An online detection device for respirable dust concentration

Abstract

This invention discloses an online detection device for respirable dust concentration, comprising a main cavity and a detection component, wherein the detection component includes a beam emitter and a photoelectric sensor, and a separation zone and a detection zone are formed within the main cavity; the online detection device also includes a gas-guiding and dust-collecting component, which includes a gas-guiding cavity, a separation cavity, and a dust-collecting cavity. This invention, on the one hand, enables the separation of large particulate dust from respirable dust and reduces the probability of the separated large particulate dust escaping with the airflow, ensuring that the gas entering the detection chamber contains only respirable dust, avoiding interference from large particulate dust, thereby enabling direct detection of gas respirable dust concentration and effectively improving the accuracy of the detection results; on the other hand, the integrated design of separation and detection enables continuous online separation and detection of gas, greatly simplifying the detection operation and effectively improving detection efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of respiratory dust concentration detection technology, and specifically relates to an online respiratory dust concentration detection device. Background Technology

[0002] Respirable dust (respiratory dust) refers to dust particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 7.07 micrometers, and the collection efficiency for particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 5 micrometers is 50%. Generally, respirable dust particles with a diameter of less than 5 μm are capable of entering the alveolar region of the lungs. It is a cause of pneumoconiosis. Dust particle deposition in the respiratory system occurs in three regions: the upper respiratory tract (including the nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx); the trachea and bronchi; and the alveolar region (including non-ciliated bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar duct inlets, alveoli, and alveolar sacs). Generally, dust particles with an aerodynamic diameter greater than 10 μm are considered visible dust, mostly deposited in the nasopharynx. Particles smaller than 10 μm are considered microscopic and ultramicroscopic dust, which can penetrate deep into the respiratory tract and deposit in the lower respiratory tract. Long-term accumulation of these particles can damage lung cells, leading to an incurable condition and endangering life.

[0003] Currently, many dust concentration detectors on the market perform on-site gas sampling and irradiate one side of the sampling channel with a beam of light. If dust particles are present in the gas, light will be refracted or reflected. By receiving the refracted or reflected light signals, the content of dust particles in the gas can be determined, and thus the detection result can be obtained.

[0004] However, in actual testing, in addition to respirable dust particles, the sampled gas usually contains large-diameter dust particles. Directly introducing the sampled gas into the concentration detector is easily affected by large dust particles, leading to inaccurate respirable dust concentration detection results. Therefore, existing dust concentration detectors are not suitable for direct detection of respirable dust concentration. Moreover, it is necessary to use a separate separation device to separate the large dust particles from the sampled gas before transferring the gas containing respirable dust and using the detector for detection. This operation is cumbersome, cannot achieve continuity, and has low detection efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an improved online detection device for respirable dust concentration.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] An online detection device for respirable dust concentration includes a main cavity and a detection component. The detection component includes a beam emitter that emits a detection beam into the main cavity and a photoelectric sensor for receiving light reflection or refraction signals. A separation zone and a detection zone are formed within the main cavity. The emitting end of the beam emitter and the receiving end of the photoelectric sensor are respectively located within the detection zone. The online detection device also includes an air-guiding dust-collecting component located in the separation zone. The air-guiding dust-collecting component includes an air-guiding cavity, a separation cavity, and a dust-collecting cavity connected sequentially from top to bottom. The air-guiding cavity has… It has an air guide channel and an air outlet. The air guide channel is inserted downward into the separation chamber, and the air outlet is connected to the detection area. The side wall of the separation chamber has an air inlet located above the bottom inlet of the air guide channel. The separation chamber is open from the lower end and inserted into the dust accumulation chamber. The lower end of the separation chamber is separated from the inner wall of the dust accumulation chamber and forms an annular barrier area. The sampling gas flows spirally downward from the air inlet along the inner wall of the separation chamber. Large dust particles are deposited in the dust accumulation chamber, and the gas containing only respirable dust enters the air guide chamber along the air guide channel and flows into the detection area from the air outlet.

[0008] Preferably, the beam emitter is mounted on one side of the detection area, and the photoelectric sensor is mounted on top of the detection area. Within the detection area, the beam emission direction intersects with the gas flow direction. This arrangement helps improve detection accuracy.

