Natural skin care compositions and methods for treating oxidative stress and restoring skin health

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a composition intended for application to human skin afflicted with oxidative stress, said composition comprising: (1) a mixture of at least: (a) a leaf extract of Luma betulina; (b) a leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (c) a leaf extract of Eugenia zippeliana; (d) optionally, a bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides; (e) optionally, a blend of extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana, Caesalpinia brasiliensis, and Crinum asiaticum; and (f) at least one humectant; (2) an emulsifier; and (3) a dermatologically acceptable vehicle, wherein (a)-(f) are employed in amounts sufficient to synergistically neutralize pre-existing free radicals present in the skin, while actively priming the skin so as to enhance its ability to protect itself from free radical attack, thereby helping to enhance its health and appearance, and wherein the composition is natural and free of a skin sensitizing effective amount of essential oils.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to compositions and methods for treating skin suffering from oxidative stress. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the use of specific combinations of plant extracts and preservative systems to achieve compositions and methods that enhance the antioxidant defense potential, hydration, and barrier function of skin suffering from oxidative stress. Background Art

[0002] Skin is damaged by many external (environmental) and internal factors. Examples of external factors include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted by the sun, and harmful chemicals found in atmospheric pollution, such as smog and cigarette smoke. Internal factors that negatively affect the skin include, for example, chronological aging, a person's genetic makeup, and other biological changes occurring within the skin. These factors cause the skin to experience harmful cellular effects associated with oxidative stress caused by harmful free radicals in the skin. One of the most common free radicals is reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are essentially unstable oxygen molecules.

[0003] Many people intentionally expose their skin to harmful UV radiation by sunbathing or using tanning beds in an attempt to achieve a tan, which many consider a sign of beauty and affluence. Unfortunately, while the immediate effects of UV radiation may be considered aesthetically and socially desirable, the long-term harms, including the risk of oxidative stress, are cumulative and can be quite serious, as evidenced by the size of the global sunscreen market. This market has grown significantly in recent years, with many new products launched annually. What was once considered a seasonal business is now considered a year-round concern. Sunscreen actives intended to absorb and / or reflect harmful UV rays are now included in a wide variety of personal products, particularly cosmetics intended for daily wear.

[0004] Exposure to UV light is known to trigger the formation of free radicals in the skin. The primary short-term hazard of long-term sun exposure is erythema, or sunburn. UV rays with wavelengths between 290 and 320 nanometers (known as the UVB wavelength range) are often responsible for erythema. While UV rays in the UVA range (320-400 nm) are also known to cause erythema, these wavelengths play a significant role in premature skin aging, commonly known as photoaging, because they penetrate deeper into the skin and cause deeper free radical formation.

[0005] As explained in this article, free radicals steal energy from healthy cells in the skin, causing oxidative stress. This, in turn, activates enzymes in the skin that break down collagen and damage the cells' DNA, leading to sun damage and premature aging. Photoaging is characterized by wrinkling and yellowing of the skin, as well as other physical changes such as cracking, telangiectasias (spider blood vessels), actinic keratoses (growths), ecchymoses (bleeding lesions under the skin), and loss of elasticity (sagging).

[0006] Regarding other environmental aging factors, such as air pollution from smog and cigarette smoke, the chemicals present are either free radicals themselves, such as nitrogen dioxide, or have the ability to drive free radical formation. These free radicals, when present in a biological environment (such as the skin), cause electrons to flow from one molecule to another. The importance of this process lies in the reactivity of the molecules involved.

[0007] Under normal conditions, electrons orbit atoms in pairs with opposite spins. When an atom has a single, unpaired electron, its reactivity increases dramatically, and it becomes known as a free radical. In a biological environment, free radicals can be extremely dangerous because they can react indiscriminately with neighboring molecules (such as proteins and DNA) and vital cellular structures (such as cell membranes). This electron-stealing process leads to oxidation. If these reactions are numerous, they can cause extensive cellular damage. The extent of this damage depends on the availability of neutralizing antioxidant cellular defenses, as these specialized molecules preferentially react with free radicals, thereby neutralizing them.

[0008] These cellular defense mechanisms play a physiological role similar to that of antioxidants by scavenging free radicals or enzymatically converting them into less toxic chemicals, helping to reduce the amount of damage that free radicals and radical reactive species can cause to the skin. However, the body's antioxidant defense system can become weakened by the aging process and / or impaired by conditions such as inflammation / erythema, infection, and other conditions characterized by oxidative stress.

[0009] Oxidative stress has also been found to negatively impact the skin's water homeostasis (i.e., the skin's ability to maintain a constant level of hydration). Keeping the skin nourished to help offset the damage caused by oxidative stress is important for the skin's health and appearance. Dry skin is a particularly common disorder that affects both men and women equally and is particularly prevalent in the elderly and those who are genetically predisposed to the condition. People with dry skin complain of flaking, itching, irritation, and an overall dull, rough, and lackluster appearance of their skin.

[0010] Furthermore, as people age, their skin tends to produce less of the natural oils that help prevent moisture from escaping from the skin, thus dehydrating the skin. As a person's skin ages, the disruption of water homeostasis occurs early. This is because the expression of aquaporin-3, one of the proteins that regulates water flow at the cellular level, decreases as a person ages. Dehydrated skin cannot rid itself of toxins, leading to irritation and inflammation. Thus, by maintaining good hydration of the skin's surface layers, the epidermis and stratum corneum, one can significantly enhance the effectiveness of endogenous antioxidant molecules, as discussed below, as well as cosmetics that exhibit antioxidant properties, to help mitigate oxidative stress. In particular, properly hydrated skin slows the aging process by helping to maintain the skin's elasticity.

[0011] The skin itself has a robust antioxidant defense mechanism to prevent and protect against UV-induced oxidative stress. This is achieved via endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and other molecules such as glutathione (GSH), which can reduce the formation of ROS before oxidative changes occur in the tissue. The combination of SOD and catalase completely scavenges ROS initiated by superoxide ions. Unfortunately, prolonged UV exposure prevents the skin's antioxidants (e.g., SOD, catalase, etc.) from continuously performing these functions, inevitably leading to oxidative damage to the tissue and unrelieved ROS formation. Eventually, severe skin conditions such as photoaging and skin cancer can occur.

[0012] Another important defense against oxidative stress is the barrier function of the skin. The term "barrier function" refers to the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, which is responsible for holding in moisture and keeping out harmful elements such as UV light and free radicals. When the barrier function of the skin is working properly, the skin is tight, plump, and hydrated. However, when the barrier function is compromised, so is the health of the skin.

[0013] The stratum corneum is the primary line of defense between the individual and the outside world, preventing environmental chemicals and biological irritants from penetrating the skin. For example, free radicals, bacteria, other microorganisms, allergens, toxic chemicals, UV light, and the like are blocked from penetrating into the skin by the stratum corneum.

[0014] While protection from external attacks is a very important function that the stratum corneum serves, an even more important function is the prevention of moisture loss. The stratum corneum is made up of a stack of flat cells or "keratinocytes," each of which is wrapped in a thick layer of fat. If the stratum corneum is compared to a brick wall, then the stack of cells are the bricks, and the fat matrix that wraps them is the mortar. Together, they form a barrier that keeps the skin's moisture inside, allowing the skin to remain tight, hydrated, elastic, and less prone to wrinkling.

[0015] Despite its importance, the barrier formed by the stratum corneum is quite fragile and tends to thin with age. Furthermore, any attack on the stratum corneum, whether external or through loss of cellular water, results in sensitive, dehydrated skin that is susceptible to environmental damage, dryness, irritation, breakouts, sagging, and other signs of aging. When skin is dry, it is easier for irritants and allergens to penetrate, which can trigger inflammation that can lead to rosacea, acne, eczema, and premature aging.

[0016] From the above, it's clear that in order to effectively treat skin already suffering from oxidative stress and prevent additional oxidative stress, at least three issues must be addressed. First, any free radicals currently present in the skin need to be neutralized to end any existing oxidative stress the skin is experiencing. Second, the skin needs to be rehydrated to replace any water / moisture lost due to oxidative stress caused by free radicals present in the skin before they were neutralized. Finally, the skin's barrier function needs to be repaired to help protect the skin from further attack by free radicals from both external and internal factors.

[0017] Therefore, there is a need for skin care compositions and methods that treat or address oxidative stress and restore skin health by neutralizing free radicals in the skin, rehydrating the skin, and repairing the skin's barrier function.

[0018] There's no shortage of conventional cosmetics on the market that purport to enhance the health and appearance of the skin by combating the negative effects associated with external and internal factors. However, the cosmetics industry has recently embraced a subcategory of products considered organic / natural, and consumers are currently trending towards these types of merchandise. These products are perceived to offer health and environmental benefits. Consumers also prefer products that are paraben-free, phthalate-free, sulfate-free, silicone-free, synthetic fragrance-free, alcohol-free, phenoxyethanol-free, or non-toxic. This category of organic / natural products has become one of the fastest-growing segments in the global personal care and cosmetics sector.

