability state can be determined by the WTRU and / or indicated by the network. An availability state can be, for example, On, DL and UL active, UL only active, Off, Reduced Tx power, Sleeping, Micro Hibernation, Light Hibernation, and / or Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 42 / 115 33 / 87 Deep Hibernation. These states can be abstracted by one or more network configuration (NW) parameters and / or values. Dynamic indication can point to the active availability state (e.g., by DCI or MAC CE signaling). The Off availability state may imply that the gNB baseband hardware is (e.g., completely) turned off. The Hibernation availability state may imply that the gNB periodically wakes up to transmit certain signals (e.g., presence, synchronization, and / or reference signals) and / or receive certain UL signal(s). In one or more (e.g., some) availability states, one or more (e.g., some) DL and / or UL resources may be unavailable during certain periods of time. The unavailability of DL and / or UL resources may enable the network to turn off baseband processing and / or other activity(ies).One or more (e.g., some) measurement resources (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RS) may (e.g., only) be made available in certain availability states, including one or more of the following: RLM, beam fault detection (BFD), radio resource management (RRM) measurements, CSI-RS feedback configuration, and / or a different power offset for CSI feedback.

[095] Under certain conditions, for example, the WTRU may additionally transmit a request to the network (e.g., wake-up request and / or wake-up signal / indication) to modify the availability state to a state in which one or more resources that would satisfy the WTRU's requirements are available.

[096] WTRU can determine an availability state from receiving an availability state indication, for example, by L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., a DCI or common group indication) and / or can implicitly determine an availability state from receiving periodic DL signaling - or lack thereof. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 43 / 115 34 / 87

[097] The WTRU can determine if a resource is available for transmission / reception and / or measurements for the determined network availability state if the resource is applicable in the active availability state. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU can adapt its active C-DRX cycle, active spatial elements (e.g., antenna and / or logic gates), active transmission / reception points (TRPs), paging occasions based on the signaled and / or determined availability state. The WTRU can be configured with one or more sets of transmission and / or reception NES parameters per availability state (e.g., per dedicated configuration transmission or signaling). The WTRU can apply the set of NES parameters according to the determined or signaled availability status. The WTRU can apply one or more applicable configurations depending on the determined NES state.A set of NES parameters may include one or more of the following: one or more (e.g., a number) of antenna ports, a CDRX configuration, a measurement configuration (e.g., for RRM, RLM, and / or BFD), CSI feedback, a CSI-RS configuration, an SSB configuration, conditional handover (CHO) or mobility candidates, and / or a set of active TRPs.

[098] An availability state may be applicable to one or more transmission, reception and / or measurement resources. An availability state may be applicable to one or more time periods, such as a time interval and / or time symbol. An availability state may be applicable to a service cell, a group of cells, a frequency band, a bandwidth portion, a TRP, a set of spatial elements and / or a frequency range within a bandwidth portion. For example, when an NES state changes in a cell, the WTRU may receive an availability state change indication indicating that this Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 44 / 115 35 / 87 change is only for that cell, for one or more (e.g., all) cells at the same frequency and / or the same RAT.

[099] The WTRU may consider the active availability state associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band as Off, Deep Hibernation, or Micro Hibernation based on (e.g., after) receiving a DL signal that changes the availability state of the cell and / or TRP. For example, the WTRU may receive a shutdown command in broadcast signaling, RRC signaling, DCI (e.g., a common DCI group), and / or a DL MAC CE (e.g., part of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) indication). The WTRU may determine an availability state from receiving the availability state indication, e.g., from L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., a common DCI group or indication) and / or broadcast signaling associated with an availability state.For example, an indication of a change in availability status may also, or alternatively, be part of the SI update and / or SIB signaling (e.g., in a separate SIB that is not read by legacy WTRUs). There may be a common time for one or more (e.g., all) WTRUs in the cell to determine the availability status.

[0100] The WTRU can implicitly determine (e.g., assume) a certain availability state associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band (e.g., “Off”, “deep hibernation”, “micro hibernation”, or dormant”). For example, the WTRU can implicitly determine a certain availability state from: Receiving a paging message (e.g., DCI paging, PDSCH paging, or a paging-related signal, e.g., PEI); the gNB DTX status (e.g., whether the gNB is active or whether an associated activity timer is running); Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 45 / 115 36 / 87 the availability status of an associated cell; and / or measured channel conditions being below or above a threshold.

[0101] The WTRU can be configured to monitor an indication that can characterize the level of network activity (e.g., an availability state). Network activity can be associated with a gNB and / or a cell. The WTRU can determine (e.g., assume) the same availability state for one or more parts (e.g., all) of cells of the same gNB (e.g., cells of the same MAC entity). The network activity indication (e.g., presence indication) can include a channel (e.g., a PDCCH) and / or a signal (e.g., a sequence). The activity indication and / or the NES state change indication / command (e.g., referred to as cell activity indication) can indicate the level of activity that the WTRU can expect from the associated gNB and / or cell, e.g., reduced activity. The activity indication can include activity information from other gNBs / cells.The activity indication can be a PDCCH and / or can include common group signaling. For example, the NW can transmit a common group DCI to a group of WTRUs (e.g., WTRUs in the service cell) indicating a change in activity state and / or activity level in UL and / or DL. The PDCCH CRC can be shuffled with a dedicated activity indication RNTI or a NES-RNTI. A WTRU can be configured with one or more search spaces associated with PDCCH activity indication monitoring occasions. The indication can include a sleep signal, for example, a predefined sequence. When the WTRU detects this sequence, for example, it can expect a reduced activity level over a specific time period. The WTRU can activate the C-DRX for the indicated time period. Additionally or alternatively, two or more sequences can be used to indicate regular activity and / or reduced activity. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 46 / 115 37 / 87

[0102] Signaling within the PDCCH and / or activity indication may include one or more of the following: expected activity level of associated gNBs / cells during a specific time interval (e.g., an availability state); for one or more (e.g., each) activity level(s) (e.g., availability state), transmit and / or receive attributes may be defined; a set of settings may be associated with an activity level and / or may be used / applied when that activity level is indicated (e.g., a set of NES parameters); the time interval during which an activity level is determined (e.g., assumed) may be signaled in the PDCCH and / or part of the activity indication; and / or the time interval during which an activity level is determined (e.g., assumed) may be predetermined.

[0103] The expected activity level of the associated gNBs / cells during a specific time interval (e.g., an availability state) may include activity levels that are predetermined and / or configured and may, for example, include regular and / or reduced activity. Signaling may indicate the activity level. For example, bit 1 may indicate regular activity and bit 0 may indicate reduced activity.

[0104] For one or more (e.g., each) activity level(s) (e.g., availability status), transmit and / or receive attributes can be defined. For example, during reduced activity, the WTRU may not be expected to monitor certain PDCCH seek spaces (e.g., including all SSs) and / or receive a certain type of PDSCH (e.g., including all PDSCH) and / or transmit PUCCH / PUSCH and / or perform certain measurements. The WTRU can start or stop monitoring PDCCH and / or TCI states associated with a given NES state, including PDCCH resources or TCI states associated with (de)activated TRPs or spatial elements. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 47 / 115 38 / 87

[0105] A set of settings (e.g., SS settings, CSI reporting settings, transmitted SSB indexes, etc.) can be associated with an activity level and / or can be used / applied when that activity level is indicated (e.g., a set of NES parameters). One or more (e.g., each) set(s) of settings can have an attribute associated with an activity level (e.g., a tag that can be set to “reduced activity”).

[0106] The time interval during which an activity level is determined (e.g., assumed) can be signaled in the PDCCH and / or as part of the activity indication. The time interval can be indicated using a bitmap where one or more (e.g., each bit(s) in the bitmap) can be associated with a specific duration, e.g., a partition or a frame. For example, bit 1 can indicate regular activity and bit 0 can indicate reduced activity in an associated frame. The time interval can be indicated with a start time and interval duration. The start time can be set (e.g., as described here). For example, the start time can be determined by adding a fixed offset to the time the indication is received. The interval duration can be set and / or signaled in the PDCCH indication.

[0107] The time interval during which an activity level is determined (e.g., assumed) can be predetermined. The WTRU can determine (e.g., assume) an interrupt delay (e.g., or more generally a time until the NES state changes) based on (e.g., after) receiving the NES state change command (e.g., after the last symbol or partition in which the command was received). The interrupt time can be in absolute time, in a number of symbols, or in a number of partitions. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 48 / 115 39 / 87

[0108] WTRU may determine that an uplink and / or downlink resource and / or signal is available for transmission / reception and / or measurements for the determined network availability state if the uplink and / or downlink resource(s) and / or signal(s) is / are applicable in the active availability state. WTRU may determine that a subset of measurement resources and / or signals (e.g., SSBs, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS) are not applicable in certain availability states. WTRU may determine that a subset of uplink and / or downlink resources (e.g., PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH) are not applicable in certain availability states. WTRU may transmit one or more (e.g., some) uplink signals (e.g., only) in a subset of NW availability states (e.g., SRS, SRS positioning, PRACH, UCI).

[0109] Achieving DL synchronization when a limited number of SSBs / SIBs are transmitted by the base station (e.g., using different transmission / mutation patterns and / or periodicities) can be a problem addressed by one or more of the modalities disclosed herein. Triggering one or more transmission(s) (e.g., any) UL (e.g., Cell WUS, RACH preamble, SR) with reduced delay when there are limited or nonexistent SSBs / SIBs, beams, and / or CSI-RS can be a problem addressed by one or more of the modalities disclosed herein.

[0110] When a base station / cell is operating in a NES state / mode (e.g., cell DTX, cell DRX, or sleep state), DL beams, such as SSB / SIB and / or CSI-RS, may be transmitted and / or may be transmitted less frequently (e.g., with a periodicity of >160ms). This can result in delays during DL synchronization, beam seek / select, initial access, on-demand SI, failed UL transmissions during active cell DRX durations, etc. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 49 / 115 40 / 87

[0111] The WTRU may transmit a wake-up request indication (e.g., Cell WUS Indication, RACH preamble) to request that the cell transition to a different NES state and / or increase the periodicity of SSB / SIBs and / or CSI-RS. Transmission of such a wake-up request indication and / or subsequent change in the cell's NES state may (e.g., enable) reduce the delay(s) associated with cell access for any subsequent signaling / data transmissions / receptions. In examples, it may not be effective for the WTRU to transmit a wake-up request indication using outdated DL / UL beam pairs and / or without performing resynchronization with the latest DL beams.This occurs because the strongest (i.e., best) DL / UL beam pairs (e.g., identified prior to cell DTX) and / or any of the settings and / or features associated with the beam pairs may no longer be valid and / or may have changed since gNB transitioned to the NES state (e.g., cell DTX).