[0009] Preferably, a flow guiding module is also provided between the detection zone and the separation zone. The flow guiding module has flow guiding holes connecting the separation zone and the detection zone. The centerline of the flow guiding holes extends perpendicularly to the beam emission direction, and the gas discharged from the outlet passes through the flow guiding holes into the detection zone. Here, when the gas after separating large dust particles enters the detection zone, the flow guiding holes can correct the gas flow direction, ensuring that the gas flow direction remains unchanged upon entering the detection zone, reducing detection errors and improving the accuracy of the detection results.

[0010] Specifically, the inner diameter of the guide hole is set to gradually decrease along the gas flow direction.

[0011] Preferably, the detection assembly further includes an optical path plug installed in the detection area and positioned opposite the beam emitter, wherein the optical path plug is used to absorb the light beam passing through the detection area from the emitting end. This prevents the light beam passing through the detection area from being refracted or reflected, thus avoiding interference with the detection results.

[0012] Preferably, the air-guiding cavity is closed from the top and extends downward from the bottom to form an air-guiding channel, with the air outlet formed on the side wall of the air-guiding cavity. Here, the air outlet and the air-guiding channel are misaligned. After separating large dust particles, the sampling gas enters the air-guiding cavity, forming a buffer and reducing its flow rate before exiting from the air outlet. This controls the gas flow rate to enter the concentration detector at an appropriate speed, improving detection accuracy. Simultaneously, when the gas enters the air-guiding cavity, the pressure causes it to impact the inner wall of the cavity, creating turbulence, which promotes uniform distribution of respirable dust and improves the accuracy of the detection results.

[0013] Specifically, the air outlet is located near the bottom of the air guide cavity.

[0014] Preferably, an annular cyclone zone is formed between the inner wall of the separation chamber and the outer wall of the air guide channel, and the annular cyclone zone is gradually narrowed from top to bottom. This increases the flow velocity of the sampling gas forming a downward spiral airflow, effectively improving the separation efficiency of large dust particles.

[0015] Specifically, the air guide channel is a vertically extending cylindrical shape; the inner cavity of the separation chamber is a conical cavity that gradually narrows from top to bottom. This design is simple and easy to install and implement.

[0016] Furthermore, the center lines of the air guide channel and the conical cavity are aligned.

[0017] Preferably, the separation chamber includes a first part, a second part, and a third part integrally formed from top to bottom. The first part is threadedly connected to the bottom of the air-guiding chamber from top to bottom. The second part is inserted into the dust-collecting chamber and threadedly connected to the inner wall of the dust-collecting chamber. The third part forms an annular barrier area between its outer wall and the inner wall of the dust-collecting chamber, and the distance between the outer wall of the third part and the inner wall of the dust-collecting chamber gradually increases from top to bottom. In other words, the bottom area of ​​the annular barrier area is large and the top area is small, effectively improving the blocking effect on large dust particles rising with the airflow. At the same time, the air-guiding chamber, the separation chamber, and the dust-collecting chamber are designed to be detachable, making assembly and disassembly simple and convenient for later cleaning and maintenance.

[0018] Specifically, the outer diameters of the first, second, and third components gradually decrease from top to bottom, with the first component fitting against the top surface of the dust accumulation chamber from its bottom surface; and / or, the outer wall of the first component is flush with the outer wall of the air guiding chamber. This facilitates assembly and disassembly; simultaneously, the flush alignment of the first component with the air guiding chamber facilitates the integration of this air guiding dust accumulation assembly with the detector.

[0019] Preferably, the center lines of the air guide cavity, the separation cavity, and the dust accumulation cavity are aligned.

[0020] Furthermore, both the air inlet and outlet are elliptical in shape. This design facilitates greater air intake and exhaust volume, improving the efficiency of airflow and dust accumulation.