[0019] In response to the industry's prominent demand for products that meet certain thresholds for "natural" and "organic" ingredients, coupled with the lack of official standards for what qualifies as "natural" and "organic," preservative formulations have become a cottage industry, with consumers favoring products containing natural extracts, botanicals, or other ingredients derived from natural sources, while avoiding those with ingredients known to cause or suspected of causing adverse health reactions. Unfortunately, this ad hoc approach and the fragmentation of knowledge and experience in producing effective preservative formulations have led to many ineffective solutions that often result in a weakened shelf life and usability of the associated cosmetic consumer products.

[0020] Various third-party certifications have been established in an attempt to bring consistency and accountability to the use of natural and organic preservatives in topical consumer products. For example, is a Europe-based organic certification body that conducts inspections in over 80 countries, making it one of the largest organic certification bodies in the world. It primarily certifies food and food products, but also certifies cosmetics, detergents, perfumes and textiles, and is the leading certification body for Fairtrade food, cosmetics and textiles.

[0021] Another example is the Cosmetic Organic Standard (COSMOS), a Europe-wide private standard developed by five founding members: BDIH (Germany), Cosmebio (France), Ecocert Greenlife SAS (France), ICEA (Italy) and the Soil Association (Great Britain). They have all merged under AISBL (an international non-profit organization based in Brussels) whose purpose is to develop minimum common requirements, harmonize the rules for organic and natural cosmetics certification, and lobby institutions for the interests of the industry. COSMOS uses The principles in the standard: promote the use of ingredients from organic farming, use production and manufacturing processes that are environmentally friendly and safe for human health, and include and expand the concept of "green chemistry".

[0022] The National Organic Program (NOP) is the federal regulatory framework governing organic food in the United States and serves as another certification. The NOP's core mission is to protect the integrity of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic seal, which is used for products that meet USDA standards and contain at least 95% organic ingredients.

[0023] As a result, the industry has increased its efforts to develop “natural” cosmetic formulations using non-synthetic ingredients. This approach differs from synthetic ingredient-based approaches, which allow the cosmetic industry to develop cosmetics with consistent product integrity, performance, and shelf life through the use of harsh, irritating synthetic ingredients such as phenoxyethanol.

[0024] Therefore, there is a need for skin care compositions and methods for treating or addressing oxidative stress and restoring skin health that are natural and free of harsh, irritating, synthetic ingredients while providing effective broad spectrum preservative protection and promoting or cooperating ingredients for treating oxidative stress.

[0025] In general, the use of plant extracts on the skin is known. However, based on the sheer number of plant extract candidates alone, and the extraction techniques and solvents that can be used, an almost infinite number of products can be formulated without guaranteeing that the resulting composition will be both stable and suitable for the intended purpose. Thus, as discovered by the present inventors, the ability to formulate a natural, effective, and stable skin treatment product in the absence of skin sensitizing ingredients is a formidable challenge. It is not possible to simply combine a mixture of any plant extract, at any concentration, with any auxiliary ingredient, excipient, solvent, and amount of each, and expect that all the different ingredients contained therein will be compatible with each other, and yield the expected benefits and properties.

[0026] For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,933,177 discloses the use of certain plant ingredients for application to the skin. However, this reference does not have any specific teachings or suggestions regarding the precise association of ingredients, extraction techniques and solvents to be used, and which types of ingredients should be avoided in order to formulate an effective natural product that can enhance the health and appearance of the skin.

[0027] Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 7,678,768; GB 2485483; WO 2006 / 032091; WO 2012 / 033422; WO 2013 / 149323; and WO 2019 / 002714 all disclose plant ingredients for application to the skin for a wide variety of potential uses. However, it is not only these references that disclose a small sample size of puzzle piece candidates for the formulator to use, but when one also considers the amount of each ingredient that can be used therein, along with all the other variables that must be considered when formulating with plant extracts, it is indeed an inadequate statement to say that successfully reaching the target product is like finding a needle in a haystack.

[0028] One of the major obstacles associated with the use of plant ingredients in skin care compositions relates to their relative instability in the product, as evidenced by loss of potency, odor deviation, and color change. These negative attributes increase the risk of microbial contamination and proliferation, instability, and safety of the product. This problem becomes even more acute when the composition must qualify as “natural.” Eliminating from the formulator’s toolbox the conventionally used synthetic, inorganic, and / or petroleum-derived ingredients severely hinders their ability to make an effective yet stable skin treatment product. One can argue that a skilled formulator in the art can determine through routine experimentation which plant extracts, auxiliary ingredients, excipients, solvents, and amounts of each can be combined to yield the intended product. However, as noted above, given the absolute number of combination permutations that exist, based on the number of ingredients that can be selected, the successful formulation of such a product is more based on luck and serendipity, as opposed to routine experimentation.

[0029] Based on the foregoing, the purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide natural, organic and Approved skin care compositions and methods that are effective in treating and priming skin suffering from oxidative stress.

[0030] Another object of the presently disclosed embodiments is to provide natural, organic and Approved compositions and methods that actively prime the skin and enhance its own defenses against free radical attack.

[0031] It is another object of embodiments of the present disclosure to provide skin care compositions and methods that provide effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity using natural ingredients while treating or addressing oxidative stress and / or pre-excited skin from free radical attack. Summary of the Invention

[0032] The present disclosure relates to a composition intended for application to human skin, the composition comprising: (1) a mixture of at least: (a) a leaf extract of Aristotelia chilensis; (b) a leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (c) a leaf extract of Ugni molinae; and (d) optionally, a bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides; (e) optionally, a bark / seed extract of Pfaffia paniculata, Ptychopetalum olacoides, and Lilium candidum. candidum) extract; and (f) at least one humectant; (2) an emulsifier; and (3) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a)-(f) are employed in amounts sufficient to synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively priming the skin to enhance its own defenses against free radical attack, thereby improving its health and appearance, and wherein the composition is natural.

[0033] According to another embodiment, the present disclosure is also directed to a composition intended for application to the skin, comprising: (1) a preservative system; (2) a mixture of at least: (a) a leaf extract of Aralia dasyphylla; (b) a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; and (c) a leaf extract of Aralia dasyphylla; and (d) optionally, a bark / seed extract of Echeveria oleracea; (e) optionally, a blend of Amaranthus serrata, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts; and (f) at least one humectant; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a)-(f) are employed in amounts sufficient to synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively primed to enhance the skin's ability to defend itself against future free radical attack, thereby improving its health and appearance, and wherein the composition is natural, does not contain skin-sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0034] The present disclosure also relates to a method of treating and pre-stressing skin suffering from or at risk of suffering from oxidative stress to enhance its health and appearance by applying to the skin one of the compositions disclosed above.

[0035] According to another embodiment, the present disclosure is also directed to a method of actively priming the skin and enhancing its own ability to defend itself against future free radical attacks.

[0036] According to yet another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a natural preservative system that cooperates with skin care compositions and methods for treating or addressing oxidative stress. The preservative system can be a preservative system as discussed in co-pending application 16 / 669,045, filed October 30, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0037] According to yet another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a skin care composition intended for application to the skin as a sunscreen or sunblock product.

[0038] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of this disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to describe the manner in which the above-described and other advantages and features of the present disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description of the present disclosure, which has been briefly described above, will be presented by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the present disclosure and, therefore, should not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0040] The present disclosure will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0041] Figure 1 The level of superoxide dismutase activity in response to different compositions comprising components of embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0042] Figure 2 The level of superoxide dismutase activity in response to different compositions comprising components of embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0043] Figure 3 The transmission spectrum of components of embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0044] Figure 4 The results of microbial challenge assays using exemplary all-natural preservative systems in compositions according to embodiments of the present disclosure are shown.

[0045] Figure 5 The results of microbial challenge assays using exemplary all-natural preservative systems in compositions according to another embodiment of the present disclosure are shown.

[0046] Figure 6 The results of microbial challenge assays using exemplary all-natural preservative systems in compositions according to another embodiment of the present disclosure are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] For the purposes of the present disclosure, the use of the word “natural” is intended to encompass terms synonymous with “green,” “clean,” “organic,” “sustainable,” “eco-friendly,” or “environmentally friendly” as known and used in the art approved ingredients or formulations. For example, the term “natural” can be used in the context of holistic or homeopathic formulations and is intended to include those plant-based, paraben-free, and / or non-toxic topical consumer products and / or preservative systems.

[0048] Further, when used in the context of antimicrobial properties of a preservative or preservative system, the term “broad spectrum” is intended to describe those preservatives or preservative systems of the present disclosure that have the ability to inhibit the growth of or kill a variety of microorganisms that spoil or deteriorate topical consumer products. By way of example, a “broad spectrum” preservative system inhibits the growth of or kills a variety of bacteria and fungi, preferably a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, molds, and / or other fungi.

