A full electronic fuze of tandem warhead

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of series warhead full electronic fuze, it is related to electronic safety technical field;Including rear fuze and controlled by rear fuze front fuze, the rear fuze uses sensor to perceive launch environment, and receives on missile control instruction, step by step realizes three levels of insurance removal, and it specifically includes power management module, security control module, anti-impact initiation module, the front fuze includes magnetic isolation high-voltage power supply, high-voltage initiation circuit, detonator group assembly, the power management module includes 1W capacitor isolation power supply, EMC circuit, capacitor isolation circuit, voltage conversion circuit, the 1W capacitor isolation power supply is for the security control module power supply.The application uses capacitor isolation power supply, magnetic isolation high-voltage power supply, photoelectric isolation interface and other distributed isolation technology, realizes full electronic fuze and anti-tank missile control system isolation, to meet the electromagnetic compatibility requirement of full electronic fuze, to greatly reduce the volume of power management module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic safety technology, and in particular to a tandem warhead all-electronic fuse. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, tandem warheads remain an important means of countering reactive armor. Future warfare demands increasingly higher reliability and safety from fuze systems. Compared to traditional mechanical fuzes, all-electronic fuzes utilize insensitive explosives instead of more sensitive detonators, thus fundamentally improving safety during manufacturing and maintenance, as well as operational reliability, and enabling reliable operation in strong electromagnetic environments. Applying all-electronic fuzes to tandem warheads will significantly enhance the safety, reliability, and electromagnetic interference resistance of anti-tank missiles.

[0003] For example, a search revealed a Chinese patent publication number CN109489507A, which discloses a self-destruct device based on an inline fuse, including a mounting plate and an inline detonation device, the inline detonation device being fixedly connected to the mounting plate; the inline detonation device includes a battery assembly, a sensor module, a fully electronic logic assembly and a switch assembly disposed in a first housing, and a high-voltage detonation module, an impact detonator and a shaped charge detonator disposed in a second housing; the first housing and the second housing are fixedly connected.

[0004] The aforementioned patent has the following shortcomings: Since the all-electronic fuse uses high-voltage pulse-initiated insensitive explosive, its high-voltage conversion circuit, high-voltage capacitor and high-voltage switch have poor resistance to explosion impact overload. Therefore, the reliability of the subsequent all-electronic fuse in detonating after being subjected to the explosion impact of the preceding stage is insufficient.

[0005] Therefore, this invention proposes a tandem warhead all-electronic fuze. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a tandem warhead all-electronic fuze.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A tandem warhead all-electronic fuze includes a rear-stage fuze and a front-stage fuze controlled by the rear-stage fuze. The rear-stage fuze uses sensors to sense the launch environment and receive onboard control commands to achieve three-level safety release in stages. Specifically, it includes a power management module, a safety control module, and an impact-resistant detonation module. The front-stage fuze includes a magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage detonation circuit, and a detonator assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the power management module includes a 1W capacitor-isolated power supply, an EMC circuit, a capacitor isolation circuit, and a voltage conversion circuit. The 1W capacitor-isolated power supply powers the safety control module.

[0010] Furthermore, the EMC circuit includes TVS1, TVS2, X capacitor C1, X capacitor C2, Y capacitor C3, Y capacitor C4, and common-mode inductor L. TVS1 and TVS2 operate at 250V. The capacitance values ​​of X capacitors C1 and C2 are 1μF to 2μF. The capacitance values ​​of Y capacitors C3 and C4 are 3000pF to 5000pF. The common-mode inductor L is 0.5mH to 2mH.

[0011] Furthermore, in the 1W capacitor-isolated power supply, the PWM controller output frequency is 100kHz~200kHz with a duty cycle of 0.5; the push-pull upper transistor is PNP and the lower transistor is NPN, with an operating voltage of 40V and a current ≥1A; the energy storage inductor is 1μH~3μH; the isolation capacitor is 0.2μF~0.5μF; the rectifier bridge has an operating voltage of 40V and a current ≥1A; and the filter capacitor is 20μF~50μF.

