Carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration unit with air conditioning supply

Abstract

This invention relates to a wet TSA rotor-type carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device. It can efficiently separate and concentrate carbon dioxide gas not only from flue gas but also from air conditioning air and the atmosphere. It utilizes low-temperature heat dissipation below 100°C, enabling miniaturization and high energy efficiency. Within a sealed, foamed modular plate stacked unit structure housing, divided into at least a gas processing zone, a recovery zone, and a desorption zone according to the rotor's rotation direction, carbon dioxide gas is adsorbed onto the rotating rotor. In the gas processing zone, evaporative cooling is performed in a honeycomb-wet state, and the carbon dioxide gas is adsorbed. Saturated vapor is introduced into the desorption zone, where the carbon dioxide gas is desorbed using condensation heat. Finally, it is purified and recovered in the recovery zone at the front of the rotation direction. This prevents thermal / oxidative degradation of the adsorbent material, enables highly efficient separation and high-concentration concentration of carbon dioxide gas, and allows for high energy efficiency recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a wet-type variable temperature carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or an air conditioning device that can recover carbon dioxide with a high recovery rate, concentrate it at a high concentration, has high durability, can utilize heat dissipation at around 100°C, consumes little energy, is inexpensive, and is easy to compact. Background Technology

[0002] As a countermeasure against global warming, efforts are being made worldwide to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from industry, motor vehicles, and households as much as possible. For example, measures include replacing energy-intensive equipment with energy-efficient models. In addition, research is being conducted on measures to utilize renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to replace fossil fuels; technologies to separate and concentrate carbon dioxide from large-scale carbon dioxide production sources such as thermal power plants and store it underground or in the deep sea; crude oil enhancement recovery (CO2-EOR) methods to inject carbon dioxide into oil fields at the end of their production phase to increase oil production; and technologies to separate and recover carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and recycle it as fuel.

[0003] Of the above measures, this invention relates to a technology capable of separating and concentrating carbon dioxide gas at high concentrations not only from gases emitted from thermal power plants, combustion furnaces, etc., but also from the atmosphere and air conditioning. This invention relates to carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration technology that is not installed adjacent to facilities that emit large amounts of carbon dioxide gas, but rather adjacent to sites that recycle and recover carbon dioxide gas, or is compact and easily transportable.

[0004] The most common type of thermal power plant uses fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Other types incinerate urban waste to generate electricity. These plants are characterized by cheap fuel, a proven technological history, and a stable power supply. However, thermal power plants emit carbon dioxide, contributing to global warming.

[0005] As countermeasures, in addition to separating, recovering, and concentrating carbon dioxide from exhaust gas, storing the recovered carbon dioxide underground or in the deep sea, or using it in the crude oil enhanced recovery process (CO2-EOR), various reuse methods have been researched and developed. Various methods for separating, recovering, and concentrating this carbon dioxide gas have been proposed, including cryogenic methods, absorption methods, adsorption methods, and membrane separation methods.

[0006] Cryogenic gas separation involves pressurizing the raw gas and using the temperature difference between the gases under pressure to liquefy and separate carbon dioxide. This method requires electricity from both a compressor to compress the gas and a refrigeration unit for cryogenic cooling. For example, when the carbon dioxide concentration is around 10%, the other 90% of the gas, which does not need to be recovered, must also be compressed and cryogenically cooled, resulting in excessive energy consumption.

[0007] The absorption method, which involves absorbing carbon dioxide gas with an alkaline solution of amines such as monoethanolamine and then concentrating it by heating, has been put into practical use. However, the treatment of alkaline solutions requires expensive, corrosion-resistant materials, resulting in high costs. Furthermore, the concentration of the amine solution is approximately 30%, with about 70% water, and the heat capacity of the liquid being treated is enormous. Therefore, even with heat exchangers installed in critical areas for heat recovery, energy efficiency is nearing its limit.

[0008] Adsorption methods utilize gas adsorption materials such as zeolites and activated carbon. There are two main methods: pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and thermal swing adsorption (TSA). PSA utilizes the principle that the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed changes with pressure. It involves pressurizing the gas to adsorb only carbon dioxide and depressurizing to desorb and recover the carbon dioxide. Therefore, it requires high-pressure containers and peripheral equipment such as solenoid valves, compressors, and vacuum pumps, making it difficult to scale up.

[0009] The TSA method involves adsorbing carbon dioxide gas at temperatures below 50°C (all temperatures are in degrees Celsius), and then desorbing the carbon dioxide gas using gas heated to approximately 100–200°C for recovery. In multi-tower systems where multiple adsorption towers filled with carbon dioxide adsorbent material are alternately switched between adsorption and regeneration, drawbacks include high gas pressure loss, inability to avoid concentration and pressure fluctuations caused by tower switching, and difficulty in scaling up to large scale.

[0010] In the TSA process, dehumidification technology using large-scale rotary adsorption honeycomb rotors with low pressure loss and technology for recovering and concentrating organic solvents from coating exhaust have also been put into practical use. The rotor's inlet and outlet are separated by sectors to form multiple regions, and improvements have been made by focusing on the flow (flow pattern) of the treated gas and desorbed gas to each region. To date, gas adsorption machines for dehumidification at ultra-low dew point temperatures (Patent Document 1) and methods for concentrating dilute VOCs to the highest possible concentration have been disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3. Concentration of carbon dioxide gas has also been studied, with Patent Document 4 disclosing the separation and concentration from combustion exhaust and Patent Document 5 disclosing the separation of carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere for air conditioning. However, regarding carbon dioxide gas, it is known that existing TSA methods have reached their theoretical limits in terms of recovery rate, recovery concentration, and energy efficiency. Patent Document 6 also discloses a technology for desorption and concentration using superheated steam through a moving layer of granular adsorption material instead of a honeycomb rotor, but many problems exist regarding recovery costs and other issues. The inventors have conducted research and development on the use of saturated vapor for regeneration desorption as a new technology in patent documents 7, 8, 9, and 10. However, there are still many issues to be addressed for practical application, such as the recovery efficiency of carbon dioxide gas, concentration, cost reduction, and energy saving.

[0011] In recent years, particularly abroad, the technology for directly separating and recovering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (Direct Air Capture, hereinafter referred to as DAC, patent documents 11, 12, 13) has been developed and tested. The advantages of DAC are: ① it can target dispersed and mobile emission sources such as motor vehicles and aircraft; ② it can also target carbon dioxide emitted in the past; ③ the location of the recovery device is not restricted by the emission source, and carbon dioxide feedstock can be obtained near the recycling plant; and so on. Large-scale empirical tests have been conducted in Europe and the United States.

[0012] On the other hand, carbon dioxide gas has certain demands in welding, medical applications, food preservation, and other fields. Furthermore, its raw material gas is recycled and used as a byproduct in petrochemical plants and ammonia synthesis. Ammonia, used as fertilizer and other products, supports the livelihoods of 70% of the world's population and is considered the most produced chemical substance by humankind; its production process generates over 3% of total carbon dioxide emissions.

[0013] Ammonia has garnered attention as a fuel that does not produce carbon dioxide, but its manufacturing process utilizes fossil fuels such as natural gas, which does generate carbon dioxide. While the produced carbon dioxide is recycled, some is released into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

[0014] In the future, concerns about carbon dioxide emissions and plastic waste pollution caused by traditional ammonia production methods will drive resource recycling and a re-evaluation of production methods with less environmental impact. As a shortage of raw material gas sources for carbon dioxide in products is anticipated, the sources of carbon dioxide for products will also shift towards renewable sources in the future.

[0015] Existing technical documents

[0016] Patent documents

[0017] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 2673300

[0018] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-309330

[0019] Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-37611

[0020] Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent No. 6498483

[0021] Patent Document 5: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2011-94821

[0022] Patent Document 6: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-69423

[0023] Patent Document 7: Japanese Patent No. 6605548

[0024] Patent Document 8: Japanese Patent No. 6408082

[0025] Patent Document 9: Japanese Patent No. 6510702

[0026] Patent Document 10: Japanese Patent No. 6632005

[0027] Patent Document 11: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-528318

[0028] Patent Document 12: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-23976

[0029] Patent Document 13: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-502833

[0030] Patent Document 14: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-132522 Summary of the Invention

[0031] The problem the invention aims to solve

[0032] This invention relates to a method for separating and concentrating carbon dioxide gas not only from exhaust gas from power plants and the like, but also from external gases and air conditioning air. Therefore, a wet TSA carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device is proposed that can recover carbon dioxide with a high recovery rate, concentrate it to a high concentration, be small and compact, have low cost, high durability, utilize exhaust heat at around 100°C, and has high thermal efficiency.

[0033] Adsorption and absorption are different but similar phenomena, and the term "adsorption" is sometimes used when both factors are present. For example, in the study of carbon dioxide gas recovery, even gel-type ion exchange resins are considered to have pores filled with water. Carbon dioxide diffuses within these pores and is adsorbed onto fixed amine groups on the inner surface of the pores, similar to the adsorption and removal of organic matter from water using activated carbon.

[0034] To avoid confusion in the expression of adsorption and absorption, the term "adsorption" will be used in the cited literature and in previous dry TSA methods, while "adsorption" will be used for carbon dioxide in wet TSA methods.

[0035] In addition, there are expressions that use the terms "material" or "agent," but "agent" refers to a substance with an indeterminate shape. "Material" refers to a substance that produces function and quality through a structure that is controlled by factors such as fine pore structure and surface area and whose functional groups are fixed. In this specification, it is referred to as "material."

[0036] Furthermore, following the distinction between using water and water vapor, the chemical substance or molecule is described as carbon dioxide, but when explicitly stated as a gas, it is described as carbon dioxide gas. Additionally, the recovery rate of carbon dioxide and the concentration of recovered carbon dioxide are simply expressed as recovery rate and recovery concentration, respectively.