[0049] The compositions of the present disclosure can include, consist essentially of, or consist of the components of the present disclosure, as well as other ingredients described herein. As used herein, the term "include," "includes," and "including" is intended to mean the inclusion of various optional, compatible components, ingredients, excipients, uses, or the like, not by way of limitation, to the compositions and preservative systems of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specifically noted. As used herein, the term "consisting essentially of means that the composition or method can include additional ingredients, but only if the additional ingredients do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition or method.

[0050] As used herein, the words "preferred" and "preferably" mean that under certain circumstances, embodiments of the present disclosure provide certain benefits. However, other embodiments can also be preferred under the same or other circumstances. Additionally, recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, and is not intended to exclude those other embodiments from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0051] Numerical ranges as used herein are intended to include every number and subset of numbers

[0052] All percentages, parts, ratios, and fractions, as used herein, are by weight of the total composition, unless otherwise specified. All such weights are based on the active level and do not include carriers or by-products that can be included in commercially useful form.

[0053] All references, articles, publications, patents, patent publications, and other references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes to the extent consistent with the disclosure herein.

[0054] All publications, articles, papers, patents, patent publications, and other references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes to the extent consistent with the disclosure herein.

[0055] The terms "prime" and "priming" as described herein refer to the process of rehydrating / moisturizing and repairing the barrier function of human skin to actively protect it from future oxidative stress.

[0056] As used herein, the term "oxidative stress" refers to a disturbance in the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and / or free radicals and antioxidants present in the skin, caused by extrinsic and / or intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors include, for example, exposure to UV radiation, pollution, and products containing harsh chemicals. Intrinsic factors include, for example, chronological aging, a person's genetic makeup, and other biological changes occurring within the skin.

[0057] As used herein, the term "skin sensitizing effective amount" is intended to exclude amounts of volatile essential oils that can cause an allergic reaction upon contact with an individual's skin. Skin sensitization is an immune response to prior exposure to a substance that results in an inflammatory skin reaction. Allergic skin reactions often manifest as a red, itchy, bumpy rash. Examples of types of volatile essential oils that can cause skin sensitization, depending on their amount in a skin care composition, include, but are not limited to, frankincense, myrrh, and sweet orange.

[0058] As used herein, the term "free radicals" refers to those ROS formed when the skin is subjected to oxidative stress caused by external factors, including exposure to UV radiation and environmental stressors such as pollution and harsh chemicals commonly found in hard surface cleaning products.

[0059] The present disclosure generally relates to compositions and methods for effectively reducing oxidative stress to enhance the health and appearance of human skin while at the same time or alternatively enabling the skin to defend itself against additional free radical attack. In addition, the compositions are also natural, organic and Approved and therefore does not contain synthetic and / or petroleum-derived ingredients.

[0060] The present inventors have unexpectedly discovered that a natural and skin-sensitizing effective amount of essential oil-free composition comprising a mixture of specific plant infusions, said mixture comprising at least: (a) a leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica; (b) a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; (c) a leaf extract of Cirsium truncatum; (d) optionally, a bark / seed extract of Cirsium truncatum; and (e) optionally, a blend of Amaranthus suffruticosa, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts, when applied to the skin, synergistically reduces oxidative stress to improve the health and appearance of the skin, while at the same time pre-priming the skin to enable it to protect itself from future free radical attack.

[0061] Chilean blueberry leaf extract is derived from the leaves of a small, dioecious evergreen tree of the Eleutheraceae family, also known as the maqui tree, native to the Valdivian temperate rainforest of Chile, South America. The extract has been found to contain significant amounts of anthocyanins, indole alkaloids, and flavonoids. These compounds act as a source of antioxidants that help neutralize free radicals and protect the skin's DNA.

[0062] It was also found that this extract is rich in anthocyanins delphinidin. In a study titled "NADPH oxidase is a novel target of delphinidin for the inhibition of UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts", Lim TG, Jung SK, Kim Y, Lee HJ, Jang TS, Lee KW, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Experimental Dermatology, 2013, 22, 417-437, it was reported that delphinidin effectively inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in skin, which is known to cause dermal collagen degradation. Various enzyme systems in the skin are associated with the production of endogenous ROS, including the enzyme system NADPH oxidase (NOX), which plays a key role in triggering ROS production. Studies have shown that, therefore, NOX activation is closely related to ROS-induced skin aging. The study concluded that delphinidin significantly inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts, which then inhibited the activation of the NOX enzyme, which in turn inhibited ROS production, and therefore this particular anthocyanin can prevent photoaging.

[0063] This extract is commercially available from N-Active EIRL under the trade name MAQUI is commercially available.

[0064] The Chilean Ribes nigrum L. leaf extract is preferably employed in an amount of about 1 to about 10% by weight, and most preferably about 2 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0065] Buddleja globosa leaf extract is derived from the leaves of Buddleja globosa, also known as matico, a flowering plant endemic to Chile and Argentina. The extract has been found to contain glycosidic flavonoids and phenylethanoid compounds, such as acteoside, iridoid, triterpenoid, diterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid, as well as two caffeic acid derivatives. These compounds show promise in wound healing due to their ability to promote fibroblast growth, and have strong antioxidant effects. This particular leaf extract is also rich in stigmasterol, an unsaturated phytosterol found in plant oils.

[0066] In an article entitled "Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of Buddleja globosa, Buddlejaceae", Backhouse N, Rosales L, Apablaza C, L, Erazo S, Negrete R, Theodoluz C, Rodríguez J, Delporte CJ, in Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Mar 5;116(2):263-9, reported that a plant extract having a fraction rich in stigmasterol and β-sitosterol showed anti-inflammatory properties. This extract is available from N-Active EIRL under the trade name MATICO was purchased commercially.

[0067] Buddleja globosum leaf extract is preferably employed in an amount of about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and most preferably about 1 to about 2 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0068] Murta leaf extract, derived from the leaves of a common woody evergreen shrub in the Myrtaceae family in Chile, is also known by its Spanish name, murta. The extract has been found to contain a variety of phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, catechins, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol. These compounds have been found to exhibit potent antioxidant activity against ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion production.

[0069] In an article entitled "MURTA (Ugni molinae Turcz.): A REVIEW ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES AND FRUITS", Lopez J, Vega-Galvez A, Rodriguez A, Uribe E, Bilbao-Sainz C, Chilean J. Agric. Anim. Sci., ex Agro-Ciencia (2018) 34(1): 1-14, it was found that Murtilla leaf extract contains a high amount of flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols), condensed and hydrolysable tannins, stilbenes (resveratrol), and phenolic acids, which have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. As previously mentioned, anthocyanins have been found to have antioxidant / free radical scavenging properties, which can prevent oxidative stress, a phenomenon that has been shown to have a negative impact on skin health and appearance.

[0070] Murtilla leaf extract is preferably employed in an amount of about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and most preferably about 1 to about 2 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition. Such extract is available from N-Active EIRL under the tradename MURTA®. MURTA is commercially available.

[0071] Rhatany bark / seed extract is derived from the seeds of the woody evergreen liana plant of the Fabaceae family found in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the western Pacific. Its main molecules include Entadamide A and Phaseoloidin. Entadamide A restricts the isomerization of urocanic acid in the skin, thereby inhibiting inflammation and immunosuppression, while also acting as a UV absorber. Phaseoloidin, a glucoside of homogentisic acid, is a molecule with excellent free radical scavenging ability.

[0072] In a study titled "Experimental evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of topical application of entada phaseoloides seeds as paste and ointment", Dawane J, Pandit V, Rajopadhye B, N Am J Med Sci. 2011 Nov; 3(11): 513-517, topical application of paste and ointment containing extract of Entada phaseoloides bark / seeds was proven to have potent anti-inflammatory properties.

[0073] Entada phaseoloides bark / seeds extract can be employed in an amount of about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably in an amount of about 2 to about 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Such extract is commercially available under the trade name Bioskinup® from Biosil Technologies, Inc., headquartered in Allendale, NJ, under the trade name Bioskinup®. Bioskinup® is commercially available.

[0074] The blend of the present disclosure comprises extract of Acalypha wilkesiana, Caesalpinia brasiliensis and Crinum asiaticum. Acalypha wilkesiana root extract is derived from a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family commonly found in South America. It is an extract characterized by the presence of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, phytosterols, caesalpinia acid, caesalpinia glycosides, allantoin, mucilage and saponins. This extract has been found to have anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant and analgesic properties.

[0075] Caesalpinia brasiliensis bark / stem extract is derived from a flowering plant of the Fabaceae family native to the Central Amazonian Forest. This extract, which has antioxidant properties, is characterized by the presence of alkaloids, resinous material rich in organic acids and tannins, trace essential oils, sterols, triterpenols and lupine alcohol.