[0112] Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided herein with respect to a WTRU that synchronizes with NES / DTX SSBs based on (e.g., prior to) SR transmission. A WTRU may receive configuration information (e.g., when the cell transitions to DTX mode). Configuration information may include Cell WUS features (e.g., mapping between DTX SSBs and Cell WUS features). For example, the set of DTX SSBs compared to the set of non-DTX SSBs may be a smaller set, may transmit less frequently, may include PSS and SSS, and / or may not include PBCH. Configuration information may include the SR feature associated with a reference SSB beam (e.g., last beam associated with the WTRU prior to the cell DTX). Configuration information may include the duration of the advance time of Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 50 / 115 41 / 87 Timing (TA). Configuration information may include the WUS response duration. Configuration information may include the beam validity time duration. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may start the TA timer. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may start the beam validity timer. The WTRU may start monitoring DTX SSBs (e.g., wide beams), for example, when triggered by an SR event, as the WTRU has data to transmit. The WTRU may select a DTX SSB, for example, based on one or more measurements. The WTRU may transmit Cell WUS using one or more features associated with the selected DTX SSB. For example, the WTRU may transmit the Cell WUS if or when (e.g., only if or when) the TAT has not expired. For example, the WTRU may transmit the Cell WUS if or when the beam validity timer (e.g., or the timing alignment timer (TAT)) has expired.The WTRU can initiate a WUS response timer and / or monitor a WUS response. For example, the WUS response may include one or more of the following: a PUCCH feature and / or index(es) for one or more new SSBs (e.g., new SSBs may include one or more of the following: non-DTX SSBs, SSBs that are different from or additional to DTX SSBs, other SSBs that may have been activated and / or may be available now). If the WUS response is received based on (e.g., before) the response timer expiring, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following: monitor new SSBs (e.g., SSB beams); select a new SSB (e.g., based on measurements); transmit a RACH preamble associated with a newly selected SSB; receive (e.g., in RAR) configuration information (e.g., PUCCH feature for SR) from the newly selected SSB; and / or transmit SR through the newly selected SSB.If the WUS response is not received and / or the response timer expires, the WTRU may retransmit one or more responses. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 51 / 115 42 / 87 Cell WUS indications (e.g., for N attempts before termination). If the TAT has expired, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble to the cell associated with the selected SSB DTX. The WTRU may not send the cell's WUS. If the beam validity timer (e.g., or the TAT) has not expired and / or an SR is pending and / or an SR event occurs, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following: transmit SR using the configured feature(s); receive PUSCH feature(s) for buffered status reporting (BSR) in DCI; and / or transmit BSR using the PUSCH feature.

[0113] Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided herein with respect to a WTRU that can transmit a Cell WUS indication to activate one or more muted SSBs when configured with an SSB muting pattern. A WTRU can receive configuration information. The configuration information may include an SSB muting pattern (e.g., periodicity, initial offset of the SSB burst, number of SSBs per burst, etc.); one or more Cell WUS features (e.g., mapping between unmuted SSBs and WUS features); and / or an RSRP threshold. An SSB muting pattern may include, for example, 8 unmuted SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 20 ms and / or 4 unmuted SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 40 ms.An SSB muting pattern can indicate which SSBs (e.g., which SSB indices) are muted or unmuted in one or more (e.g., each) burst(s) and / or where the SSBs are available (e.g., unmuted) in consecutive bursts may be the same or different. For example, the SSB muting pattern may indicate which SSBs are muted or unmuted in each of a plurality of SSB bursts. Unmuted SSBs in consecutive bursts may be the same. The SSB muting pattern may be a pattern from a set of configured patterns and / or. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 52 / 115 43 / 87 may be indicated by a pattern ID and / or index. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may receive an indication and / or configuration information indicating that SSB muting is enabled. The SSB muting pattern ID may be received when SSB muting is enabled (e.g., in the same message, DCI and / or MAC-CE).

[0114] The WTRU can perform one or more measurements on the unmuted SSBs available within the SSB muting pattern, for example, when triggered by an event (e.g., needs to connect, resume a connection, and / or transmit data). For example, the WTRU can measure a first set of unmuted SSBs associated with the SSB muting pattern. The WTRU can be configured to trigger measurement of the first set of unmuted SSBs based on a random access (RA) event, as described herein. The WTRU can determine that one or more measurements of each of the first sets of unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold. The WTRU can select a first SSB among the unmuted SSBs (e.g., based on measurements), for example, if the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold.A WTRU can transmit a Cell WUS (e.g., a Cell WUS indication) using resources associated with the selected unmuted SSB, for example, if the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold. For example, the Cell WUS can aim to wake up one or more (e.g., some) muted SSBs (e.g., adjacent to the selected unmuted SSB). For example, the WTRU can send a Cell WUS indication based on the determination that the measurements of each of the first sets of unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold. The Cell WUS indication can be sent using one or more resources associated with an SSB from the first set of. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 53 / 115 44 / 87 Unmuted SSBs. The WTRU may receive a response from the WUS, through one or more features associated with the selected unmuted SSB, for example, if the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold. For example, the WUS response may include one or more of the following: index for SSBs (e.g., other SSBs that may have been activated and / or may be available now), indication to disable muting, UL grant, NES status ID, and / or new muting pattern (e.g., pattern ID). For example, the WUS response may indicate a second set of unmuted SSBs. The indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs may include one or more indications of one or more newly available SSBs and / or a second SSB muting pattern. The WUS response may be received after the cell's WUS indication has been sent.If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU can monitor the SSBs based on information in the WUS response (e.g., new SSBs available, new muting pattern). For example, the WTRU can measure the second set of unmuted SSBs. If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU can select a second SSB (e.g., a new beam) from the monitored SSBs (e.g., based on one or more measurements). For example, the WTRU can select an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs based on the measurements of the second set of unmuted SSBs. The SSB can be selected for transmission of a RACH preamble. The selected SSB can be associated with a measured RSRP that is the highest RSRP associated with the second set of SSBs.If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a random access message (e.g., RACH Msg1 and / or Msg3) based on (e.g., using a feature associated with) the... Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 54 / 115 45 / 87 second selected SSB (e.g., new beam). The random access message can be associated with the initial access and the establishment of a network connection (e.g., as described here). For example, the WTRU can select a RACH preamble associated with the second selected SSB (e.g., new beam) and / or transmit the preamble (e.g., Msg1). For example, if the WUS response includes a UL grant, the WTRU can transmit Msg3 (e.g., RRC message) based on the second selected SSB (e.g., new beam).

[0115] Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided herein with respect to a WTRU that can transmit a Cell WUS indication to request a change to an SSB muting pattern. A WTRU can receive configuration information. The configuration information may include a set of one or more of the two SSB muting patterns. For example, an SSB muting pattern configuration may include, for one or more (e.g., each pattern(s)), the number of SSBs per burst, the periodicity per burst, and / or which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) burst(s). For example, one SSB muting pattern configuration may include 8 SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 20 ms and / or another SSB muting pattern may include 4 SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 40 ms.The configuration information may include an indication that a first SSB muting pattern from the set of SSB muting patterns is enabled. The configuration information may include an RSRP limit. The configuration information may include one or more delay limit values.

[0116] The WTRU can perform one or more measurements on one or more unmuted SSBs based on the first (e.g., activated) SSB muting pattern, for example, when triggered by an RA event. The WTRU can select Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 55 / 115 46 / 87 an unmuted SSB based on one or more measurements, for example, unmuted SSB with the strongest (e.g., highest) (RSRP). If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on one or more of the following: the number of SSBs per burst in one or more (e.g., each) SSB muting pattern(s); the periodicity associated with one or more (e.g., each) SSB muting pattern(s); which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) burst(s) in one or more (e.g., each) SSB muting pattern(s); and / or the time until the next burst of the activated SSB muting pattern (e.g., if the time until the next burst is greater than a delay threshold). If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU can transmit a Cell WUS.A Cell WUS transmission may indicate a request to activate the second SSB muting pattern. If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may receive a response from the WUS. Receiving a response from the WUS may indicate the activation of the second SSB muting pattern and / or another SSB muting pattern (e.g., SSB muting pattern ID activated). If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may perform one or more measurements on one or more unmuted SSBs based on the second SSB muting pattern and / or another SSB muting pattern indicated by the WUS response. If the RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU may select an unmuted SSB (e.g., based on measurements).If RSRP measurements of unmuted SSBs fall below an RSRP threshold, WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected SSB. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 56 / 115 47 / 87

[0117] The systems, methods and apparatus provided herein may include aspects common to one or more (e.g., all) modalities. Common terminology and / or concepts may include one or more of the following.

[0118] The Cell DTX active period may include a duration of time during which a configured Cell DTX pattern is active (e.g., time periods during the On Duration periods of a Cell DTX pattern). The WTRU may be preset / pre-configured to monitor PDCCH and / or other DL signals and / or channels during this period. This may be applicable (e.g., only) based (e.g., after) a Cell DTX configuration has been indicated by the NW to be activated.

[0119] The inactive period of the cell DTX may include a duration of time during which a configured cell DTX pattern is not active / inactive (e.g., periods of time outside the periodic On Duration periods of a cell DTX pattern). This may be applicable based on (e.g., only after) a cell DTX configuration has been indicated by the NW to be activated.

[0120] The active period of the cell DRX may include a duration of time during which a configured cell DRX pattern is active (e.g., time period(s) during On Duration periods of a cell DRX pattern). The WTRU may be preset to (e.g., be allowed) transmit UL signal(s) and / or UL channel(s) during this time. This may be applicable based on (e.g., only after) a cell DRX configuration has been indicated by the NW to be activated.

[0121] The inactive period of the cell XRD may include a duration of time during which a configured cell XRD pattern is not active / inactive (e.g., periods of time outside the periodic On Duration periods of an XRD pattern). Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 57 / 115 48 / 87 cell). This may be applicable based on (e.g., only after) a cell DRX configuration has been indicated by the NW to be activated.

