A teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation

Abstract

This invention discloses a teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation, comprising a base plate on which a lifting and adjusting assembly is mounted. A skull model is mounted on top of the lifting and adjusting assembly. The skull model has a temporalis muscle spring assembly between the temporal bone and coronoid process, a masseter muscle spring assembly between the zygomatic arch and the lateral surface of the lower border of the mandibular angle, a medial pterygoid muscle spring assembly between the posteromedial aspect of the maxillary tuberosity and the medial surface of the lower border of the mandibular angle, and a lateral pterygoid muscle spring assembly between the articular pterygoid fossa and the lateral pterygoid plate at the condylar neck. In this invention, the skull model can rotate on top of the lifting and adjusting assembly, allowing the device to visually display the temporomandibular joint and the mandibular elevating muscles closely related to joint dislocation, simulating the movement of muscles inside the oral cavity, thus realistically simulating the force resistance against the mandibular elevating muscles during temporomandibular joint reduction. Furthermore, the device allows for angle adjustment to accommodate students in different positions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical teaching technology, and in particular to a teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation. Background Technology

[0002] Acute anterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is a common emergency in oral medicine, which can be unilateral or bilateral. The most common treatment is intraoral manual reduction, which requires the dentist to accurately understand the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and its surrounding muscles, assess the extent of the dislocation, and counteract the forces of the mandibular muscles to return the dislocated joint to the glenoid fossa. Improper reduction can cause significant pain for the patient, and repeated failures can lead to patient anxiety, muscle tension and contraction, increasing the difficulty of reduction. Inaccurate reduction techniques can also result in the dentist biting their fingers or causing cross-infection. Therefore, teaching standardized reduction techniques is extremely important; however, current teaching methods rely mainly on anatomical images and videos, lacking visual aids, resulting in unsatisfactory teaching outcomes.

[0003] A teaching model for temporomandibular joint repositioning is disclosed in patent CN108847107B. The model includes a base plate with a support rod vertically welded to one end. A skull model is fixed to the top of the support rod. Arc-shaped grooves are formed on both sides of the skull model near the base plate. Ball bearings are slidably fitted inside the grooves. A swing rod is welded to the end of each ball bearing extending beyond the groove. Two sets of swing rods are hinged to U-shaped temporomandibular joint models matching the size of the skull model at their ends. A long strip of muscle model is adhered to the grooves away from the support rods and fixedly connected to the surface of the skull model. Elastic top blocks are equidistantly fitted along the length of the muscle model on the side away from the skull model. This invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate. It simulates different repositioning techniques by simulating different tilt angles and displays the repositioning results at different tilt angles in real time, facilitating teaching and student observation. However, this teaching model cannot simulate the muscle movements inside the mouth and cannot counteract the force of the jaw-lifting muscles during the repositioning process; in addition, the device cannot be rotated during use, thus it cannot accommodate students in different positions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention aims to provide a teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation. This device can visually display the temporomandibular joint and the jaw-lifting muscles closely related to the joint dislocation, simulate the movement of muscles inside the mouth, and thus realistically simulate the force resistance of the jaw-lifting muscles during temporomandibular joint reduction. Furthermore, it can be angled to accommodate students from different positions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation includes a base plate, characterized in that: a lifting and adjusting assembly is installed on the base plate, and a skull model is provided on the top of the lifting and adjusting assembly. The skull model has a temporalis muscle spring assembly between the temporal bone and the coronoid process, a masseter muscle spring assembly between the zygomatic arch and the lateral surface of the lower border of the angle of the mandible, a medial pterygoid muscle spring assembly between the posteromedial aspect of the maxillary tuberosity and the medial surface of the lower border of the angle of the mandible, and a lateral pterygoid muscle spring assembly between the articular pterygoid fossa and the lateral pterygoid plate of the condylar neck.

[0007] Furthermore, the temporalis muscle spring assembly includes two screws, with a spring between the two screws, and hooks matching the screws are fixed at both ends of the spring.

[0008] The structures of the masseter muscle spring group, the medial pterygoid muscle spring group, and the lateral pterygoid muscle spring group are the same as those of the temporalis muscle spring group.