[0021] Due to the implementation of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] Existing methods for detecting respirable dust concentration are susceptible to interference from large dust particles, resulting in inaccurate detection results and low efficiency. This invention cleverly addresses these shortcomings by comprehensively redesigning the detection device. In this device, gas enters the separation chamber in the separation zone, forming a downward spiral airflow that carries large dust particles into the lower dust accumulation chamber. After separation, the gas containing only respirable dust flows upward into the air guide chamber and then into the detection zone for testing. Simultaneously, an annular barrier prevents large dust particles from rising with the airflow, reducing the probability of them re-entering the airflow. Therefore, compared to existing technologies, this invention achieves separation of large dust particles from respirable dust and reduces the probability of these particles escaping with the airflow, ensuring that the gas entering the detection zone contains only respirable dust and avoiding interference from large particles. This allows for direct detection of gas respirable dust concentration and effectively improves the accuracy of the results. Furthermore, the integrated separation and detection design enables continuous online gas separation and detection, greatly simplifying the detection process and significantly improving efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the online detection device for respiratory dust concentration of the present invention (partially omitted);

[0024] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram (another perspective) of the online detection device for respiratory dust concentration of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Front view diagram;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of cross-section along line I-I;

[0027] Wherein: ① Main cavity; k0, inlet; k1, outlet; q0, separation zone; q1, detection zone; d, flow guiding module; d0, flow guiding hole;

[0028] ② Detection components; A0, Beam emitter; A1, Photoelectric sensor; A2, Optical path plug;

[0029] ③ Air guiding and dust collection assembly; 1. Air guiding cavity; t. Air guiding channel; k2. Air outlet; 2. Separation cavity; 21. First part; k3. Air inlet; 22. Second part; 23. Third part; q2. Annular barrier zone; q3. Annular cyclone zone; 3. Dust collection cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0035] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the online detection device for respiratory dust concentration in this embodiment includes a main cavity ①, a detection component ②, and an air-guiding dust accumulation component ③.

[0037] Specifically, the main cavity ① has a separation zone q0 and a detection zone q1; the detection component ② includes a beam emitter A0 that emits a detection beam into the main cavity ①, a photoelectric sensor A1 for receiving light reflection or refraction signals, and an optical path plug A2, wherein the emitting end of the beam emitter A0, the receiving end of the photoelectric sensor A1, and the receiving end of the optical path plug A2 are respectively located in the detection zone q0; the air guide and dust accumulation component ③ is located in the separation zone q0 and includes an air guide cavity 1, a separation cavity 2, and a dust accumulation cavity 3 connected sequentially from top to bottom.

[0038] In this example, the main cavity ① is a cuboid cavity, and an inlet k0 connected to the separation zone q0 is formed on one side wall of the main cavity ①, and an outlet k1 connected to the detection zone q1 is formed on the opposite side wall. The sampling gas passes through the separation zone q0 and the detection zone q1 in sequence from the inlet k0 and is discharged from the outlet k1.

[0039] A beam emitter A0 is installed on one side of the detection area q0, a photoelectric sensor A1 is installed on top of the detection area q0, and an optical path plug A2 is installed on the side of the detection area q0 opposite to the beam emitter A0. The optical path plug A2 and the beam emitter A0 are aligned in the beam emission direction, and the optical path plug A2 is used to absorb the beam passing through the detection area q0 from the emitting end. Simultaneously, within the detection area q0, the beam emission direction intersects with the gas flow direction. In some specific embodiments, the beam emitter A0, photoelectric sensor A1, and optical path plug A2 are all prior art. In particular, the optical path plug A2 has the same structure as the optical path plug involved in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN112014281A, and will not be described in detail here.

[0040] For ease of implementation, a flow guiding module d is provided between the separation zone q0 and the detection zone q1. The flow guiding module d has a flow guiding hole d0 that connects the separation zone q0 and the detection zone q1. The center line of the flow guiding hole d0 extends perpendicularly to the beam emission direction. Gas passes through the flow guiding hole from the separation zone q0 into the detection zone q1. The inner diameter of the flow guiding hole d0 gradually decreases along the gas flow direction.