[0122] An activated cell DRX / DTX may include a configured cell DRX and / or cell DTX pattern state, where such state was activated by L1 / L2 DL signaling, RRC (re)configuration and / or common cell settings, and / or was not deactivated.

[0123] DRX / DTX disabled cell may include a state of a configured DRX cell pattern and / or DTX cell, where such state has been disabled by DL L1 / L2 signaling, RRC (re)configuration and / or common cell settings.

[0124] The terms Link between availability state and Cell DTX / DRX can be used interchangeably herein. WTRU can implicitly determine a Cell DTX state from a given active availability state and / or vice versa. WTRU can implicitly determine a Cell DRX state from a given active availability state and / or vice versa.

[0125] A Cell DTX configuration can refer to the active Cell DTX period as a set of Cell DTX occasions. This set can be parameterized by one or more durations between the start of successive occasions (e.g., Cell-DTX-cycle), an offset (e.g., Cell-DTX-offset), and / or a duration (e.g., Cell-DTX-duration) for one or more (e.g., each) Cell DTX occasion(s). For example, such parameters can be expressed in subframe units (e.g., or milliseconds) in a similar way (e.g., in the same way) as the long WTRU DRX cycle. In this case, a Cell DTX occasion may include a time period that begins on a subframe that satisfies [SFN x number of 10 subframes] modulo (cell-DTX-cycle) = (cell-DTX-offset), where SFN is a system frame number, and ends (cell-DTX-duration) thereafter. Additional or Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 58 / 115 49 / 87 Alternatively, the Cell DTX configuration may include a partition offset with respect to the start of the subframe in which a Cell DTX instance begins. One or more parameters of the Cell DTX configuration may be signaled by RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI (e.g., specific WTRU or common WTRU group).

[0126] The WTRU can be preset and / or configured by Cell DTX and / or a Cell DRX configuration with one of the following parameters and / or behaviors. The WTRU can be preset and / or configured by Cell DTX and / or a Cell DRX configuration with one or more configured leases and / or applicable SPS settings. For example, the WTRU can activate such configured leases upon activation of the Cell DTX and / or Cell DRX configuration. The WTRU can be configured by configured lease, regardless of whether the configured lease takes precedence over the default configured Cell DTX and / or Cell DRX (for example, if the WTRU can transmit and / or receive on a CG UL and / or DL ​​during an inactive Cell DRX and / or DTX period, respectively).The WTRU can be preset and / or configured by a Cell DTX and / or a Cell DRX configuration if the WTRU can monitor the PDCCH for dynamic grants and / or dynamic DL assignments during the Cell DTX downtime period. The WTRU can be preset and / or configured by a Cell DTX and / or a Cell DRX configuration with respect to transmission in dynamic grants and / or configured grants. The WTRU can be preset and / or configured by a Cell DTX and / or a Cell DRX configuration with PRACH capabilities and / or configuration of PRACH capabilities that may be applicable during a Cell DRX downtime period and / or if a Cell DRX configuration is activated. WTRU can be predefined and / or configured by Cell DTX and / or a Cell DRX configuration with SR / PUCCH features and / or SR / PUCCH feature configuration that may be applicable during. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 59 / 115 50 / 87 during a Cell DRX downtime period and / or if a Cell DRX configuration is activated. WTRU can be preset and / or configured by Cell DTX and / or a Cell DRX configuration with CSI reporting and / or CSI reporting feature settings that may be applicable during a Cell DRX downtime period and / or if a Cell DRX configuration is activated. WTRU can be preset and / or configured by Cell DTX and / or a Cell DRX configuration with SRS features and / or SRS feature settings that may be applicable during a Cell DRX downtime period and / or if a Cell DRX configuration is activated.

[0127] The WTRU can be configured with one or more (e.g., multiple) DRX and / or DTX cell configurations simultaneously in a given service cell. The WTRU can be configured with a primary and / or default cell DTX and / or DRX configuration, which the WTRU can apply by default. Upon receiving a signal activating a cell DTX and / or DRX configuration, for example, the WTRU can deactivate another cell DTX (e.g., or all other cell DTXs). Upon receiving a signal deactivating a cell DTX and / or DRX configuration, the WTRU can activate another cell DTX and / or activate a default cell DTX / DRX configuration. After the timer expires, the WTRU can revert to the default cell DRX and / or DTX configuration. The WTRU can reset this timer upon receiving DL signaling and / or data and / or an indication from the NW to remain in a given non-default cell DTX and / or DRX state.

[0128] Systems, methods and devices may be provided herein with respect to the configuration of the Cell WUS. The UE may be configured to transmit a request to the network (e.g., wake-up request and / or wake-up signal / indication) to modify the availability state to a state in which resources that would satisfy one or more WTRU requirements are available. The signal / indication Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 60 / 115 51 / 87 of wakefulness may be referred to as a cell wakefulness signal (WUS) or UL indication.

[0129] The WTRU can be preset and / or configured based on NES availability / state, by cell DTX, cell DRX and / or by SSB / beam configuration with one or more of the following parameters and / or behaviors associated with the Cell WUS indication. The WTRU can be preset and / or configured with one or more timing / frequency sequences / features associated with the transmission of a Cell WUS indication. The WTRU can be preset and / or configured with the features associated with the Cell WUS that may correspond to any of the following: PRACH features and / or PRACH feature configuration, SR / PUCCH features and / or SR PUCCH feature configuration and / or a new set of timing / frequency sequence features.The WTRU can be preset and / or configured with such features for Cell WUS that may be applicable during a WUS occasion (e.g., feature and / or configuration during which the WTRU can transmit a Cell WUS indication and / or the base station can monitor a UL transmission). The WTRU can be preset and / or configured with such features for Cell WUS that may be applicable during an active / inactive Cell DTX period and / or inactive Cell DRX period.

[0130] The systems, methods, and devices provided herein may be related to the NES SSB transmission pattern. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more transmission patterns associated with NES SSBs. One or more different transmission patterns may be associated with different availability / NES states of the cell. The NES SSB transmission pattern may include one or more NES SSBs and / or beams in a burst that may be transmitted by the cell with a certain periodicity in an availability / NES state. These NES SSBs may be Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 61 / 115 52 / 87 used by WTRU for purposes similar to those associated with non-NES SSBs or legacy SSBs, such as DL synchronization, MIB / SIB access, and beam selection. NES SSBs in a transmission standard may include a combination of one or more of the following. NES SSBs in a transmission standard may include a combination of PSS and SS. SSBs and / or beams may include PSS and SSS signals (e.g., 2 symbols) without any PBCH (MIB). These signals may be used by WTRU for DL ​​synchronization before transmitting a UL indication for PBCH / RMSI request, for example. These signals may be referred to as discovery reference signals (DRS). NES SSBs in a transmission standard may include a combination of PSS, SSS, and partial PBCH. In addition to PSS and SSS signals, SSBs and / or beams may include (for example, some) MIB information, including one or more of the following: SFN, subcarrier spacing, SSB subcarrier shift, DMRS, and / or cell lock.These signals may include any indication for a PDCCH / PDSCH from which the SIB1 can be determined by the WTRU. Such signals may be referred to as light SSBs. NES SSBs in a transmission pattern may include a combination of CSI-RS, TRS, and / or PT-RS. SSBs and / or beams may include any CSI-RS, TRS, and / or PT-RS signal and / or may be used by the WTRU for DL ​​synchronization and / or beam / phase tracking. NES SSBs in a transmission pattern may include a combination of PRS. PRS signals and / or beams may be used by the WTRU to detect cells / beams and / or to perform positioning-related measurements, including one or more time-based, angle-based, and / or received power-based measurements (e.g., reference signal time difference (RSTD), RTSD, RSRP).

[0131] The transmission pattern associated with NES SSBs may include one or more time-domain locations / positions (e.g., within a frame or Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 62 / 115 53 / 87 half-frame) of NES SSBs in a sequence. Such locations can be indicated to the WTRU via one or more bitmaps of different lengths (e.g., short, long), where a “1” in a bitmap can indicate the presence of an SSB beam in a burst and “0” can indicate the absence of an SSB beam. One or more other parameters associated with the transmission pattern of NES SSBs that can be configured in the WTRU may include the SSB type (e.g., periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent), periodicity of NES SSBs, initial partition / bypass, duration, subcarrier spacing, subcarrier bypass, and / or SS block power, for example. A non-NES SSB occasion, during which one or more SSBs may be transmitted, may include a time period that begins on a subframe that satisfies [SFN x 10 + number of subframes] modulo (NES-SSB-cycle) = (NES-SSB-shift), where SFN is a system frame number, and ends (NES-SSB-duration) thereafter.Additionally or alternatively, the SSB NES transmission pattern may include a partition offset with respect to the start of the subframe in which an SSB NES instance begins. One or more parameters of the SSB NES transmission pattern configuration may be signaled by RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI (e.g., via WTRU-specific and / or WTRU group-specific common signaling). In examples, the SSB NES transmission pattern may correspond to an SSB muting pattern, where an SSB muting pattern may include one or more SSBs and / or beams in a burst that may be muted and / or not transmitted.

[0132] A WTRU can be configured with one or more (e.g., multiple) SSB NES transmission patterns and / or configurations simultaneously in a given service cell. The WTRU can be configured with a primary and / or default SSB NES transmission pattern, which the WTRU can apply by default. Upon receiving signaling indicating the activation of an SSB NES transmission pattern, for example, WTRU Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 63 / 115 54 / 87 can disable another (e.g., or all others). Upon receiving a signal indicating the disabling of an SSB NES transmission pattern, the WTRU can activate another SSB NES transmission pattern and / or activate a default SSB NES transmission pattern. After a timer expires, the WTRU can recover the failure to the default SSB NES transmission pattern. The WTRU can reset this timer upon receiving DL signaling and / or data and / or an indication from the NW to use a given non-default SSB NES transmission pattern.

[0133] Upon receiving an indication of cellular activity (e.g., when the base station transitions to the cell's DTX / DRX mode), the WTRU may apply one or more SSB NES transmission patterns to synchronize with the network (e.g., via PSS and SSS) and / or to access SSBs / SIBs based on the indicated / identified availability of the cell. The WTRU may identify the SSB NES transmission pattern(s) to be applied based on a configured association information between the transmission patterns and the availability state and / or based on one or more transmission pattern identifiers / indices received in the configuration information and / or indication of activity.