[0076] Crinum asiaticum extract is derived from the bulbs and flowers of the Liliaceae family. It is characterized by the presence of amino acids, flavonoids, glycosides and steroids and has been found to have antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. The blend of Acalypha wilkesiana, Caesalpinia brasiliensis and Crinum asiaticum extracts is commercially available from Chemyunion LTDA, a Brazilian company headquartered in Sao Paulo, under the name Bioskinup®. TM Contour 3R is commercially available.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the blend can be employed in an amount of about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably in an amount of about 2 to about 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0078] Compositions of the present disclosure further include at least one wetting agent to further enhance the hydration and moisturizing of the skin, thereby providing enhanced pre-stimulation. By the gross weight of the composition, the wetting agent is generally used in an amount of about 1.0 to about 6.0 wt %, and preferably about 1.5 to about 4.0 wt %. Examples of suitable wetting agents include, but are not limited to, hyaluronic acid and derivatives thereof, such as sodium hyaluronate and hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid, lecithin, aloe vera, panthenol, glycerol and seaweed. The particularly preferred wetting agent in the embodiments of the skin care compositions and methods of the present disclosure is hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid.

[0079] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a composition intended for application to the skin of a person suffering from or at risk of suffering from oxidative stress, the composition comprising: (1) a mixture of at least the following: (a) about 1 to about 10 weight percent, and preferably about 2 to about 5 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica; (b) about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and preferably about 1 to about 2 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; (c) about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and preferably about 1 to about 2 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica; (d) optionally, about 1 to about 5 weight percent, and preferably about 1 to about 2 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica; (e) optionally, from about 1 to about 5 weight %, and preferably from about 2 to about 3 weight %, of a blend of Amaranthus suffruticosa, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts; and (f) from about 1 to about 8 weight %, and preferably from about 2 to about 6 weight % of at least one humectant, all weights based on the total weight of the composition; (2) an emulsifier; and (3) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a)-(f) are employed in amounts sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and to protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural.

[0080] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the inventors unexpectedly discovered that a natural preservative system comprising a combination of specific amounts of Lactobacillus ferment, Lactobacillus and Cocos nucifera (coconut) fruit extract, salicylic acid (optional in some embodiments), a weak acid salt such as potassium sorbate, and optionally petroleum-free propylene glycol, when incorporated into a composition having a specific pH range, effectively prevents and inhibits microbial growth on and in the composition.

[0081] Lactobacillus ferment of the present disclosure is preferably used in an amount of about 1 to about 5 weight %, preferably about 2 to about 4 weight %, and more preferably about 2 to about 4 weight % of the total composition. "Lactobacillus ferment" can refer to a solution obtained after a defined growth medium is fermented by Lactobacillus bacteria. During fermentation, Lactobacillus bacteria can produce antimicrobial peptides that can provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial protection at appropriate concentrations and / or in combination with other antimicrobials. Exemplary lactobacillus ferments are available from Micro Technologies under the trade name SF was purchased commercially.

[0082] The lactobacillus and coconut fruit extracts may include any coconut fruit extract fermented with lactobacillus and / or included with the lactobacillus fermentation of the present disclosure, and are preferably employed in an amount of about 1 to about 5%, preferably about 2 to about 4%, by weight of the total composition. "Lactobacillus fermented coconut fruit extract" may refer to the solution obtained after lactobacillus fermentation of a coconut (coconut) fruit extract rather than a defined growth medium. The result is a substantially different antimicrobial product that is effective in preventing the growth of fungi, particularly yeasts and molds, at appropriate concentrations and / or in combination with other antimicrobials. Exemplary lactobacillus and coconut extracts are available from Aiti Micro Technologies under the trade name Coconut is commercially available and is commonly associated with the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) names, Lactobacillus and Cocos nucifera (Coconut) fruit extract.

[0083] When present, salicylic acid is preferably employed in an amount of up to about 0.5% by weight of the total composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 0.45% by weight, and more preferably from about 0.2% to about 0.4% by weight. It should be noted that the use of salicylic acid in an amount of about 0.5% or greater by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, renders the composition a drug requiring FDA approval prior to commercialization and sale in the United States. In some embodiments, salicylic acid may be omitted by adjusting the concentrations of the lactobacillus ferment, lactobacillus and coconut palm fruit extracts, and / or other ingredients described in more detail herein.

[0084] The weak acid salt is preferably employed in an amount of up to about 0.5% by weight of the total composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 0.45% by weight and more preferably from about 0.2% to about 0.4% by weight. A preferred weak acid salt is potassium sorbate (i.e., the potassium salt of sorbic acid). Other weak acids that can be used in salt form include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, propionic acid, and benzoic acid.

[0085] Propylene glycol, such as petroleum-free 1,3-propylene glycol, is typically employed in an amount from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the total composition, preferably from about 2% to about 8% by weight, and more preferably from about 4% to about 6% by weight. Exemplary petroleum-free 1,3-propylene glycol is available from Dupont Tate & Lyle Bio Products under the trade name Propanediol is commercially available and can be associated with the INCI name propylene glycol.