[0041] In this example, the separation zone q0 forms a through hole that runs vertically through the main cavity ①. The air-guiding and dust-collecting assembly ③ is vertically inserted into the separation zone q0. The air-guiding cavity 1, the separation cavity 2, and the dust-collecting cavity 3 are all cylindrical and their center lines coincide. The dust-collecting cavity 3 protrudes downward from the main cavity ①. The air-guiding cavity 1 is closed from the top by an end cap and extends downward from the bottom to form an air-guiding channel t. The air-guiding channel t is inserted downward into the separation cavity 2 and connects the air-guiding cavity 1 and the separation cavity 2. An air outlet k2 is formed on the side wall of the air-guiding cavity 1, which communicates with the guide hole d0. The air outlet k2 is located near the bottom of the air-guiding cavity 1 and is elliptical. The gas discharged from the outlet k2 passes through the guide hole d0 and enters the detection area q1; the side wall of the separation chamber 2 has an inlet k3 located above the bottom inlet of the guide channel t and connected to the inlet k0 of the main chamber ①. The separation chamber 2 is open from the lower end and inserted into the dust accumulation chamber 3. The lower end of the separation chamber 2 is separated from the inner wall of the dust accumulation chamber 3 and forms an annular barrier area q2. The inlet k3 is elliptical. When the gas is inlet, the sampling gas flows spirally downward from the inlet k3 along the inner wall of the separation chamber 2. Large dust particles are deposited in the dust accumulation chamber 3, and the gas containing only respiratory dust enters the guide chamber along the guide channel t and is discharged from the outlet k2.

[0042] For ease of implementation, an annular cyclone zone q3 is formed between the inner wall of the separation chamber 2 and the outer wall of the air guide channel t, and the annular cyclone zone q3 is gradually narrowed from top to bottom; the air guide channel t is a vertically extending cylindrical shape, and the inner cavity of the separation chamber 2 is a conical cavity that gradually narrows from top to bottom, wherein the center lines of the air guide channel t and the conical cavity coincide.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, the separation chamber 2 includes a first part 21, a second part 22, and a third part 23 integrally formed from top to bottom. The first part 21 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the air guide chamber 1 from the top, and the air guide channel t is inserted into the first part 21 from the top downward. An air inlet k3 is formed on the side wall of the first part 21. The second part 22 is inserted into the dust accumulation chamber 3 and threadedly connected to the inner wall of the dust accumulation chamber 3. The third part 23 forms an annular barrier area q2 between its outer wall and the inner wall of the dust accumulation chamber 3. The distance between the outer wall of the third part 23 and the inner wall of the dust accumulation chamber 3 gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0044] In addition, the outer diameters of the first part 21, the second part 22 and the third part 23 gradually decrease from top to bottom. The first part 21 is attached to the top surface of the dust accumulation cavity 3 from the bottom surface and to the bottom surface of the air guide cavity 1 from the top surface. The outer wall of the first part 21 is flush with the outer wall of the air guide cavity 1.

[0045] In summary, this detection device uses a spiraling downward airflow within the separation chamber of the separation zone to send large dust particles into the dust accumulation chamber below. After separation, the gas containing only respirable dust flows upward into the air guide chamber and then into the detection zone from the outlet for detection. Simultaneously, an annular barrier prevents large dust particles from rising with the airflow, reducing the probability of them re-entering the airflow. Therefore, compared to existing technologies, this invention achieves separation of large dust particles from respirable dust and reduces the probability of these particles escaping with the airflow, ensuring that the gas entering the detection zone contains only respirable dust and avoiding interference from large dust particles. This allows for direct detection of respirable dust concentration and effectively improves the accuracy of the detection results. Furthermore, the integrated separation and detection design enables continuous online gas separation and detection, greatly simplifying the detection operation and improving efficiency. Thirdly, the outlet and air guide channel are misaligned. After separating large dust particles, the sampled gas enters the air guide chamber, forming a buffer and reducing its flow rate before exiting from the outlet. This controls the gas flow at a suitable velocity. The gas enters the concentration detector, improving detection accuracy. Simultaneously, when the gas enters the gas guide chamber, the pressure causes it to impact the inner wall of the chamber, creating turbulence that promotes uniform distribution of respirable dust and improves the accuracy of the detection results. Fourthly, it increases the flow rate of the spiral downward airflow formed by the sampling gas, effectively improving the separation efficiency of large dust particles. Fifthly, the annular barrier zone has a large bottom area and a small top area, effectively improving the blocking effect on large dust particles rising with the airflow. Sixthly, the gas guide chamber, separation chamber, and dust accumulation chamber are designed to be detachable. The assembly and disassembly are simple, facilitating subsequent cleaning and maintenance; seventhly, the elliptical air inlet and outlet facilitate greater air intake and exhaust, improving the efficiency of airflow and dust accumulation; eighthly, when the gas after separating large dust particles enters the detection area, the flow direction of the gas can be corrected through the guide hole, ensuring that the flow direction of the gas entering the detection area remains unchanged, reducing detection errors and improving the accuracy of the detection results; ninthly, by setting up an optical path plug, the refraction or reflection of the light beam passing through the detection area is prevented, avoiding interference with the detection results.