[0037] When the target is air dehumidified by a dehumidifier, the term is sometimes used to describe the treatment / regeneration of the adsorbent material. When the purpose is to concentrate VOCs (volatile organic compounds), the term is sometimes used to describe the adsorption / desorption of the recovered gaseous substances. The text also uses both "treatment / regeneration" and "adsorption / desorption," but because the focus is on either the adsorbent material or the gas, they superficially imply the same operation. The two expressions are used either to follow the cited literature or for ease of understanding based on the context at the time.

[0038] The Limits of High Performance

[0039] Patent Document 4 discloses an improved version of a conventional dry TSA process for concentrating and recovering carbon dioxide from flue gas and the like using a zeolite honeycomb rotor capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide. The TSA rotor concentration method is a process researched and invented with the aim of improving rotor cooling, removal of adsorption heat, energy efficiency, and increasing recovery rate and concentration. Even when combining a method that cools the adsorbed outlet gas while repeatedly circulating it in the cooling zone (=adsorption zone) to increase recovery rate, and a special purification method that heats the desorbed carbon dioxide gas while repeatedly circulating it in the desorption zone to increase recovery concentration, a recovery rate of around 60% and a recovery concentration of around 75% are considered limits; there is a trade-off where increasing one aspect results in a decrease in the other. Furthermore, since the adsorbed and desorbed gases must be circulated multiple times, as shown in Patent Document 8, a rotor diameter more than twice that used for dehumidification or VOC concentration is required. As mentioned above, even with innovations in carbon dioxide adsorption materials, it is impossible to expect further significant performance improvements on the existing dry TSA method. Therefore, a completely new approach is needed to achieve technological breakthroughs.

[0040] Larger rotor and regenerable high air volume

[0041] The technology disclosed in Patent Document 5 was developed to improve the energy efficiency of air conditioning by separating and removing carbon dioxide gas from air-conditioned air and the atmosphere for air conditioning supply. However, the concentration of carbon dioxide gas separated and removed is about 1000ppm, which requires a large amount of regenerated air with the same air volume as the air being processed. Therefore, the large size of the rotor and the space and cost of the large air supply / exhaust pipes for regeneration have become issues.

[0042] Performance degradation and energy loss caused by water vapor entrainment

[0043] The technologies disclosed in patent documents 7, 8, and 9 are wet TSA methods invented with the goal of technological breakthrough, based on the above research experience and insights. First, for comparison, the problems of the previous dry TSA methods will be explained. In the previous dry TSA methods, water vapor in the feed gas is also adsorbed during carbon dioxide adsorption, generating heat of adsorption. This not only hinders the adsorption of carbon dioxide but also results in significant energy loss during carbon dioxide desorption due to the energy consumed by the desorption of adsorbed water.

[0044] Patent document 6 discloses a method that uses amine-added spherical silica gel to adsorb carbon dioxide gas from furnace exhaust via a moving layer, followed by regeneration and desorption using superheated steam to recover high-concentration carbon dioxide gas. However, wet TSA methods are difficult to implement when using spherical silica gel in a filled, moving, or flowing layer. This is because problems can occur due to flow path blockage or flow deviation caused by condensate, or particle adhesion and solidification caused by the surface tension of condensate.

[0045] To avoid such problems, spherical silica gel with a particle size of 1 mm or larger must be selected. However, if the particle size is larger than 1 mm, the slower-reacting deeper core becomes a thermodynamic burden during the adsorption / desorption cycle, compared to the faster-reacting surface layer. In other words, the slower-reacting deeper core acts as a sensible heat storage medium, and the adsorbed water in the deeper core is also added to the sensible heat storage. Thus, the slower-reacting deeper core of the spherical silica gel stores heat during desorption heating, delaying the onset of desorption, and excessively producing harmful condensate, which becomes a heat load during adsorption, delaying the onset of adsorption.

[0046] Furthermore, if the balance between condensation and evaporation of adsorbed / desorbed water vapor is disrupted, condensate accumulation becomes an obstacle to continuous operation, necessitating a drying process, which in turn increases the cooling process. Consequently, in order to achieve an effective adsorption / desorption rate by overcoming the diffusion resistance within the particles, the length of the adsorption band increases, pressure loss rises, and the required amount of granular silica gel must be increased.

[0047] In Patent Document 6, to address the residual condensate resulting from the disruption of the condensation-evaporation balance, a drying process must be added after the desorption process. To avoid this, a method for controlling the supply of superheated steam is proposed, but this contradicts the goal of saving energy. The adsorbent used in the wet TSA method of this invention is prepared by honeycombing a sheet of amine-based ion exchange resin particles with a diameter of 0.1 mm or less, as disclosed in Patent Document 7; a polymer sheet with carbon dioxide adsorption function and a thickness of 1 mm or less; or a sheet of particles with a diameter of 1 mm or less that is adhesively and fixedly loaded, as disclosed in Patent Document 8. Therefore, the condensation-evaporation balance is less likely to be disrupted, and there are no adverse effects caused by condensate. Furthermore, Patent Document 10 discloses a method using an adsorbent formed by stacking sheets of dispersed granular adsorbent material instead of a honeycomb structure. Since the granular adsorbent material is fixed at a distance, it is not affected by particle consolidation caused by the surface tension of condensate or flow path blockage caused by capillary forces. In any of the patent documents 7, 8, 9, and 10, condensate will not flow out from the surface of the particles or honeycomb. Therefore, the problem of residual condensate treatment due to the thermal behavior of particle layers with a diameter of 1 mm or more, as described above, will not occur. Therefore, there is no need for a drying process after desorption, a cooling process, or superheated steam for controlling the amount of condensate.

[0048] In the wet TSA method, superheated steam is not used in the desorption of carbon dioxide gas; instead, saturated steam below 100°C is used. This not only allows for the high-concentration recovery of carbon dioxide gas by utilizing the condensation heat of the saturated steam, but also ensures that the water vapor condensed from the steam during desorption remains on the inner surface of the honeycomb structure. This water vapor simultaneously evaporates and cools the rotor in the processing zone while adsorbing carbon dioxide gas, thus rapidly cooling the rotor immediately after desorption and suppressing temperature rise by balancing the adsorption heat of carbon dioxide gas. Therefore, compared to the dry TSA method, the adsorption performance of carbon dioxide gas is significantly improved. The technologies disclosed in Patent Documents 7, 8, 9, and 10 have shortcomings and challenges in terms of recovery rate, recovery concentration, energy efficiency, and cost reduction.

[0049] Technical Issue 1: Thermal / Oxidative Deterioration of Adsorbent Materials

[0050] Preventing the thermal / oxidative degradation of amine-based carbon dioxide adsorbents from desorption at higher temperatures presents a trade-off between performance improvements and has always been an important research topic.

[0051] Patent document 5 uses an amine-based weakly basic ion exchange resin capable of separating carbon dioxide gas, and experiments were conducted under low-temperature regeneration to avoid thermal / oxidative degradation of the adsorbent material. However, research shows that even with low-temperature regeneration at around 45°C, significant performance degradation occurs within a short time in dry air.

[0052] Patent document 11 discloses a technique that reduces the oxygen concentration to 20-400 mb before the desorption process after carbon dioxide adsorption, thereby preventing the oxidative degradation of the amine-functionalized adsorbent material and preventing gases such as air from mixing into the recovered carbon dioxide gas, thus improving the purity of the recovered carbon dioxide gas. In addition, a method is used to pre-purify the adsorbent material chamber with an inactive gas to remove oxygen-containing gases before the desorption operation. However, there are many factors that increase the cost, such as the pressure resistance of the pressure reducing equipment and apparatus, and the cost of inactive gases.

[0053] In Patent Document 12, oxygen is removed from the desorption path by purifying with an inert gas before transferring from the adsorption process to the desorption process. A method is also disclosed that cools the adsorbent material structure with an inert gas before returning to the adsorption process to prevent oxidative damage to the adsorbent material. However, in the method of purification with an inert gas, the cost of the inert gas and the initial cost of the purification device become issues, and the reduction in carbon dioxide concentration caused by the introduction of the purification gas also needs to be considered.

[0054] Patent document 13 discloses a method for a rotary adsorption concentration device with a sealable regeneration chamber, which uses an exhaust pump or the like to reduce pressure and cool the chamber, thereby lowering the oxygen concentration and preventing thermal / oxidative degradation. However, in the method of reducing pressure using an exhaust pump, in addition to the initial and operating costs of the exhaust pump, there are also costs associated with the regeneration chamber requiring pressure resistance and difficulties in ensuring a tight seal.

[0055] Patent document 9 discloses a method in a wet TSA process that constructs a gas circulation path connecting the inlet and outlet of the desorption zone, and supplies saturated vapor to a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor discharged from the desorption zone, thereby circulating the mixture. This reduces the oxygen concentration in the desorption path, preventing thermal / oxidative degradation of the carbon dioxide adsorbent material and improving durability. However, while this method improves performance to some extent, because desorption occurs in a heated mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor, as detailed in the comparative examples below, the carbon dioxide recovery rate and concentration are limited by the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the mixture. Further technological breakthroughs are needed for carbon dioxide separation, recovery, and concentration technology using wet TSA with saturated vapor.

[0056] Technical Issue 2: Methods to increase recovery concentration (Analysis of past inventions)

[0057] Patent Document 1 discloses the process of a rotary energy-saving ultra-low dew point dehumidifier. The dehumidifier is divided into a second adsorption zone, a first adsorption zone, a second regeneration zone, a first regeneration zone, and a pre-cooling purification zone, in the order of the rotor's rotation direction. The processed air passes through the honeycomb structure of the first adsorption zone and is dehumidified. The dehumidified processed air is heated due to adsorption heat, and after cooling, it is further dehumidified to an ultra-low dew point in the second adsorption zone before being supplied.

