A device for precision seed and fertilizer drilling, water supplementing and compacting for corn

Abstract

The application discloses a precision seed and fertilizer same-sowing water supplementing and compacting device suitable for corn, and belongs to the technical field of seeding and fertilizing equipment. The device comprises a rack and a seeding machine, a plurality of operation units are slidably arranged below the rack; the operation unit comprises a support frame, an excavating shovel, a water supplementing assembly, a first soil covering plate, a fertilizing assembly and a compacting assembly are sequentially arranged on the support frame from front to back; the compacting assembly comprises a compacting support arranged on the support frame, and a compacting counterweight wheel is arranged below the compacting support; a compacting cross brace is arranged on the compacting support, an adjusting screw is arranged on the compacting cross brace, and the lower end of the adjusting screw is connected with the compacting counterweight wheel through a guide pin. The device can supplement water according to the soil moisture content, meet the corn seeding conditions, and realize the synchronous live sowing of corn seeds and granular fertilizers through the precise seeding and fertilizing assembly. The compacting counterweight wheel is used for compacting the soil after corn seeding, so that the soil moisture is preserved and improved, the seed germination is promoted, and the corn emergence rate is improved, and the purpose of one-time full seeding and full and vigorous seedling is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sowing and fertilization technology, specifically a device for simultaneous sowing, watering and compaction of precision seeds and fertilizers for corn. Background Technology

[0002] Precision sowing of corn is a technique that uses precision seeding machinery to accurately sow seeds according to agronomical requirements, specifying the seeding rate, plant spacing, row spacing, and depth. It features high sowing quality, uniform emergence, savings in seeds and fertilizers, and facilitates mechanized management and harvesting. Precision sowing of corn requires seeds with a germination rate of 93%, varietal purity of 97%, and cleanliness of 99% or higher to ensure uniform emergence. Compared to traditional sowing methods, single-seed sowing saves on the labor costs of thinning and avoids competition for nutrients, water, and light among corn plants during growth, resulting in uniform and robust seedlings, generally increasing yield by 10%-15%.

[0003] Soil moisture refers to the state of soil moisture, an indicator reflecting soil water content, and has a significant impact on crop growth. Good or bad soil moisture directly affects field climate, soil aeration, and nutrient decomposition. Monitoring soil moisture helps farmers understand the water requirements of crops, enabling scientific irrigation and water conservation in farmland. Post-sowing compaction helps conserve and improve soil moisture and promote germination, especially in arid areas where compaction is a crucial measure for seedling survival. The timing and intensity of compaction vary depending on soil texture and moisture content. Soils with poor moisture should be compacted immediately after sowing; light soils with suitable moisture can be compacted within half a day to a day after sowing; heavy clay soils with high water content should be compacted after the soil surface has dried slightly.

[0004] Summer corn planting often encounters drought and low rainfall, resulting in insufficient soil moisture and failure to meet emergence standards. Without supplemental irrigation, it is difficult to achieve timely early sowing and the requirements for full and robust seedling emergence. After sowing, timely compaction is essential to retain moisture and improve emergence rate and quality. Although traditional corn planters are equipped with compaction devices, the excessively large force-bearing area of ​​the compaction wheel and the inability to adjust the compaction intensity result in less than ideal compaction effects, leading to lower emergence rates and seedling quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issue that varying soil moisture levels affect seedling emergence rates due to differing compaction intensity requirements, this invention provides a compaction device suitable for simultaneous precision seed and fertilizer sowing with irrigation.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A precision seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing, watering, and compaction device for corn includes a frame and a seeder mounted on the frame. Multiple working units are slidably arranged below the frame along a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel. Each working unit includes a support frame slidably mounted on the frame. From front to back, the support frame is provided with an excavation shovel, a watering component, a soil covering plate, a fertilizer application component, and a compaction component.

[0008] The pressing assembly includes a pressing bracket mounted on a support frame, with a pressing counterweight wheel rotatably mounted below the pressing bracket; a pressing cross brace is mounted on the pressing bracket, and an adjusting screw threaded through the pressing cross brace is threaded onto the pressing cross brace, with the lower end of the adjusting screw connected to the pressing counterweight wheel via a guide pin.