[0012] Furthermore, the security control module includes an accelerometer for sensing the transmission environment, an optically isolated interface circuit, a microcontroller one, and a microcontroller two, and its specific working logic is as follows:

[0013] A1: After the safety actuator successfully completes its power-on self-test, the microcontroller checks the transmission environment information and deactivates the first-level safety device.

[0014] A2: When the overload sensor detects the emission acceleration and the duration meets the specified requirements, and the first-level protection is completed, the microcontroller releases the second-level protection.

[0015] A3: The microcontroller detects the three-level safety release signal given by the missile's onboard control system, and releases the third-level safety under the premise that the second-level safety has been successfully released, and the high-voltage circuit operates.

[0016] Furthermore, the interface circuits of the microcontroller one and the microcontroller two adopt isolation optocouplers.

[0017] Furthermore, the impact-resistant detonation module incorporates an energy storage delay circuit and a magnetically isolated high-voltage conversion circuit, and its operating logic includes the following steps:

[0018] B1: Under the control of the first-level fuse release signal and the second-level fuse release signal, static switch 1 and static switch 2 respectively control the high-voltage transformer to conduct with the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power supply.

[0019] B2: Dynamic switch 3, under the control of the three-level fuse release signal, drives the high-voltage transformer to work, converting the voltage to 1.3kV high voltage to charge the high-voltage capacitor.

[0020] Furthermore, in steps B1 and B2, static switch 1, static switch 2, and dynamic switch 3 are all selected from field-effect transistors, and a driver is added to the input terminal of dynamic switch 3, and the driver is selected from a field-effect transistor driver chip.

[0021] Furthermore, the high-voltage initiation circuit is a high-voltage capacitor discharge unit, which is a detonator for storing high-voltage energy and initiating the impact plate. Specifically, it includes a high-voltage switch, a high-voltage feedback circuit, and a high-voltage divider circuit. The specific working logic includes the following steps:

[0022] C1: A diode D1 is set at the high voltage input terminal to ensure that each high voltage charging channel is relatively independent and does not interfere with each other;

[0023] C2: Resistors R6 and R8 are high-voltage sampling feedback resistors. The high-voltage feedback signal is sent to the microcontroller for charging timing control.

[0024] C3: Resistors R5 and R7 are high-voltage divider resistors. The high-voltage divider signal is sent to the test interface of the safety actuator for high-voltage divider time testing.

[0025] C4: High-voltage switch V1 is an NMCT electronic switch, and EFI is a load impact detonator.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. This invention employs distributed isolation technologies such as capacitor-isolated power supply, magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply, and optoelectronic isolation interface to achieve isolation between the all-electronic fuze and the anti-tank missile control system, thereby meeting the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of the all-electronic fuze and significantly reducing the size of the power management module.

[0028] 2. The capacitor-isolated power supply of the power management module of this invention only supplies power to the safety control module, thereby significantly reducing the power and size of EMC; the magnetic isolation high-voltage power supply has a large power, but it only works for 0.5s in this all-electronic fuse, and the amount of electromagnetic interference generated is small. It can meet the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of GJB151 without EMC filtering.

[0029] 3. The external interface of the impact-resistant detonation module of this invention is designed with an isolation circuit, which solves the problem of failure of the impact-resistant detonation module due to damage to the power management module and safety control module after the explosion of the pre-stage fuse. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of a tandem warhead all-electronic fuze proposed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the EMC circuit in a tandem warhead all-electronic fuze proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a capacitor-isolated power supply in a series-connected all-electronic fuse for a warhead, as proposed in this invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a voltage conversion circuit diagram for a series-connected all-electronic fuze for a warhead proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the microcontroller-control software external interface in a tandem warhead all-electronic fuze proposed in this invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the external interface of the microcontroller control software in a tandem warhead all-electronic fuze proposed in this invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the operation of a microcontroller in a tandem warhead all-electronic fuze proposed in this invention.

[0037] Figure 8 The flowchart of the operation of the single-chip microcomputer in the tandem warhead all-electronic fuse proposed in this invention is shown below.