[0058] On the regeneration side, a portion of the outlet air from the second adsorption zone is introduced into the pre-cooling purification zone. The newly regenerated honeycomb cells are purified and cooled with ultra-low dew point air, and then rotated and moved to the second adsorption zone. The purified outlet air is heated due to the heat recovered from the honeycomb cells, and is further heated by a regeneration air heater, thereby regenerating the honeycomb cells that have passed through the first regeneration zone. Since the air that has passed through the first regeneration zone still has a low dew point and high temperature, it is reheated and used for regeneration exhaust through the honeycomb cells in the second regeneration zone. This flow structure allows for energy savings and dehumidification to ultra-low dew points using a single rotor unit. This method aims to maximize the removal rate of water vapor from the treated air while suppressing regeneration energy consumption, but it cannot increase the recovered concentration.

[0059] Patent Document 2 discloses a process for concentrating a gas of low concentration, comprising, in sequence according to the rotation direction of a rotor, an adsorption zone, a first desorption zone, a concentration zone, and a second desorption zone. Heated air, after a portion of the gas being processed has been heated by an air heater, is introduced into the first and second desorption zones. In the first desorption zone, the gas adsorbed in the adsorption zone is concentrated and desorbed. The initially concentrated gas leaving the first desorption zone is introduced into the concentration zone and re-adsorbed. Then, the honeycomb rotor moves to the second desorption zone, where it is concentrated and recovered at a high ratio through the introduction of the aforementioned desorption air. This method is limited to a concentration of ten to twenty times, and cannot achieve concentrations exceeding that.

[0060] The technology disclosed in Patent Document 3 is also a process for concentrating gases at the lowest possible concentration, and it includes an adsorption zone, a first desorption zone, a second desorption zone, a third desorption zone, and a purification zone in the direction of rotor rotation. A portion of the gas to be processed passes through the purification zone to cool the rotor, and the purified gas is heated by heat recovery from the air, then heated by a heater, and introduced into the first, second, and third desorption zones for desorption. As the rotor rotates, the gas exiting the first desorption zone (where concentration is low at the beginning of desorption) and the gas exiting the third desorption zone (where concentration is low at the end of desorption) are returned to the processing inlet for mixing, thereby increasing the adsorption concentration. This is a process for recovering concentrated gas from the outlet of the second desorption zone, where the concentration peak is highest among the three desorption zones. However, this method is limited to a concentration of ten to twenty times, and cannot achieve concentrations exceeding this.

[0061] Patent documents 2 and 3 both describe processes for concentrating dilute VOC gases to the highest possible concentration, by tens to twenty times. In principle, none of the patent documents 1, 2, or 3 can achieve the high concentration recovery of external gases with carbon dioxide concentrations of several hundred ppm or combustion exhaust gases with a concentration of around 10%, as desired by this invention, using a dry TSA method to recover and concentrate them to a concentration of 50%–100%. As mentioned above, none of the existing patent ideas filed to date have proposed a method capable of separating and recovering VOCs with a concentration of several hundred ppm and concentrating them to a concentration of several tens of ppm or higher using a rotary TSA method.

[0062] Technical Task 3: Achieving a low-cost, heat-insulating device structure

[0063] Compared to the heating gas used for regeneration in the previous dry TSA method, saturated vapor, although its temperature is below 100°C, has a high energy density. A temperature drop of only a few degrees will produce a large amount of condensate and energy loss. Therefore, a method that can suppress cost increases and ensure high thermal insulation has been studied.

[0064] Traditional air handling unit manufacturing methods involve processing and welding metal sheets to assemble canisters, which are then coated. Sealant is used to prevent leakage at overlapping metal sections. The rotor, heat exchange coils, heaters, and blowers are then assembled and wired, with insulation applied where necessary. For heat resistance, fiberglass insulation is used; for preventing condensation, expanded polystyrene insulation boards are used. As mentioned above, this process inevitably involves numerous steps and increases costs.

[0065] In other previous technologies, there were also methods that used insulation boards such as expanded polystyrene boards bonded between two steel plates, assembled into a box shape by forming an aluminum frame, and then installed equipment such as rotors and blowers inside to reduce the cost of insulation processes. However, this approach is mainly aimed at medium and large-sized equipment that is used for air conditioning and heating / cooling. For equipment that requires TSA operation, internal heat-resistant pipes and insulation mechanisms must be used, which still leads to increased costs.

[0066] Patent document 14 relates to reducing the cost of insulation in heat exchange ventilation devices. It discloses a ventilation device with high insulation and high sound insulation by combining a "heat exchange element structure" (assembled with heat exchange elements and molded from expanded polystyrene), an "exhaust fan side structure" (assembled with exhaust fan and molded from expanded polystyrene), and a "supply fan side structure" (assembled with supply fan and molded from expanded polystyrene) into separate flow paths on the exhaust side and supply side.

[0067] This method aims to achieve quiet operation and low cost for household heat exchange ventilation fans, excelling in insulation, quiet operation, productivity, and low cost. However, it is suitable for mass production of a few varieties, but not for small-batch production systems designed for large-scale equipment. Furthermore, since it is a static total heat exchanger ventilation device, it can be addressed with such materials and construction. In contrast, this invention aims to utilize a wet TSA method for carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration, which requires high insulation and heat resistance. It also presents challenges related to sliding seals for the rotating rotor, complex purification and flow paths, and the use of saturated steam, thus presenting difficulties in various dimensions.

[0068] means for solving problems

[0069] A solution that simultaneously addresses technical challenges 1 and 2

[0070] To further improve the performance of the wet TSA method, the case of raising the saturated vapor temperature to near 100°C was studied, and countermeasures were considered for the thermal / oxidative degradation of the adsorbent material due to oxygen introduced into the desorption zone. A newly invented method and apparatus, developed through repeated trial production and development experiments, is a carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device. In this device, a rotor capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide gas is housed within a separately sealed housing having, in order at least in the rotor's rotation direction, a gas processing zone, a recovery zone formed in a stacked, highly insulating structure that does not produce condensation, and a desorption zone. The rotor is rotated, and in the gas processing zone, while the rotor is wet, it is contacted with air or a mixture containing carbon dioxide gas for vaporization cooling and adsorption of carbon dioxide gas. Saturated vapor is introduced into the desorption zone, where the heat of condensation of the vapor desorbs the high concentration of carbon dioxide gas, which is then recovered through the recovery zone.

[0071] To date, various inventions have been made regarding the process of rotor-type gas recovery and concentration devices, but they all recover the outlet gas of the desorption zone desorbed by the highest-energy desorbed gas. However, the difference of this invention lies in that the desorbed outlet gas desorbed by the highest-energy desorbed gas (saturated vapor) is passed through a recovery zone for heat recovery, cooling, dehumidification, and recovery. In other words, a method is used where saturated vapor at close to 100°C is introduced into the desorption zone to desorb carbon dioxide gas from the honeycomb structure, and a mixture of the outlet carbon dioxide gas and saturated water vapor is introduced and passed through the recovery zone on the front side of the rotation direction to recover the carbon dioxide gas.

[0072] As a method to further improve recovery rate, recovery concentration, and energy efficiency, an apparatus is considered that combines a circulating purification zone before and after the recovery zone and desorption zone. A carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration apparatus and / or air conditioning apparatus includes a rotor capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide gas housed within a separately sealed housing comprising, at least in the direction of rotation, a gas processing zone, a gas purification zone, a recovery zone, a desorption zone, and a desorbed gas purification zone, formed in a stacked structure of highly insulating material that does not produce condensation. The rotor is rotated, and in the gas processing zone, while the rotor is wet, it is contacted with air or a mixture containing carbon dioxide gas for vaporization cooling and adsorption of carbon dioxide gas. The gas processing zone and the desorbed gas purification zone are circulated for purification. Saturated vapor is introduced into the desorption zone, and the high concentration of carbon dioxide gas is desorbed using the condensation heat of the vapor and recovered through the recovery zone. The circulating purified gas is circulated by a pump.

[0073] Carbon dioxide gas separation, concentration, and recovery on its own is insufficient for a viable business. Therefore, a method combining carbon dioxide gas recovery with the efficient utilization of treated air with low carbon dioxide concentrations has been considered. A carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device are provided, wherein a carbon dioxide-containing mixed gas is atmospheric air or conditioned air, air exiting from the gas treatment area is supplied for air conditioning, and carbon dioxide gas exiting from the recovery area is recovered. Due to the energy-saving effect of air conditioning ventilation and the higher carbon dioxide concentration in conditioned air compared to atmospheric air, an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide recovered per unit of processed air volume can be expected.

[0074] Technical Project 3: A solution to simultaneously achieve high thermal insulation and reduce costs for the device.

[0075] The wet TSA carbon dioxide separation and concentration technology, which is the object of this invention, is considered, based on the experimental results of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 described later, to be an absolute condition for forming a highly insulating structure, considering the leakage and drainage of condensate. This is because the outflow of condensate outside the recovered gas means a huge heat loss.

[0076] Previously, air handling units such as dehumidifiers and VOC concentrators were manufactured by assembling welded metal sheet products into cans, painting them, and installing blowers, rotors, sealing devices, heaters, internal piping, and other structural equipment. Key components were then insulated and electrical wiring was installed before production began. Poor insulation could lead to insufficient performance, energy loss, and condensation, requiring time and effort to rectify, thus increasing processing time and becoming a major cause of cost increases.

[0077] In wet TSA separation and concentration processes, each stage requires higher insulation than previous products. This is because saturated vapor at near 100°C has a heat capacity hundreds of times greater than air or carbon dioxide at the same temperature. Furthermore, while saturated water vapor at 100°C is 100% water vapor, the lower the temperature, the higher the rate of mixing with gases other than water vapor. Therefore, maintaining the saturated vapor temperature as close to 100°C as possible is considered essential for mitigating thermal / oxidative degradation and achieving high-concentration recovery.

