A femoral drilling guide and femoral bone drilling kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Abstract

The present invention discloses a femoral drilling kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The kit includes an intramedullary rod connector for connecting an intramedullary rod to a femoral drill guide and ensuring alignment of the femoral drill guide. This simple, versatile instrument allows for reliable, precise, convenient, and repeatable positioning of the femoral drill guide and osteotomy in situ, meeting the individual needs of individual patients while minimizing the impact of surgical expertise and other subjective factors on surgical outcomes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of medical orthopedics, and in particular to a femoral drilling guide and a femoral bone drilling kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Background Art

[0002] UKA, also known as unicompartmental knee arthroplasty or partial knee replacement, is a procedure that replaces or reconstructs only a portion of the patient's knee to alleviate severe discomfort caused by arthritis and degeneration of the cartilage in the lateral or medial condyle of the knee. It is considered a minimally invasive alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), in which the cuboid bones of the distal femur and proximal tibia are completely removed and reconstructed with femoral and tibial prosthetic devices. The advantages of UKA over TKA are well-documented.

[0003] The procedure for UKA using an intramedullary rod connector for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is as follows: The necessary incisions are made in the patient's knee, and fat and other tissue are removed to expose the anterior tibia and distal femur. Osteophytes are removed, and the tibial plateau is positioned and osteotomized. The knee is flexed 45°, and a hole is drilled in the femur at the appropriate location and angle to insert the intramedullary rod. With the knee flexed 90°, an indicator line is marked relative to the femoral drill guide. An intramedullary rod connector with a 0° angle between its ends is inserted into the intramedullary rod and the other end into the lateral hole of the femoral drill guide, ensuring proper guide alignment. Once the femoral drill guide is aligned, the intramedullary rod connector and femoral drill guide are removed. The posterior femoral osteotomy guide is inserted into the drill hole, and the posterior femoral condyle articular surface is resected using sagittal moment. The posterior femoral osteotomy guide is removed.

[0004] The current surgical procedure requires first removing the femoral drill guide and then inserting the posterior femoral osteotomy guide block before the femoral osteotomy can be performed, repeating the process. Currently, intramedullary rod connectors are only available with a 0° angle between the two ends. Therefore, conventional intramedullary rod connectors cannot meet the diverse anatomical characteristics of different patients. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a femoral drilling kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with a rational structural design.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problem is: a femoral drilling guide for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, which is provided with a first functional hole, a second functional hole, a third functional hole and a fourth functional hole along the transverse axis. The first functional hole and the second functional hole are respectively arranged in parallel on the upper and lower sides of the drilling guide, and the third functional hole and the fourth functional hole are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the drilling guide. A supporting tongue plate adapted to the knee joint is provided on the lower side of the main body, an osteotomy groove is provided on the transverse axis of the drilling guide, and the third functional hole and the fourth functional hole are arranged downward relative to the horizontal plane of the transverse axis.

[0007] Furthermore, guide grooves are provided on both sides of the supporting tongue plate. Furthermore, a central guide line is provided at the center of the osteotomy groove and the upper end surface of the drilling guide.

[0008] Furthermore: the third functional hole and the fourth functional hole are arranged at an angle of 10° to 15° downward relative to the horizontal plane of the horizontal axis.

[0009] A femoral osteotomy kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty includes the above-mentioned femoral drilling guide and an intramedullary rod connector. The intramedullary rod connector includes a telescopic shaft and a first positioning rod and a second positioning rod. The first positioning rod and the second positioning rod are respectively fixed to the two ends of the telescopic shaft. The telescopic shaft axially telescopically slides and does not rotate. The first positioning rod is fixed perpendicularly to the telescopic shaft, and the second positioning rod is set inwardly with a 2° to 12° relative to the axial vertical line of the telescopic shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the intramedullary rod connector can be provided with multiple models, wherein each second positioning rod having an internal offset of 1° is generally designated as one model.