[0009] Furthermore, the lifting and adjusting assembly includes a first telescopic rod fixed to the base plate and a second telescopic rod slidably connected to the base plate. A hydraulic rod is provided between the first and second telescopic rods. The hydraulic rod is fixed to the base plate. A left mounting plate is rotatably connected to the top of the first telescopic rod, and a right mounting plate is fixed to the top of the second telescopic rod. The left and right mounting plates have matching shapes on their contacting sides. The skull model is mounted on the left and right mounting plates. A crossbar is connected between the telescopic ends of the first and second telescopic rods. One end of the crossbar is fixedly connected to the first telescopic rod, and the other end is detachably connected to the second telescopic rod. The top of the hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the crossbar.

[0010] Furthermore, the skull model includes a left skull and maxilla component, a right skull and maxilla component, a left mandible component, and a right mandible component. The left skull and maxilla component and the left mandible component are connected, and the right skull and maxilla component and the right mandible component are connected. The left skull and maxilla component is slidably connected to the left mounting plate, and the right skull and maxilla component is slidably connected to the right mounting plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the side of the left mounting plate near the right mounting plate has an arc-shaped structure. The top surface of the left mounting plate has a left sliding groove that extends through the right end face. A left sliding block is slidably connected in the left sliding groove, and the top end of the left sliding block is fixedly connected to the left skull and maxillary bone component. The top surface of the right mounting plate has a right sliding groove that extends through the left end face. A right sliding block is slidably connected in the right sliding groove, and the top end of the right sliding block is fixedly connected to the right skull and maxillary bone component. A fixing component is also provided between the left sliding block, the right sliding block, the left mounting plate, and the right mounting plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the fixing component includes a first step plate fixedly connected to the right side of the left sliding block and a second step plate fixedly connected to the left side of the right sliding block. The recesses of the first step plate and the second step plate match each other. A first threaded rod is threadedly connected to the right mounting plate. The first threaded rod movably passes through the right mounting plate, the left mounting plate, the left sliding groove, the first step plate, and the second step plate.

[0013] Furthermore, an arc-shaped first sliding groove is provided on the base plate, and the bottom end of the second telescopic rod is slidably connected to the first sliding groove, with the projection of the connection point between the first telescopic rod and the left mounting plate on the base plate as the center.

[0014] Furthermore, a rotation limiting component is provided between the first telescopic rod and the left mounting plate. The rotation limiting component includes a fixed gear fixedly mounted on the bottom of the left mounting plate. The telescopic end of the first telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a mounting box. A drive component is installed inside the mounting box. A lifting rod is fixedly mounted on the top of the drive component. A limiting gear is fixedly mounted on the top of the lifting rod. The projection of the limiting gear on the left mounting plate meshes with the fixed gear.

[0015] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes a square rod fixedly disposed on the right side inside the mounting box, a drive block slidably sleeved on the square rod, a second threaded rod rotatably connected to the left side of the drive block, a clearance groove being formed at the center of one end of the second threaded rod near the drive block, the square rod being located within the clearance groove, and the second threaded rod movably penetrating through the left side wall of the mounting box, a support rod fixedly disposed at the bottom of the drive block, the support rod being slidably connected to the bottom of the mounting box, and the top of the drive block being connected to the bottom end of the lifting rod via a linkage assembly.

[0016] Furthermore, the linkage assembly includes a sliding rod, both ends of which are slidably connected to the inner sidewall of the mounting box via linkage blocks. The bottom end of the lifting rod is fixedly connected to the sliding rod. A movable rod is movably connected between one of the linkage blocks and the driving block, and a third telescopic rod is also fixedly connected between the sliding rod and the driving block.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: compared with the prior art, the improvement of this invention lies in that...

[0018] 1. The temporomandibular joint dislocation reduction teaching device of the present invention has a temporalis muscle spring group between the temporal bone and coronoid process of the skull model, a masseter muscle spring group between the zygomatic arch and the lateral surface of the lower border of the mandibular angle, a medial pterygoid muscle spring group between the posteromedial aspect of the maxillary tuberosity and the medial surface of the lower border of the mandibular angle, and a lateral pterygoid muscle spring group between the articular pterygoid fossa and the lateral pterygoid plate of the condylar neck. The spring group can simulate the movement of muscles inside the human oral cavity, thereby resisting the force of the mandibular ascending muscle group during the reduction process, so that the dislocated joint crosses the mandibular tuberosity and returns to the articular fossa.

