A time and spatially resolved ghz spin precession detection method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of time and space resolution GHz spin precession detection method and system, comprising: obtaining the static synchronous radiation XMCD signal of the magnetic sample to be measured and the information of ferromagnetic resonance under specific frequency;High-frequency microwave signal is extracted from the accelerator center main microwave source and is pulsed with the same frequency (with the same frequency with the synchronous radiation X-ray pulse signal), phase delay, low-frequency modulation, power gain and microwave frequency multiplication processing after inputting plane waveguide to excite sample and generate ferromagnetic resonance;At the same time, the synchronous radiation X-ray is incident on the magnetic sample through waveguide hole, and the photoluminescence signal of the magnetic sample under different phase delays of high-frequency microwave signal relative to X-ray pulse is measured, to obtain dynamic spin precession signal;Finally, change detection position and repeat, realize spatial resolution.The application designs the detection method of system module, utilizes the advantages of synchronous radiation X-ray pulse time structure and small size light spot, realizes time and space resolution GHz spin precession detection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of physical measurement, in particular to a time and space resolution GHz spin precession detection method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Information industry is the core element of human society development and the driving force. The electronic devices of modern information industry are facing the problems of high-density storage, high stability, high response speed and low power consumption. The response speed of electronic devices depends on the intrinsic resonance frequency of the material. The intrinsic resonance frequency of magnetic material is usually in the gigahertz (GHz) band, so the GHz high-frequency precession detection of spin of magnetic material is a key problem. The commonly used methods for detecting GHz spin precession mainly include ferromagnetic resonance technology, spin torque ferromagnetic resonance technology, etc. GHz high-frequency microwave is used to excite the ferromagnetic sample to produce resonance, and the relative amplitude of the spin precession angle is extracted by measuring the overall microwave absorption or voltage signal of the sample, but the phase information of the spin precession cannot be obtained, and the local spin precession of each part of the sample cannot be given, i.e. time and space resolution GHz spin precession detection cannot be realized.

[0003] With the research on spin-orbit torque devices in recent years and the richness of magnetic materials, it is increasingly necessary to detect the phase information of time-resolved spin precession and to distinguish the spin precession of different regions of the sample, so it is urgent to develop a time and space resolution GHz spin precession detection method. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, and realizes the above-mentioned purposes by using a time and space resolution GHz spin precession detection method and system to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0005] A time and space resolution GHz spin precession detection method, the specific steps of the detection method include:

[0006] Step S1, obtaining a magnetic sample to be measured, detecting the static synchrotron radiation X-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal of the magnetic sample and the resonance magnetic field, line width, resonance intensity and other information of the ferromagnetic resonance at a specific frequency;

[0007] Step S2, pulse-synchronizing the obtained synchrotron radiation X-ray pulse signal and the high-frequency microwave clock signal from the accelerator center main microwave source, then performing phase delay, low-frequency modulation, power gain and frequency multiplication processing on the high-frequency microwave signal, inputting the planar resonant waveguide to excite the magnetic sample to produce ferromagnetic resonance. For the 0.5GHz accelerator main microwave source and the X-ray pulse signal with a pulse width of 40ps, this step can realize a high-frequency microwave signal with a frequency of 0.5-8GHz, a power of more than 25dbm and a phase delay accuracy of <1ps.

[0008] In step S3, the GHz high-frequency spin precession detection device integrated with GHz microwave excitation and X-ray detection is used to make the X-ray incident on the magnetic sample through the hole at the center line of the waveguide, the X-ray is set to be circularly polarized and the X-ray energy is set at the maximum value of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal, and the magnetic field range is near the resonance field of the magnetic sample, the photoluminescence signal of the magnetic sample under different phase delays of the high-frequency microwave signal relative to the X-ray pulse is measured to obtain the signal of the dynamic spin precession of the magnetic sample.

[0009] In step S4, the spin precession detection device is used to detect different positions of the magnetic sample to obtain the final detection result.

