A method for grafting apricot plum with wild cherry plum

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of horticultural cultivation, and provides a method for grafting Prunus simonii Carr. with Prunus armeniaca × sibirica Ldb.: timely collect one-year-old developed branches with a diameter of 0.5 cm - 0.6 cm as scion wood, and then cut them into scions with 2 - 3 buds; select two-year-old rootstocks for branch grafting in spring, the incision of the rootstock is about 6 cm - 8 cm, insert the scion into the incision of the rootstock, align and press closely the cambium of the scion incision and the cambium of the rootstock incision, and wrap the grafting part with a film. The grafting method provided by the present invention has the advantages that the grafting part is easy to heal, the tree body has a long lifespan, and the stress resistance is strong.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of horticultural cultivation, and relates to a method for grafting apricot plums. Background Art

[0002] Apricot plum (Prunus domestica×armeniaca) is a stone fruit tree of the genus Prunus in the family Rosaceae. This tree species was successfully cultivated in the 1990s after multiple interspecific hybridizations between apricots and plums and nearly 70 years of cultivation.

[0003] For apricot plums, wild peach, wild apricot, etc. are mostly used as rootstocks for grafting. Through years of observation, it has been found that when grafting apricot plums with wild apricot, the phenomenon of "big foot and small foot" is likely to occur, and the grafting part is easily broken by the wind; although the affinity of wild peach is good, the tree body has a short lifespan. Therefore, it is necessary to find a rootstock for apricot plums with easy healing at the grafting part, a long lifespan of the tree body, and strong stress resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the current grafting of apricot plums, the present invention provides a method for cultivating seedlings by grafting apricot plums with wild cherry plums, with easy healing at the grafting part, a long lifespan of the tree body, and strong stress resistance.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] A method for grafting apricot plums with wild cherry plums, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Collect wild cherry plum seeds in autumn and bury them in sand at (-2~2)°C for overwintering storage;

[0008] (2) Sow in the following spring. When the rootstock seedlings grow 7 - 8 true leaves, keep 6000 - 8000 plants per mu;

[0009] (3) When the rootstock seedlings grow to a height of 50 cm - 60 cm, remove the growth center and control water in a timely manner to promote lignification;

[0010] (4) Collect 1-year-old developed branches with a diameter of 0.5 cm - 0.6 cm as scion cuttings in a timely manner, then cut them into scions with 2 - 3 buds. After sealing the cut, store them in sand at (-2~2)°C;

[0011] (5) Conduct branch grafting on two-year-old rootstocks in spring. The rootstock incision is about 6 cm - 8 cm. Insert the scion into the rootstock incision, align and press tightly the cambium of the scion incision and the cambium of the rootstock incision, and wind the grafting part with a film;

[0012] (6) Check the survival situation after grafting and remove the film in a timely manner.

[0013] In steps (1) and (4), the humidity of the sand is 40 - 50%, and it is considered qualified when it can be kneaded into a ball by hand, without falling apart and without dripping water.

[0014] In step (2), the seeding rate is 20 kg / mu. The specific seeding method can be ridge seeding or flat-bed direct seeding. Preferably, the seeding method is flat-bed direct seeding. Generally, it takes about 1 month from sowing the spring seeds into the ground to the emergence of seedlings. Therefore, the flat-bed direct seeding method is convenient for later management, grafting and other working measures.

[0015] In step (4), the scions are generally collected after the leaves fall until before the spring germination; in areas where water loss and frost damage are likely to occur in spring, they are collected after the leaves fall. To improve the survival rate, the scions need to be selected from branches that are robust in growth, have plump buds, are free from diseases and pests, and have a high degree of lignification.

[0016] In step (4), if the storage temperature is too high, such as higher than 6°C, the bud bracts of the scion will break dormancy and germinate; if the temperature is too low, such as lower than -4°C, the buds of the scion will be frost-damaged.

[0017] In step (5), the film is wound 2 cm above and below the interface between the rootstock and the scion, so that the grafting part is sealed and not easily penetrated by dew or rain.

[0018] In step (6), the survival inspection is generally about 20 days. If the buds on the scion germinate and grow, and the bud bodies are fresh and plump, it means survival; if the bud bodies of the scion are withered or black and rotten, it means non-survival.

[0019] In step (6), the film is removed about one month after the survival inspection. Unbinding too early will cause the interface to lose water and dry out easily, and too late will cause constriction marks, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of the bud bodies and seedlings.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] Wild cherry plum is a plant of the genus Prunus in the Rosaceae family and is a primitive wild species in China. Cherry plum is a deciduous small tree or shrub species, not strict with soil requirements, tolerant of barrenness and drought, relatively cold-resistant and shade-tolerant, not strict with light requirements, and has good growth performance. The present invention effectively improves the survival rate of grafting, making the grafting of wild cherry plum to American plum-apricot reach over 98%; it also solves the disadvantage of poor affinity in grafting American plum-apricot with Prunus davidiana and Prunus armeniaca. In addition, the combination of the two has strong affinity and strong stress resistance, being cold-resistant, drought-resistant, salt-tolerant and tolerant of barren soil; it has a long economic life and a long full-fruit period. Since the tree life is extended, it ensures continuous high and stable yields and increases economic benefits. Specific embodiments

[0022] The following further describes the present invention in conjunction with embodiments, but the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

[0023] Example 1 Grafting plum-apricot with wild cherry plum

[0024] (1) In September of the first year, collect the seeds of wild Prunus divaricata Ledeb. that will be used as rootstocks and conduct sand storage treatment. Add water to the sterilized dry sand until it reaches about 40%, so that it can be kneaded into a ball by hand, without loosening or dripping water.