[0019] 2. In this invention, the skull model is divided into four parts. The left skull and maxillary bone component are connected to the left mandibular bone component to form an integral structure. The right skull and maxillary bone component are connected to the right mandibular bone component to form an integral structure. These two integral structures can be fixed together to form a complete skull model for teaching and practicing manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation. Alternatively, these two integral structures can be separated to observe and explain the anatomical structure inside the oral cavity, as well as the muscle groups and occlusal relationship.

[0020] 3. When the integrated structure formed by connecting the left skull and maxillary bone component with the left mandibular bone component and the integrated structure formed by connecting the right skull and maxillary bone component with the right mandibular bone component are separated, the right skull and maxillary bone component with the right mandibular bone component can be rotated to the posterior side, and then the integrated structure formed by connecting the left skull and maxillary bone component with the left mandibular bone component can be rotated 360 degrees, thus making it suitable for students in different positions. When these two parts are fixed together for teaching the manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation, the entire skull model can also be rotated, making it suitable for students in different positions and improving the teaching effect.

[0021] 4. In this invention, a rotation limiting component is also provided between the first telescopic rod and the left mounting plate. The rotation limiting component can be used to quickly fix the left mounting plate after it is rotated to the desired position. The fixing process only requires rotating the second threaded rod to drive the limiting gear to move upward and mesh with the fixing gear, thereby fixing the left mounting plate, simulating the need to keep the patient's head stable in clinical practice.

[0022] 5. The lifting and adjusting component in this invention can be adjusted to the height of the skull model to accommodate different heights and operating table heights. The simulation should ensure that the patient's jaw plane is below the elbow joint, thus facilitating repositioning. The crossbar and the second telescopic rod in the lifting and adjusting component are detachably connected, which means that the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod can be raised and lowered simultaneously, or the crossbar and the second telescopic rod can be detached, thus facilitating the second telescopic rod to drive the right skull and maxillary bone components and the right mandibular bone components to rotate independently. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view of the teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a side view of the teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the skull model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the temporalis muscle spring assembly structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a front view of the teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation when the left skull and maxillary bone components and the right skull and maxillary bone components are fixed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a side view of the teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a front view of the teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation when the left skull and maxillary bone components and the right skull and maxillary bone components are separated, according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of a portion of the structure in section A.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a top view of the base plate structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a top view of the structure when the left and right mounting plates are fixed in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 12 This is a top view of the left mounting plate structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 13 This is a top view of the right mounting plate structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the rotation limiting component in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the rotation limiting component meshes with the fixed gear in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 17 This is a side view of the square rod and drive block structure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0040] Wherein: 1-Base plate, 101-First sliding groove, 2-Skull model, 201-Left skull and maxilla component, 202-Right skull and maxilla component, 203-Left mandible component, 204-Right mandible component, 3-Temporalis muscle spring assembly, 301-Screw, 302-Spring, 303-Hook, 4-Masseus muscle spring assembly, 5-Medial pterygoid muscle spring assembly, 6-lateral pterygoid muscle spring assembly, 7-First telescopic rod, 8-Second telescopic rod, 801-Limiting through hole, 802-Torsion spring, 9-Hydraulic rod, 10-Left mounting plate, 1001-Left sliding groove, 1002-Left sliding block, 1003-First threaded through hole, 11-Right mounting plate, 1101-Right sliding groove, 1102-Right sliding block, 1103-Second threaded through hole 12-Through hole, 13-Crossbar, 14-Threaded groove, 15-Threaded through hole, 16-Fixed gear, 17-Mounting box, 18-Connecting rod, 19-Bottom sliding groove, 10-Side wall sliding groove, 11-Lifting rod, 22-Limiting gear, 23-Square rod, 24-Support rod, 25-Sliding rod, 26-Third telescopic rod sliding groove, 27-Moving rod, 28-Third telescopic rod, 29-Third threaded rod. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] See attached document Figure 1-4The illustrated teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation includes a base plate 1. A lifting and adjusting assembly is mounted on the base plate 1. A skull model 2 is mounted on top of the lifting and adjusting assembly. The skull model 2 has a temporalis muscle spring assembly 3 between the temporal bone and coronoid process, a masseter muscle spring assembly 4 between the zygomatic arch and the lateral surface of the lower border of the mandibular angle, a medial pterygoid muscle spring assembly 5 between the posteromedial aspect of the maxillary tuberosity and the medial surface of the lower border of the mandibular angle, and a lateral pterygoid muscle spring assembly 6 between the articular pterygoid fossa and the lateral pterygoid plate at the neck of the condyle. In this embodiment, the lifting and adjusting assembly can adopt an existing telescopic rod structure. The telescopic rod can move the skull model 2 up and down, thereby facilitating its height reduction and ensuring the patient's jaw plane is below the elbow joint, thus facilitating reduction. Except for the improvements mentioned above, the skull model 2 is identical to existing skull models.