[0010] As a further scheme of the present application, the specific steps of step S2 include:

[0011] The obtained synchrotron X-ray pulse signal and the high-frequency microwave clock signal from the accelerator center main microwave source are pulsed and the same frequency, the high-frequency microwave clock signal is phase-delay modulated, the column of high-frequency microwave signals is then processed into two columns of same-frequency microwaves with opposite phases, and the two columns of microwaves are alternately output by low-frequency modulation of the waveform generator, the microwave power is then gain-processed and the microwave frequency is multiplied, finally the high-frequency microwave is transmitted to the waveguide to excite the magnetic sample to generate GHz spin precession, and the circularly polarized X-ray pulse is used to detect the instantaneous signal of the spin precession, the sample signal collected by the photodiode with the same frequency as the low-frequency modulation of the high-frequency microwave is extracted by the phase-locked amplifier to obtain the signal of the dynamic spin precession of the magnetic sample. The processes of phase-delay modulation, low-frequency modulation, power gain and frequency multiplication of the high-frequency microwave are monitored by the signal monitoring system.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present application, the specific steps of step S3 include:

[0013] A GHz high-frequency spin precession detection device integrated with GHz microwave excitation and X-ray detection is designed, a planar resonant waveguide capable of transmitting high-frequency GHz microwave is used, an elliptical long hole is drilled at the center line of the waveguide, the X-ray is made incident on the magnetic sample through the hole at the center line of the waveguide, and the transmission signal of the magnetic sample collected by the photodiode placed behind the magnetic sample or the photoluminescence signal generated by the light-emitting substrate is collected. The X-ray is set to be circularly polarized and the X-ray energy is set at the maximum value of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal, and the magnetic field range is near the resonance field of the magnetic sample, the photoluminescence signal of the magnetic sample under different phase delays of the high-frequency microwave signal relative to the X-ray pulse is measured to obtain the signal of the dynamic spin precession of the magnetic sample.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present application, the specific steps of step S4 include:

[0015] The final detection result is obtained by setting the spin precession detection device to detect the GHz spin precession in a spatially resolved manner by X-rays at different positions of the magnetic sample and the corresponding waveguide center line elliptical hole.

[0016] The specific technical solutions of the application are as follows: a time and space resolved GHz spin precession detection system adopts any one of the time and space resolved GHz spin precession detection methods described above, and the system comprises a phase modulation system, a small signal modulation system, a power amplification system, a signal monitoring system, and a spin precession detection device.

[0017] The phase modulation system is used to extract an accelerator high-frequency microwave clock signal and perform phase delay modulation to output a high-frequency microwave signal of the same frequency and adjustable phase.

[0018] The small signal modulation system is used to perform microwave low-frequency modulation processing on the obtained high-frequency microwave signal.

[0019] The power amplification system is used to perform frequency multiplication and power gain on the signal after microwave low-frequency modulation processing through comb wave, filtering, amplification, and directional coupling processing.

[0020] The signal monitoring system is used to monitor the absorption power of the signal after directional coupling, as well as the frequency, phase, and amplitude information.

[0021] The spin precession detection device is used to perform spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection under the condition that X-ray incidence at different positions of the sample meets the requirements of high-frequency microwave excitation and photoluminescence signal detection.

[0022] As a further scheme of the application, the phase modulation system comprises a phase modulator and an accelerator for outputting a high-frequency clock signal to output a same-frequency microwave signal with adjustable phase.

[0023] As a further scheme of the application, the small signal modulation system comprises a microwave power splitter, a phase delay device, a power combiner, a waveform generator, a lock-in amplifier, and a preamplifier.

[0024] As a further scheme of the application, the power amplification system comprises, in sequence, an adjustable attenuator, a first amplifier, a comb wave device, a filter, a second amplifier, and a directional coupler.

[0025] As a further scheme of the application, the signal monitoring system comprises a radio frequency power meter and a high-frequency oscilloscope.

[0026] As a further scheme of the present application, the spin precession detection device comprises a planar resonant waveguide and a photodiode, and the planar resonant waveguide is provided with a tapered hole.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following technical effects:

[0028] By using the advantages of the structure of the X-ray pulse sequence of the synchrotron radiation, the GHz spin precession detection with time resolution is realized, and the accuracy of the time resolution depends on the beam intensity, the injection mode of the electron bunch of the storage ring, the width of the X-ray pulse and the jitter size of the X-ray pulse, and the jitter size of the X-ray pulse interval. For the 0.5GHz accelerator main microwave source and the X-ray pulse signal with a pulse width of 40ps, the phase time resolution accuracy of the present technical solution can reach 5ps, and the highest measurable spin precession frequency can reach 8GHz.