[0134] Whether the WTRU can prioritize a configured SSB NES transmission pattern and / or any of the specific WTRU channels / signals can be predefined, configured and / or determined as a function of one or more of the following: the WTRU capacity, the priority and / or latency of the data and / or the type of signaling / control information. An example of a WTRU signal and / or channel that can take priority over a configured SSB NES transmission pattern is a CG transmission, an SR transmission and / or a Cell WUS indication transmission. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 64 / 115 55 / 87

[0135] When operating in cell DTX mode, a base station may transmit DTX SSBs according to a DTX transmission standard. For example, a transmission standard for DTX SSBs may include a set of DTX SSBs that may be a smaller set compared to a set of non-DTX SSBs. The set of DTX SSBs may be transmitted less frequently (e.g., lower periodicity) compared to non-DTX SSBs. The set of DTX SSBs may include PSS and / or SSS and / or may not include PBCH. The terms “DTX SSBs” and “NES SSBs” may be used interchangeably and / or may refer to one or more (e.g., any) SSBs and / or beams transmitted by a cell when operating in an NES state (e.g., cell DTX mode).

[0136] Systems, methods, and devices may include a WTRU that receives configuration information and / or parameters associated with NES / DTX SSBs and / or Cell WUS. In examples, the WTRU may receive configuration information and / or parameters associated with the Cell WUS and / or NES / DTX SSBs. The configuration information and / or parameters received by the WTRU may be applicable to one or more modes, as described herein. The configuration information may be received in broadcast transmission (e.g., MIB, SIB) and / or in dedicated RRC signaling (e.g., in the RRCReconfiguration message) during CONNECTED mode or in INACTIVE / IDLE mode (e.g., RRC Release Message, when transitioning from CONNECTED mode).Alternatively, configuration information and / or any associated parameters (e.g., IDs / indices, including a subset of the parameters and / or any configuration update) may be received by the WTRU in one or more cell activity indications, for example. This cell activity indication may be received in RRC, MAC CE, PDCCH, or PDSCH signaling, for example. This indication of... Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 65 / 115 56 / 87 Cellular activity can be received by the WTRU via a reference beam (e.g., the last SSB beam associated with the WTRU before cell DTX / DRX), for example.

[0137] The configuration information received by WTRU may include one or more of the following.

[0138] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include the SSB DTX transmission pattern. For example, the SSB DTX transmission pattern may include one or more of the following: periodicity, initial deviation, duration, positions of SSB DTXs in a burst, and / or index(es) associated with the SSB DTXs. SSB DTXs received by the WTRU during cell DTX mode may include wider beams, fewer beams per SSB burst, and / or lower periodicity compared to non-DTX SSBs received by the WTRU during a non-DTX cell mode, for example.

[0139] The configuration information received by WTRU may include the SSB muting pattern. For example, the parameters associated with an SSB silencing pattern configuration may include one or more of the following: SSB silencing pattern ID / index, periodicity, initial partition / diversion, burst duration, positions of active / silenced SSBs in a burst (e.g., bitmap indication (active / silenced SSBs) and / or index(es) associated with active / silenced SSBs). The WTRU can be pre-configured with one or more (e.g., multiple) SSB silencing patterns. One or more SSB silencing patterns can be enabled / disabled via cell activity indication, DCI, MAC CE, and / or RRC signaling. An SSB silencing pattern may include 8 unmuted SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 20 ms or 4 unmuted SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 40 ms.An SSB muting pattern can indicate which SSBs (e.g., which SSB indices) are muted and / or not. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 66 / 115 57 / 87 silenced in one or more (e.g., each) burst(s), where the available (e.g., unsilenced) SSBs in consecutive bursts may be the same or different. The SSB silence pattern may be a pattern from a set of configured patterns and / or may be indicated by a pattern ID and / or index. In examples, the WTRU may be implicitly configured with an SSB silence pattern when configuring the cell DTX pattern. In examples, the WTRU may determine one or more (e.g., some) parameters associated with the SSB silence pattern, such as periodicity and / or duration of unsilenced SSBs in a burst, based on the association / alignment of the SSB silence pattern with the cell DTX pattern.

[0140] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include Cell WUS resources. For example, Cell WUS resources may be received by the WTRU as common group resources (e.g., RACH preambles / sequences) and / or dedicated WTRU-specific resources (e.g., PUCCH resource). These resources may be indicated as a mapping relationship between one or more DTX SSBs / unmuted SSBs / beams and one or more Cell WUS resources.

[0141] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include the duration of the Cell WUS response time. The duration of the Cell WUS response time may refer to the duration of (e.g., in symbols / partitions / subframes) that can be initiated by the WTRU at time instance n (e.g., partition n=1) based on (e.g., after) transmitting the Cell WUS indication and / or interrupted at the end of the duration (e.g., partition n+N, where the timer duration corresponds to N partitions). During the duration of the Cell WUS response, the WTRU may monitor any of the signals / beams. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 67 / 115 58 / 87 DL, including any of the PDCCH, PDSCH, SIBs and / or SSBs (e.g., non-DTX SSBs).

[0142] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include UL features associated with a reference SSB beam. For example, a reference SSB beam may correspond to the last SSB beam (e.g., beam index) associated with the WTRU based on (e.g., before) receiving a cell activity indication (e.g., when the cell transitions to cell DTX mode). UL features may correspond to any of the PUCCH / SR features (e.g., may be used by the WTRU to transmit SR during cell DTX mode when triggered by an SR event), RACH preambles, and / or Cell WUS features.

[0143] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include validity time durations. For example, one or more validity time durations may include any TA validity duration and / or a beam validity duration. These validity durations may be used by the WTRU to determine whether certain WTRU actions can be performed (e.g., monitoring PDCCH and / or transmitting SR) when the associated timers (e.g., TAT) are triggered and / or running / valid. The beam validity timer may be used to determine whether any settings and / or features associated with a reference SSB and / or configured SSB beam are valid for use during signaling / data DL / UL transmissions, for example. The beam validity timer may be associated with a single reference SSB beam and / or a set of SSB beams (e.g., in a burst).At the end of the beam's validity period, for example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that the beam is no longer valid and / or may release it. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 68 / 115 59 / 87 any settings (e.g., TCI state) and / or features (e.g., SR, CSIRS) associated with the reference beam(s).

[0144] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include the duration of the Cell WUS ban timer. The ban timer may be initiated, for example, by the WTRU when transmitting a Cell WUS indication. For example, the WTRU may not transmit a subsequent Cell WUS indication while the ban timer is running. The WTRU may transmit a Cell WUS indication based on (e.g., after) the expiration of the ban timer.

[0145] The configuration information received by the WTRU may include RSRP / RSRQ threshold values. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more RSRP / RSRQ threshold values ​​to determine whether an unmuted / DTX SSB can be selected and / or to determine whether transmission of new / muted SSB(s) or beam(s) can be triggered.

[0146] Systems, methods, and apparatus may be provided herein with respect to a WTRU synchronizing with NES / DTX SSBs based on (e.g., before) SR transmission. In examples, the WTRU may determine whether / when to transmit a UL indication to trigger SSB transmission from a cell operating in a NES state based on DL synchronization achieved with signals / beams received during the corresponding NES state. Such modes may be applied by the WTRU upon detecting any of the activation events / conditions associated with the transmission of the UL indication (e.g., as described herein). Such modes may be applied during one or more of the following: when the base station operates in a cell DTX mode, based on (e.g., after) the WTRU receiving a Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 69 / 115 60 / 87 indication of cell activity and / or upon detecting / receiving one or more SSB DTXs during occasions associated with cell DTX.

[0147] The WTRU can initiate one or more validity timers. For example, the WTRU can initiate a beam validity timer upon receiving configuration information associated with the cell DTX and / or cell activity indication. The beam validity timer can correspond to any timer associated with one or more configurations, resources, SSBs, and / or beams. For example, the beam validity timer can correspond to the TA timer. Cell activity indication can indicate the initialization of cell operation in a NES state, such as cell DTX / DRX. The WTRU can receive DTX SSBs during the NES state (e.g., cell DTX) and / or the WTRU can perform one or more actions corresponding to the NES state (e.g., as described here).For example, when triggered by an event in the associated NES state, the WTRU can perform one or more actions depending on the validity of the validity timer (for example, whether the beam validity timer is running or stopped).

[0148] WTRU can monitor DTX SSBs based on the detection of trigger events and / or conditions. For example, WTRU can initiate monitoring of DTX SSBs during the operation of the cell's NES state (e.g., the cell is in DTX / DRX mode) upon detecting one or more trigger events / conditions. Such trigger events / conditions, to initiate DTX SSB monitoring before the transmission of a UL indication (e.g., Cell WUS), may include one or more of the following: Random Access Events, UL data transmission, and / or CSI-RS measurements / reports.

[0149] Trigger events / conditions to initiate SSB DTX monitoring prior to transmission of a UL indication (e.g., Cell WUS) may include Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 70 / 115 61 / 87 Random Access Events. For example, WTRU may initiate monitoring of DTX SSBs during one or more of the following: before transmitting any of the initial access messages (e.g., RACH preamble, Msg1, Msg3, MsgA), when triggered by events associated with establishing a connection to the network, when resuming a suspended connection (e.g., when transitioning from the INACTIVE to the CONNECTED state), when requesting SI on demand, and / or when initiating handover (HO) from a source cell to a destination cell.

[0150] Trigger events / conditions, to initiate SSB DTX monitoring before the transmission of a UL indication (e.g., Cell WUS), may include UL data transmission. For example, such trigger events may include one or more of the following: SR triggering due to the arrival of UL data in WTRU buffer storage (e.g., DRB / LCH buffer stores), UL data priority (e.g., arrival of URLLC and / or XR data with a priority value above a threshold), and / or delay associated with UL data (e.g., data time-to-live or remaining delay is below a delay threshold).

[0151] Trigger events / conditions, to initiate SSB DTX monitoring before transmission of a UL indication (e.g., Cell WUS may include CSI-RS measurements / reports). For example, such trigger events may include the detection of periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS associated measurement events by and / or when the WTRU has one or more CSI reports to transmit.