[0011] Further: the third functional hole and the fourth functional hole and the guide adopt a split structure, wherein in order to adapt to the needs of various angles, fixed grooves are provided on the upper rear and lower front parts of both sides of the guide, and the fixed grooves are arranged horizontally. The hole bodies of the third functional hole and the fourth functional hole are arranged horizontally, and the upper fixed groove body and the lower fixed groove body are respectively provided with a first adaptation groove and a second adaptation groove, and the first adaptation groove and the second adaptation groove are interference-fitted into the upper and lower fixed groove bodies. The first adaptation groove and the second adaptation groove are provided with slide grooves inclined to the horizontal plane, and are divided into multiple groups of models according to the inclination angle.

[0012] Further: the second positioning rod and the telescopic shaft have an inclination angle, the second positioning rod and the telescopic shaft are connected by a connecting piece, one end of the connecting piece is plugged into or threadedly fixed with the raised portion of the telescopic shaft, the raised portion is arranged perpendicular to the telescopic shaft, the end face of the other end of the connecting piece is inclined, and the end face of the other end of the connecting piece is provided with another raised portion perpendicular to the end face, the second positioning rod is plugged into or threadedly fixed with the other raised portion, wherein the inclination of the end face of the other end of the connecting piece relative to the horizontal end face of the telescopic shaft is set in multiple models according to the inclination range.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: The present invention addresses the defects of existing femoral drilling guides causing duplication of surgical steps and existing intramedullary rod connectors that cannot meet the different anatomical characteristics of different patients. The present invention provides a set of instruments for UKA surgery: a new femoral drilling guide that combines the characteristics of a femoral drilling guide and a posterior femoral osteotomy guide block, and an intramedullary rod connector that connects the intramedullary rod to the femoral drilling guide and ensures alignment of the femoral drilling guide. Due to its simple structure and wide selection, this set of instruments can more reliably, accurately, conveniently, and repeatably position the femoral drilling guide and perform osteotomies in the original position, meeting the personalized needs of different patients and reducing the impact of surgical expertise and other subjective factors on the surgical outcome during the operation. Furthermore, the intramedullary rod connector and femoral drilling guide involved in the present invention have a simple structure, are easy to operate, and are easy to promote and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a femoral drilling guide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a femoral drilling guide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an intramedullary rod connector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the α angle between the femur and tibia according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the osteotomy structure of the femoral osteotomy kit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the fixing groove arrangement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection arrangement structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the guide groove and gasket arrangement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure numbers: femoral drilling guide 1, first functional hole 11, second functional hole 12, third functional hole 13, fourth functional hole 14, supporting tongue plate 15, osteotomy groove 16, guide groove 17, intramedullary rod connector 2, telescopic shaft 21, first positioning rod 22, second positioning rod 23, tibia 3, femur 4, intramedullary rod 5, fixing groove body 61, first adapting groove 62, second adapting groove 63, protrusion 64, connecting part 7, gasket 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through examples. The following examples are intended to explain the present invention but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0024] This embodiment designs a femoral osteotomy kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Specifically, for the intramedullary rod connector 2, the anatomical axis of the femur 4 passes through the center of the femoral medullary cavity. The lateral angle formed by the intersection of the anatomical axis of the femur 4 and the anatomical axis of the tibia 3 at the center of the knee joint is called the tibiofemoral angle (FTA). In clinical practice, the average normal tibiofemoral angle is 174°, and the average tibiofemoral angle supplementary angle is approximately 6° (e.g., Figure 4 As shown in α in the figure, it is precisely because of the existence of this angle that the small holes on both sides of the femoral drilling guide 1 are deviated about 7° inward in the horizontal position, that is, 7° inward relative to the intramedullary rod 5 (representing the anatomical axis of the femur 4), in order to meet the relatively satisfactory alignment of the femoral drilling guide 1. However, there are two problems that need to be solved in traditional surgery: the average tibiofemoral angle supplementary angle is 6°. Therefore, according to the surgical principle, the angle of the femoral drilling guide 1 in the horizontal position during the surgery should be more appropriate to be deviated 6° inward relative to the intramedullary rod 5 (representing the anatomical axis of the femur 4). and clinically, the tibiofemoral angle of 174° is actually an average value. According to optical image analysis, different patients have different anatomical structures, and therefore have different sizes of tibiofemoral angles, that is, different tibiofemoral angle supplements. According to surgical principles, for patients with different anatomical structures, the alignment of the femoral drilling guide 1 also needs to be personalized accordingly. The traditional tuning fork-like intramedullary rod connector 2 has many movable axes, so it is often difficult to insert the intramedullary rod 5 and the femoral drilling guide 1 during surgery.