[0078] The wet TSA carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device of the present invention, as described above, has a complex area. To prevent condensation and heat loss of vapors in unwanted areas, it requires high thermal insulation and moisture / heat resistance. Furthermore, due to the large concentration difference between the feed gas and the recovered gas, high sealing performance is required. A method for realizing such a device with high productivity, low cost, high thermal insulation, and lightweight structure was investigated, and a "modular plate stacked unit structure" was invented. This "modular plate stacked unit structure" is an integrated assembly of multiple foamed modular plates, each containing various devices and flow paths, stacked on foamed plates made of materials selected according to the required characteristics of the desired parts.

[0079] The "modular plate stacked unit structure" is achieved by processing the installation space and gas flow path of structural equipment on multiple foamed plates, assembling structural equipment such as rotors and drive devices, and stacking the various modular plates to form a carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or an air conditioning device. Specifically, as a carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or an air conditioning device, the "rotor box module plate", the front and rear "rotor end face module plates", and the "air supply system module plate" are stacked and assembled into one unit. The "rotor box module plate" is formed by assembling a honeycomb rotor with the ability to absorb carbon dioxide gas and a drive system consisting of a drive motor and a drive belt onto a foamed plate. The front and rear "rotor end face module plates" are formed by assembling "stacked structure purification / recovery blocks" consisting of multiple heat-resistant foamed rubber plates with spaces and connecting paths for desorption, recovery, and purification flow paths onto foamed plates that support the rotor shaft and the rotor end faces in a sealed sliding manner. The "air supply system module plate" is equipped with a gas supply fan.

[0080] In the "rotor box module," the fan-shaped sections constituting the recovery, desorption, and purification areas—the "layered purification / recovery blocks"—are particularly important. These blocks also require elasticity, sliding properties, wear resistance, heat resistance, and water resistance to ensure sealing. The "layered purification / recovery block" is a stacked structure consisting of fan-shaped sheets, some with spaces for desorption, recovery, and purification, and others without these spaces. The sliding surface in contact with the rotor end face is a heat- and wear-resistant sliding sheet. Below this is a layer of foamed rubber sheet, and below that is a layer of foamed rubber sheet or foam board with connecting paths between the areas. The bottom layer is an insulating board without any space between areas. These layers are stacked and bonded together to form a block. A vapor inlet and a desorbed gas recovery section are provided on the outer periphery or bottom surface, thus forming the "layered purification / recovery block." The bottom insulating board can be any type of foamed rubber or resin-based foam board. Assemble the "layered structure purification / recycling block" as described above onto the "rotor end face module plate".

[0081] Invention Effects

[0082] Simultaneous resolution of technical issues 1 and 2

[0083] The new invention's process involves setting up a gas processing zone, a recovery zone, and a desorption zone in sequence according to the rotor's rotation direction. Saturated steam at close to 100°C is introduced into the desorption zone, and the carbon dioxide gas adsorbed on the honeycomb is desorbed using the condensation heat of the steam. This gas is then introduced and passed through the recovery zone at the front of the rotation direction, where the carbon dioxide gas is recovered.

[0084] This process, combined with the purification and recovery of air drawn into the recovery zone due to rotor rotation, ensures that no oxygen is introduced into the desorption zone, which is at its highest temperature. This effect suppresses the oxidative degradation of the adsorbent material, allowing for the use of saturated vapor close to 100°C. Furthermore, in the recovery zone, the energy-saving effect of preheating / heat recovery of the honeycomb before desorption, and the reduction in gas temperature and vapor content observed from the recovered gas side, further reduce the cooling load required for separating recovered carbon dioxide and water vapor.

[0085] As a method to further improve recovery rate, recovery concentration, and energy efficiency, a combined circulating purification zone before and after the aforementioned recovery zone and desorption zone is considered. The processed gas, moving within the honeycomb voids as it rotates from the processed gas zone, is exhausted in the processed gas purification zone. This exhaust gas is then introduced into the desorption gas purification zone via a circulation path, displacing the desorbed gas contained within the honeycomb voids in the desorption gas purification zone. The expelled desorbed gas is then introduced into the processed gas purification zone via the circulation path.

[0086] Based on the above-described cyclic purification principle, by combining the purification zones before and after the carbon dioxide recovery zone and the desorption zone, the gas in the honeycomb pores is mutually replaced, which improves the recovery rate, recovery concentration, and energy efficiency. The cyclic purification technology is also described in Patent Document 1.

[0087] The effectiveness of previous technologies in addressing issue 3

[0088] The "modular panel stacked unit construction" selects foamed boards made of materials that meet the required characteristics of the desired parts. The required parts are extracted and installed into the constituent components to create modular units. These modular panels are then stacked to form a unified whole. Therefore, there is no need for can manufacturing, leak-proof sealing of welded parts, or rust-proof coating. Sufficient insulation is ensured through simple assembly, and the system can handle production from small batches to large batches, significantly reducing costs. Furthermore, by employing desorption, recovery, and purification functional units—the "stacked purification / recovery block"—it features complex, multi-zone design with high precision and low-friction sliding, providing excellent sealing and conformability. No complex adjustments are required, ensuring heat resistance, insulation, and durability while controlling costs. Attached Figure Description

[0089] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the adsorption / desorption principle of wet TSA.

[0090] Figure 2 This is a basic flow chart of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] Figure 3 This is a basic flow chart of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] Figure 4 This is a comparison graph of saturated vapor temperature and the heat function of heated air.

[0093] Figure 5 It is a graph illustrating the mixing rate of gases other than vapor based on the temperature of saturated vapor.

[0094] Figure 6 This is an exploded photograph of the foaming module plate stacked unit of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device according to the second embodiment of the present invention before assembly.

[0095] Figure 7 This is a component diagram of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device of the second embodiment of the present invention before assembly of the "layered purification / recovery block".

[0096] Figure 8This is a diagram showing the assembled "stacked purification / recovery block" of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0097] Figure 9 This is an assembly photograph of the "stacked purification / recovery block" of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device according to the second embodiment of the present invention being assembled onto the rotor end face module plate.

[0098] Figure 10 The image shows a portable prototype No. 2 of the carbon dioxide separation, recovery and concentration device, which is a "foamed module plate stacked unit structure" of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and a prototype of Example 2.

[0099] Figure 11 This is a conceptual diagram of a medium-scale expansion of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration apparatus and / or air conditioning apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0100] Figure 12 This is a conceptual diagram of a medium-sized to large-scale carbon dioxide separation, recovery, and concentration device that incorporates a carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration apparatus and / or an air conditioning unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0101] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the dry TSA method experiment of Comparative Example 1.

[0102] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the wet TSA method experiment of Comparative Example 2.

[0103] Figure 15 This is a graph showing the time-varying concentration and recovery rate of carbon dioxide gas when the experimental setup of Comparative Example 2 is started.

[0104] Figure 16 This is a graph showing the rotor inlet and outlet temperatures of the desorption side circulation path in Comparative Example 2, as well as the rise temperature ΔT of the processed air.

[0105] Figure 17 This is a graph showing the effect of the processing flow rate to the desorption side circulation flow rate ratio in Comparative Example 2.

[0106] Figure 18 This is a graph showing the attempt to improve performance by increasing the steam input in Comparative Example 2.

[0107] Figure 19 This is a graph showing the distribution of the processed gas outlet temperature at different rotor rotation angles in Comparative Example 2.

[0108] Figure 20 This is a graph showing the carbon dioxide recovery rate of the treated gas outlet at different rotor rotation angles in Comparative Example 2.

[0109] Figure 21 This is a photograph of Comparative Example 3, Portable Prototype Test Unit 1.

[0110] Figure 22 This is a comparative graph showing the performance impact of increasing the desorption circulation flow rate on the test machine in Comparative Example 3 versus the performance improvement effect of increasing the treatment side air velocity = air volume.

[0111] Figure 23 This is a photograph of the "rotor box module board" that can be seen after removing the "rotor end face module board" near the front of the portable prototype test machine No. 2 in the second embodiment, Example 2.

[0112] Figure 24 This is a graph showing the increase in recovery rate and recovery concentration after the experimental device of Example 2 of the second embodiment is started.

[0113] Figure 25 This is a graph showing the change in carbon dioxide concentration at the treatment outlet after the experimental device of Example 2 of the second embodiment is started.

[0114] Figure 26 This is a graph showing the carbon dioxide concentration and recovery concentration at the treatment side outlet according to different rotor rotation angles in Example 2 of the second embodiment.

[0115] Figure 27 The graph shows the time variation of carbon dioxide gas recovery after the test device of Example 2 of the second embodiment is started. Detailed Implementation

[0116] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in each drawing, components, etc., labeled with the same reference numerals are identical or similar structures, and repeated descriptions of them are appropriately omitted. Additionally, in each drawing, illustrations of components, etc., that do not require explanation are appropriately omitted.

[0117] Used for high-performance adsorption / desorption, recovery, and purification processes.

[0118] To improve performance, the case of raising the saturated vapor temperature to near 100°C was investigated, and countermeasures were taken to address the thermal / oxidative degradation of the adsorbent material due to oxygen introduced into the desorption zone. The basic process of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration apparatus and / or air conditioning apparatus of the first embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2As shown, a rotor 1 capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide gas is housed within a separately sealed housing having a gas processing zone 4, a recovery zone 5, and a desorption zone 6 in at least the order of rotation, and is rotated thereunder. In the gas processing zone 4, the rotor, in a wet state, is brought into contact with air or a mixture containing carbon dioxide gas for vaporization cooling and adsorption of carbon dioxide gas. Saturated vapor is introduced into the desorption zone 6, and the high concentration of carbon dioxide gas is desorbed using the heat of condensation of the vapor. The outlet gas is then recovered through the recovery zone 5.

[0119] This process minimizes the risk of oxygen contamination, thus suppressing the oxidative degradation of the adsorbent material in the highest-temperature desorption zone and allowing for the use of saturated vapor close to 100°C, thereby improving performance. Furthermore, the recovery zone 5 offers numerous advantages, including improved energy efficiency through preheating / heat recovery of the honeycomb before desorption, and reduced cooling load for water vapor separation of the recovered gas due to the decreased temperature and vapor volume of carbon dioxide from the recovered gas side. To further enhance energy efficiency, the recovery zone 5 can be configured as a two- or three-section system by reversing its direction at the front of the rotor rotation.