[0029] By using the advantage of the small spot size of the synchrotron radiation source, the GHz spin precession detection with spatial resolution is realized, and the accuracy of the spatial resolution depends on the size of the X-ray spot, the stability of the sample holder and the measuring cavity, etc. For the 3μm×3μm spot and the 1μm cavity vibration amplitude, the spatial resolution accuracy of the present technical solution can be less than 5μm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 The steps of the spin precession detection method of the disclosed embodiments of the present application are shown in the figure;

[0032] Figure 2 The electronic part and detection principle of the time resolution function of the disclosed embodiments of the present application are shown in the figure;

[0033] Figure 3 The magnetic field amplitude distribution of the central elliptical hole of the planar resonant waveguide of the disclosed embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0034] Figure 4 The magnetic field vector distribution of the upper surface of the central elliptical hole of the planar resonant waveguide of the disclosed embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0035] Figure 5 The high-frequency microwave electronic part module of the spin precession detection system of the disclosed embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0036] Figure 6 The spin precession detection device of the disclosed embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0037] Figure 7 The structure of the planar resonant waveguide of the disclosed embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0038] Figure 8 The left and right views of the planar resonant waveguide of the embodiment disclosed in the present application;

[0039] Figure 9 The schematic view of the central elliptical hole of the planar resonant waveguide of the embodiment disclosed in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiments of the present application, a time and space resolved GHz spin precession detection method, the specific steps of the detection method include:

[0042] Step S1, obtaining a magnetic sample to be measured, detecting the static synchrotron X-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal of the magnetic sample and the information of the resonant magnetic field, line width and resonant intensity of the ferromagnetic resonance at a specific frequency;

[0043] Step S2, pulsing the synchrotron X-ray pulse signal and the high-frequency microwave clock signal from the accelerator center main microwave source at the same frequency, then performing phase delay, low-frequency modulation, power gain and microwave frequency multiplication on the high-frequency microwave signal, and inputting the signal into the planar resonant waveguide to excite the magnetic sample to produce ferromagnetic resonance, the specific steps include:

[0044] According to the synchrotron X-ray pulse signal and the microwave clock signal from the accelerator center main microwave source which is at the same frequency as the X-ray pulse, the microwave clock signal is phase delayed, modulated, low-frequency modulated, power-gained and microwave-multiplied, and then transmitted to the waveguide to excite the magnetic sample to produce GHz spin precession, at the same time, the instantaneous signal of the spin precession is detected by using the circularly polarized X-ray pulse, and the sample signal collected by the photodiode at the same frequency as the low-frequency modulation of the high-frequency microwave is extracted by using the lock-in amplifier, so as to obtain the dynamic signal of the spin precession of the magnetic sample.

[0045] In the specific implementation steps, the electronic part design for realizing the time resolution function is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the main flow includes the microwave clock signal with the same frequency as the X-ray pulse from the accelerator center "master clock", the microwave is phase delay modulation, low frequency phase modulation, microwave frequency multiplication, power gain transmission to waveguide to excite the magnetic sample to produce GHz spin precession, while using circularly polarized X-ray pulse to detect the instantaneous signal of spin precession, realize "pump-probe" measurement at GHz frequency. Among them, the phase delay modulation specifically adjusts the time delay of the X-ray pulse detection relative to the high-frequency microwave excitation; the microwave frequency multiplication matches the intrinsic precession frequency of the magnetic sample; the power gain increases the spin precession angle of the magnetic sample, thereby enhancing the dynamic signal of spin precession; in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the lock-in amplifier is used to extract the sample signal collected by the photodiode with the same frequency as the low-frequency modulation of the high-frequency microwave, and the dynamic signal of the magnetic sample spin precession is obtained.