[0025] Moreover, during the operation of the traditional femoral drilling guide 1, the femoral drilling guide 1 needs to be used and placed first during the operation, and then it needs to be taken out and the osteotomy guide block of the posterior femur 4 is inserted into the drill hole to use a sagittal saw to resect the posterior articular surface of the femoral condyle 4, which is troublesome and repetitive.

[0026] See also Figures 1-8In view of the above shortcomings, a femoral osteotomy kit 4 for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is specifically provided, comprising a femoral drilling guide 1 and an intramedullary rod connector 2, wherein the femoral drilling guide 1 is provided with a first functional hole 11, a second functional hole 12, a third functional hole 13 and a fourth functional hole 14 along the transverse axis, wherein the first functional hole 11 and the second functional hole 12 are respectively arranged on the drilling guide in parallel up and down, and the third functional hole 13 and the fourth functional hole 14 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the drilling guide, and a supporting tongue plate 15 adapted to the knee joint is provided on the lower side of the main body, an osteotomy groove 16 is provided on the transverse axis of the drilling guide, and the third functional hole 13 and the fourth functional hole 14 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the drilling guide. The hole 13 and the fourth functional hole 14 are tilted downward by 15° relative to the horizontal plane of the horizontal axis. The intramedullary rod connector 2 includes a telescopic shaft 21 and a first positioning rod 22 and a second positioning rod 23. The third functional hole 13 and the fourth functional hole 14 are positioning holes for adapting the first positioning rod 22 and the second positioning rod 23. The first positioning rod 22 and the second positioning rod 23 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the telescopic shaft 21. The telescopic shaft 21 is axially telescopic and sliding and does not rotate. The first positioning rod 22 is vertically fixed to the telescopic shaft 21, and the second positioning rod 23 is offset inward by 2° to 12° relative to the axial vertical line of the telescopic shaft 21.

[0027] The intramedullary rod connector 2 described in this embodiment has changed from a traditional model with only an angle of 0° at both ends to a model with an angle of 2° to 12° at both ends. A series of instruments are set on the telescopic shaft 21 every 1° to realize the change of the angle model. The telescopic shaft 21 can adjust the axial length. The shape is changed from a tuning fork-like shape to a retractable straight shape, so that the axial length can be adjusted to meet the needs. The first positioning rod at one end of the intramedullary rod connector 2 has an angle of 2° to 12° with the telescopic shaft, and the second positioning rod at the other end is perpendicular to the telescopic shaft. When in use, the angled end is first inserted into the femoral drilling guide 1, and then the flexion rod is extended to adapt to the position of the intramedullary rod 5. After the appropriate midline position is marked, the second positioning rod is inserted and fixed to achieve the positioning of the osteotomy and drilling site. In this embodiment, the femoral drilling guide 1 is improved according to the above-mentioned problems and the problem of repeated drilling and osteotomy steps during the operation. First, the double holes on both sides of the femoral drilling guide 1 used for connection with one end of the intramedullary rod connector 2 are changed from 7° outward on the horizontal plane to 0° on the horizontal plane, and the downward angle of 10 to 15° is maintained unchanged (based on the femur and tibia being at a 90-degree position, the femoral force line is 10 to 15° with the horizontal plane, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown in Figure β, the adjustable tongue of the femoral drilling guide 1, which is originally used to clamp the gap between the tibia 3 and femur 4, is replaced with a simpler, more clinically common fixed tongue. A resection template resembling a posterior femoral osteotomy guide block is added above the tongue.