[0120] As a process to further improve recovery rate, recovery concentration, and energy efficiency, a second embodiment was invented that combines a pre- and post-recovery circulating purification zone between the recovery zone and the desorption zone. Figure 3 The apparatus. The carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration apparatus and / or air conditioning apparatus of the second embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the rotor 1, capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide gas, has at least, in the order of rotation, a gas processing zone 4, a gas processing purification zone 7, a recovery zone 5, a desorption zone 6, and a desorption gas purification zone 8. It is a carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or an air conditioning device that circulates and purifies the gas in the gas processing purification zone 7 and the desorption gas purification zone 8. The circulated purified gas is circulated by a diaphragm-type constant-volume pump.

[0121] As the rotor rotates, the oxygen-containing gas, enclosed in the honeycomb and introduced from the processed gas zone, is discharged in the processed gas purification zone 7. This exhaust gas is then introduced into the desorption gas purification zone 8, where the desorption gas enclosed in the honeycomb is displaced. The displaced desorption gas is then circulated back into the processed gas purification zone 7. As described above, by mutually displacing the gas in the honeycomb voids before and after the recovery / desorption zone, the recovery rate, recovery concentration, and energy efficiency are improved.

[0122] A "layered structure purification / recycling block" that enables complex process structures at a low cost and with high precision.

[0123] Traditional separation and concentration devices, including recovery, desorption, and purification zones, typically employ welded sheet metal or, in smaller units, cast chamber structures. Each chamber is insulated, and the gas flow path is formed by external piping. Therefore, such complex flow path structures are impractical for real-world applications. This paper proposes a method to achieve such complex zone and process structures in a simple, highly insulated, and low-cost manner. A "layered purification / recovery block" structure integrating the recovery, desorption, and purification zones is proposed.

[0124] The "layered purification / recovery block" requires elasticity, heat resistance, and sealing. The material is selected based on heat resistance and other required characteristics, including the foaming ratio and material of the rubber sheet. For example, a silicone rubber foam sheet with a thickness of 3-4 mm or more, and 5 mm or more depending on the size of the device (assuming a certain degree of thickness and hardness, and expressed as a sheet), is used, as shown in the component diagram before assembly of the "layered purification / recovery block" of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 In this way, spatial areas and connecting paths are created in each layer. This processing can be performed using Thomson lithography, laser lithography, waterjet lithography, and other existing methods for mass production. Furthermore, it is possible to develop a manufacturing method for 3D printers that utilize stacked layers in the future.

[0125] In the portion that slides in contact with the rotor end face, a sheet with low sliding friction, such as a fluoropolymer-based resin, can be used. A soft, highly conformable foamed rubber layer can be selected in the layer directly below it, while a rigid foamed rubber sheet can be selected in the bottommost layer. When rigidity is required for scalability, the lower layers can be constructed from a harder foamed rubber sheet or a resin-based foamed board. If necessary, laser-cut metal sheets can also be easily sandwiched between them for reinforcement. By using these layers of foamed rubber sheets... Figure 8 Such layered bonding can form a "layered structure purification / recycling block"18 that constitutes each region and the necessary connecting paths. In this way, it has a complex plurality of regions, and has high precision and low friction sliding, good sealing effect, and good followability. It does not require complicated adjustments, can ensure heat resistance, heat insulation and durability, and suppress costs.

[0126] In addition, even complex process structures can be easily implemented at low cost with the "layered structure purification / recovery block". Therefore, by turning back the recovery area 5 and adding a second recovery area on the front side of the rotation direction, the energy efficiency can be further improved through the heat recovery and pre-cooling effect of the gas in two stages and the waste heat effect of the honeycomb.

[0127] "Modular panel laminated unit structure" is a high-insulation structure that can be achieved at low cost.

[0128] In wet TSA separation and concentration method ( Figure 1 In this product, compared to previous products, each section requires higher insulation performance. This is because, for example... Figure 4 As shown, saturated vapor at nearly 100°C has a heat capacity several hundred times greater than air or carbon dioxide gas at the same temperature. Furthermore, from... Figure 5 It is known that in saturated water vapor at 100°C, water vapor constitutes 100%, but at 80°C, the mixing rate of gases other than water vapor is 50%. Therefore, it is considered that keeping the saturated vapor temperature as close to 100°C as possible is a necessary condition for countermeasures against thermal / oxidative degradation and for high-concentration recovery. Furthermore, from... Figure 4 It is known that a drop of just a few degrees from saturated vapor temperature of 100°C results in a huge energy loss, thus requiring high thermal insulation. Therefore, a "modular panel laminated unit structure" that can achieve high thermal insulation at low cost was considered.

[0129] The "modular panel stacked unit structure" assembles the structural equipment by processing the installation space and gas flow path into multiple foamed panels, stacking the individual modular panels to form a carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or an air conditioning device. Specifically, an exploded photograph of the foamed modular panel stacked unit before assembly is shown, as an example of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 The diagram shows a method for assembling a "rotor box module plate" 14, a front "rotor end face module plate" 15, a rear "rotor end face module plate" 16, and an "air supply system module plate" 17 into a single unit. The "rotor box module plate" 14 is formed by assembling a honeycomb rotor 1 with the ability to absorb carbon dioxide gas and a drive system onto a foamed plate. The front "rotor end face module plate" 15 and the rear "rotor end face module plate" 16 are respectively assembled with the aforementioned "layered structure purification / recovery block" 18 on foamed plates that support the rotor shaft and both end faces in a sealed sliding manner. The "layered structure purification / recovery block" 18 is formed by stacking multiple heat-resistant foamed rubber plates, etc., that constitute the flow path space, and attaching and stacking a sliding material containing glass fiber and fluoropolymer resin on the sliding surface. The "air supply system module plate" 17 is equipped with a gas processing blower.

[0130] Small boilers and circulating pumps are assembled in space on any modular plate. When the "layered structure purification / recycling block" 18 is set to slightly protrude from the rotor end face sliding contact surface of the "rotor end face module plate" by a pressing amount, the following sealing performance of the area block towards the rotor end face is improved, which is even better, and maintenance, replacement and adjustment are also easy.

[0131] like Figure 9(Assembly photograph of the "Layered Purification / Recovery Block" of the carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device and / or air conditioning device according to the second embodiment of the present invention being assembled onto the rotor end face module plate) As shown, the "Layered Purification / Recovery Block" 18, formed by the foamed rubber laminated structure as described above, is assembled onto the front and rear "Rotor End Face Module Plates" 15 and 16 made of foamed polystyrene board or the like, and an outer peripheral seal is provided. Furthermore, the "Rotor Box Module Plate" 14 and the "Air Supply System Module Plate" 17 are laminated together in the order of 15, 14, 16, and 17 to complete the "Module Plate Laminated Unit Structure".

[0132] "Modular board stacked unit construction" according to Figure 10 This allows for a device that combines low cost with high thermal insulation, flexible sealing, and energy efficiency. To ensure durability during transport and outdoor use, and considering design necessity, the exterior of the stacked units may also be designed with materials such as colored steel plates for bonding or covering.

[0133] As described above, the "modular board stacking unit structure" of the device of the present invention selects heat-insulating foam boards of materials that meet the required characteristics of the required parts, extracts the required parts and installs them into the constituent components to form a modular structure, and stacks the various modular boards to form an integrated device. Therefore, there is no need for can manufacturing, leak-proof sealing of welding parts, or rust-proof coating. Sufficient heat insulation can be ensured through simple assembly, and it can also cope with production from small batches to large batches, which can significantly reduce costs.

[0134] The present invention will be described using a honeycomb rotor. It is configured to use a rotor 1 on a honeycomb made of inorganic fiber sheets, metal sheets, or plastic sheets, etc., on which an adsorption material having amine groups with a particle size of 1 mm or less is loaded. Figure 3 As shown, following the rotor's rotation direction, the gas passes through the processed gas zone 4, the processed gas purification zone 7, the recovery zone 5, the desorption zone 6, and the desorbed gas purification zone 8, before returning to the processed gas zone 4. In a simpler structure, it can also be as previously invented... Figure 2 That would omit the processes in gas purification zones 7 and 8. In addition, besides honeycomb, an adsorbent body with sheets of dispersedly bonded granular adsorbent material stacked on top of each other can also be used, and the rotor can be cylindrical instead of disc-shaped.

[0135] use Figure 3 Examples of recovering carbon dioxide gas from external gases and air conditioning are given.

[0136] The treated gas is atmospheric air or conditioned air, therefore no special pretreatment is required; a coarse dust filter similar to those used in general air conditioners is sufficient. For example, external air is passed through the treated gas zone 4, causing the honeycomb rotor 1 to absorb carbon dioxide gas, which is then exhausted by a blower. The concentration of carbon dioxide gas in this exhaust gas is lower than that of the external air; therefore, if used for indoor air conditioning, it can also reduce the ventilation load and improve intelligent productivity. The rotor, which has absorbed carbon dioxide gas, rotates to the treated gas purification zone 7, where it is purified with gas from the desorption gas purification zone 8, and then rotates to the next recovery zone 5. In the recovery zone 5, the outlet gas from the desorption zone 6 is introduced, and the gas that has passed through is recovered as high-concentration carbon dioxide gas.

[0137] The outlet gas of desorption zone 6 is a mixture of high-concentration carbon dioxide gas and saturated vapor, which is recovered through recovery zone 5. This further reduces the risk of oxygen being introduced into desorption zone 6, and provides a heat recovery effect by preheating the gas passing through the honeycomb before desorption. Furthermore, from the perspective of the recovered gas, it is pre-cooled, reducing the energy load of water vapor cooling separation in subsequent processes.