[0086] The inventors have unexpectedly discovered that the ability of the preservative system of the present disclosure to effectively inhibit microbial growth is critically dependent on the pH of the composition in which it is used. For example, if the preservative system is used in a composition having a pH of 6, it will not provide the necessary broad-spectrum protection required for acceptable storage stability / shelf life. Therefore, the pH of the composition containing the preservative system of the present disclosure can be in the range of about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0087] According to this embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system including: (a) about 1 to about 5 wt.%, preferably about 2 to about 4 wt.% of a Lactobacillus ferment; (b) about 1 to about 5 wt.%, preferably about 2 to about 4 wt.% of a Lactobacillus and coconut tree fruit extract; (c) up to about 0.5 wt.%, preferably about 0.1 to about 0.45, and most preferably 0.25 to about 0.4 wt.% of salicylic acid; (d) about 0.1 to about 0.5 wt.%, and preferably about 0.2 to about 0.4 wt.% of at least one weak acid salt, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) about 1 to about 10 wt.%, preferably about 2 to about 8 wt.%, and most preferably about 4 to about 6 wt.% of 1,3-propanediol; (2) a mixture of at least: (f) about 1 to about 10 wt.%, and preferably about 2 to about 5 wt.% of a Chilean maqui leaf extract; (g) about 0.5 to about 3 wt.%, and preferably about 1 to about 2 wt.% of a globe mallow leaf extract; (h) about 0.5 to about 3 wt.%, and preferably about 1 to about 2 wt.% of a cloudberry leaf extract; (i) optionally, about 1 to about 5 wt.%, and preferably about 2 to about 3 wt.% of a Raphiolepis indica bark / seed extract; (j) optionally, about 1 to about 5 wt.%, and preferably about 2 to about 3 wt.% of a blend of Acalypha wilkesiana, Caryocar brasiliense, and Crinum asiaticum extracts; and (k) about 1 to about 8 wt.%, and preferably about 2 to about 6 wt.% of at least one humectant, all weights based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in amounts sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or to defend against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, free of skin sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH ranging from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0088] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system comprising: (a) from about 1 to about 5 weight percent, preferably from about 2 to about 4 weight percent, of a lactobacillus ferment; (b) from about 1 to about 5 weight percent, preferably from about 2 to about 4 weight percent, of a lactobacillus fermented coconut palm fruit extract; (c) preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.45 weight percent, preferably from about 0.25 to about 0.4 weight percent, of salicylic acid; (d) up to about 0.5 weight percent, preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.4 weight percent, of at least one weak acid salt, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, preferably from about 2 to about 8 weight percent, and most preferably from about 4 to about 6 weight percent, of petroleum-free propylene glycol; (2) a mixture of at least: (f) from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, and preferably from about 2 to about 5 weight percent, of a leaf extract of the fruit ... (h) about 0.5 to about 3 wt. %, and preferably about 1 to about 2 wt. % of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; (i) optionally, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, and preferably about 2 to about 3 wt. % of a bark / seed extract of Quercus serrata; (j) optionally, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, and preferably about 2 to about 3 wt. % of a blend of Amaranthus serrata, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts; and (k) about 1 to about 8 wt. %, and preferably about 2 to about 6 weight percent of at least one humectant, all weights based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, does not contain skin sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0089] According to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system including: (a) about 1 to about 5 wt.%, preferably about 2 to about 4 wt.% of a Lactobacillus ferment; (b) about 1 to about 5 wt.%, preferably about 2 to about 4 wt.% of a Lactobacillus-fermented Cocos nucifera fruit extract; (c) preferably about 0.1 to about 0.45 wt.%, preferably about 0.25 to about 0.4 wt.% of salicylic acid; (d) about 0.1 to about 0.5 wt.%, preferably about 0.2 to about 0.4 wt.% of at least one salt of a weak acid, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) about 1 to about 10 wt.%, preferably about 2 to about 8 wt.%, and most preferably about 4 to about 6 wt.% of a petroleum-free 1,3-propanediol; (2) a mixture of at least: (f) about 1 to about 10 wt.%, and preferably about 2 to about 5 wt.% of a leaf extract of Baccharis halimifolia; (g) about 0.5 to about 3 wt.%, and preferably about 1 to about 2 wt.% of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (h) about 0.5 to about 3 wt.%, and preferably about 1 to about 2 wt.% of a leaf extract of Myrtus uaga; (i) optionally, about 1 to about 5 wt.%, and preferably about 2 to about 3 wt.% of a bark / seed extract of Entada rheedii; (j) optionally, about 1 to about 5 wt.%, and preferably about 2 to about 3 wt.% of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Caesalpinia ferrea, and Crinum asiaticum; and (k) about 1 to about 8 wt.%, and preferably about 2 to about 6 wt.% of at least one humectant, all weights based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in amounts sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or to defend against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, free of skin sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH ranging from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0090] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system consisting of: (a) from about 2 to about 4 weight percent of a lactobacillus ferment; (b) from about 2 to about 4 weight percent of a lactobacillus fermented coconut palm fruit extract; (c) from about 0.25 to about 0.4 weight percent of salicylic acid; (d) from about 0.2 to about 0.4 weight percent of at least one weak acid salt, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) from about 4 to about 6 weight percent of petroleum-free 1,3-propylene glycol; (2) a mixture of at least: (f) from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, and preferably from about 2 to about 5 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Cauliflower; (g) from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and preferably from about 1 to about 2 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; (h) from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and preferably from about 1 to about 2 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; and preferably from about 1 to about 2 weight % of a leaf extract of Rhapis odorata; (i) optionally, from about 1 to about 5 weight %, and preferably from about 2 to about 3 weight % of a bark / seed extract of Quercus sylvestris; (j) optionally, from about 1 to about 5 weight %, and preferably from about 2 to about 3 weight % of a blend of Amaranthus suffruticosa, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts; and (k) from about 1 to about 8 weight %, and preferably from about 2 to about 6 weight % of at least one humectant, all weights based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, does not contain skin sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0091] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system consisting of: (a) from about 2 to about 4 weight percent of a lactobacillus ferment; (b) from about 2 to about 4 weight percent of a lactobacillus fermented coconut palm fruit extract; (c) from about 0.25 to about 0.4 weight percent of salicylic acid; (d) from about 0.2 to about 0.4 weight percent of at least one weak acid salt, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) from about 4 to about 6 weight percent of petroleum-free 1,3-propylene glycol; (2) a mixture of at least: (f) from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, and preferably from about 2 to about 5 weight percent, of an extract of the leaves of the genus Cauliflower; (g) from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and preferably from about 1 to about 2 weight percent, of an extract of the leaves of the genus Buddleja; (h) from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and preferably from about 1 to about 2 weight percent, of the leaves of the genus Cauliflower; and preferably from about 1 to about 2 weight % of a leaf extract of Rhapis odorata; (i) optionally, from about 1 to about 5 weight %, and preferably from about 2 to about 3 weight % of a bark / seed extract of Quercus sylvestris; (j) optionally, from about 1 to about 5 weight %, and preferably from about 2 to about 3 weight % of a blend of Amaranthus suffruticosa, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts; and (k) from about 1 to about 8 weight %, and preferably from about 2 to about 6 weight % of at least one humectant, all weights based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, does not contain skin sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0092] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system consisting of: (a) about 4 weight percent Lactobacillus ferment; b) about 4 weight percent Lactobacillus fermented coconut palm fruit extract; (c) about 0.4 weight percent potassium sorbate; and (e) about 4 weight percent petroleum-free 1,3-propylene glycol; (2) a mixture of at least: (f) about 1 to about 10 weight percent, and preferably about 2 to about 5 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Citrus aurantii; (g) about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and preferably about 1 to about 2 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; (h) about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, and preferably about 1 to about 2 weight percent, of a leaf extract of Citrus aurantii; ( i) optionally, from about 1 to about 5 weight percent, and preferably from about 2 to about 3 weight percent, of a bark / seed extract of Quercus vulgaris; (j) optionally, from about 1 to about 5 weight percent, and preferably from about 2 to about 3 weight percent, of a blend of Amaranthus suffruticosa, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts; and (k) from about 1 to about 8 weight percent, and preferably from about 2 to about 6 weight percent, of at least one humectant, all weights based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, does not contain skin sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0093] The acceptable carrier of dermatology can encompass various forms. In some cases, the solubility or dispersibility of the component in the composition can determine the form and characteristics of the carrier. Non-limiting examples include simple solutions (e.g., aqueous or anhydrous), dispersions, emulsions, and solid forms. In certain embodiments, the acceptable carrier of dermatology is in the form of an emulsion. Emulsions generally can be divided into those with a continuous aqueous phase (e.g., oil-in-water and water-in-oil-in-water) or a continuous oil phase (e.g., water-in-oil or oil-in-water). Although the oil phase can include any vegetable oil, as long as it does not cause skin sensitization, a particularly preferred oil component is almond oil.

[0094] The present inventor has unexpectedly found that, use almond oil so that the compound present in plant extract can effectively penetrate into skin, without having to use skin sensitization essential oil, while still promoting the effect of desired degree.This is because almond oil is rich in beta-animal sterol, squalene and alpha-tocopherol, and a smaller amount of carbohydrate, protein, vitamin and mineral, such as vitamin B complex (comprising vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) and zinc.In addition, the phytochemical composition of almond oil is considered to effectively promote surface level proliferation and skin cell development.Other oils that can also be used include but are not limited to vegetable oils, such as olive oil, jojoba oil, babassu oil, castor oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, wheat germ oil, argan oil and marula oil.

[0095] Without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure, any ingredient capable of emulsifying the composition may be used as an emulsifier, as long as it is natural and / or dermatologically acceptable. Examples include, but are not limited to, glyceryl stearate, cetyl alcohol, sodium stearoyl lactylate, sorbitan olivate, cetearyl olivate, cetearyl alcohol, cetearyl glucoside, sodium cetearyl sulfate, and the like. It is also particularly preferred that the emulsifier does not contain palm oil.

[0096] The compositions of the present disclosure can be provided to consumers in a variety of product forms, including but not limited to solutions, suspensions, emulsions, creams, gels, sprays, ointments, foams, and serums. For example, the compositions described above can be used as a base formula to formulate a product intended for application to the skin after shaving to help relieve irritation associated with the mechanical stress on the skin caused by the shaving process.

[0097] In embodiments, products intended for application to the skin before or during exposure to sunlight to act as a sunscreen or sunblock can be formulated based on the above-described compositions as a base formula.

[0098] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition may further comprise suitable, optional ingredients as desired. For example, the composition may optionally include other active or inactive ingredients, provided that they do not unacceptably alter the benefits of the skin care composition, are natural, and / or do not promote skin sensitization. The exact amount of the optional ingredients will be determined by those skilled in the art.

[0099] Examples of optional additive ingredients that may be employed include, but are not limited to, humectants, emollients, flavonoids, minerals, chelating agents, pH adjusters / buffers, rheology modifiers, phytosterols, vitamin B3 compounds, anti-inflammatory agents such as licorice extract, bisabolol, manjistha extracted from plants in the genus Rubia, guggal extracted from plants in the genus Commiphora, Quillaja saponaria extract, kola nut extract, chamomile, red clover extract, gorgonian extract, hibiscus extract, lucuma extract, banyan extract, red algae extract, crambe extract, Iceland moss extract, Saskatoon berry extract, Siberian ginseng extract, spruce needle extract, birch bark extract, yarrow extract, marigold extract, and thatch extract.

[0100] Additional ingredients that may be employed to further enhance the efficacy of the present disclosure may include, for example, Boldo leaf extract, Astrocaryum murumuru seed butter, Butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter, Theobroma grandiflorum seed butter, Spondias mombin fruit pulp extract, Mangifera indica fruit pulp extract, Musa sapientum fruit pulp extract, Mauritia flexuosa fruit oil, Physalis angulata extract, xylitol sesquioctanoate, Vaccinium myrtillus seed oil, Cucubita pepo seed extract, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, Centella asiatica leaf extract, Tamarindus indica fruit oil, indica seed polysaccharide, Zanthoxylum bungeanum fruit extract, Lactococcus fermentation lysate, Bellis perennis flower extract, Coffea arabica seedcake extract, Coffea arabica seed oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, Pichia fermentation lysate filtrate, and whey protein.

[0101] Particularly preferred optional ingredients for use in compositions of the present disclosure are emollients, which can be employed in amounts of about 1 to about 15 weight %, preferably about 2 to about 5 weight %, and all weight % therebetween. Examples of preferred emollients include, but are not limited to, seed fats such as carnauba seed fat and theobroma cacao seed fat. These seed fats provide enhanced emollient action to the compositions of the present disclosure. An especially preferred seed fat is carnauba seed fat.