[0046] Step S3, meanwhile, based on the device integrating GHz microwave excitation and X-ray detection of GHz high-frequency spin precession detection, the X-ray is incident on the magnetic sample through the hole drilled at the center line of the waveguide, and by measuring the photoluminescence signal of the magnetic sample under different phase delays of the high-frequency microwave signal relative to the X-ray pulse, the dynamic signal of the magnetic sample spin precession is obtained. The specific steps include:

[0047] The device integrating GHz microwave excitation and X-ray detection of GHz high-frequency spin precession detection is designed, the X-ray is incident on the magnetic sample through the hole drilled at the center line of the waveguide, and the transmission signal of the magnetic sample or the photoluminescence signal generated by the light-emitting substrate placed behind the magnetic sample is collected. The X-ray is set to be circularly polarized and the X-ray energy is at the maximum value of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal, and the magnetic field range is near the resonance field of the magnetic sample. By measuring the photoluminescence signal of the magnetic sample under different phase delays of the high-frequency microwave signal relative to the X-ray pulse, the dynamic signal of the magnetic sample spin precession is obtained.

[0048] In the specific implementation steps, the device integrating GHz microwave excitation and X-ray detection of GHz high-frequency spin precession detection is designed as shown in Figure 6 As shown in the figure, it is a spin precession detection device schematic diagram, mainly using a planar resonant waveguide that can transmit high-frequency GHz microwave, in which an elliptical long hole is drilled at the center line of the waveguide, so that the X-ray can be incident on the sample through the hole drilled at the center line of the waveguide, and the transmission signal of the sample or the photoluminescence signal generated by the light-emitting substrate placed behind the sample is collected. Here, the sample surface is placed close to the waveguide surface, so that the microwave intensity at the sample is as large as possible, and the microwave excitation of the magnetic sample produces GHz spin precession at the hole drilled at the center line of the waveguide, and the microwave intensity and phase are relatively uniform at each part of the hole, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown in the figure, the figure is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the microwave mode of the center oval hole of the planar resonant waveguide, and the magnetic field vector distribution diagram of the upper surface of the oval hole at a position of 0.01 mm. The spatially resolved GHz precession detection can be realized by moving the measuring device so that the X-ray hits the sample at different positions.

[0049] In step S4, the spin precession detection device is set to detect different positions of the magnetic sample, and the final detection result is obtained. The specific steps include:

[0050] The spin precession detection device is set to perform spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection by hitting the X-ray at different positions of the magnetic sample and the corresponding waveguide center line oval hole, and the final detection result is obtained.

[0051] For a time and spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection system, the time resolution function of the high-frequency microwave electronics part module scheme is as follows: the system includes a phase modulation system, a small signal modulation system, a power amplification system, a signal monitoring system, and a spin precession detection device.

[0052] In this embodiment, as shown in the figure, the figure is a module schematic diagram of the spin precession detection system. Figure 5

[0053] The phase modulation system is used to extract the light source signal and perform phase delay modulation to output high-frequency microwave signals of the same frequency and adjustable phase. In this embodiment, the phase modulation system includes a phase modulator and is connected to the accelerator high-frequency clock signal.

[0054] The small signal modulation system is used to perform microwave low-frequency modulation processing on the obtained high-frequency microwave signal. In this embodiment, the small signal modulation system includes a microwave power splitter, a phase delay device, a power combiner, a waveform generator, a phase-locked amplifier, and a preamplifier.

[0055] The power amplification system is used to perform microwave frequency multiplication and power gain on the signal after microwave low-frequency modulation processing by performing comb filtering, filtering, amplification, and directional coupling processing. In this embodiment, the power amplification system includes an adjustable attenuator, a first amplifier, a comb filter, a filter, a second amplifier, and a directional coupler in sequence.

[0056] The signal monitoring system is used to monitor the absorption power of the signal after directional coupling, and monitor the frequency, phase, and amplitude information. In this embodiment, the signal monitoring system includes a radio frequency power meter and a high-frequency oscilloscope.

[0057] The spin precession detection device is used to perform spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection when the X-ray is incident on the sample at different positions while satisfying the conditions of high-frequency microwave excitation and photoluminescence signal detection.​

[0058] In the embodiment, the spin precession detection device comprises a planar resonant waveguide and a photodiode, and the planar resonant waveguide is provided with a tapered hole.

[0059] In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 7 , a structural schematic diagram of the planar resonant waveguide is shown;

[0060] In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 8 , left and right views of the planar resonant waveguide are shown;

[0061] In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 9 , a schematic diagram of a central elliptical hole of the planar resonant waveguide is shown;

[0062] The specific measurement steps of the embodiment are as follows:

[0063] 1. By adjusting the frequency (filter) and power (amplifier) of the microwave, the microwave with appropriate parameters is selected to input the waveguide.