[0138] As the honeycomb rotates from the recovery zone 5 to the desorption zone 6, saturated vapor at close to 100°C is introduced. The carbon dioxide gas adsorbed on the honeycomb is desorbed by the heat of condensation of the vapor, while water vapor condenses. Since the mixed oxygen is removed beforehand by the recovery of the outlet gas from the desorption zone 6 in the recovery zone 5, the thermal oxidative degradation of the adsorbent material can be suppressed even when saturated vapor at close to 100°C is introduced in the desorption zone 6.

[0139] The honeycomb rotates from desorption zone 6 to desorption gas purification zone 8, where the mixture of desorption gas and saturated vapor contained in the honeycomb pores is purified. The gas used for purification is the main body of the processed gas that has been purified and circulated in the aforementioned processed gas purification zone 7. The main body of the desorption gas purified in desorption gas purification zone 8 is circulated back to the aforementioned processed gas purification zone 7.

[0140] like Figure 2 As shown, the circulating gas purification zones 7 and 8 mentioned above can be omitted. In this case, air from the gas treatment zone is mixed into the recovered gas to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration, but this is not a problem when it is reused in plant factories, etc.

[0141] Without the circulating gas purification zones 7 and 8, the honeycomb, having desorbed carbon dioxide gas, then rotates to the processing gas zone 4. The honeycomb is still very hot immediately after moving, but because its surface is covered with condensate, it does not directly contact the oxygen-containing air. It is immediately cooled by the latent heat of vaporization of the condensate, preventing thermal oxidation and degradation. The rotor, cooled by the latent heat of vaporization, begins to adsorb carbon dioxide gas. The heat of adsorption is removed by the latent heat of vaporization of the condensate, thus suppressing temperature rise and achieving effective adsorption. In this way, the wet TSA method exchanges the heat of adsorption of carbon dioxide gas and the heat of vaporization of water during adsorption, and the heat of desorption of carbon dioxide gas and the heat of condensation of water vapor during desorption, effectively separating and concentrating carbon dioxide gas.

[0142] Regarding medium-sized, Figure 10 Expanding in scale, such as Figure 11 As shown, this is a medium-sized unit that integrates air supply and desorption / recovery functions. In further large-scale applications, such as... Figure 12 As shown, due to its lightweight nature, multiple combinations are also easy to make.

[0143] When recovering carbon dioxide from flue gas, the flue gas is characterized by high temperature and humidity, and also contains pollutants such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and dust. Therefore, pretreatment devices such as denitrification units, wet scrubbers, desulfurization units, and bag filters are installed to remove harmful gases and dust, resulting in treated gas. Even after pretreatment, the treated gas remains hot and humid for adsorption; therefore, cooling and dehumidification are preferred.

[0144] In zeolite systems, dehumidification to a negative dew point temperature is necessary. However, in wet TSA methods, the external gas temperature and humidity can be maintained throughout the year. There is also a method disclosed in Patent Document 9 that uses a rotary total heat exchanger to exchange heat with external gas to reduce temperature and humidity. In this method, operating costs increase only slightly, and initial costs are kept low. Other aspects are similar to the case where external gas or air conditioning air is used as the treatment gas. However, because the carbon dioxide concentration of the treatment gas from flues, etc., is high, the specific zone ratios can be designed accordingly.

[0145] [The process of conducting the research]

[0146] For the separation and concentration of carbon dioxide gas using low-temperature heat dissipation, zeolite systems with high desorption temperatures are unreasonable. Amine systems are promising, but their desorption temperatures are limited due to their susceptibility to thermal / oxidative degradation. Various research institutions and researchers have studied heat- and oxidation-resistant adsorbent materials, but technological breakthroughs are still expected in terms of equipment and application methods. Patent documents 11 and 12 introduce solutions, but in methods using inert gases for purification, the cost of the purified gas and its supply equipment is high, and there is a problem of reduced recovery concentration due to the contamination of inert gases.

[0147] Although a rotary device for extracting oxygen-containing gas using a vacuum pump was also proposed in Patent Document 13, this method also increases the strength of the device, the initial and operating costs of the vacuum pump, and introduces an atmospheric and vacuum switching sealing structure. Moreover, it also presents many challenges in terms of scaling up and cost reduction.

[0148] [Comparative Example 1]

[0149] Figure 13 This describes an example of atmospheric carbon dioxide separation and recovery using a conventional dry TSA method. The honeycomb rotor 12 is made by processing porous paper corrugated with inorganic fibers such as glass fiber into a spacing of 3.0 mm and a height of 2.0 mm, winding it, impregnating it with a coating solution containing amine-based weakly basic ion exchange resin micropowder with a particle size distribution of 0.02–0.1 mm and a heat- and water-resistant adhesive, drying it, and then grinding it to obtain a volumetric specific gravity of 150 kg / m³ containing 50% by weight of the aforementioned micropowder. 3 12. A honeycomb rotor with a width of Φ200mm×200mm.

[0150] Carbon dioxide gas concentration was measured using non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR), with a measurement range of 0–10,000 ppm. The experimental conditions were: a treatment zone to desorption zone ratio and a flow rate ratio of 1:1; and a treatment gas velocity of 2 m / s. Both the treatment and desorption sides used the same external gas. The desorption side was heated to 55°C before being introduced into the desorption zone. This temperature was designed to prevent thermal oxidative degradation of the ion exchange resin; however, experimental results showed that degradation did occur even under these conditions.

[0151] In the dry TSA process, when air passes through the honeycomb structure of the gas treatment zone, the inlet air temperature rises from 18.9°C to 42.2°C at the outlet due to the heat storage brought in from the desorption zone, the heat of adsorption of carbon dioxide gas, and the heat of adsorption of water vapor. The carbon dioxide gas recovery rate is 45%, and the carbon dioxide gas concentration on the recovery side is 710 ppm. This regeneration method, which utilizes low-temperature heated air, requires a large amount of desorption air to supplement the desorption energy, making high-concentration concentration impossible.

[0152] Furthermore, since the treated gas is an external gas with a low carbon dioxide concentration, the temperature rise Δt = 23.3°C due to the passage through the treated gas zone is primarily attributed to the heat of adsorption of water vapor. The carbon dioxide recovery rate is 45%, but when the treated gas is a high-concentration gas such as flue gas (around 10% carbon dioxide), a significant amount of heat of adsorption occurs, making such a high removal rate unrealistic. As described in Patent Document 4, the recovery rate cannot be improved without repeatedly circulating the treated gas while simultaneously cooling it, and this is impossible at desorption temperatures around 100°C.

[0153] Therefore, the wet TSA method was invented and developed. For example... Figure 1 As shown in the diagram above, saturated vapor is introduced into the desorption zone, utilizing the heat of condensation of the water vapor to desorb carbon dioxide. The honeycomb, moistened by condensate, rotates and moves to the processing gas zone. When carbon dioxide-containing gas flows through the processing gas zone, causing the honeycomb to adsorb the carbon dioxide, in the dry TSA method, the temperature of the adsorbing material and the raw gas rises due to the adsorption heat of carbon dioxide and water vapor, thus reducing the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed. However, in the wet TSA method, as... Figure 1 As shown in the figure below, the heat of adsorption generated by the adsorption of carbon dioxide gas is removed by the simultaneous evaporation and cooling of the condensate on the honeycomb surface, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the honeycomb and the raw material gas, and enabling the adsorption of carbon dioxide gas with high efficiency.

[0154] Since saturated vapor at near 100°C has a heat capacity more than 100 times that of heated air or carbon dioxide gas at the same temperature, it is not necessary to repeatedly reheat and circulate the carbon dioxide gas to achieve desorption, as is done in Patent Document 1. Furthermore, because the saturated vapor with its large heat capacity requires a smaller introduction volume, the desorption zone is smaller, and the rotor can be miniaturized. The saturated vapor introduced into the desorption zone is cooled by the heating of the honeycomb and the supply of heat from the desorption of carbon dioxide gas, and condenses on the surface of the honeycomb and the adsorbent material.

[0155] The honeycomb and adsorbent materials, after being moved to the processing gas area, become wet for the reasons mentioned above. However, when the processing gas flows in, they are strongly cooled due to the evaporative cooling effect of the moisture and begin to adsorb carbon dioxide gas. In order to take advantage of the evaporative cooling effect of the processing gas, it is preferable to cool and dehumidify the processing gas, but it is not necessary to dehumidify it to a negative dew point as in the case of using synthetic zeolite; it is sufficient to keep it within the temperature and humidity range of the external gas.

[0156] In the wet TSA process, because the honeycomb is wetted in water, the heat of adsorption is effectively cooled by converting the heat of vaporization of the treated gas into the heat of vaporization of the condensed water, thus maintaining high adsorption performance. Specifically, compared to the standard latent heat of vaporization of carbon dioxide (369.9 kJ / kg to 573 kJ / kg), which is considered the latent heat of vaporization of carbon dioxide, water has a latent heat of vaporization of 2500 kJ / kg. Therefore, it is calculated that by evaporating 1 kg of water adhering to or absorbing the honeycomb and adsorbent material, approximately 4–5 kg of the heat of adsorption of carbon dioxide can be removed.

[0157] Furthermore, it has the effect of improving durability. Solid amine-based carbon dioxide adsorbents and amine-based ion exchange resins, when lacking oxygen, can sometimes withstand temperatures up to 100°C, but in dry air, they sometimes deteriorate significantly even at around 40°C. Ion exchange resins have higher durability in the hydrated state, and this can be considered the same for other amine-based adsorbents. It is believed that in the method of the present invention, even if all processes are carried out in a wet hydrated state, durability can still be improved.

[0158] The temperature rise during adsorption is suppressed to a low level due to the vaporization cooling phenomenon of the condensate. The desorption zone reaches 60-100°C, but it is mainly composed of carbon dioxide gas and saturated vapor with almost no oxygen. When it rotates back to the high temperature of the treatment zone 4, the surface of the adsorbent material is covered with condensate, avoiding direct contact with oxygen. It is rapidly cooled by the vaporization cooling phenomenon of the condensate, thus preventing oxidation and deterioration and improving durability.