[0044] The temporalis muscle spring assembly 3 includes two screws 301, and a spring 302 is provided between the two screws 301. Both ends of the spring 302 are fixed with hooks 303 that match the screws 301.

[0045] The structures of the masseter muscle spring group 4, the medial pterygoid muscle spring group 5, and the lateral pterygoid muscle spring group 6 are the same as those of the temporalis muscle spring group 3.

[0046] Specifically, the temporalis muscle spring assembly 3 is set up as follows: two screws 301 are set at the temporal bone and two screws 301 are set at the coronoid process. The two springs 302 are connected to the corresponding screws 301 at the temporal bone and coronoid process respectively using hooks 303.

[0047] The masseter spring assembly 4 is set up as follows: two screws 301 are set at the zygomatic arch and two screws 301 are set at the outer side of the lower edge of the mandibular angle. The two springs 302 are connected to the corresponding screws 301 at the zygomatic arch and the lower edge of the mandibular angle respectively using hooks 303.

[0048] The medial pterygoid muscle spring assembly 5 is set up as follows: two screws 301 are set behind the maxillary tubercle of the maxilla, and two screws 301 are set on the inner side of the lower edge of the mandibular angle. Two springs 302 are connected to the corresponding screws 301 behind the maxillary tubercle of the maxilla and on the inner side of the lower edge of the mandibular angle using hooks 303 respectively.

[0049] The lateral pterygoid muscle spring assembly 6 is configured as follows: a screw 301 is installed in the articular pterygoid fossa of the condyle neck, and a screw 301 is installed on the outer side of the lateral pterygoid plate. A hook 303 is used to connect the spring 302 to the corresponding screw 301.

[0050] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When manually reducing a dislocated temporomandibular joint, the thumb is placed on the mandibular molars, and the other fingers are placed on the lower edge of the mandible. The mandible is pulled forward and downward, beyond the plane of the mandibular tubercle, and then pushed backward and upward to allow the condylar head to slide into the glenoid fossa. At the same time, care must be taken to remove the thumb from the molars in time to avoid being bitten. The temporalis muscle spring group 3, masseter muscle spring group 4, medial pterygoid muscle spring group 5, and lateral pterygoid muscle spring group 6 can simulate muscle movement, thereby counteracting the force of the mandibular ascending muscle group during the reduction process, allowing the dislocated joint to cross the mandibular tubercle and return to the glenoid fossa.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] Based on Embodiment 1, the lifting adjustment component is as follows: Figure 5-13 As shown, it specifically includes a first telescopic rod 7 fixed to the base plate 1, and a second telescopic rod 8 slidably connected to the base plate 1. The base plate 1 has an arc-shaped first sliding groove 101, and the bottom end of the second telescopic rod 8 is slidably connected to the first sliding groove 101. A hydraulic rod 9 is provided between the first telescopic rod 7 and the second telescopic rod 8, and the hydraulic rod 9 is fixed to the base plate 1. The top of the first telescopic rod 7 is rotatably connected to a left mounting plate 10 via a bearing, and the top of the second telescopic rod 8 is fixed to a right mounting plate 11. The side of the left mounting plate 10 closest to the right mounting plate 11 has an arc-shaped structure, and the left side of the right mounting plate 11 has an arc-shaped structure matching the right side of the left mounting plate 10. The right mounting plate 11 can be attached and fixed to the left mounting plate 10. At this time, the left mounting plate 10 and the right mounting plate 11 can rotate together around the point where the first telescopic rod 7 and the left mounting plate 10 are connected. This is achieved by the sliding of the second telescopic rod 8 in the first sliding groove 101. The first sliding groove 101 is centered on the projection of the connection point of the first telescopic rod 7 and the left mounting plate 10 onto the base plate 1. The right mounting plate 11 can also be separated from the left mounting plate 10. The right mounting plate 11 and the second telescopic rod 8 can rotate independently, also by the sliding of the second telescopic rod 8 in the first sliding groove 101. Therefore, the arc-shaped structure of the right side of the left mounting plate 10 and the left side of the right mounting plate 11 can ensure the independent rotation of the right mounting plate 11.