[0152] When monitoring DTX SSBs, the WTRU can perform measurements on the detected beams. The WTRU can determine which DTX SSBs and / or beams to measure based on a measurement configuration (e.g., comprising a DTX SSB transmission pattern, measurement duration, RSRP threshold values) received by the WTRU, for example. The WTRU can select one or more DTX SSBs and / or beams. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 71 / 115 62 / 87 based on measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP). For example, the WTRU can select a DTX SSB and / or beam where the RSRP of the DTX SSB and / or beam measured by the WTRU is greater than a threshold RSRP value and / or the RSRP of the DTX SSB and / or beam is the highest RSRP measured among the detected set of DTX SSBs.

[0153] A WTRU can transmit a UL indication (e.g., Cell WUS). In examples, the WTRU can transmit a UL indication to the network using a feature associated with the selected DTX SSB and / or beam when triggered by certain events / conditions. This UL indication can include one or more of the following configurations and / or features: Cell WUS indication, SR and / or RACH preambles, for example. This UL indication can be transmitted periodically when configured with periodic features. This UL indication can be used to request the network and / or provide preference information to the network in one or more of the following: initiate transmission of non-DTX SSBs, request transition to a new and / or non-NES state, request UL grant for SR / BSR / data transmission, preference indication for certain SSBs and / or beams, preference indication for an SSB burst periodicity, request CSI-RS transmission via certain beams and / or request any RMSI / SIBs.This UL indication can be transmitted using the spatial filter associated with the reference SSB and / or the selected DTX SSB and / or beam, for example. The WTRU can initiate a ban timer when transmitting a UL indication (e.g., Cell WUS). When initiating the ban timer, the WTRU cannot transmit any subsequent UL indications until the ban timer expires and / or after receiving a response indication.

[0154] The WTRU can transmit the UL indication during a WUS (WO) occasion, during which the base station / cell can monitor any UL transmission from the WTRU, for example. A WO can correspond to an uplink and / or resource. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 72 / 115 63 / 87 configuration (e.g., RACH, SR, PUSCH, PUCCH) that can be used by the WTRU to transmit a Cell WUS indication and / or a UL transmission (e.g., PUSCH data or signaling / control message), for example, after a cell DRX interrupt. In the case where a WUS occasion pattern is configured (e.g., comprising WO periodicity, WO duration, initial partition / diversion), for example, the WTRU can transmit any UL indication during the next available WUS occasion, possibly associated with the selected SSB DTX. If a WUS occasion pattern is not configured, for example, the WTRU can determine (e.g., assume) the availability of an n-symbol / partition WUS occasion (e.g., n=1) based (e.g., after) the reception of the last SSB DTX in an SSB DTX burst, for example.

[0155] The triggering events / conditions used by the WTRU to determine whether to transmit the UL indication may be similar to those associated with the start of monitoring of DTX SSBs during the operation of the cell's NES state. For example, if any of the activation conditions (e.g., detection of RA events, SR events, CSI-RS reporting events) are pending and / or not canceled, the WTRU may transmit a UL indication (e.g., Cell WUS) when selecting a DTX SSB, for example. One or more other conditions that may be monitored by the WTRU to determine whether the UL indication can be transmitted may include the validity timer associated with the beam validity timer and / or TAT. For example, the WTRU may transmit a UL indication if and / or when (e.g., only if and / or when) the TAT has not expired.For example, the WTRU can transmit the SR if the TAT timer has not expired and / or if one or more SRs are triggered / pending, for example. Similarly, the WTRU can transmit a UL indication (e.g., Cell WUS) if and / or when the... Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 73 / 115 64 / 87 beam validity timer (e.g., or TAT) has expired. In examples, WTRU may transmit a Cell WUS using a Cell WUS resource (e.g., instead of an SR) if the beam validity timer (e.g., or TAT) has expired and / or if one or more SRs are triggered / pending, e.g.

[0156] In examples, if the TAT has expired, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble to the cell associated with the selected SSB DTX. In examples, the WTRU may not transmit Cell WUS.

[0157] In examples, if the beam validity timer (e.g., or the TAT) has not expired and one or more SRs are pending and / or an SR event occurs (e.g., when new UL data arrives), the WTRU can transmit SRs using one or more configured SR / PUCCH resources. The WTRU can receive a PUSCH resource in DCI and / or (e.g., subsequently) the WTRU can transmit BSRs using the PUSCH resource.

[0158] In examples, the WTRU can provide the base station / cell with assistance information about which DTX SSBs / beams should be kept on / active. This information can be provided in the WUS UL / Cell indication, for example. This information can be provided in CSI-RS reports, for example. For example, the WTRU can use periodic CSI reports and / or trigger aperiodic reports to transmit the assistance information associated with the base station / cell, indicating which set and / or subset of beams the base station / cell should keep on / active and / or which can be turned off and / or muted from the WTRU's coverage perspective.

[0159] In examples, WTRU can indicate a desire (e.g., need) to change the cell state (e.g., from DTX to active) and / or a Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 74 / 115 65 / 87 change in beam assignment if a certain reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ)) falls below a certain threshold value.

[0160] In examples, the WTRU can use position-based measurements (e.g., DL PRS measurements) to request a change in the NES status / beam assignment of the cell. For example, if the PRS DL RSRP per beam falls below a certain threshold when the cell is in a reduced availability / power state, the WTRU can trigger a request to change the NES and / or beam status (e.g., possibly on the Cell WUS indication). In examples, the WTRU can trigger and / or transmit a request for a wake-up and / or update beam assignment if the PRS DL RSTD between other cells and the current service (e.g., reference cell) exceeds a threshold RSTD value.

[0161] In examples, the WTRU may maintain a list of the best 'k' beams based on the most recent beam scans / measurements. The WTRU may update the list of best 'k' beams based on a cell activity indication received from the base station in the deactivated beam set when transitioning to a NES / DTX state. The WTRU may exclude these beams and / or choose from the strongest (e.g., best) in the remaining 'k' upon receiving the cell activity indication. If the remaining number of available beams is below a threshold and / or the measured RSRP of the reduced beam set is below a threshold, the WTRU may transmit a Cell WUS indication to the base station in the updated beam list. The WTRU may (e.g., then) receive a WUS response indication from the base station in an alternate or reduced beam set.

[0162] The WTRU can receive a WUS response indication from the network when transmitting the UL indication (e.g., Cell WUS indication). The WTRU can start a WUS response timer of m symbols / partitions (e.g., m = Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 75 / 115 66 / 87 1) Based on (e.g., after) transmitting the UL indication during a WUS event. The WTRU can monitor a WUS response indication while the WUS response timer is running, for example. The WTRU can stop and reset the ban timer associated with the Cell WUS upon receiving a response from the WUS, for example.

[0163] The WUS response can be received by the WTRU in PDCCH, MAC CE and / or RRC signaling, for example. The WUS response can be received in a specific WTRU signaling and / or common group signaling. When receiving the WUS response in PDCCH, the PDCCH CRC can be scrambled with a WUS-RNTI, for example. The WUS response can be received via the beam used by the WTRU to transmit the UL and / or Cell WUS indication, for example. In examples, the WTRU can receive an implicit WUS response, where the reception of an implicit WUS response can be determined (e.g., assumed) by the WTRU upon detecting one or more new SSBs (e.g., new SSBs may include one or more of the following: non-DTX SSBs, SSBs different from or in addition to DTX SSBs, other SSBs that may have been activated and may now be available).

[0164] The explicit WUS response indication may include one or more of the following: indication of new SSBs (e.g., index(es) associated with one or more non-DTX SSBs) to be transmitted in DTX mode and / or based on (e.g., after) cell transition to a non-DTX mode, indication of a new availability state / mode / NES to which the cell may be transitioning (e.g., state ID / index), indication of TCI state change (e.g., when a new / preferred beam is indicated in the Cell WUS indication) and / or one or more PUCCH features (e.g., for SR transmission, CSI-RS reporting and / or HARQ feedback). Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 76 / 115 67 / 87

[0165] The systems, methods, and apparatus provided herein may include one or more WTRU actions upon receiving / not receiving a WUS response indication. If the WUS response is received by the WTRU based on (e.g., before) the expiration of the WUS response timer, the WTRU may transmit SR using the PUCCH feature indicated in the WUS response. The WTRU may transmit SR upon receiving the WUS response, for example, when the WTRU may have previously transmitted a Cell WUS indication and / or when one or more SRs are pending. The WTRU may transmit SR using a new SSB (e.g., non-DTX SSB beam), which may be associated with the DTX SSB beam used to transmit the cell WUS indication, for example.

[0166] Additionally or alternatively, in examples, if an explicit WUS response is not received by the WTRU based on (e.g., before) the expiration of the WUS response timer, the WTRU may monitor an implicit WUS response in the form of the initiation of new SSBs (e.g., SSBs different from or in addition to DTX SSBs, other SSBs that may have been activated and / or may be available now). This monitoring of new SSBs may be performed by the WTRU for a certain period of time, based on (e.g., before and / or after) the expiration of the WUS response timer. The WTRU may select a new SSB (e.g., Beam SSB) based on one or more measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP) and / or using a criterion associated with one or more measurements (e.g., RSRP measurements of the new SSB are above a threshold value and / or are the highest among the new SSBs detected).WTRU can transmit a RACH preamble associated with the newly selected SSB beam and / or receive the RACH response (RAR), including the PUCCH feature for SR. WTRU can (for example, then) transmit SR using the feature. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 77 / 115 68 / 87 PUCCH received via a UL beam that matches the newly selected SSB beam.

[0167] In examples, if an explicit WUS response is not received by the WTRU based on (e.g., before) the expiration of the WUS response timer, the WTRU may retransmit the cell's WUS indication (e.g., possibly after the associated ban timer has expired). The WTRU may retransmit the cell's WUS indication for N configured instances / attempts based on (e.g., before) the expiration and / or release of any configuration information associated with the Cell WUS.

[0168] In examples, if the TAT has expired, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble to the cell associated with the selected SSB DTX. In examples, the WTRU may not transmit the Cell WUS.