[0159] In the wet TSA method of Patent Document 9, a method is disclosed that saturated vapor is mixed in while the desorbed carbon dioxide gas is circulated to the desorption zone to suppress oxygen concentration and also to suppress desorption temperature, thereby suppressing thermal oxidative degradation. For example, it is known that in the case of weakly basic ion exchange resins used for carbon dioxide adsorption, the hydrated state is more stable than the dry state, and it is believed that the hydrated state is also more stable in other amine-based adsorbent materials, and this trend has been confirmed by experiments. However, as explained in Comparative Example 2, in this method, since the partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas in the desorption circulation path is relatively high and the desorption temperature is around 80°C, the recovery concentration is limited to a few percent, and it is believed that further technological breakthroughs are needed to improve the recovery concentration.

[0160] [Comparative Example 2]

[0161] then, Figure 14This is a comparative example of a wet TSA (Total Vapor Analysis) apparatus. In this wet TSA method, the heat of condensation of water vapor is used to desorb carbon dioxide gas. During the adsorption of carbon dioxide, the latent heat of vaporization of the condensate is used to remove the heat of adsorption, thereby significantly improving the recovery rate and concentration. An external gas is used for the treatment gas. Since the recovered gas becomes highly concentrated under high humidity, a diaphragm electrode method capable of measuring both liquid and gas phases is used to measure carbon dioxide concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 100%. The carbon dioxide concentration on the treatment gas side is measured using a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method, with concentrations ranging from 0% to 10,000 ppm.

[0162] The test rotor was of the same type and style as Comparative Example 1. Figure 14 As shown, because high-energy-density saturated vapor is used on the desorption side, the desorption zone is much smaller, with a treatment gas to desorption zone ratio of 10:1. The through-flow velocity on the treatment gas side is 2 m / s, under the same conditions. On the desorption side, the recovered carbon dioxide-containing gas is circulated, and saturated vapor at 100°C is introduced and mixed, then adjusted to approximately 80°C before being introduced into the desorption zone.

[0163] Figures 15-16 This represents experimental data. Figure 15 This is a graph showing the time-varying changes in carbon dioxide gas recovery concentration and recovery rate during device startup. After startup, the recovery rate reaches equilibrium in 1-2 hours, and the recovered gas concentration reaches equilibrium in about 3 hours. Figure 16 The values ​​represent the rotor inlet and outlet temperatures along the desorption-side circulation path. The inlet-outlet temperature difference is less than 10°C, supplied by introducing saturated steam at 100°C from a steam humidifier. The temperature rise of the processed air, i.e., the inlet / outlet temperature difference, is due to the vaporization cooling effect of the wet TSA method, remaining below 1°C until the end of the experiment. The recovered gas concentration is 2–3%, significantly higher than Comparative Example 1, and no detectable performance degradation was observed during the approximately 4-month experiment.

[0164] Figure 17 With a fixed flow rate on the desorption and recovery cycle side, the relationship between carbon dioxide recovery rate and recovery concentration was investigated, affecting the impact of changes in the treatment flow rate. Increasing the treatment flow rate was considered beneficial for improving the recovery concentration, but the effect was limited, leading to a decrease in the recovery rate. This demonstrates a trade-off where, when removal rate equals recovery rate, reducing the treatment flow rate is preferable.

[0165] Figure 18In the same experimental setup, increasing the steam input was attempted to improve the carbon dioxide recovery rate and concentration. To avoid degradation of the adsorbent material, the desorption side circulating gas volume and rotor speed were adjusted, and the desorption temperature was adjusted to approximately 80°C. The recovery rate was 50–70%, higher than the dry TSA method in Comparative Example 1. Increasing the steam input and adjusting the rotor speed improved the carbon dioxide recovery rate, but the improvement in recovery concentration was minimal. Therefore, further technological breakthroughs are needed to improve the recovery concentration.

[0166] Figures 19-20 This is a graph showing the distribution of the temperature at the outlet of the treated gas and the carbon dioxide gas recovery rate according to different rotor rotation angles. Figure 19 The three lines represent the results of three measurements, but the outlet temperature is also high at the point immediately after rotating from the desorption region to the gas processing region. Figure 20 The recovery rate at the same location was significantly negative. This means that because the carbon dioxide concentration was higher than that of the treated gas, a transfer outflow of desorbed gas from the desorption zone to the treated gas zone was observed due to rotor rotation. Improving the carbon dioxide recovery rate requires research into gas purification, which also suggests the need to focus on reducing the recovery concentration by minimizing the transfer of air from the treated zone into the recovery / desorption zone.

[0167] [Comparative Example 3]

[0168] The prototype No. 1 of a portable carbon dioxide separation and concentration device envisioned using air that has had its carbon dioxide levels reduced by removing it from air conditioning and the atmosphere, and then supplying the recovered and concentrated carbon dioxide to a plant factory to promote vegetable growth. Figure 21 Trial production tests were conducted.

[0169] Considering portability, the test rotor is Φ300×50mm wide. The honeycomb size is the same as in Examples 1 and 2, and it contains an amine-based adsorbent material. The zone structure is largely the same as in Example 2, but due to the low pressure loss, an axial-flow exhaust fan is used on the gas treatment side. The desorption side consists of a small blower with variable airflow forming a circulation path. The steam is configured by reusing the boiler components of a household steam cleaner, guiding the generated steam into the circulation path, and recovering the gas from the circulation path.

[0170] The test results are as follows Figure 22As shown in the figure, this figure illustrates the effect of adjusting the desorption recirculation gas volume and the treatment-side airflow on the carbon dioxide concentration. Increasing the desorption recirculation gas volume decreases the recovered carbon dioxide concentration. This is believed to be because increasing the recirculation gas volume beyond what is necessary increases the differential pressure, leading to increased gas leakage. The effect of the treatment airflow was confirmed by setting up two treatment fans and increasing the airflow from 269 CMH (1.33 m / s) to 356 CMH (1.76 m / s). While there is some improvement in the recovery concentration, the prospects are not promising, and this result indicates that further technological breakthroughs are needed for practical application.

[0171] [Example 1]

[0172] A prototype No. 2 portable carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device, envisioned to use the same wet TSA method as Comparative Examples 2 and 3 to remove carbon dioxide from air-conditioned air and atmospheric air for use in air conditioning, and to supply the recovered and concentrated carbon dioxide gas to plant factories and other applications to promote vegetable growth, was tested. The rotor was the same as that in Comparative Example 3.

[0173] In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, both the recovery rate and the recovery concentration were limited. A method was investigated and adopted that allows saturated vapor at 100°C to be directly introduced into the desorption zone. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the configuration is such that, in the order of the rotor's rotation direction, the gas passes through the processed gas zone 4, the recovery zone 5, and the desorption zone 6 before returning to the processed gas zone 4. Saturated vapor at nearly 100°C is introduced into the desorption zone 6, where the carbon dioxide gas is desorbed using the condensation heat of the saturated vapor. This desorbed gas is then introduced into the recovery zone 5 at the beginning of the rotation direction and allowed to pass through for recovery.

[0174] In the pilot production test of Example 1, deformation and leakage occurred due to insufficient heat resistance of the foamed board. As a result of countermeasure research, a "layered structure purification / recycling block" was invented. Even complex purification and process structures can be manufactured with low cost and high precision using the "layered structure purification / recycling block," thus leading to the development of Example 2, an invention that further improves recycling performance, concentration performance, and energy efficiency. To accelerate research and development, the performance testing of Example 1 was interrupted to prioritize Example 2; therefore, no test data was collected.

[0175] [Example 2]

[0176] like Figure 3As shown, the configuration is such that, in the order of the rotor's rotation direction, the gas passes through the processed gas zone 4, the processed gas purification zone 7, the recovery zone 5, the desorption zone 6, and the desorbed gas purification zone 8, before returning to the processed gas zone 4. Saturated vapor at nearly 100°C is introduced into the desorption zone, where the carbon dioxide gas is desorbed using the condensation heat of the saturated vapor. This desorbed gas is then introduced into the recovery zone 5 at the beginning of the rotation direction and recovered.

[0177] As the rotor rotates, the processed gas enclosed in the honeycomb moves to the processed gas purification zone 7, but the processed gas is purified by the gas from the desorption gas purification zone 8. Even so, oxygen that may be mixed in is recovered in the recovery zone 5 through the outlet gas of the desorption zone 6, preventing oxygen from mixing into the desorption zone 6, which has become the highest temperature. Even if saturated vapor close to 100°C is introduced, oxidation and deterioration can be prevented.

[0178] The desorption outlet gas from the recovery zone, a mixture of carbon dioxide and saturated water vapor, achieves heat recovery from the gas passing through the recovery zone, thus utilizing the residual heat of the honeycomb structure. Simultaneously, from the perspective of the recovered gas, it reduces the latent heat of the gas after desorption, lowering the water vapor separation load and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. Furthermore, the gas exchange between the treatment gas purification zone 7 and the desorption gas purification zone 8 further enhances the carbon dioxide recovery rate and concentration, and improves energy efficiency.

[0179] Figure 10 This is a photograph showing the assembly of the portable prototype unit No. 2. The rotor is the same as that of Comparative Example 3. Processing air is drawn in through the opening in this figure and exhausted using a 41W fan located on the inside. The 50mm wide honeycomb rotor has low pressure loss, so an axial flow ventilation fan is sufficient, with a wind speed of 3.4m / s and an air volume of 7.3cm.