[0028] This embodiment provides a method for using a femoral osteotomy kit 4, a femoral drilling guide 1, and a support tongue plate 15 is set between the proximal end of the tibia 3 and the condyle of the femur 4 to separate the two end faces. The first positioning rod 22 at one end of the intramedullary rod connector 2 is set in the positioning hole on one side of the femoral drilling guide 1. After adjusting the appropriate length, the second positioning rod 23 is used to connect the intramedullary nail to ensure the stable position of the femoral drilling guide 1. A drilling device is used to drill the first functional hole 11 and the second functional hole 12, and a bone saw is used to perform osteotomy on the condyle of the femur 4 through the osteotomy groove 16. Due to the preset support tongue plate 15 and osteotomy groove 16. The distance between the first functional hole 11 and the second functional hole 12 is large enough so that the femoral component 4 (prosthesis) is fixed to the femur 4 and the limited size of the tibial gasket 3 (prosthesis) is relatively accurate, which enables better positioning and fixation. By using this kit, the positioning osteotomy of the femoral condyle 4 and the positioning installation of the femoral condyle 4 prosthesis can be achieved in one step, reducing the number of surgical steps and the installation and positioning of the auxiliary kit, making the operation simpler and simplifying the surgical process.

[0029] At the same time, the embodiment of this city specifically provides an angle change structure of the third function hole 13 and the fourth function hole 14 and an angle change structure of the second positioning rod 23 for adapting to different angles of the patient;

[0030] Specifically, the third functional hole 13 and the fourth functional hole 14 and the guide adopt a split structure, wherein in order to adapt to the needs of various angles, fixed grooves 61 are provided on the upper rear and lower front parts of both sides of the guide, and the fixed grooves 61 are arranged horizontally. The hole bodies of the third functional hole 13 and the fourth functional hole 14 are arranged horizontally, and the upper fixed groove 61 and the lower fixed groove 61 are respectively provided with a first adapting groove 62 and a second adapting groove 63, and the first adapting groove 62 and the second adapting groove 63 are interference-fitted in the upper and lower fixed grooves 61. The first adapting groove 62 and the second adapting groove 63 are respectively interference-fitted in the upper and lower fixed grooves 61. 63 is provided with a slide groove inclined to the horizontal plane, which is divided into multiple groups of models according to the inclination angle, wherein the inclination angle range is 10-15°, and each 1° is matched as a model. The upper slide groove is horizontal to the lower slide groove, and the upper and lower sides of the third functional hole 13 and the fourth functional hole 14 are provided with protrusions 64 adapted to the slide groove. The protrusions 64 are adapted to the slide groove by interference fit (interference fit has a certain resistance, and it is not easy to produce relative displacement after being inserted into the corresponding position). Therefore, the use of different models of first adapter grooves 62 and second adapter grooves 63 can make the third functional hole 13 and the fourth functional hole 14 have different inclination angles.

[0031] Specifically, the second positioning rod 23 has an inclination angle with the telescopic shaft 21, and the second positioning rod 23 is connected to the telescopic shaft 21 by a connecting piece 7. One end of the connecting piece 7 is plugged into or threadedly fixed with the raised portion of the telescopic shaft 21, and the raised portion is perpendicular to the telescopic shaft 21. The end face of the other end of the connecting piece 7 is inclined, and the end face of the other end of the connecting piece 7 is provided with another raised portion perpendicular to the end face, and the second positioning rod 23 is plugged into or threadedly fixed with the other raised portion, wherein the inclination of the end face of the other end of the connecting piece 7 relative to the horizontal end face of the telescopic shaft 21 is set in multiple models according to the inclination range, the specific range is 2-12°, and a model is set every 1° for adaptation.

[0032] Guide grooves 17 are provided on both sides of the support tongue plate 15. The guide grooves 17 are used to adapt to different gaskets 8. The gasket 8 has a U-shaped cross-section and is slidably arranged on the inner side in the guide groove 17, so that the thickness of the support tongue plate 15 can be changed to meet the size difference requirements of the clearance fit between the femur 4 and the tibia 3 of different patients. By changing the thickness of the support tongue plate 15, the tibia 3 can be determined to adapt to the template.