[0025] (2) Sow the sand-stored seeds at 20 kg per mu at the end of March in the second year, with a plant spacing of 10 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm.

[0026] (3) Thin out the seedlings when they have grown 3 - 5 true leaves in mid to late April of the second year, and finalize the seedlings when they have 7 - 8 true leaves, removing poor seedlings such as those with weak growth, short stature, and diseased plants; leave one strong seedling per 10 cm of plant spacing; keep the seedling quantity per mu at 6,000 - 8,000 plants per mu.

[0027] (4) To ensure the grafting thickness requirement of the rootstock seedlings, when the seedlings grow to 50 - 60 cm, pinch the top to ensure that the grafting ground diameter reaches 0.5 cm; when the seedlings enter the fast-growing period, meet the water demand in a timely manner, irrigate once every 10 - 15 days, and irrigate once every 20 - 30 days during the hardening period of the seedlings. In the later stage, control the water, start water control in mid-August according to different soil types to promote the lignification of the seedlings; irrigate winter water in early November.

[0028] (5) Collect branches for scion cutting from after leaf fall to February of the following spring; select 1-year-old developed branches that are strong in growth, plump in bud bodies, free from pests and diseases, with a high degree of lignification, and a diameter of 0.5 - 0.6 cm; cut the collected scion strips into scions with 2 - 3 buds, seal the cut ends at both ends with wax, tie them into bundles according to varieties and hang labels, and store them in wet sand at -2℃ - 2℃. Add water to the sterilized dry sand until it reaches about 40%, so that it can be kneaded into a ball by hand, without loosening or dripping water.

[0029] (6) Conduct grafting by branch grafting from the end of March to around April 10 in the third year: make the rootstock incision about 6 - 8 cm, insert the scion into the incision of the rootstock, and align and press tightly the cambium of the scion incision and the cambium of the rootstock incision; at 2 cm above and below the interface of the rootstock and the scion, wrap it with grafting film and tie it tightly at the mouth, so that the grafting part is sealed and not easy to let in dew or rain.

[0030] (7) Check the survival rate 20 days after branch grafting. If the buds on the scion germinate and grow, and the bud bodies are fresh and plump, it means survival; if not, the bud bodies of the scion will wither or turn black and rot.

[0031] (8) Untie the binding one month after survival. Untying too early is likely to cause water loss and air drying at the interface, and untie too late will cause constriction marks and be unfavorable to the healthy growth of bud bodies and seedlings.

[0032] (9) When the new shoots of the grafted seedlings grow to 10-15 cm, top dressing starts, and flood irrigation is used for top dressing 1-2 times. For the first time, 30 kg per mu (20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of urea), and the second time is before mid-to-late June to early July. Water in time after each top dressing, cultivate and weed, and loosen the soil to conserve moisture; use drip irrigation and integrated fertilization for top dressing, and top dress 3-5 kg per mu (half of monoammonium phosphate and urea each) in combination with each drip irrigation. Spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea aqueous solution on the leaves in combination with spraying pesticides. Control fertilization in mid-to-late July (stop top dressing, especially nitrogen fertilizer), and start controlling water in mid-to-late August.

[0033] The difference between the method of grafting Prunus armeniaca var. ansu with Prunus salicina using wild cherry plum and the method of grafting Prunus armeniaca var. ansu with Prunus salicina using Prunus armeniaca is that for the grafting method of the Prunus armeniaca + Prunus salicina combination, the phenomenon of uneven thickness at the grafting part is likely to occur, and the grafting part is easily broken by the wind; for the grafting method of the Prunus davidiana + Prunus salicina combination, the tree body is prone to bleeding gum, is easily infected with root knot disease, has shallow roots (which is not conducive to the growth and development of fruit trees), and has a short tree life; while for the grafting using the wild cherry plum + Prunus salicina combination, there will be no phenomenon of uneven thickness at the grafting part, and the tree body has strong resistance, developed roots, does not leave gum, and has a long life, etc.

Claims

1. A method for grafting Prunus simonii with wild cherry plum, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Collect wild Prunus divaricata seeds in autumn and store them in sand at -2°C to 2°C for the winter; (2) Sow in the following spring. When the rootstock seedlings have 7 - 8 true leaves, keep 6,000 - 8,000 seedlings per mu; (3) When the rootstock seedlings grow to a height of 50 cm - 60 cm, remove the growth center and control water in a timely manner to promote lignification; (4) Collect 1-year-old developed branches with a diameter of 0.5 cm - 0.6 cm as scion wood in a timely manner, then cut them into scions with 2 - 3 buds. After sealing the cut, store them in sand at -2°C to 2°C; (5) Graft the two-year-old rootstock in spring. The incision of the rootstock is 6 cm - 8 cm. Insert the scion into the incision of the rootstock, align and press tightly the cambium of the scion incision and the cambium of the rootstock incision, and wind the grafting part with a film; (6) Check the survival situation after grafting and remove the film in a timely manner.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In steps (1) and (4), the humidity of the sand is 40 - 50%.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (2), the seeding rate is 20 kg per mu.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (2), the seeding method is ridge seeding or flat-bed direct seeding.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (4), the collection time of the scion wood is after defoliation and before spring sprouting.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (4), the storage temperature is -4°C to 6°C.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (5), the film winding position is 2 cm above and below the interface between the rootstock and the scion.