[0169] Figure 2 illustrates a system diagram that illustrates an example of a WTRU 202 that can be configured to achieve DL synchronization with DRX SSBs based on a DTX 200 SSB transmission pattern. When triggered by an SR 204 event (e.g., UL data arrival), the WTRU 202 can determine the transmission of a Cell WUS 212 (e.g., a Cell WUS indication), using resources associated with one of a plurality of DTX 206 SSBs, to initiate the transmission of new SSBs (e.g., non-DTX SSBs) from the cell. The WTRU 202 can receive information from the new SSBs in a WUS 216 response. The WTRU 202 can select a new SSB to transmit SR 218 (e.g., possibly when transmitting initial access messages via the newly selected SSB).

[0170] In the examples, the WTRU 202 can perform one or more of the following. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 78 / 115 69 / 87

[0171] A WTRU 202 can receive configuration information (e.g., when the cell transitions to DTX mode). Configuration information may include one or more Cell WUS features (e.g., mapping between DTX 206 SSBs and Cell WUS features). For example, the set (e.g., plurality) of DTX 206 SSBs compared to the set of non-DTX SSBs may be a smaller set, may be transmitted less frequently, may include PSS and / or SSS, and / or may not include PBCH. Configuration information may include one or more SR features associated with a reference SSB beam (e.g., last beam associated with the WTRU 202 before the cell DTX). Configuration information may include the TA time duration. Configuration information may include a WUS response duration. Configuration information may include the beam validity time duration.

[0172] Alternatively or additionally, WTRU 202 can start a TA timer. Alternatively or additionally, WTRU 202 can start a beam validity timer.

[0173] In 208, WTRU 202 can start monitoring DTX 206 SSBs (e.g., wide beams). For example, WTRU 202 can monitor DL ​​synchronization when triggered by an SR 204 event. The SR 204 event may include data that WTRU 202 needs to transmit.

[0174] In 210, WTRU 202 can select an SSB DTX, for example, based on measurements. For example, WTRU can select a WUS feature associated with enabling SSB DTX.

[0175] In 212, WTRU 202 can select a resource associated with the best (e.g., selected) SSB DTX from the plurality of DTX SSBs 206. WTRU can transmit the WUS from Cell 212 using the resource associated with the selected SSB DTX. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 79 / 115 70 / 87 For example, WTRU 202 can transmit cell WUS 212 if and / or when (e.g., only if and / or when) the TAT has not expired. For example, WTRU 202 can transmit cell WUS 212 if and / or when the beam validity timer (e.g., or TAT) has expired.

[0176] In 214, WTRU 202 can start a WUS response timer and / or can monitor a WUS 216 response. For example, the WUS 216 response may include one or more of the following: a PUCCH feature and / or index(es) for one or more new SSBs (for example, new SSBs may include one or more of the following: non-DTX SSBs, SSBs that are different from and / or additional to DTX SSBs, one or more other SSBs that may have been activated and / or may be available now).

[0177] If the response from WUS 216 is received based on (e.g., before) the expiration of the response timer, WTRU 202 can monitor new SSBs (e.g., SSB beams). If the response from WUS 216 is received based on (e.g., before) the expiration of the response timer, WTRU 202 can select a new SSB (e.g., based on one or more measurements). If the response from WUS 216 is received based on (e.g., before) the expiration of the response timer, WTRU 202 can transmit a RACH preamble associated with a newly selected SSB. If the response from WUS 216 is received based on (e.g., before) the expiration of the response timer, WTRU 202 can receive (e.g., in RAR) the configuration information (e.g., PUCCH feature for SR) of the newly selected SSB. If the response from WUS 216 is received based on (for example, before) the response timer expires, WTRU 202 may transmit an SR 218 via the newly selected SSB. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 80 / 115 71 / 87

[0178] If the response from WUS 216 is not received and / or the response timer expires, WTRU 202 may retransmit the WUS indication(s) from cell 212 (for example, for N attempts before termination).

[0179] If the TAT has expired, WTRU 202 may transmit a RACH preamble to the cell associated with the selected SSB DTX. WTRU 202 may not send the Cell WUS when the TAT has expired.

[0180] If the beam validity timer (e.g., or TAT) has not expired and / or SR 218 is pending and / or an SR event occurs, for example, WTRU 202 can transmit SR 218 using the configured feature. If the beam validity timer (e.g., or TAT) has not expired and / or an SR is pending and / or an SR event occurs, for example, WTRU can receive the PUSCH feature for a BSR 222 on DCI 220. If the beam validity timer (e.g., or TAT) has not expired and / or SR 218 is pending and / or an SR event occurs, for example, WTRU 202 can transmit BSR 222 using the PUSCH feature.

[0181] Systems, methods and apparatus may be provided herein with respect to a WTRU that transmits a Cell WUS indication to awaken silenced SSBs when configured with an SSB silencing pattern.

[0182] In examples, the WTRU may determine whether to transmit a Cell WUS indication when a limited and / or reduced number of SSBs are received according to an SSB muting pattern, based on the DL synchronization achieved with the unmuted SSBs. Such modes may be applied by the WTRU upon detecting one or more triggering events / conditions associated with the transmission of the Cell UL and / or WUS indication (e.g., as described herein). Such modes may be applied when an SSB muting pattern is Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 81 / 115 72 / 87 applied by a cell operating in a NES state (e.g., DTX / DRX cell), in which one or more (e.g., only a subset of) SSBs are transmitted.

[0183] In examples, the WTRU may initiate monitoring of unmuted SSBs based on the configured SSB muting pattern upon detecting one or more triggering events / conditions (e.g., detection of an AR event and / or an SR event). The WTRU may perform one or more measurements on the detected and identified SSB beams during the monitoring of unmuted SSBs. The WTRU may determine that unmuted SSBs perform one or more measurements based on the configured SSB muting pattern. For example, the WTRU may perform one or more measurements on the partitions / occasions during which unmuted SSBs may be received and / or may skip the partitions / occasions associated with muted SSBs.

[0184] If the RSRP of one or more unmuted SSBs is above an RSRP threshold value, the WTRU may select an unmuted SSB based on the measurements and / or may transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected unmuted SSB for initial access and / or network connection establishment. Additionally or alternatively, if the RSRP of any of the unmuted SSBs is below a configured RSRP threshold value, the WTRU may select a first SSB among the unmuted SSBs based on the RSRP measurements (e.g., the WTRU may select an unmuted SSB with the highest measured RSRP as the first SSB).

[0185] WTRU can select one or more DTX SSBs based on measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP). For example, WTRU can select a DTX SSB (e.g., Beam SSB) if the RSRP of the Beam SSB DTX measured by WTRU is greater than a threshold RSRP value and / or the Beam SSB DTX RSRP has the highest measured RSRP among the detected set of DTX SSBs. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 82 / 115 73 / 87

[0186] In examples, the WTRU can transmit a Cell WUS indication. For example, when receiving network configuration information, the WTRU can (e.g., optionally) receive an indication and / or configuration information indicating that SSB muting is enabled. The SSB muting pattern ID can be received when SSB muting is enabled (e.g., in the same message associated with configuration information, cell activity indication, DCI, and / or MAC-CE).

[0187] In examples, the WTRU can transmit the Cell WUS indication to the network using a feature associated with the first SSB (e.g., selected unmuted SSB) when triggered by certain events / conditions. This Cell WUS indication can be transmitted using features and / or the spatial filter associated with the first SSB, for example.

[0188] This Cell WUS indication can be used to request network and / or provide network preference information in one or more of the following cases: initiate transmission of one or more muted SSBs (e.g., SSBs adjacent to the unmuted / first selected SSB), request change / suspension / disabling of the SSB muting pattern, and / or request transition to a non-NES state. This Cell WUS indication can be transmitted during a WUS occasion associated with the first SSB configured in the WTRU, for example. For example, the WTRU can be configured with one or more WUS occasions associated with muted / unmuted SSBs during which the WTRU can transmit the UL indication.If a WUS occasion pattern is not configured, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) the availability of an n-symbol / partition WUS occasion (e.g., n=1) based (e.g., after) on the reception of the last muted / unmuted SSB in an SSB burst, for example. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, page 83 / 115 74 / 87

[0189] In examples, the WTRU may receive a response indication from the network's WUS when transmitting the cell's WUS indication. The WUS response may be received via one or more resources associated with the first SSB (e.g., via the SSB / beam used by the WTRU to transmit the cell's WUS indication).

[0190] The WUS response indication may include one or more of the following: indication of new SSBs that may have been activated and / or may now be available (e.g., index(es) associated with one or more new SSBs, wherein the new SSBs may be previously muted SSBs associated with the SSB muting pattern and / or new SSBs outside the SSB muting pattern), indication of disabling SSB muting and / or the SSB muting pattern, indication of a new SSB muting pattern (e.g., pattern ID / index), indication of a new availability / NES state to which the cell may be transitioning, one or more PUSCH features (e.g., UL grant for RRC signaling / messaging and / or data transmission) and / or PUCCH features (e.g., for SR transmission, CSI-RS reporting, or HARQ feedback).

[0191] The WTRU can perform one or more actions based on (for example, after) receiving a response indication from the WUS. For example, the WTRU might monitor a set of one or more SSBs based on the information received in the WUS response indication. The set of SSBs monitored by the WTRU might include one or more of the following: newly activated / available SSBs, SSBs associated with the new muting pattern, and / or SSBs not muted in the previous SSB muting pattern, for example.

[0192] WTRU can select a second SSB (e.g., new SSB beam) from the monitored set of SSBs based on one or more measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP) and / or using a criterion associated with the measurements (e.g., RSRP measurements). Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 84 / 115 75 / 87 of the second SSB are above a threshold and / or are the highest among the detected SSBs). The WTRU can transmit the initial access Msg1 and / or Msg3 using the feature associated with the selected second SSB. For example, the WTRU can select a RACH preamble associated with the selected second SSB and / or transmit the preamble (e.g., Msg1). In examples, if the WUS response indication includes a UL grant, the WTRU can transmit Msg3 (e.g., RRC message) based on the selected second SSB (e.g., new beam).