[0180] As a means to improve the recovery rate, recovery concentration, energy efficiency, and cost reduction of carbon dioxide gas, the portable prototype No. 2 machine was prototyped using the invented "foaming module board stacked unit structure". Figure 6The photograph shows the "rotor box module plate" 16, the front and rear "rotor end face module plates" 15 and 16, and the "air supply system module plate" 17 before assembly (Example 2). The "rotor box module plate" 16 is formed from a foamed plate, creating a rotor, outer shell, and rotor drive device as the core for carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration. The front and rear "rotor end face module plates" 15 and 16 are assembled on foamed plates that support the rotor shaft and both end faces in a sealed sliding manner, forming a flow path with stacked purification / recovery blocks 18. The "air supply system module plate" 17 houses a gas handling blower and a purified air pump. The small boiler is constructed by spanning multiple module plates and has built-in installation space. Assembling the various module plates into a single unit constitutes... Figure 10 A device for taking photographs.

[0181] Figure 23 This is a photograph of the prototype No. 2, showing the rotor box module 14 after removing the "rotor end face module plate" 15 (Example 2). The prototype No. 2 was made with a 50mm wide rotor, but if the foam board is replaced with a thicker component or multiple layers are overlapped, it is easy to accommodate a wider rotor. There is a 4W rotor drive motor on the upper right, and a 1kW small boiler and water tank are located diagonally below the rotor, but since they are all embedded in the insulation board, the insulation is high.

[0182] The "layered purification / recycling block" 18 constituting the recycling zone 5, desorption zone 6, and each purification zone 7, 8 requires heat resistance, heat insulation, flexibility, sealing, sliding properties, and wear resistance. Therefore, in this embodiment 2, a foamed silicone rubber sheet is used, such as... Figure 7 As shown, separate cutting plates are made to create spaces for each area and to form connecting paths between these spaces. The bottom layer, without cutting, has a base plate with gas inlet and outlet pipes, etc., and then the gaps are filled with silicone sealant. Figure 8 The photo shows how the "layered purification / recycling blocks" 18 are bonded together as a single unit, such as... Figure 9 As shown in the photo, they are assembled into the "rotor end face module plates" 15 and 16. In addition, a glass cloth reinforced fluororesin sheet with excellent heat resistance, sliding properties, and wear resistance is bonded to the sliding surface of the rotor end face to ensure sealing and sliding performance.

[0183] The steam boiler 10 reuses components from a 1kW household steam cleaner. With a capacity of 350cc, it can generate steam for approximately 10 minutes, but an additional water tank is installed to ensure an operating time of over 15 minutes. For continuous operation, it can be a multi-tank automatic water supply type, sourced from tap water.

[0184] exist Figure 6 The air supply system module 17 of the photo has a built-in air pump 11 for purification, which is connected to the circulation pipe to the purification area.

[0185] Figure 24 The rising state of the device after startup is shown. In Comparative Example 2... Figure 15 In this case, data collection begins after the waste heat from the steam humidifier has dissipated. Stabilization of the recovery rate takes 1 hour, and reaching a recovery concentration of 2.5% takes 3 hours. In contrast, in Example 1… Figure 24 Although there is a time lag in the rise of the boiler water temperature, the recovery rate reaches 45% in about 3 minutes after startup, and the recovery concentration reaches 50% in about 15 minutes. This shows that compared to Comparative Example 2, the heating rate is significantly faster, indicating superior thermal efficiency. Because the gas contact section and main body are highly insulated and have low heat capacity, heat loss during startup and shutdown is minimal, making frequent startup and shutdown a significant characteristic.

[0186] In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, unexpected condensation flowed out of the test apparatus, but in Example 2, no condensation was generated except in the carbon dioxide gas recovery pipe. Therefore, heat loss caused by insulation and residual heat of the apparatus was almost eliminated.

[0187] Figure 25 This indicates the change in carbon dioxide gas concentration at the treatment outlet after startup. It can be seen that the external gas concentration of approximately 440 ppm decreased to approximately 250 ppm during 2-3 minutes of operation, after which a stable supply was achieved. If this air were used for air conditioning, energy efficiency could be improved, and intelligent productivity effects could be expected. The recovery rate was approximately 45%, but the rotor width was 50 mm and the treatment-side flow velocity was 3.3 m / s. In contrast, considering that Comparative Example 1 of the dry TSA method achieved the same removal rate at a width of 200 mm and a flow rate of 2 m / s, the superiority of the wet TSA method can be understood.

[0188] Figure 26 These are the measured data of carbon dioxide gas concentration at different rotation angles at the outlet of the treatment zone. The recovered (removed) concentration, obtained by subtracting the treatment outlet concentration from the external gas concentration, is also shown. Even at the point immediately after rotating from the desorbed gas purification zone to the treatment zone, the carbon dioxide gas concentration is sufficiently low; no carbon dioxide gas concentration higher than the treatment gas concentration was observed as in Comparative Example 2, thus confirming the effectiveness of the circulating purification zone.

[0189] Figure 27 This indicates the rate of carbon dioxide gas recovery after startup. Equilibrium is reached in approximately 3 minutes, with the carbon dioxide recovery rate stabilizing at around 0.9 liters per minute. These data were obtained during the optimization of various parameters, including rotor speed and purified gas flow rate. The recovery concentration reached 50% during the process, and 100% was also measured during the experiment. Therefore, it is believed that achieving a concentration close to 100% is possible with optimal parameters.

[0190] Industrial availability

[0191] This invention relates to a wet TSA (Total Self-Stay-Air) carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device that can concentrate carbon dioxide with high recovery rate and high concentration, is highly durable, can utilize heat dissipation at around 100°C, has good energy efficiency, is inexpensive, and is easily compacted. It can separate, concentrate, and recover carbon dioxide gas not only from flue gas but also from the atmosphere and air conditioning systems. Therefore, air with reduced carbon dioxide concentration can be used for air conditioning ventilation, and the recovered high-concentration carbon dioxide gas can be supplied to plant farms, etc., helping to improve vegetable productivity.

[0192] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0193] 1. Carbon dioxide is drawn onto the honeycomb rotor.

[0194] 2. Rotor-driven motor

[0195] 3 Rotor drive belt

[0196] 4. Gas Processing Area

[0197] 5 Recycling Area

[0198] 6. Desorption region

[0199] 7. Processing Gas Purification Area

[0200] 8 Desorption Gas Purification Area

[0201] 9. Gas handling fan

[0202] 10 Steam Boilers

[0203] 11 Purification Pump

[0204] 12 Air heaters

[0205] 13 Blower

[0206] 14 Rotor Box Module Board

[0207] 15 Front rotor end face module board

[0208] 16 Rear rotor end face module board

[0209] 17 Air Supply System Module Board

[0210] 18-layer stacked purification / recycling blocks

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device capable of supplying air from the treated outlet for air conditioning, wherein, A rotor capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide gas is housed within a housing and rotated. The housing comprises, at least sequentially in the direction of rotor rotation, a gas processing area, a recovery area, and a desorption area, each area being sealed. The recovery area and the desorption area are formed within a layered purification / recovery block with a highly insulating structure that does not produce condensation. In the gas processing area, while the rotor is wet, it is brought into contact with air or a mixture of gases containing carbon dioxide for vaporization cooling, and carbon dioxide is adsorbed. Saturated water vapor at close to 100°C is introduced into the desorption area, thereby utilizing the heat of condensation of the vapor to desorb the high concentration of carbon dioxide gas, which is then recovered through the recovery area.

2. A carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device capable of supplying air from the treated outlet for air conditioning, wherein, A rotor capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide gas is housed within a housing and rotated. The housing, in at least the order of rotation, comprises a gas processing area, a gas purification area, a recovery area, a desorption area, and a desorbed gas purification area, each area being sealed. The gas purification area, the recovery area, the desorption area, and the desorbed gas purification area are formed on a layered purification / recovery block with a highly insulating structure that does not produce condensation. In the gas processing area, with the rotor in a wet state, the rotor is brought into contact with air or a mixture of gases containing carbon dioxide for vaporization cooling and adsorption of carbon dioxide. The gas processing purification area and the desorption gas purification area are circulated for purification. Saturated water vapor at close to 100°C is introduced into the desorption area, thereby utilizing the condensation heat of the vapor to desorb the high concentration of carbon dioxide gas, which is then recovered through the recovery area.

3. The carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device according to claim 1 or 2, capable of supplying air from the treated outlet for air conditioning, wherein, The mixed gas containing carbon dioxide is atmospheric air or air conditioning air. The air coming out of the gas processing area is used for air conditioning, and the carbon dioxide gas coming out of the recovery area is recovered.

4. The carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device according to claim 1 or 2, capable of supplying air from the treated outlet for air conditioning, wherein, The rotor box module plate, the front rotor end face module plate, the rear rotor end face module plate, and the air supply system module plate are stacked and assembled into one unit. The rotor box module plate is formed by assembling a honeycomb rotor and a drive system consisting of a drive motor and a drive belt onto a foam plate. The front rotor end face module plate and the rear rotor end face module plate are formed by assembling stacked purification / recovery blocks onto foam plates respectively. The stacked purification / recovery blocks are composed of a plurality of heat-resistant foamed rubber plates with desorption, recovery, purification flow paths and connecting paths. The foam plates hold the rotor shaft and support the two ends of the rotor in a sealed sliding manner. The air supply system module plate is equipped with a gas processing blower.

5. The carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device according to claim 1 or 2, capable of supplying air from the treated outlet for air conditioning, wherein, The carbon dioxide gas separation and concentration device is assembled with a stacked purification / recovery block. The stacked purification / recovery block is a stacked structure of fan-shaped sheets with or without spatial zones. In the stacked purification / recovery block, the sliding surface in contact with the rotor end face is a heat-resistant and wear-resistant sliding sheet. The lower layer is a foamed rubber sheet layer, the next lower layer is a foamed rubber sheet layer or a foamed board layer with connecting paths between the zones, and the bottom layer is an insulation board without spatial zones. They are stacked and bonded together to form a block, and a vapor inlet and a desorbed gas recovery section are provided on the outer periphery or bottom surface.

Images