[0053] The skull model 2 includes a left skull and maxilla component 201, a right skull and maxilla component 202, a left mandible component 203, and a right mandible component 204. The left skull and maxilla component 201 and the left mandible component 203 are connected, and the right skull and maxilla component 202 and the right mandible component 204 are connected. The left skull and maxilla component 201 is slidably connected to the left mounting plate 10, and the right skull and maxilla component 202 is slidably connected to the right mounting plate 11. It should be noted that in this embodiment, except for cutting the skull model 2 in the middle, the other connection methods are exactly the same as in Embodiment 1. These two parts are in contact but not connected; they can be completely fitted or separated. When fitted, they form a complete skull model.

[0054] A crossbar 12 is connected between the telescopic ends of the first telescopic rod 7 and the second telescopic rod 8. One end of the crossbar 12 is fixedly connected to the first telescopic rod 7, and the other end of the crossbar 12 is detachably connected to the second telescopic rod 8. The top of the hydraulic rod 9 is fixedly connected to the crossbar 12. The second telescopic rod 8 has a left-right limiting through hole 801. The crossbar 12 has a threaded groove 1201 that matches the limiting through hole 801. A third threaded rod 29 passes through the limiting through hole 801 and the threaded groove 1201. The third threaded rod 29 passes through the limiting through hole 801 and is threadedly connected to the threaded groove 1201. A torsion spring 802 is also provided between the end of the third threaded rod 29 outside the second telescopic rod 8 and the second telescopic rod 8. The torsion spring 802 can prevent the third threaded rod 29 from disengaging from the second telescopic rod 8 and does not affect the rotation of the third threaded rod 29. When it is necessary to fix the second telescopic rod 8 and the crossbar 12, the third threaded rod 29 is screwed into the threaded groove 1201, and the third threaded rod 29 is screwed out of the threaded groove 1201 to separate the second telescopic rod 8 and the crossbar 12. When the second telescopic rod 8 is fixed to the crossbar 12, the lengths of the first telescopic rod 7 and the second telescopic rod 8 can be adjusted by the hydraulic rod 9, thereby adjusting the height of the skull model 2; when the second telescopic rod 8 is separated from the crossbar 12, the second telescopic rod 8, the right mounting plate 11, and the right skull and maxillary bone component 202 and the right mandibular bone component 204 mounted on the right mounting plate 11 can slide along the first sliding groove 101 on the base plate 1. It should be noted that the second telescopic rod 8 has two states when separated from the crossbar 12. First, the left mounting plate 10 and right mounting plate 11 are fixed, and the length of the second telescopic rod 8 does not change. Second, the left mounting plate 10 and right mounting plate 11 are also separated. In this case, there is no other support between the right mounting plate 11 and the second telescopic rod 8, and the second telescopic rod 8 can be adjusted to its shortest length without affecting its rotation. The hydraulic rod 9 uses a miniature hydraulic rod, such as the YQL200*50*22*10*660N model.