[0193] In examples, the WTRU can be configured with an SSB muting pattern that can be aligned with the CSI-RS transmission. In examples, the WTRU can determine the presence / absence of the CSI-RS feature based on the presence / absence of an SSB and / or associated beam in the configured SSB muting pattern. The WTRU can skip one or more muted CSI-RS measurements based on the configured SSB muting pattern, for example. If the measured unmuted CSI-RS is below an RSRP threshold, the WTRU can transmit a Cell WUS indication to request activation of the muted CSI-RS and / or to request a change in the Cell DTX activity mode / configuration (e.g., Cell DTX default). The WTRU can monitor new CSI-RS features during a time / duration window associated with the WUS response based on (e.g., after) transmission of the Cell WUS indication.When performing measurements on detected SSBs / CSI-RS and / or selecting a beam, the WTRU can select a RACH preamble associated with the selected beam to transmit Msg1 during initial access, for example.

[0194] Figure 3 illustrates a system diagram 300 illustrating an example of a WTRU 302 that can be configured to achieve DL synchronization with unmuted SSBs 321 based on an SSB muting pattern 322. By Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 85 / 115 76 / 87 example, the SSB 322 silencing pattern may include muted SSBs 320 and unmuted SSBs 321. WTRU 302 may determine the transmission of a Cell WUS indication 308, for example, when triggered by an RA event 304. WTRU 302 may determine the transmission of the Cell WUS indication 308, using resources associated with an unmuted SSB (for example, one of the unmuted SSBs 321), if the unmuted SSBs 321 are unsuitable, for example. WTRU 302 can receive information about new SSBs 324 to be triggered and / or an update to the SSB 322 muting pattern, for example, in a response from WUS 310. WTRU 302 can select a new SSB from the new SSBs 324, indicated in the WUS 310 response, to transmit a random access message (for example, the RACH preamble (Msg1)).For example, WTRU 302 can transmit an initial access message using one or more RACH features associated with the newly selected SSB from the new 324 SSBs.

[0195] In the examples, the WTRU 302 can perform one or more of the following.

[0196] The WTRU 302 can receive configuration information. Configuration information may include one or more of the following: Configuration information may include an SSB muting pattern (e.g., periodicity, initial deviation of the SSB burst, number of SSBs per burst). For example, an SSB muting pattern may include 8 unmuted SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 20 ms or 4 unmuted SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 40 ms. For example, an SSB muting pattern may indicate which SSBs (e.g., which SSB indices) are muted (or unmuted) in one or more (e.g., each) burst(s), where the available (e.g., unmuted) SSBs in consecutive bursts may be the same or different. For example, the pattern of Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 86 / 115 77 / 87 SSB muting can indicate which SSBs are muted or unmuted in each of a plurality of SSB bursts. The unmuted SSBs in consecutive bursts can be the same. The SSB muting pattern can be a pattern from a set of configured patterns and / or can be indicated by a pattern ID and / or index. Configuration information can include one or more Cell WUS features (e.g., mapping between unmuted SSBs and WUS features). Configuration information can include an RSRP threshold.

[0197] WTRU 302 may receive an indication and / or configuration information indicating that SSB muting is enabled. For example, WTRU 302 may receive an SSB muting pattern ID. The SSB muting pattern ID may be received when SSB muting is enabled (e.g., in the same message, DCI and / or MAC-CE).

[0198] In 306, the WTRU 302 can perform one or more measurements on the available unmuted 321 SSBs within the 322 SSB muting pattern, for example, when triggered by an event (e.g., desire / need to connect, resume a connection, and / or transmit data). The triggering event can include the RA 304 event. For example, the WTRU 302 can measure a first set of unmuted 321 SSBs associated with the 322 SSB muting pattern. The WTRU 302 can be configured to trigger the measurement of the first set of unmuted 321 SSBs based on the RA 304 event.

[0199] WTRU 302 may determine that one or more measurements from each of the first sets of unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold. If one or more RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP threshold, for example, WTRU 302 may select a first SSB from among the unmuted SSBs 321 (e.g., based on one or more measurements). If one or Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 87 / 115 If 78 / 87 more RSRP measurements from the unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold, for example, WTRU 302 can transmit (e.g., send) a Cell 308 WUS (e.g., Cell WUS indication). For example, WTRU 302 can send the Cell 308 WUS indication based on the determination that the measurements from each of the first sets of unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold. WTRU 302 can send the Cell 308 WUS indication using one or more features associated with the selected unmuted SSB. For example, the WUS indication from cell 308 can be sent using resources associated with an SSB from the first set of unmuted SSBs 321. For example, the WUS indication from Cell 308 can aim to wake up one or more (e.g., some) muted SSBs (e.g., adjacent to the selected unmuted SSB), for example, as muted SSBs 320.

[0200] WTRU 302 can receive a response from WUS 310. The response from WUS 310 can be received after sending the WUS indication from cell 308. On 312, WTRU 302 can monitor SSBs 324 based on the information in the response from WUS 310 (e.g., new SSBs, new muting pattern, etc.). WTRU 302 can measure the second set of unmuted SSBs (e.g., SSBs 324). For example, if one or more RSRP measurements of unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold, WTRU 302 can receive the response from WUS 310 via one or more features associated with the selected unmuted SSB. The WUS 310 response may include one or more of the following: an index for SSBs (e.g., other SSBs that may have been enabled and / or may be available now), a mute disable indication, a UL grant, a NES status ID, a new mute pattern (e.g., pattern ID).The response from WUS 310 may indicate a second set of unmuted SSBs (for example, as SSBs 324). Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 88 / 115 79 / 87 The indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs may include one or more indications of one or more newly available SSBs and / or a second SSB muting pattern. If one or more RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold, WTRU 302 may monitor the SSBs based on the information in the WUS 310 response (e.g., new SSBs available, new muting pattern). If one or more RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold, for example, WTRU 302 may select a second SSB (e.g., a new beam) from the monitored SSBs 324 (e.g., based on one or more measurements). For example, the selected SSB may be associated with a measured RSRP that is a higher RSRP associated with the second set of SSBs 324.If one or more RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSBs 321 are below the RSRP threshold, WTRU 302 may transmit a random access message 314 (e.g., a RACH Msg1 and / or Msg3) based on (e.g., using a feature associated with) the second selected SSB (e.g., new beam). For example, WTRU 302 may select a RACH preamble associated with the second selected SSB (e.g., new beam, best SSB) and / or may transmit the random access message 314, e.g., preamble (e.g., Msg1). The random access message may be associated with initial access and the establishment of a network connection (e.g., as described herein). The WTRU 302 can select an SSB from the second set of un-silenced SSBs 324 based on measurements from the second set of un-silenced SSBs 324. The selected SSB can be for random access message transmission 314 (e.g., a RACH preamble).If the response from WUS 310 includes a UL grant, WTRU 302 can transmit random access message 314 (e.g., an RRC message such as Msg3) based on the second selected SSB (e.g.,...). Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 89 / 115 80 / 87 new beam). For example, WTRU 302 can transmit an initial access message using one or more RACH features associated with the selected SSB. WTRU 302 can receive a random access message 316 (e.g., Msg2 / B).

[0201] Figure 4 illustrates an example of expanding an SSB 400 muting pattern. The SSB 400 muting pattern can indicate which SSBs (e.g., SSB indices) are muted or unmuted in each of a plurality of SSB 410, 420, 430 bursts. In examples, the muted or unmuted SSBs in each of a plurality of SSB bursts can be identified based on the indices / IDs associated with the respective muted or unmuted SSBs. For example, a first burst of SSB 410 might include a plurality of muted SSBs 412 and a plurality of unmuted SSBs 414. The muted SSBs 412 and the unmuted SSBs 414 might be in a pattern (e.g., the 400 SSB muting pattern). A second burst of SSB 420 might include a plurality of muted SSBs 422 and a plurality of unmuted SSBs 424.Muted SSBs 422 and unmuted SSBs 424 may be in a pattern (e.g., the 400 SSB muting pattern). A third burst of 430 SSBs may include a plurality of muted SSBs 432 and a plurality of unmuted SSBs 434. Muted SSBs 432 and unmuted SSBs 434 may be in a pattern (e.g., the 400 SSB muting pattern). Although the unmuted SSBs 414, 424, 434 in consecutive bursts of SSB 410, 420, 430 are the same, it should be understood that the unmuted SSBs 414, 424, 434 in consecutive bursts of 410, 420, 430 may be different.

[0202] Systems, methods and apparatus are provided herein with respect to a WTRU that can transmit a Cell WUS indication to request a change to an SSB muting pattern. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 90 / 115 81 / 87

[0203] In examples, the WTRU may determine the transmission of a Cell WUS indication to request the alteration of an existing SSB muting pattern and / or to activate a new SSB muting pattern (e.g., based on DL synchronization achieved with unmuted SSBs). One or more modes may be applied when an SSB muting pattern is applied by a cell operating in a NES state (e.g., cell DTX) where (e.g., only) a subset and / or limited number of SSBs are transmitted. One or more modes may be applied by the WTRU when determining that a configured and / or activated SSB muting pattern is considered inadequate, for example.

[0204] In examples, the WTRU may receive configuration information via one or more of the following: SIB, RRC signaling, cell activity indication and / or DCI and / or MAC CE. The configuration information may include one or more of the following: The configuration information may include a set of two or more SSB muting patterns. The SSB muting pattern configuration may include, for example, for one or more (e.g., each) pattern(s), the number of SSBs per burst, periodicity per burst, and / or which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) burst(s). For example, one SSB muting pattern may include 8 SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 20 ms (e.g., an SSB burst may be received by the WTRU every 20 ms) and / or another SSB muting pattern may include 4 SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 40 ms.The configuration information may include an indication that a first SSB muting pattern from the set of SSB muting patterns is enabled. The configuration information may include an RSRP limit. The configuration information may include one or more delay limit values. For example, a limit value of... Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 91 / 115 82 / 87 delay may be associated with the delay for monitoring, measuring and / or selecting one or more SSBs / beams. The delay limit may be applied when determining whether an SSB muting pattern is adequate and / or can be changed.

[0205] In examples, the WTRU can monitor unmuted SSBs according to a first SSB silencing pattern configured upon detecting one or more trigger events / conditions (e.g., detection of an AR event). The WTRU can perform one or more measurements on one or more detected unmuted SSBs (e.g., SSB beams) in the first SSB silencing pattern. The WTRU can select an unmuted SSB based on RSRP measurements (e.g., the WTRU can select an unmuted SSB with assault RSRP).