[0038] Figure 9 This invention provides an optically isolated interface circuit for a series-connected all-electronic fuze for a warhead.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a magnetically isolated high-voltage conversion circuit in a series-connected warhead all-electronic fuze proposed in this invention;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage initiation circuit in a series-connected warhead all-electronic fuze proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solution of this patent will be further described in detail below with reference to specific implementation methods.

[0042] In the description of this patent, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connection or setting, detachable connection or setting, or integrated connection or setting. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this patent according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] like Figure 1-11As shown, a tandem warhead all-electronic fuze includes a rear-stage fuze and a front-stage fuze controlled by the rear-stage fuze. The rear-stage fuze uses sensors to sense the launch environment and receive onboard control commands to achieve three-level safety release in stages. Specifically, it includes a power management module, a safety control module, and an impact-resistant detonation module. The front-stage fuze includes a magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage detonation circuit, and a detonator assembly.

[0044] This invention discloses a tandem warhead all-electronic fuze that utilizes distributed isolation technologies such as capacitively isolated power supply, magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply, and optoelectronically isolated interface to isolate the all-electronic fuze from the anti-tank missile control system, thereby meeting the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of the all-electronic fuze and significantly reducing the size of the power management module. Employing technologies such as regional isolation and blast shock protection, the subsequent fuze is divided into a power management module, a safety control module, and a blast shock resistant detonation module, reducing the size of the blast shock resistant module and facilitating blast shock protection. Furthermore, structural reinforcement and shock wave attenuation technologies are employed to meet the blast shock resistance requirements of the subsequent fuze.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is divided into a pre-stage fuse and a post-stage fuse. The pre-stage fuse is controlled by the post-stage fuse. The post-stage fuse realizes functions such as launch environment perception, safety control, and communication with the missile. After receiving the detonation signal, the post-stage fuse immediately detonates the pre-stage fuse and then detonates the post-stage fuse after a specified delay.

[0046] The subsequent-stage fuze includes a power management module, a safety control module, and an impact-resistant detonation module. The subsequent-stage fuze uses sensors to perceive the missile launch environment and receives onboard control commands, implementing three-stage safety disengagement in stages to ensure safety before missile launch and reliable target engagement after launch. Upon receiving a target engagement signal, the preceding-stage fuze detonates within 50 μs, followed by the subsequent-stage warhead detonating after a predetermined delay.

[0047] The power management module includes a 1W capacitor-isolated power supply, an EMC circuit, a capacitor isolation circuit, and a voltage conversion circuit. The 1W capacitor-isolated power supply powers the safety control module, thereby significantly reducing the power and size of the EMC circuit. The magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply has a large power output, but it only operates for 0.5 seconds in the electronic fuse. The short operating time results in minimal electromagnetic interference, and it can meet the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of GJB151 without filtering.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the EMC circuit includes TVS1, TVS2, X capacitors C1, C2, Y capacitors C3, C4, and a common-mode inductor L. TVS1 and TVS2 operate at 250V. The capacitance values ​​of X capacitors C1 and C2 are 1μF to 2μF. The capacitance values ​​of Y capacitors C3 and C4 are 3000pF to 5000pF. The common-mode inductor L is 0.5mH to 2mH.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, in a 1W capacitor-isolated power supply, the PWM controller output frequency is 100kHz~200kHz with a duty cycle of 0.5; the push-pull upper transistor is PNP and the lower transistor is NPN, with an operating voltage of 40V and a current ≥1A; the energy storage inductor is 1μH~3μH; the isolation capacitor is 0.2μF~0.5μF; the rectifier bridge operates at 40V and has a current ≥1A; and the filter capacitor is 20μF~50μF.

[0050] The security control module includes an accelerometer for sensing the transmission environment, an optically isolated interface circuit, microcontroller one, and microcontroller two. Its specific working logic is as follows:

[0051] A1: After the safety actuator successfully completes its power-on self-test, the microcontroller checks the transmission environment information and deactivates the first-level safety device.

[0052] A2: When the overload sensor detects the emission acceleration and the duration meets the specified requirements, and the first-level protection is completed, the microcontroller releases the second-level protection.

[0053] A3: The microcontroller detects the three-level safety release signal given by the missile's onboard control system, and releases the third-level safety under the premise that the second-level safety has been successfully released, and the high-voltage circuit operates.