[0055] Furthermore, the top surface of the left mounting plate 10 is provided with a left sliding groove 1001 that penetrates the right end face. A left sliding block 1002 is slidably connected in the left sliding groove 1001. The top end of the left sliding block 1002 penetrates the left sliding groove 1001 and is fixedly connected to the left skull and maxillary bone component 201. The top surface of the right mounting plate 11 is provided with a right sliding groove 1101 that penetrates the left end face. A right sliding block 1102 is slidably connected in the right sliding groove 1101. The top end of the right sliding block 1102 penetrates the right sliding groove 1101 and is fixedly connected to the right skull and maxillary bone component 202. A fixing component is also provided between the left sliding block 1002, the right sliding block 1102, the left mounting plate 10, and the right mounting plate 11.

[0056] The fixing assembly includes a first stepped plate 13 fixedly connected to the right side of the left sliding block 1002, and a second stepped plate 14 fixedly connected to the left side of the right sliding block 1102. The recess of the first stepped plate 13 faces forward, and the recess of the second stepped plate 14 faces backward. The recesses of the first stepped plate 13 and the second stepped plate 14 match each other. A first threaded rod 15 is threadedly connected to the right mounting plate 11. The first threaded rod 15 movably passes through the right mounting plate 11, the left mounting plate 10, the left sliding groove 1001, the first stepped plate 13, and the second stepped plate 14. The right mounting plate 11 has a groove for connecting the left and right sliding blocks. The first threaded rod 15 is matched with a second threaded through hole 1103. The left mounting plate 10 is provided with a first threaded through hole 1003 that matches the first threaded rod 15. The first stepped plate 13 is provided with a third threaded through hole 1301 that connects the front and rear. The second stepped plate 14 is provided with a fourth threaded through hole 1401. The first threaded rod 15 passes through the second threaded through hole 1103, the first threaded through hole 1003, the third threaded through hole 1301 and the fourth threaded through hole 1401 in sequence to fix the left mounting plate 10, the right mounting plate 11, the left sliding block 1002 and the right sliding block 1102.

[0057] In this embodiment, the teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation is used by first fixing the crossbar 12 and the second telescopic rod 8, and then adjusting the length of the first telescopic rod 7 and the second telescopic rod 8 by using the hydraulic rod 9 to adjust the height of the skull model 2 to facilitate the reduction operation. The left mounting plate 10 and the right mounting plate 11 are in a fitted state. Then, the integral structure formed by the left skull and maxillary bone component 201 and the left mandibular bone component 203 (hereinafter referred to as structure I) is moved to fit with the integral structure formed by the right skull and maxillary bone component 202 and the right mandibular bone component (hereinafter referred to as structure II), and fixed with the first threaded rod 15. At this time, structure I and structure II form a complete skull model. When teaching manual reduction, the method in embodiment one is used.

[0058] When it is necessary to teach students in different positions, first unfix the second telescopic rod 8 to the crossbar 12 (by rotating the third threaded rod 29), and then rotate the left mounting plate 10, the right mounting plate 11 and the second telescopic rod 8 as a whole so that the front of the skull model 2 faces the direction of the students.

[0059] When it is necessary to observe and explain the internal anatomical morphology of the oral cavity, as well as the muscle groups and occlusal relationships, the first threaded rod 15 is rotated in the opposite direction to separate the left mounting plate 10 and the right mounting plate 11. The second telescopic rod 8 is moved to the rear side along the first sliding groove 101. Corresponding observation and degradation can be carried out through structure I. At the same time, since the first telescopic rod 7 and the left mounting plate 10 are rotatably connected, the left mounting plate 10 can be rotated at will, so as to explain to students in different positions.

[0060] Example 3:

[0061] Based on Embodiment 2, in order to fix the left mounting plate 10 when it is rotated to the required angle, a rotation limiting component is also provided between the first telescopic rod 7 and the left mounting plate 10, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 14-17 As shown. The rotation limiting assembly includes a fixed gear 16 fixed to the bottom of the left mounting plate 10. The first telescopic rod 7 passes through the fixed gear 16. The telescopic end of the first telescopic rod 7 is fixedly connected to the mounting box 17 via a connecting rod 1701. A drive assembly is installed inside the mounting box 17. A lifting rod 18 is fixedly provided on the top of the drive assembly. The lifting rod 18 passes through the top of the mounting box 17. A through hole is opened on the top surface of the mounting box 17 for the lifting rod 18 to pass through. A limiting gear 19 is fixedly provided on the top of the lifting rod 18. The projection of the limiting gear 19 on the left mounting plate 10 meshes with the fixed gear 16. When the limiting gear 19 meshes with the fixed gear 16, it can limit the fixed gear 16, thereby limiting the left mounting plate 10. When the limiting gear 19 moves downward to disengage from the fixed gear 16, the left mounting plate 10 can rotate arbitrarily.