[0102] In addition to the ingredients described above, certain types of auxiliary ingredients may be added to the compositions of the present disclosure to preventively inhibit the formation of free radicals caused by UV radiation, which induce oxidative stress in the skin and thus promote photoinhibition.

[0103] Examples of such adjunct ingredients include, but are not limited to, pongamia glabra (Karanja) seed oil derived from the pongolote tree, Dunaliella salina algae extract (which is rich in beta-carotene), Haematococcus pluvialis extract (which is rich in astaxanthin), red algae (which is rich in mycosporin-like amino acids), zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide.

[0104] When employed, Bordeaux tree (Bordeaux) leaf extract will typically be used in amounts of about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight %, such as from about 0.5 to about 3.0 weight % and about 1.0 to about 2.0 weight % by weight of the composition.

[0105] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method is provided for treating and / or pre-stressing skin suffering from or at risk of suffering from oxidative stress to enhance its health and / or appearance by applying one of the compositions disclosed above to the skin.

[0106] Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for actively priming human skin and enhancing the skin's own ability to defend itself against future free radical attack by applying one of the compositions disclosed above to the skin.

[0107] Examples

[0108] The following examples set forth herein are intended for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, in the examples, all concentrations are listed in weight percent.

[0109] Example 1

[0110] A mixture of B. chilensis + Buddleja globosum + Ficus microcarpa leaf extracts (hereinafter, “ M3"). Total glutathione quantification and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured using a Multiscan GO monochromator available from Thermo Fisher Scientific of Waltham, MA. Absorbance was read at 410 nm for total glutathione and at 450 nm for SOD. Quantification values ​​were normalized by total protein in the sample using the Bradford technique as described in Anal. Biochem, 72:248-254.

[0111] Primary human fibroblasts were seeded in 75 cm 2 The cells were cultured in flasks and expanded in an incubator at 37° C. in the presence of 5% CO 2 . After reaching confluence, the cells were seeded in well plates and exposed to hydrogen peroxide and a quantitative mediator.

[0112] For statistical evaluation, the ANOVA test was used to initially measure the variance of the results, followed by a Bonferroni post-test to refine the ANOVA results. A 5% significance level was used.

[0113] Figure 1 The bar graph 100 shows the differences in H2O2 levels in the oxidative stress group 108 and the baseline control 106 when exposed to different amounts of The amount of SOD activity in human fibroblasts M3 110, 112, and 114 (P<0.001).

[0114] Here, it can be seen that at various concentration levels, based on the increased SOD activity, M3 110, 112, and 114 resulted in a significant increase in protection against oxidative stress with a standard deviation of 3. Thus, although exposure of human fibroblasts to oxidative stress caused by H2O2 108 resulted in a decrease in SOD activity, subsequent Exposure to M3 increased SOD activity by approximately 100%.

[0115] Regarding total glutathione production in human fibroblasts, the following Figure 2 The bar graph 200 in further confirms the use of The protection effect obtained at M3.

[0116] Here, we can also see that Based on the increased total glutathione production at various concentration levels 210, 212, and 214 of M3, M3 resulted in a significant increase in the protection of human fibroblasts against oxidative stress with the same standard deviation of 3. Thus, although oxidative stress in human fibroblasts caused by H2O2 208 exposure resulted in a decrease in total glutathione, subsequent exposure to M3 210, 212, and 214 significantly increased total glutathione production.

[0117] Figure 1 and 2 Given the results in The ability of M3 to enhance cellular antioxidant capacity by regulating the antioxidant mediators SOD and total glutathione demonstrated its significant antioxidant activity.

[0118] Example 2

[0119] In this instance, the evaluation M3's photoprotective effect against visible light in the 400-700 nm range is crucial, as chronic exposure to visible light has been shown to induce oxidative stress, which can contribute to unwanted skin pigmentation (dark spots), inflammation, and oxidative photoaging. Visible blue radiation (440-485 nm), also known as "blue light," penetrates the skin more deeply than UVA and UVB light, reaching the dermis where collagen and elastin reside. In addition to the sun, most people are exposed to significant amounts of blue light daily from electronic devices such as smartphones and computer screens. The potential negative photoaging consequences of this exposure on the skin are concerning.

[0120] To evaluate its blocking ability, A thin film of M3 was applied to a Helioplate HD6 substrate from HelioScreen Labs. Transmission spectra were then obtained using a UV 2450 Shimadzu spectrophotometer (ISR-240A) with an integrating sphere, available from Shimadzu Corporation of Kyoto, Japan. The spectrum was scanned over a range of 400–700 nm, with three measurements performed to ensure accuracy. The results are shown in Table 1. Figure 3 .

[0121] from Figure 3 As can be seen from the graph 300, the average transmittance 306 of blue light in the range of 440-485 nm, i.e., the UV range, is approximately 67%, with an average value of approximately 69%. Therefore, approximately 31% or one-third of the blue light radiation is M3 effectively blocked oxidative stress and photoaging damage, further demonstrating its ability to inhibit oxidative stress and photoaging damage.

[0122] Example 3

[0123] The leaf extracts of the fruit of the genus Cauliflower and the fruit of the genus Cauliflower were evaluated to determine their ability to prevent the formation of undesirable thymidine dimers upon exposure to UVB radiation. When skin is exposed to UVB radiation, thymidine bases in DNA can absorb the UVB radiation to form thymidine dimers (also known as thymine dimers) in the DNA, complicating the cell's efforts to replicate DNA and function properly. In this experiment, an in vitro thymidine dimer assay was performed using a skin model composed of normal human epidermal keratinocytes cultured to form a multilayer model of the human epidermis.

[0124] One group of tissues was treated with an extract of the Chilean blueberry leaf for seven days, another group was treated with an extract of the berry leaf for seven days, and a third group was left untreated. All three tissue groups were then exposed to 300 mJ / cm 2 The cells were then irradiated with UVB. DNA was then extracted and analyzed for thymidine dimer content.

[0125] The DNA is then immobilized and incubated with an antibody specific for thymidine dimers. The primary antibody is then detected with a secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorescent dye. The membrane is then scanned using an excitation laser and emission filter combination specific for the fluorescent dye, such that the fluorescence intensity of each sample is proportional to the amount of thymidine dimers present in the sample, and lower fluorescence intensities favorably indicate lower levels of cell damage caused by UVB radiation. The results of the thymidine dimer assay are shown in Table 1 below, expressed as mean relative fluorescence units (RFU). + Standard deviation.

[0126] Table 1

[0127] Corrected RFU No UVB exposure 514±57.30 Untreated 5.463±80.50 50ug / ml Trolox (a vitamin E analogue) 4.380±393.00 5% Chilean blueberry 3.418±673.10 4% berry fruit 4.246±426.30

[0128] The data in Table 1 show that compared to untreated tissue, tissue treated with 5% concentration of Chilean blueberry resulted in a decrease in thymidine dimer formation of approximately 41%, and tissue treated with 4% concentration of berry resulted in a decrease in thymidine dimer formation of approximately 25%, thereby demonstrating their photoprotective effects against UVB-induced DNA damage.

[0129] Example 4

[0130] In this instance, the evaluation M3 was used to determine its effect on skin erythema (i.e., sunburn). A total of 10 volunteers were recruited and each volunteer was subjected to mechanically induced erythema caused by applying and removing transparent medical tape on the forearm 20 times in a row. The sham group was tested using a sham group, available from Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany. Erythema measurements were performed using the MX18 and Multiprobe Adapter MPA-5. An initial measurement was performed immediately after mechanical injury, followed by two additional measurements at intervals of 30 and 60 minutes. M3-treated volunteers experienced a 41% reduction in erythema after 30 minutes and a 76% reduction in erythema after 60 minutes, demonstrating M3's ability to soothe skin suffering from externally induced erythema.

[0131] These results indicate that using M3 provides soothing relief for skin affected by erythema.

[0132] Example 5

[0133] In this instance, the evaluation M3 was used to determine its effect on nitric oxide production in cultured epidermal keratinocytes. It is well known that exposure of the skin to external aggressors such as ultraviolet radiation, pollutants, chemical irritants, and cosmetic treatments can often result in an inflammatory response, leading to erythema and edema, both of which are painful and unsightly. One of the factors that initiates inflammatory signals is nitric oxide (NO), which is produced endogenously by a variety of cells to regulate physiological processes such as neurotransmission, smooth muscle contractility, platelet reactivity, and the cytotoxic activity of immune cells. High levels of NO are found in pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and chronic intestinal inflammation, to name a few.

[0134] At three concentration levels M3: 1%, 3% and 5% to treat cultured epidermal keratinocytes (PAM 212 keratinocytes). First, the cultured cells expressed nitric oxide synthase, resulting in the production of NO from L-arginine. The control was a selective inhibitor of NO synthase, added to the cultured cells to completely (100%) inhibit NO production. NO production was measured using a colorimeter. The results obtained showed that at 1%, M3 inhibited NO production by 58.0%; at 3%, it inhibited by 46.2%; and at 5%, it inhibited by 25.3%, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing skin inflammation.