[0054] The interface circuits between the microcontroller one and the microcontroller two use isolated optocouplers.

[0055] The safety control module consists of an accelerometer, an optically isolated interface circuit, and two microcontrollers forming a safety logic circuit. The sensor detects the missile launch environment and transmits the environmental information to the microcontroller in the safety control circuit. The microcontroller calculates and confirms the launch environment is real, issuing a first-level safety release signal. The microcontroller receives distance or target information from the missile's onboard control system via the optically isolated interface and issues second- and third-level safety release signals.

[0056] The first-level safety release is controlled by microcontroller 1. After the safety actuator successfully completes its power-on self-test, microcontroller 1 checks the launch environment information and releases the first-level safety. The second-level safety release is controlled by the overload sensor and microcontroller 2. When the overload sensor detects launch acceleration and the duration meets the specified requirements, and the first-level safety release is complete, the second-level safety is released. The third-level safety release is controlled by microcontroller 1. Microcontroller 1 detects the third-level safety release signal from the missile's onboard control system and, provided that the second-level safety has been successfully released, releases the third-level safety, and the high-voltage circuit operates.

[0057] The impact-resistant detonation module has a built-in energy storage delay circuit and a magnetically isolated high-voltage conversion circuit. Its working logic includes the following steps:

[0058] B1: Under the control of the first-level fuse release signal and the second-level fuse release signal, static switch 1 and static switch 2 respectively control the high-voltage transformer to conduct with the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power supply.

[0059] B2: Dynamic switch 3, under the control of the three-level fuse release signal, drives the high-voltage transformer to work, converting the voltage to 1.3kV high voltage to charge the high-voltage capacitor.

[0060] Furthermore, in steps B1 and B2, static switch 1, static switch 2, and dynamic switch 3 are all selected from field-effect transistors, and a driver is added to the input terminal of dynamic switch 3, and the driver is selected from a field-effect transistor driver chip.

[0061] The high-voltage initiation circuit is a high-voltage capacitor discharge unit, which stores high-voltage energy to initiate the detonator. Specifically, it includes one high-voltage switch, one high-voltage feedback circuit, and one high-voltage divider circuit. The specific working logic includes the following steps:

[0062] C1: A diode D1 is set at the high voltage input terminal to ensure that each high voltage charging channel is relatively independent and does not interfere with each other;

[0063] C2: Resistors R6 and R8 are high-voltage sampling feedback resistors. The high-voltage feedback signal is sent to the microcontroller for charging timing control.

[0064] C3: Resistors R5 and R7 are high-voltage divider resistors. The high-voltage divider signal is sent to the test interface of the safety actuator for high-voltage divider time testing.

[0065] C4: High-voltage switch V1 is an NMCT electronic switch, and EFI is a load impact detonator.

[0066] The impact-resistant detonation module includes an energy storage delay circuit, a magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage detonation circuit, and a detonator assembly. Under the control of the safety control module, it implements the primary, secondary, and tertiary safety release switches and detonates after a specified delay. An isolation circuit is designed between the impact-resistant detonation module and the power management module and safety control module to address the issue of the impact-resistant detonation module failing due to damage to the power management module and safety control module after the detonation of the preceding fuse.

[0067] Under the control of the first-level and second-level fuse release signals, static switches 1 and 2 respectively control the high-voltage transformer to conduct to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply. Under the control of the third-level fuse release signal, the dynamic switch drives the high-voltage transformer to convert the voltage to 1.3kV high voltage to charge the high-voltage capacitor. Both static and dynamic switches use field-effect transistors (FETs). To ensure rapid turn-on and turn-off of the dynamic switch, a driver is added at the input of the dynamic switch; the driver uses a FET driver chip.