[0062] Specifically, the drive assembly includes a square rod 20 fixedly mounted on the right side inside the mounting box 17. A drive block 21 is slidably sleeved on the square rod 20. The center of the drive block 21 has a square hole 2101 that matches the square rod 20. A second threaded rod 22 is rotatably connected to the left side of the drive block 21. The second threaded rod 22 is threaded through the left side of the mounting box 17. A clearance groove 23 is formed at the center of one end of the second threaded rod 22 near the drive block 21. The square rod 20 is located within the clearance groove 23. The drive block 21 is also provided with a rotating groove 2102 that matches the end of the second threaded rod 22; when the second threaded rod 22 rotates, it will move left and right, thereby driving the drive block 21 to move left and right along the square rod 20; a support rod 24 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the drive block 21, and the support rod 24 is slidably connected to the bottom of the mounting box 17. A bottom sliding groove 1702 matching the support rod 24 is provided on the bottom surface of the mounting box 17. The top of the drive block 21 is connected to the bottom end of the lifting rod 18 through a linkage component.

[0063] The linkage assembly includes a sliding rod 25, both ends of which are slidably connected to the inner sidewall of the mounting box 17 via a linkage block 26. The left and right sides of the mounting box 17 are provided with sidewall sliding grooves 1703 that match the linkage block 26. The bottom end of the lifting rod 18 is fixedly connected to the sliding rod 25. A movable rod 27 is movably connected between one of the linkage blocks 26 and the driving block 21. One end of the movable rod 27 is hinged to the linkage block 26, and the other end of the movable rod 27 is hinged to the driving block 21. A third telescopic rod 28 is also fixedly connected between the sliding rod 25 and the driving block 21. The bottom of the sliding rod 25 is provided with a third telescopic rod sliding groove 2501 that matches the third telescopic rod 28.

[0064] In this embodiment, when the rotation limiting component is in use, simply rotating the second threaded rod 22 will cause the drive block 21 to move downward along the square rod 20. Under the action of the movable rod 27, the connecting block 26 will move upward, thereby causing the sliding rod 25, the lifting rod 18, and the limiting gear 19 to move upward as a whole. This allows the limiting gear 19 to mesh with the fixed gear 16, thereby limiting the fixed gear 16 and the left mounting plate 10 and preventing the left mounting plate 10 from rotating during operation. Reverse rotation of the second threaded rod 22 can separate the limiting gear 19 from the fixed gear 16, thus not affecting the rotation of the left mounting plate 10.

[0065] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation, comprising a base plate (1), characterized in that: The base plate (1) is equipped with a lifting and adjusting assembly. The top of the lifting and adjusting assembly is provided with a skull model (2). The skull model (2) is provided with a temporal muscle spring assembly (3) between the temporal bone and the coronoid process, a masseter muscle spring assembly (4) between the zygomatic arch and the lateral surface of the lower border of the angle of the mandible, a medial pterygoid muscle spring assembly (5) between the posteromedial aspect of the maxillary tuberosity and the medial surface of the lower border of the angle of the mandible, and a lateral pterygoid muscle spring assembly (6) between the articular pterygoid fossa of the condyle neck and the lateral pterygoid plate. The lifting adjustment assembly includes a first telescopic rod (7) fixed on the base plate (1) and a second telescopic rod (8) slidably connected to the base plate (1). A hydraulic rod (9) is provided between the first telescopic rod (7) and the second telescopic rod (8). The hydraulic rod (9) is fixed on the base plate (1). A left mounting plate (10) is rotatably connected to the top of the first telescopic rod (7). A right mounting plate (11) is fixed to the top of the second telescopic rod (8). The shapes of the sides of the left mounting plate (10) and the right mounting plate (11) that are in contact with each other are matched. The base plate (1) is provided with an arc-shaped first sliding groove (101), the bottom end of the second telescopic rod (8) is slidably connected to the first sliding groove (101), and the first sliding groove (101) is centered on the projection of the connection point of the first telescopic rod (7) and the left mounting plate (10) on the base plate (1). The skull model (2) includes a left skull and maxilla component (201), a right skull and maxilla component (202), a left mandible component (203), and a right mandible component (204). The left skull and maxilla component (201) and the left mandible component (203) are connected, and the right skull and maxilla component (202) and the right mandible component (204) are connected. The left skull and maxilla component (201) is slidably connected to the left mounting plate (10), and the right skull and maxilla component (202) is slidably connected to the right mounting plate (11).