[0135] Example 6

[0136] Compositions according to the present disclosure were evaluated to determine their ability to successfully pass the Micro-Preservative Efficacy Test (PET) challenge. The compositions tested are shown in Table 2 below.

[0137] Table 2

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] A graphical representation of the results of the microbial challenge assays performed on the exemplary skin care compositions listed in Table 2 above is shown in Figure 4 In. Figure 4 As seen in the graph 400 of FIG. 400 , which shows the logarithm 402 of colony forming units (CFU) / g sample as a function of days 404 after the start of the microbial challenge assay, the composition reduced each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, internal contaminants, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus brasiliensis, and Candida albicans by day 2, with no subsequent small increase in any of the microbial species. The above test results confirm that the use of the preservative system of the present disclosure is consistent with the The M3 combination successfully preserved the composition.

[0141] Example 7

[0142] A composition according to another embodiment of the present disclosure was evaluated to determine its ability to successfully pass a microPET challenge. The compositions tested are shown in Table 3 below.

[0143] Table 3

[0144]

[0145] like Figure 5 As seen in the graph 500 of FIG. 5 , which shows the logarithm 502 of colony forming units (CFU) / g sample as a function of days 504 after the start of the microbial challenge assay, the composition reduced each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, internal contaminants, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Candida albicans by day 2, and reduced Aspergillus brasiliensis by day 7, with no subsequent small increase in any microbial species. The above test results confirm that the use of the preservative system of the present disclosure is consistent with the The M3 combination successfully preserved the composition.

[0146] Example 8

[0147] Compositions according to the present disclosure were evaluated to determine their ability to successfully pass a microPET challenge. The compositions tested are shown in Table 4 below.

[0148] Table 4

[0149]

[0150] like Figure 6 As seen in the graph 600 showing the logarithm 602 of CFU / g sample as a function of days 604 after the start of the microbial challenge assay, the composition reduced each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, internal contaminants, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Candida albicans by day 2, and reduced Aspergillus brasiliensis by day 7, with no subsequent small increase in any microbial species. The above test results confirm the effectiveness of using the preservative system of the present disclosure with M3, and / or the combination of other ingredients of the skin care composition for treating oxidative stress according to embodiments of the present disclosure contributes to the successful preservation of the composition.

[0151] Example 9

[0152] Boldoia bordo (Bordanopsis) leaf extract, Buddleja angustifolia (Piper nigrum) leaf extract, Cercidiphyllum chinense (Maqui) leaf extract, and Cercidiphyllum serrata (Motta) leaf extract were evaluated to determine what, if any, effects they may have on gene expression following UVB exposure according to the protocol indicated below.

[0153] Reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) tissue was obtained from ZenBio (Research Triangle Park, NC; Lot No. RHE051820) and used immediately. The tissue was transferred to a 6-well plate and equilibrated for one hour in 1 ml of pre-warmed ZenSkin medium / well provided by ZenBio. The tissue was then pipetted at 3 mg / cm 2 Samples of the above ingredients were added undiluted in triplicate and spread evenly on top of the RHE tissue. Sterile distilled water was used as a negative control. The tissue was incubated with the test materials for a three-hour period and then transferred to a new 24-well plate and exposed to 30 mJ / cm using a Hoefer (Holliston, MA) transilluminator. 2 (equivalent to 1 minimal erythema dose or MED) UVB (302 nm). The tissues were then returned to the original six-well plates with culture medium and allowed to incubate overnight.

[0154] At the end of the incubation, RNA was extracted using a QiaCube Connect robotic station (Qiagen) and purified using the RNeasy micro kit catalog number 74104 from Qiagen (Germantown, MD). TM The purified total RNA was measured at 260 nm and 280 nm using a Sigma-Aldrich Lite spectrophotometer.

[0155] Using High-Capacity RNA-to-cDNA TM Kit (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to prepare cDNA, and PCR primers from Realtimeprimers (Elkins Park, PA) and AzuraView GreenFast qPCR Blue Mix LR available from Azura Genomics (Raynham, MA) were used to measure the expression of the gene of interest by real-time quantitative PCR using the BioRad iCycler iQ detection system. After normalizing gene expression to HPRT1 and GAPDH (housekeeping genes), the results were quantified using the efficiency ΔΔCt method.

[0156] Genes were considered differentially expressed if the p value determined by a two-tailed t-test was ≤ 0.10 and the modulation was ≥ 1.8.

[0157] Bordeaux-treated tissues exhibited anti-inflammatory (downregulation of CD44, MAP3K7, PTGS2, MMP1, IL8, and IL1A; upregulation of TIMP2), anti-apoptotic (downregulation of FOXO3), anti-hyperproliferative (reduction of MAP3K7, PCNA, and END1), vasoprotective (upregulation of HSPG2 and ITGB1), and barrier-protective (upregulation of AQP3, TGM1, LOR, and downregulation of CD44) responses. Bordeaux reduced UVB-induced pro-inflammatory signaling, demonstrating a reduced need for antioxidant responses (downregulation of TXNRD1 and possibly CAT), without significant xenobiotic metabolic effects.

[0158] Treatment of tissues with Piper angustifolia reduced the expression of genes encoding late differentiation proteins (IVL, FLG, CDSN) and may have increased cell survival (BIRC5), demonstrating a potential photoprotective effect.

[0159] Tissues treated with maqui showed that maqui is a highly bioactive substance. It was found to support barrier protection and ceramide production through a strong upregulation of AQP3 and LOR, as well as FLG and GBA, along with a reduction in HAS3 (which is expected in the differentiated layers of the epithelium and promoted by ascorbic acid), along with anti-inflammatory properties (as evidenced by a significant reduction in IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 activity).

[0160] Maqui was also found to trigger a reduction in the expression of AGERs, receptors for AGEs (advanced glycation end products), a major contributor to skin aging. Maqui also appears to exhibit a pro-pigmentation effect by inhibiting ASIP. Other regulated genes included VEGFA (stimulation of blood vessel growth and therefore skin oxygenation), TIMP (MMP inhibition) and TLR2 (upregulation), the expression of which is important for repairing damage such as that caused by UVB irradiation. Maqui treated tissues also produced significant amounts of RNA, suggesting that the test material has a broad photoprotective effect against UVB-induced cytotoxicity, supported by a strong downregulation of the pro-apoptotic, UVB-induced FOXO3.

[0161] Tissues treated with Mota showed a complex bioactivity profile with pro-inflammatory effects (significant increases in IL1A, PTSG2, EDN1) and increased expression of genes encoding proteins important for stratum corneum formation (DSG3, TGM1, LOR) and skin repair after UVB irradiation (TLR2). In addition, CTGF was significantly upregulated, indicating its potential to increase ECM (extracellular matrix) production.

[0162] Tissues treated with the combination of Piper angustifolia, Maqui and Motta exhibited unusually robust biological activity. Both VEGFA and PPARD genes were upregulated, demonstrating biological signaling initiated by the combination of Piper angustifolia, Maqui and Motta. This type of immune system-related cellular communication is a biological response of the skin to environmental stressors. Environmental stressors associated with UV radiation exposure may lead to oxidative stress and the subsequent free radical formation on the skin. Similarly, IL8 and MT2A genes were downregulated, demonstrating that those skin biological processes associated with reducing inflammation caused by UV radiation exposure (i.e., anti-inflammatory effects) were triggered. Finally, SMPD1, TGM1, and AQP3 genes were upregulated, indicating that the combination triggered biological processes that demonstrate enhanced barrier function of the skin after UV radiation exposure (i.e., skin pre-stimulation function).

[0163] The above examples establish the efficacy of the disclosed embodiments to enhance skin that is suffering from oxidative stress caused by external stressors such as ultraviolet radiation and environmental pollution, as well as to prime skin to enhance its barrier function ability to better defend itself against external insults. The embodiments can advantageously include one or a combination of the extracts of Vitis vinifera (Bordeaux) leaves, Buddleja globosa (Chilean myrtle) leaves, Aristotelia chilensis (Maqui tree) leaves, and Rubus parvifolius (Mota) leaves, which can synergistically enhance, prime, and / or soothe the skin.

[0164] By providing skin care compositions and methods according to the present disclosure, the problems of existing skin care compositions and methods that are intended to treat oxidative stress, which include non-natural ingredients, harsh synthetic preservatives, and other harmful components, are addressed. The embodiments of the present disclosure advantageously provide a composition that is effective to neutralize free radicals in the skin and / or to prime the skin so as to enhance its ability to defend itself against future free radical insults.

[0165] The skin care composition and method embodiments address the problem that existing skin care treatment modalities are non-natural and / or insufficient to treat skin conditions such as oxidative stress.