[0064] 2. Then, the sample surface is placed close to the hole of the waveguide, and the resonance magnetic field, line width, resonance intensity and other information of the magnetic sample at a specific frequency are obtained by measuring the power absorption of the microwave under different magnetic fields. Then, for the sample with an in-plane easy axis, the sample holder is tilted so that the X-ray is obliquely incident on the sample, the static magnetic circular dichroism signal of the magnetic sample is tested, the X-ray energy is adjusted to the energy at which the magnetic circular dichroism signal is strongest, and the polarization state is adjusted to circularly polarized light.

[0065] 3. Then, the magnetic field is adjusted to the resonance field of the sample, the phase delay of the phase modulator is adjusted, and the signal collected by the lock-in amplifier is measured to realize the time-resolved GHz spin precession measurement. The phase modulator is phase delayed by one period (for example, for 4GHz, the period is 250ps), and the signal measured by the lock-in amplifier is a sinusoidal signal of one period. The maximum (minimum) value of the signal corresponds to the position where the spin precession is parallel (antiparallel) to the direction of X-ray incidence, the middle of the signal corresponds to the position where the spin precession is perpendicular to the direction of X-ray incidence, and the amplitude of the signal is proportional to the opening angle of the spin precession conical surface. Here, the time resolution accuracy depends on the beam intensity, the injection mode of the storage ring electron bunch, the width of the X-ray pulse and its jitter size, the jitter size of the X-ray pulse interval and other factors. For the 0.5GHz accelerator main microwave source and the X-ray pulse signal with a pulse width of 40ps, the phase time resolution accuracy of the technical solution can reach 5ps, and the highest measurable spin precession frequency can reach 8GHz. By changing the size of the external magnetic field, the changes of the spin precession phase and amplitude of the sample are measured.

[0066] 4. Change the sample position so that the X-ray is incident to the sample at different positions, and realize the spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection. Here the accuracy of spatial resolution depends on the size of the X-ray spot, the stability of the sample holder and the measuring cavity, etc. For a 3μm×3μm spot and a 1μm cavity vibration amplitude, the spatial resolution accuracy of this technical solution can be less than 5μm.

[0067] Beneficial effects: Using the advantage of continuous tunable energy of the synchrotron radiation source, element resolution (interlayer resolution of multilayer film) and atomic site resolution are realized.

[0068] Through the advantage of adjustable X-ray polarization state, samples of various magnetic order structures (ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, antiferromagnetic, etc.) can be measured.

[0069] For non-emitting thin films, the detection depth is ≥50nm, and for emitting bulk samples, the detection depth can reach the order of mm.

[0070] The sample preparation is simple, and special size samples or electrode preparation through photoetching, argon etching, mask plate, etc. are not needed.