[0206] If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSBs is above an RRSP threshold value, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected unmuted SSB for initial access and / or network connection establishment. For example, the WTRU may transmit an initial access message using one or more RACH resources associated with the selected SSB. Additionally or alternatively, if the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSBs is less than an RRSP threshold value, the WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on one or more of the following. The WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on the number of SSBs per burst in one or more (e.g., each) SSB muting patterns.For example, the WTRU may determine a second SSB silencing pattern that may have a certain number of SSBs per burst that is above a threshold value and / or is greater than the number of SSBs per burst in the first SSB silencing pattern. The WTRU may determine a second SSB silencing pattern based on the periodicity associated with one or more (e.g., each) SSB silencing patterns. For example, the WTRU. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 92 / 115 83 / 87 may determine a second SSB muting pattern that may have an SSB burst periodicity that is above or below a threshold value and / or greater than the periodicity of the first SSB muting pattern. WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) SSB muting patterns. For example, WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern that may have a certain set of SSBs and / or SSB density that may not be available in the first SSB muting pattern. WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on the time until the next burst of the activated SSB muting pattern.For example, WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on whether the time and / or delay to the next SSB burst in the first SSB muting pattern is greater than a delay threshold and / or the time and / or delay to the next SSB burst in the second SSB muting pattern is less than another delay threshold.

[0207] In examples, the WTRU can transmit the Cell WUS indication to the network when determining a second SSB muting pattern. This Cell WUS indication can be transmitted by the WTRU using one or more features and / or the spatial filter associated with the selected non-muted SSB, for example. This Cell WUS indication can be used to request the network and / or provide preference information to the network in one or more of the following: request to change / disable the first SSB muting pattern, request to activate the second SSB muting pattern (e.g., ID / index associated with the second SSB muting pattern), and / or request to transition to a non-NES state. This Cell WUS indication can be transmitted during a WUS occasion associated with the non-muted SSB configured in the WTRU, for example. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 93 / 115 84 / 87

[0208] In examples, the WTRU may receive a WUS response from the network when transmitting the Cell WUS indication. The WTRU may start a WUS response timer of m symbols / partitions (e.g., m = 1) based on (e.g., after) transmitting the Cell WUS indication during a WUS occasion. The WTRU may monitor a WUS response indication while the WUS response timer is running, for example. The WUS response may be received on a specific WTRU signaling and / or common group signaling, for example. The WUS response may be received via one or more resources associated with the unmuted SSB (e.g., via the SSB / beam used by the WTRU to transmit the Cell WUS indication).

[0209] The WUS response indication may include one or more of the following: indication of activation of the second SSB muting pattern and / or another / third SSB muting pattern (e.g., pattern ID / index), indication of new SSBs in the first and / or second SSB muting pattern that may have been activated and / or may now be available (e.g., index(es) associated with one or more new SSBs), and / or indication of disabling the first SSB muting pattern.

[0210] In examples, the WTRU may monitor a set of one or more unmuted SSBs in the second SSB muting pattern and / or third SSB muting pattern, based on information received in the WUS response indication. The WTRU may perform one or more measurements on one or more unmuted SSBs. The WTRU may (e.g., then) select an unmuted SSB (e.g., new beam SSB) in the second and / or third SSB muting pattern based on one or more measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP) and / or using a criterion associated with one or more measurements (e.g., RSRP measurements of the unmuted SSB). Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 94 / 115 Selected 85 / 87 muted frequencies are above a threshold and / or are the highest among the unmuted SSBs detected in the second and / or third SSB muting pattern.

[0211] The WTRU can transmit initial access Msg1 and / or Msg3 using the resource associated with the selected unmuted SSB. For example, the WTRU can select a RACH preamble associated with the selected unmuted SSB and / or can transmit the preamble (e.g., Msg1). In examples, if the WUS response indication includes a UL grant, the WTRU can transmit Msg3 (e.g., RRC message) based on the selected unmuted SSB. For example, the WTRU can transmit an initial access message using one or more RACH resources associated with the selected unmuted SSB.

[0212] In the examples, WTRU can perform one or more of the following.

[0213] The WTRU can receive configuration information. The configuration information may include a set of two or more SSB muting patterns. The SSB muting pattern configuration may include, for example, for one or more (e.g., each) patterns, the number of SSBs per burst, the periodicity per burst, and / or which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) bursts. For example, one SSB muting pattern may include 8 SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 20 ms, and / or another SSB muting pattern may include 4 SSBs per burst with a periodicity of 40 ms. The configuration information may include an indication that a first SSB muting pattern from the set of SSB muting patterns is activated. The configuration information may include an RSRP limit. The configuration information may include one or more delay limit values. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 95 / 115 86 / 87

[0214] A WTRU can perform one or more measurements on one or more unmuted SSBs based on the first (e.g., activated) SSB muting pattern, for example, when triggered by an RA event.

[0215] WTRU can select an unmuted SSB based on one or more measurements (e.g., unmuted SSB with the highest RSRP).

[0216] If the RSRP of the selected non-muted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on one or more of the following. The WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on the number of SSBs per burst in one or more (e.g., each) SSB muting patterns. The WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on the periodicity associated with one or more (e.g., each) SSB muting patterns. The WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on which SSBs are transmitted in one or more (e.g., each) bursts in one or more (e.g., each) muting patterns. The WTRU may determine a second SSB muting pattern based on the time until the next burst of the activated SSB muting pattern (e.g., if the time until the next burst is greater than a delay threshold).If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a Cell WUS. The Cell WUS may indicate a request to activate the second SSB muting pattern. If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may receive a WUS response. The WUS response may indicate the activation of the second SSB muting pattern and / or another SSB muting pattern (e.g., SSB muting pattern ID activated). If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may perform one or more measurements on one or more devices. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 96 / 115 87 / 87 plus unmuted SSBs based on the second SSB muting pattern and / or other SSB muting pattern indicated by the WUS response. If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may select an unmuted SSB (e.g., based on one or more measurements). If the RSRP of the selected unmuted SSB is less than the RSRP threshold, the WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble associated with the selected SSB. For example, the WTRU may transmit an initial access message using one or more RACH features associated with the selected SSB.

[0217] Although attributes and elements are described above in particular combinations, one skilled in the art will appreciate that each attribute or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other attributes and elements. Furthermore, the methods described herein can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware embedded in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted by wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROMs and digital versatile discs (DVDs).A processor, in conjunction with software, can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pages 97 / 115

Claims

1 / 4 CLAIMS 1. Wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a processor configured to: receive configuration information comprising one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) silencing patterns, one or more cell wake-up signal (WUS) features, or a reference signal received power limit (RSRP); measure a first set of unmuted SSBs associated with the SSB silencing pattern; determine that the measurements of each of the first sets of unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP limit; send a WUS indication to the cell based on the determination that the measurements of each of the first sets of unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP limit; receive a response from the WUS indicating a second set of unmuted SSBs; measure the second set of unmuted SSBs;Select an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs based on measurements from the second set of unmuted SSBs; and transmit an initial access message using one or more Random Access Channel (RACH) features associated with the selected SSB.

2. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the first set of unmuted SSBs or the second set of unmuted SSBs are transmitted in a non-uniform pattern, and wherein the SSB muting pattern comprises one or more of: periodicity, initial deviation of an SSB burst, or number of SSBs per burst.

3. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, pp. 112 / 115 2 / 4, the cell's WUS resources comprise a mapping associated with unsilenced SSBs and WUS resources.

4. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the SSB muting pattern indicates which SSBs are muted or unmuted in each of a plurality of SSB bursts, and in that the unmuted SSBs in consecutive bursts are the same.

5. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the WUS response is received after the WUS indication is sent from the cell.

6. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the processor is configured to trigger the measurement of the first set of unmuted SSBs based on a random access (RA) event.

7. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the WUS indication of the cell is sent using resources associated with an SSB from the first set of unmuted SSBs.

8. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the selected SSB is associated with a measured RSRP that is the highest RSRP associated with the second set of SSBs.

9. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the initial access message is sent based on the selected SSB, wherein the initial access message is associated with the initial access and the establishment of a connection to the network.

10. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs comprises one or more indications of one or more newly available SSBs or a second SSB muting pattern.

11. Method performed by a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU), the method, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: receiving configuration information, the configuration comprising one or more of the following: a synchronization signal block silencing pattern (SSB), one or more cell wake-up signal (WUS) features, or a reference signal received power limit (RSRP); measuring a first set of unmuted SSBs associated with the SSB silencing pattern; determining that one or more measurements of each of the first set of unmuted SSBs are below the RSRP limit; sending a cell WUS indication based on the determination that one or more measurements are below the RSRP limit; receiving a WUS response indicating a second set of unmuted SSBs; Measure the second set of unmuted SSBs;Select an SSB from the second set of unmuted SSBs based on measurements from the second set of unmuted SSBs, where the SSB is selected for transmission of a Random Access Channel (RACH) preamble; and transmit an initial access message using one or more Random Access Channel (RACH) features associated with the selected SSB.

12. Method according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that the first set of unmuted SSBs or the second set of unmuted SSBs are transmitted in a non-uniform pattern, and wherein the SSB muting pattern comprises one or more of the following: periodicity, initial deviation of an SSB burst, or number of SSBs per burst.

13. Method, according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that the cell's WUS resources comprise the mapping associated with unsilenced SSBs and WUS resources.

14. Method, according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that the SSB silencing pattern indicates which SSBs are silenced or not silenced in each SSB burst, and in that the SSBs not silenced in consecutive bursts are the same.

15. Method, according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that the WUS response is received after the WUS indication is sent from the cell.

16. Method, according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that the measurement of the first set of unmuted SSBs is triggered by a random access (RA) event.

17. Method, according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that the WUS indication of the cell is sent using resources associated with an SSB from the first set of unmuted SSBs.

18. Method, according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that the selected SSB is associated with a measured RSRP that is the highest RSRP of the second set of SSBs.

19. Method, according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that the initial access message is sent based on the selected SSB, CHARACTERIZED in that the initial access message is associated with an initial access and establishment of a connection to the network.

20. Method according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that the indication of the second set of unmuted SSBs comprises one or more indications of one or more newly available SSBs or a second SSB muting pattern. Petition 870250070844, dated 12 / 08 / 2025, p. 115 / 115

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