[0046] The present invention has been described in detail above, with the aim of enabling those skilled in the art to understand and implement the invention. However, this description should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A device for on-line detection of respiratory dust concentration, comprising a main cavity, a detection assembly, wherein the detection assembly comprises a light beam emitter for emitting a detection light beam into the main cavity, a photoelectric sensor for receiving a light reflection or refraction signal, characterized in that: The main cavity is provided with a separation zone and a detection zone, and the emitting end of the light beam emitter and the receiving end of the photoelectric sensor are arranged in the detection zone respectively; the online detection device further comprises a gas guiding and dust collecting assembly arranged in the separation zone, the gas guiding and dust collecting assembly comprises a gas guiding cavity, a separation cavity and a dust collecting cavity which are sequentially and communicatively arranged from top to bottom, wherein the gas guiding cavity is provided with a gas guiding channel and a gas outlet, the gas guiding channel is inserted into the separation cavity downward, and the gas outlet is communicated with the detection zone; the side wall of the separation cavity is provided with an air inlet located above the bottom inlet of the gas guiding channel, the separation cavity is open from the lower end and is inserted into the dust collecting cavity, and the lower end of the separation cavity is spaced from the inner wall of the dust collecting cavity to form an annular barrier zone, the sampling gas flows downward along the inner wall of the separation cavity spirally, the large particle dust is deposited in the dust collecting cavity, and only the gas containing respiratory dust flows into the gas guiding cavity along the gas guiding channel and flows into the detection zone from the gas outlet; a flow guiding module is further arranged between the detection zone and the separation zone, the flow guiding module is provided with a flow guiding hole which is communicated with the separation zone and the detection zone, the center line of the flow guiding hole is arranged perpendicularly to the light beam emitting direction, and the gas discharged from the gas outlet passes through the flow guiding hole and enters the detection zone; the inner diameter of the flow guiding hole is gradually reduced along the gas flow direction; the annular cyclone zone is formed between the inner wall of the separation cavity and the outer wall of the gas guiding channel, and the annular cyclone zone is gradually narrowed from top to bottom; the gas guiding channel is in a vertical and cylindrical shape; the inner cavity of the separation cavity is a tapered cavity which is gradually narrowed from top to bottom, and the center lines of the gas guiding channel and the tapered cavity are coincidently arranged.

2. The on-line respirable dust concentration detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light beam emitter is arranged on one side of the detection zone, the photoelectric sensor is arranged on the top of the detection zone, and in the detection zone, the emitting direction of the light beam is arranged perpendicularly to the flow direction of the gas.

3. The on-line respirable dust concentration detection device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The detection assembly further comprises a light path plug head which is arranged in the detection zone and opposite to the light beam emitter, and the light path plug head is used for absorbing the light beam passing through the detection zone from the emitting end.

4. The on-line respirable dust concentration detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas guiding cavity is closed at the top, extends downward from the bottom and forms the gas guiding channel, and the gas outlet is formed on the side wall of the gas guiding cavity and arranged close to the bottom of the gas guiding cavity.

5. The on-line respirable dust concentration detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separation cavity comprises a first part, a second part and a third part which are integrally formed from top to bottom, the first part is threadedly connected to the bottom of the gas guiding cavity from the top, the second part is inserted into the dust collecting cavity and threadedly connected to the inner wall of the dust collecting cavity, the third part forms the annular barrier zone between the outer wall and the inner wall of the dust collecting cavity, and the distance between the outer wall of the third part and the inner wall of the dust collecting cavity is gradually increased from top to bottom; the outer diameters of the first part, the second part and the third part are gradually reduced from top to bottom, the bottom surface of the first part is attached to the top surface of the dust collecting cavity, and / or the outer wall of the first part is flush with the outer wall of the gas guiding cavity.

6. The on-line respirable dust concentration detection device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The center lines of the gas guiding cavity, the separation cavity and the dust collecting cavity are coincidently arranged, and the air inlet and the gas outlet are both in an elliptical shape.

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