[0033] The above-mentioned connection structure eliminates the need to prepare multiple models of guides and telescopic shafts. Only small components need to be replaced to achieve replacement and adaptation of various angles, meet the different angle requirements of different patients, improve positioning accuracy, have low cost, good effect, are easy to use, and are suitable for popularization and use. The present invention addresses the defects of the existing femoral drilling guide 1 causing repeated surgical steps and the existing intramedullary rod connector 2 being unable to meet the different anatomical characteristics of different patients, and provides a set of instruments for UKA surgery. Through the coordinated use of the femoral drilling guide 1 and the intramedullary rod connector 2 involved in the present invention, the femoral drilling guide 1 can be positioned and osteotomized more reliably, accurately, easily, and repeatedly at the original position, meeting the personalized needs of different patients and reducing the influence of surgical expertise and other subjective factors on the surgical effect during the operation. At the same time, the intramedullary rod connector 2 and the femoral drilling guide 1 involved in the present invention have simple structures, are easy to operate, and are easy to promote and use.

[0034] The above contents described in this specification are merely examples of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions, or substitutions to the described embodiments, without departing from the contents of this specification or exceeding the scope defined by the claims, and such modifications, additions, or substitutions may be made to the described embodiments. Such modifications, additions, or substitutions may be made by persons skilled in the art. Such modifications, additions, or substitutions may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the contents of this specification or exceeding the scope defined by the claims, and such modifications shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A femoral osteotomy kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, characterized by: The invention comprises a femoral drilling guide and an intramedullary rod connector, wherein the femoral drilling guide is provided with a first functional hole, a second functional hole, a third functional hole and a fourth functional hole along the transverse axis, wherein the first functional hole and the second functional hole are respectively arranged in parallel on the drilling guide in an upper and lower direction, and the third functional hole and the fourth functional hole are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the drilling guide, and a supporting tongue plate adapted to the knee joint is provided on the lower side of the femoral drilling guide, an osteotomy groove is provided along the transverse axis of the drilling guide, and the third functional hole and the fourth functional hole are arranged downward relative to the horizontal plane of the transverse axis; The intramedullary rod connector includes a telescopic shaft and a first positioning rod and a second positioning rod. The first positioning rod and the second positioning rod are respectively fixed to the two ends of the telescopic shaft. The telescopic shaft axially telescopically slides and does not rotate. The first positioning rod is fixed perpendicularly to the telescopic shaft, and the second positioning rod is offset inwardly by 2° to 12° relative to the axial vertical line of the telescopic shaft. The third function hole and the fourth function hole and the guide adopt a split structure, wherein in order to adapt to the needs of various angles, fixed grooves are provided on the upper rear part and the lower front part of both sides of the guide, and the fixed grooves are arranged horizontally. The hole bodies of the third function hole and the fourth function hole are arranged horizontally, and the upper fixed groove body and the lower fixed groove body are respectively provided with a first adapting groove and a second adapting groove, and the first adapting groove and the second adapting groove are interference-fitted in the fixed groove bodies arranged above and below. The first adapting groove and the second adapting groove are provided with slide grooves inclined to the horizontal plane, and are divided into multiple groups of models according to the inclination angle. The upper and lower sides of the third function hole and the fourth function hole are provided with protrusions adapted to the slide grooves, and the protrusions are interference-fitted with the slide grooves; The second positioning rod and the telescopic shaft have an inclination angle, and the second positioning rod and the telescopic shaft are connected by a connecting piece. One end of the connecting piece is plugged into or threadedly fixed with the raised portion of the telescopic shaft, and the raised portion is vertically arranged to the telescopic shaft. The end face of the other end of the connecting piece is inclined, and the end face of the other end of the connecting piece is provided with another raised portion perpendicular to the end face. The second positioning rod is plugged into or threadedly fixed with the other raised portion, and the inclination of the end face of the other end of the connecting piece relative to the horizontal end face of the telescopic shaft is set in multiple models according to the inclination range.

2. The femoral osteotomy kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty according to claim 1, characterized in that: Guide grooves are provided on both sides of the supporting tongue plate.

3. The femoral osteotomy kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the osteotomy groove and the upper end surface of the drilling guide are both provided with a center guide line.

4. The femoral osteotomy kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third functional hole and the fourth functional hole are arranged at an angle of 10° to 15° downward relative to the horizontal plane of the transverse axis.

5. The femoral osteotomy kit for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intramedullary rod connector can be provided with multiple models, wherein each second positioning rod with an internal offset of 1° is generally designated as one model.

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