Claims

1. A composition intended for application to human skin suffering from oxidative stress, comprising: (1) A mixture of at least the following: (a) 1 to 10% by weight of an extract of the leaves of the plant Cercidiphyllum serrata; (b) 0.5 to 3% by weight of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; (c) 0.5 to 3% by weight of an extract of the leaves of Rhapis odorata; and (f) 1.0 to 8.0 weight percent of at least one wetting agent; (2) emulsifiers; and (3) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a), (b), (c) and (f) synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively priming the skin to enhance its own defenses against future free radical attack, thereby improving its health and appearance, wherein the composition is natural and does not contain a skin sensitizing effective amount of essential oils and has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5, and The composition is in the form of a solution, suspension, cream, gel, spray, ointment, foam or a combination thereof.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises: (d) 1 to 5% by weight of a bark / seed extract of Quercus vulgaris.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises: (e) 1 to 5 weight percent of a blend of Amaranthus sutchuenensis, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts.

4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the mixture further comprises: (e) 1 to 5 weight percent of a blend of Amaranthus sutchuenensis, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts.

5. The composition of claim 4, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight percent; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (d) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight percent; (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight percent; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.5 to 4.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

6. The composition of claim 2, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 1 to 10 weight percent; (b) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 weight percent; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 weight percent; (d) is employed in an amount of 1 to 5 weight percent; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.0 to 6.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

7. The composition of claim 2, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight percent; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (d) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight percent; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.5 to 4.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

8. The composition of claim 3, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 1 to 10 weight percent; (b) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 weight percent; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 weight percent; (e) is employed in an amount of 1 to 5 weight percent; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.0 to 6.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

9. The composition of claim 3, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight percent; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight percent; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.5 to 4.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising an extract of the leaves of the Bordeaux tree employed in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising an extract of Bodega species of leaves employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.

12. A composition intended for application to human skin suffering from oxidative stress, comprising: (1) a preservative system, comprising: (a) 1 to 5% by weight of a Lactobacillus ferment; (b) 1 to 5% by weight of Lactobacillus and coconut palm fruit extract; (c) up to 0.5% by weight of salicylic acid; and (d) 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of at least one weak acid salt; and (e) 1 to 10% by weight of petroleum-free 1,3-propylene glycol; (2) A mixture of at least the following: (f) 1 to 10% by weight of an extract of the leaves of the plant Cercidiphyllum serrata; (g) 0.5 to 3% by weight of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; (h) 0.5 to 3% by weight of an extract of the leaves of Rhapis odorata; and (k) 1.0 to 8.0% by weight of at least one wetting agent, wherein (f), (g), (h) and (k) synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively priming the skin to enhance its own defense against future free radical attack; (3) emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, The composition is natural, does not contain skin sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.

5.

13. The composition of claim 12, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4 weight percent; (b) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4 weight percent; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.1 to 0.45 weight percent; and (d) is employed in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4 weight percent; and (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 8 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

14. The composition of claim 12, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4 weight percent; (b) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4 weight percent; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.25 to 0.4 weight percent; and (d) is employed in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4 weight percent; and (e) is employed in an amount of 4 to 6 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

15. The composition of claim 12, wherein the mixture further comprises: (i) 1 to 5% by weight of a bark / seed extract of Quercus vulgaris.

16. The composition of claim 12, wherein the mixture further comprises: (j) 1 to 5 weight percent of a blend of Amaranthus sutchuenensis, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts.

17. The composition of claim 15, wherein the mixture further comprises: (j) 1 to 5 weight percent of a blend of Amaranthus sutchuenensis, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts.

18. The composition of claim 17, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 1 to 10 weight percent; (g) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 weight percent; (h) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 weight percent; (i) is employed in an amount of 1 to 5 weight percent; (j) is employed in an amount of 1 to 5 weight percent; and (k) is employed in an amount of 1.0 to 6.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

19. The composition of claim 17, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight percent; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (i) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight percent; (j) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight percent; and (k) is employed in an amount of 1.5 to 4.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

20. The composition of claim 15, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight percent; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (i) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight percent; and (k) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

21. The composition of claim 16, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight percent; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight percent; (j) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight percent; and (k) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

22. The composition of any one of claims 12 to 21 having a pH in the range of 4.8 to 5.

3.

23. The composition according to any one of claims 12 to 21, further comprising an extract of Bodega species of trees leaves employed in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.

24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the Bordeaux tree leaf extract is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

25. Use of a composition for the preparation of a medicament for treating skin suffering from oxidative stress and actively pre-stimulating said skin so as to increase its own ability to defend itself against future free radical attacks, said composition comprising: (1) A mixture of at least the following: (a) 1 to 10% by weight of an extract of the leaves of the plant Cercidiphyllum serrata; (b) 0.5 to 3% by weight of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; (c) 0.5 to 3% by weight of an extract of the leaves of Rhapis odorata; and (f) 1.0 to 8.0 weight percent of at least one wetting agent; (2) emulsifiers; and (3) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a), (b), (c) and (f) are employed in amounts which synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively priming the skin to enhance its own defenses against future free radical attack, thereby improving its health and appearance, wherein the composition is natural and does not contain a skin sensitizing effective amount of essential oils and has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5, and The composition is in the form of a solution, suspension, cream, gel, spray, ointment, foam or a combination thereof.

26. The use according to claim 25, wherein the mixture further comprises: (d) 1 to 5% by weight of a bark / seed extract of Quercus vulgaris.

27. The use according to claim 25, wherein the mixture further comprises: (e) 1 to 5 wt% of a blend of Amaranthus sutchuenensis, Muira Puama and Lilium candidum extracts.

28. The use of claim 26, wherein the mixture further comprises: (e) 1 to 5 weight percent of a blend of Amaranthus sutchuenensis, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts.

29. The use of claim 28, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight %; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (d) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight %; (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight %; and (f) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0 weight %, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

30. The use of claim 26, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 1 to 10 weight percent; (b) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 weight percent; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 weight percent; (d) is employed in an amount of 1 to 5 weight percent; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.0 to 6.0 weight percent, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

31. The use of claim 26, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight %; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (d) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight %; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.5 to 4.0 weight %, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

32. The use of claim 27, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight %; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight %; and (f) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0 weight %, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

33. Use according to any one of claims 25 to 32, further comprising an extract of the leaves of the Bordeaux tree employed in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

34. Use according to claim 33, wherein the Bordeaux tree leaf extract is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

35. Use of a composition for the preparation of a medicament for simultaneously treating skin suffering from oxidative stress and actively pre-stimulating said skin so as to increase its own ability to defend itself against future free radical attacks, said composition comprising: (1) a preservative system, comprising: (a) 1 to 5% by weight of a Lactobacillus ferment; (b) 1 to 5% by weight of Lactobacillus and coconut palm fruit extract; (c) up to 0.5% by weight of salicylic acid; and (d) 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of at least one weak acid salt; and (e) 1 to 10% by weight of petroleum-free 1,3-propylene glycol; (2) A mixture of at least the following: (f) 1 to 10% by weight of an extract of the leaves of the plant Cercidiphyllum serrata; (g) 0.5 to 3% by weight of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosum; (h) 0.5 to 3% by weight of an extract of the leaves of Rhapis odorata; and (k) 1.0 to 8.0% by weight of at least one wetting agent, wherein (f), (g), (h) and (k) synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively priming the skin to enhance its own defense against future free radical attack; (3) emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, The composition is natural, does not contain skin sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.

5.

36. The use of claim 35, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4 weight %; (b) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4 weight %; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.1 to 0.45 weight %; and (d) is employed in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4 weight %; and (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 8 weight %, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

37. The use of claim 35, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4 weight %; (b) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4 weight %; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.25 to 0.4 weight %; and (d) is employed in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4 weight %; and (e) is employed in an amount of 4 to 6 weight %, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

38. The use according to claim 35, wherein the mixture further comprises: (i) 1 to 5% by weight of a bark / seed extract of Quercus vulgaris.

39. The use of claim 35, wherein the mixture further comprises: (j) 1 to 5 weight percent of a blend of Amaranthus sutchuenensis, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts.

40. The use of claim 38, wherein the mixture further comprises: (j) 1 to 5 weight percent of a blend of Amaranthus sutchuenensis, Muira Puama, and Lilium candidum extracts.

41. The use of claim 40, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight %; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (i) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight %; (j) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight %; and (k) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0 weight %, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

42. The use of claim 38, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight %; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (i) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight %; and (k) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0 weight %, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

43. The use of claim 39, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5 weight %; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2 weight %; (j) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3 weight %; and (k) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0 weight %, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

44. Use according to any one of claims 35 to 43, wherein the pH of the composition is in the range of 4.8 to 5.

3.

45. Use according to any one of claims 35 to 43, further comprising an extract of the leaves of the Bordeaux tree employed in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

46. ​​The use according to claim 45, wherein the Bordeaux tree leaf extract is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

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