2. The teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temporalis muscle spring assembly (3) includes two screws (301), and a spring (302) is provided between the two screws (301). Both ends of the spring (302) are fixed with hooks (303) that match the screws (301). The structures of the masseter muscle spring group (4), the medial pterygoid muscle spring group (5), and the lateral pterygoid muscle spring group (6) are the same as those of the temporalis muscle spring group (3).

3. The teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A crossbar (12) is connected between the telescopic ends of the first telescopic rod (7) and the second telescopic rod (8). One end of the crossbar (12) is fixedly connected to the first telescopic rod (7), and the other end of the crossbar (12) is detachably connected to the second telescopic rod (8). The top of the hydraulic rod (9) is fixedly connected to the crossbar (12).

4. The teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left mounting plate (10) has an arc-shaped structure on one side near the right mounting plate (11). The top surface of the left mounting plate (10) is provided with a left sliding groove (1001) that penetrates the right end face. A left sliding block (1002) is slidably connected in the left sliding groove (1001). The top end of the left sliding block (1002) is fixedly connected to the left skull and maxillary bone component (201). The top surface of the right mounting plate (11) is provided with a right sliding groove (1101) that penetrates the left end face. A right sliding block (1102) is slidably connected in the right sliding groove (1101). The top end of the right sliding block (1102) is fixedly connected to the right skull and maxillary bone component (202). A fixing component is also provided between the left sliding block (1002), the right sliding block (1102), the left mounting plate (10), and the right mounting plate (11).

5. A teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing assembly includes a first step plate (13) fixedly connected to the right side of the left sliding block (1002) and a second step plate (14) fixedly connected to the left side of the right sliding block (1102). The recesses of the first step plate (13) and the second step plate (14) match each other. A first threaded rod (15) is threadedly connected to the right mounting plate (11). The first threaded rod (15) movably passes through the right mounting plate (11), the left mounting plate (10), the left sliding groove (1001), the first step plate (13), and the second step plate (14).

6. The teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotation limiting component is also provided between the first telescopic rod (7) and the left mounting plate (10). The rotation limiting component includes a fixed gear (16) fixedly installed at the bottom of the left mounting plate (10). The telescopic end of the first telescopic rod (7) is fixedly connected to a mounting box (17). A drive component is installed inside the mounting box (17). A lifting rod (18) is fixedly installed on the top of the drive component. A limiting gear (19) is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting rod (18). The projection of the limiting gear (19) on the left mounting plate (10) meshes with the fixed gear (16).

7. A teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes a square rod (20) fixedly mounted on the right side inside the mounting box (17). A drive block (21) is slidably mounted on the square rod (20). A second threaded rod (22) is rotatably connected to the left side of the drive block (21). A clearance groove (23) is provided at the center of one end of the second threaded rod (22) near the drive block (21). The square rod (20) is located in the clearance groove (23). The second threaded rod (22) moves through the left side wall of the mounting box (17). A support rod (24) is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the drive block (21). The support rod (24) is slidably connected to the bottom of the mounting box (17). The top of the drive block (21) is connected to the bottom of the lifting rod (18) through a linkage assembly.

8. A teaching device for manual reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The linkage assembly includes a sliding rod (25), both ends of which are slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting box (17) via a linkage block (26). The bottom end of the lifting rod (18) is fixedly connected to the sliding rod (25). One of the linkage blocks (26) is movably connected to the drive block (21) via a movable rod (27), and a third telescopic rod (28) is also fixedly connected between the sliding rod (25) and the drive block (21).

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