[0068] The high-voltage detonation circuit (CDU unit) is a high-voltage capacitor discharge unit whose function is to store high-voltage energy to detonate the impact detonator. The CDU unit includes one high-voltage energy storage capacitor, one high-voltage switch, one high-voltage feedback circuit, and one high-voltage divider circuit. The CDU unit circuit is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, diode D1 is placed at the high-voltage input terminal to ensure that each high-voltage charging path is relatively independent and does not interfere with each other. Resistors R6 and R8 are high-voltage sampling feedback resistors; the high-voltage feedback signal is sent to the microcontroller for charging timing control. Resistors R5 and R7 are high-voltage divider resistors; the high-voltage divider signal is sent to the safety actuator test interface for high-voltage divider time testing. High-voltage switch V1 is an NMCT electronic switch, and EFI is a load impact detonator. The application of the NMCT high-voltage switch is one of the features of this scheme. The switch can withstand a peak off-state voltage of 1700V, a current carrying capacity of over 6500A, a di / dt of 100KA / μs, and a conduction delay time of less than 150ns.

[0069] This invention employs distributed isolation technologies such as capacitor-isolated power supply, magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply, and optoelectronic isolation interface to achieve isolation between the all-electronic fuze and the anti-tank missile control system, thereby meeting the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of the all-electronic fuze and significantly reducing the size of the power management module. The front-stage fuze is controlled by the rear-stage fuze, achieving three-level safety release in stages and receiving detonation commands for real-time detonation, significantly reducing the size to φ30mm×28mm compared to existing technologies.

[0070] The power management module's capacitor-isolated power supply powers only the safety control module, significantly reducing EMC power and size. The magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply has a large power output, but it only operates for 0.5 seconds in this all-electronic fuze, generating minimal electromagnetic interference. It meets GJB151's electromagnetic compatibility requirements without EMC testing. The impact-resistant detonation module's external interface features an isolation circuit, resolving the issue of impact-resistant detonation module failure due to damage to the power management and safety control modules after the initial fuze detonates.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tandem warhead all-electronic fuze, characterized in that, It includes a rear-stage fuze and a front-stage fuze controlled by the rear-stage fuze. The rear-stage fuze uses sensors to sense the launch environment and receive onboard control commands to achieve three-level safety release in steps. Specifically, it includes a power management module, a safety control module, and an impact-resistant detonation module. The front-stage fuze includes a magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage detonation circuit, and a detonator assembly. The power management module includes a 1W capacitor-isolated power supply, an EMC circuit, a capacitor isolation circuit, and a voltage conversion circuit. The 1W capacitor-isolated power supply powers the safety control module. The impact-resistant detonation module includes an energy storage delay circuit, a magnetically isolated high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage detonation circuit, and a detonator assembly. Its working logic includes the following steps: B1: Under the control of the first-level fuse release signal and the second-level fuse release signal, static switch 1 and static switch 2 respectively control the high-voltage transformer to conduct with the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power supply. B2: Dynamic switch 1, under the control of the three-level fuse release signal, drives the high-voltage transformer to work, converting the voltage to 1.3kV high voltage to charge the high-voltage capacitor; The high-voltage detonation circuit is a high-voltage capacitor discharge unit, which is a detonator for storing high-voltage energy and detonating the impact plate. Specifically, it includes a high-voltage switch, a high-voltage feedback circuit, and a high-voltage divider circuit.

2. The all-electronic fuze for a tandem warhead according to claim 1, characterized in that, The security control module includes an overload acceleration sensor for sensing the transmission environment, an optical isolation interface circuit, microcontroller one, and microcontroller two. Its specific working logic is as follows: A1: After the safety actuator successfully completes its power-on self-test, the microcontroller determines the transmission environment information and releases the first-level safety device. A2: When the overload acceleration sensor detects the emission acceleration and the duration meets the specified requirements, and the first-level protection is completed, the microcontroller releases the second-level protection. A3: The microcontroller detects the three-level safety release signal given by the missile's onboard control system, and releases the third-level safety under the premise that the second-level safety has been successfully released, and the high-voltage circuit operates.

3. The all-electronic fuze for a tandem warhead according to claim 2, characterized in that, The interface circuits between the microcontroller one and the microcontroller two use isolated optocouplers.

4. The all-electronic fuze for a tandem warhead according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps B1 and B2, static switch 1, static switch 2, and dynamic switch 1 are all selected from field-effect transistors, and a driver is added to the input terminal of dynamic switch 1, and the driver is selected from a field-effect transistor driver chip.

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