[0071] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, and all should be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A time and spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection method, characterized in that, The specific steps of the detection method include: Step S1, obtaining a magnetic sample to be measured, detecting the static synchrotron X-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal of the magnetic sample, and the resonance magnetic field, line width, and resonance intensity information of the ferromagnetic resonance at a specific frequency; Step S2, pulsing the obtained synchrotron X-ray pulse signal and the high-frequency microwave clock signal from the accelerator center main microwave source at the same frequency, then performing phase delay, low-frequency modulation, power gain, and frequency multiplication processing on the high-frequency microwave signal, and inputting the processed signal into a planar resonant waveguide to excite the magnetic sample to generate ferromagnetic resonance; In the step S2, the high-frequency microwave clock signal from the accelerator center main microwave source is phase-delayed with the synchrotron X-ray pulse, then the high-frequency microwave signal is processed into two columns of same-frequency microwaves with opposite phases, and the two columns of microwaves are alternately outputted by low-frequency modulation of the high-frequency microwave signal using a waveform generator, then the microwave power is gain-processed and the microwave frequency is multiplied, and finally the high-frequency microwave is transmitted to the waveguide to excite the magnetic sample to generate GHz spin precession, and the circularly polarized X-ray pulse is used to detect the instantaneous signal of the spin precession, the sample signal collected by a photodiode with the same frequency as the low-frequency phase modulation of the high-frequency microwave is extracted by a lock-in amplifier to obtain the dynamic signal of the spin precession of the magnetic sample, and the phase delay modulation, low-frequency modulation, power gain, and frequency multiplication processes of the high-frequency microwave are monitored by a signal monitoring system; Step S3, based on the GHz high-frequency spin precession detection device integrating GHz microwave excitation and X-ray detection, the X-ray is incident on the magnetic sample through a hole drilled at the center line of the waveguide, the X-ray is set to be circularly polarized and the X-ray energy is set at the maximum value of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal, and the magnetic field range is set to be near the resonance field of the magnetic sample, the photoluminescence signal of the magnetic sample at different phase delays of the high-frequency microwave signal relative to the X-ray pulse is measured to obtain the dynamic signal of the spin precession of the magnetic sample; In the step S3, the GHz high-frequency spin precession detection device integrating GHz microwave excitation and X-ray detection is designed, a planar resonant waveguide capable of transmitting high-frequency GHz microwaves is used, an elliptical hole is drilled at the center line of the waveguide, the X-ray is incident on the magnetic sample through the hole drilled at the center line of the waveguide, and the transmission signal of the sample or the photoluminescence signal generated by the light-emitting substrate is obtained by collecting the photocurrent of the photodiode placed behind the magnetic sample; the X-ray is set to be circularly polarized and the X-ray energy is set at the maximum value of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal, and the magnetic field range is set to be near the resonance field of the magnetic sample, the photoluminescence signal of the magnetic sample at different phase delays of the high-frequency microwave relative to the X-ray pulse is measured to obtain the dynamic signal of the spin precession of the magnetic sample; Step S4, finally, the X-ray irradiates different positions on the surface of the magnetic sample by moving the device, and steps S2-S3 are repeated to realize spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection.

2. The time and spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection method of claim 1, wherein, The specific steps of the step S4 include: The X-ray is set to be circularly polarized and the X-ray energy is set at the maximum value of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal, and the magnetic field range is set to be near the resonance field of the magnetic sample, the photoluminescence signal of the magnetic sample at different phase delays of the high-frequency microwave relative to the X-ray pulse is measured to obtain the dynamic signal of the spin precession of the magnetic sample; 3. A time and spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection system, characterized by, The system comprises a phase modulation system, a small signal modulation system, a power amplification system, a signal monitoring system, and a spin precession detection device, and adopts a time and space resolved GHz spin precession detection method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2. The phase modulation system is used to extract an accelerator high-frequency microwave clock signal, and perform phase delay modulation to output a high-frequency microwave signal of the same frequency and adjustable phase. The small signal modulation system is used to perform microwave low-frequency modulation processing on the obtained high-frequency microwave signal. The power amplification system is used to perform frequency multiplication and power gain on the signal after microwave low-frequency modulation processing through comb wave, filtering, amplification, and directional coupling processing. The signal monitoring system is used to perform absorption power monitoring, and frequency, phase, and amplitude information monitoring on the signal after directional coupling. The spin precession detection device is used to perform space resolved GHz spin precession detection under the condition that X-ray is incident to different positions of a magnetic sample, and high-frequency microwave excitation and photoluminescence signal detection are simultaneously satisfied.

4. A time and spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that The phase modulation system comprises a phase modulator and an accelerator for outputting a high-frequency clock signal to output a same-frequency microwave signal with adjustable phase.

5. The time and spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection system of claim 3, wherein, The small signal modulation system comprises a microwave power splitter, a phase delay device, a power combiner, a waveform generator, a lock-in amplifier, and a preamplifier.

6. A time and spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection system according to claim 3, wherein, The power amplification system comprises a tunable attenuator, a first amplifier, a comb wave device, a filter, a second amplifier, and a directional coupler in sequence.

7. A time and spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection system according to claim 3, wherein, The signal monitoring system comprises a radio frequency power meter and a high-frequency oscilloscope.

8. The time and spatially resolved GHz spin precession detection system of claim 3, wherein, The spin precession detection device comprises a planar resonant waveguide and a photodiode, and the planar resonant waveguide is provided with a tapered hole.

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