[0009] Multiple working units slidably mounted on the frame can be adjusted according to the row spacing; the device can improve soil moisture and complete soil compaction by using a compaction counterweight wheel that can be adjusted in height relative to the compaction support, thereby conserving moisture, increasing moisture and promoting germination; the fertilization component can apply fertilizer to the seeds in a timely manner to improve the seedling emergence rate.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that the above-mentioned seeder includes a seed box, and a seeding pipe communicating with the seed box is connected between the seed box and the excavating shovel; the two ends of the frame are rotatably equipped with traveling wheels; a traction member is centrally located at the front end of the frame, and the traction member is connected to a power device that drives the frame to move. Under the action of the power device, the frame is pulled by the traction member, and the traveling wheels reduce the resistance of the frame in the cultivated land.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention includes that the above-mentioned water supply component includes a water tank mounted on the frame behind the seeding box, with a water pump at the outlet of the water tank; a water supply rigid pipe extending into the excavation shovel is mounted on the support frame, and the inlet end of the water supply rigid pipe is connected to the water pump via a flexible hose; a soil moisture sensor located inside the excavation shovel is also mounted in front of the water supply rigid pipe, and the soil moisture sensor is electrically connected to the water pump via a control unit. The control unit uses an LM393 single-chip microcontroller integrated controller, including a moisture detection circuit connected to the soil moisture sensor, and a water source control circuit electrically connected to the moisture detection circuit. The water source control circuit controls the start and stop of the water pump, and the moisture detection circuit is used to detect the soil moisture condition, controlling the start and stop of the water pump supply through the water source control circuit.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that the rear part of the excavating shovel is provided with a cavity structure communicating with the lower part, and the soil moisture sensor is disposed within the cavity structure. The excavating shovel with the cavity structure can reduce its weight and provide space for the soil moisture sensor.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the above-mentioned fertilization component includes a fertilizer box disposed on a frame behind the seeding box; the bottom of the fertilizer box is connected to a feeding rigid pipe disposed on a support frame, and the lower end of the feeding rigid pipe is connected to an annular feeding transition chamber. The annular feeding transition chamber enables annular fertilization around the seeds after sowing, which helps to ensure the absorption of nutrients by the corn seedlings.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention includes: the bottom surface of the aforementioned feed transfer chamber is evenly distributed with fertilizer through holes 1 connecting the inside and outside; a gear 2 is rotatably mounted on the feed transfer chamber, and the gear 2 is evenly distributed with fertilizer through holes 2 that mesh with the fertilizer through holes 1; a fertilizer applicator motor is mounted on the feed pipe, and the output end of the fertilizer applicator motor is equipped with a gear 1 that meshes with gear 2. The fertilizer applicator motor drives gear 2 to rotate on the feed transfer chamber through gear 1, thereby achieving the overlap of fertilizer through holes 1 and fertilizer through holes 2, so as to achieve the circular falling of fertilizer.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that the aforementioned feed transfer chamber is inclined overall. The inclined feed transfer chamber helps to improve the uniformity of fertilizer distribution.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that the lower end of the adjusting screw is connected to a pin-shaped pressure plate, and both ends of the pin-shaped pressure plate are respectively connected to the guide pins. A compression spring is sleeved on the guide pin; the upper end of the compression spring abuts against the pin-shaped pressure plate, and the lower end abuts against the pressing bracket. By rotating the pressure plate to compress the guide pins, the relative height between the pressing counterweight wheel and the pressing bracket can be adjusted; the compression spring helps to ensure the stability of the adjusted position of the pressing counterweight wheel.

[0017] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Multiple working units slidably set on the frame can be adjusted according to the row spacing; 2. The device can simultaneously realize precision sowing, fertilization and appropriate watering functions, which can significantly improve the quality of corn sowing and the emergence rate; 3. The device can improve soil moisture and change the force of the compaction counterweight wheel on the soil compaction according to the soil moisture by adjusting the height relative to the compaction support, thereby achieving moisture retention, moisture enhancement and promoting corn germination, and improving the corn emergence rate. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working unit structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an excavation shovel according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilization component according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a two-part exploded view of the material guide transition chamber and gear in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing component according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the attached diagram: 10. Seeder; 11. Seeding box; 12. Excavating shovel; 121. Soil moisture sensor; 13. Walking wheel; 14. Seeding tube; 15. Covering plate one; 16. Covering plate two; 20. Traction component; 30. Water supply component; 31. Water tank; 32. Water supply pipe; 40. Fertilizer application component; 41. Fertilizer box; 42. Discharge pipe; 43. Material guide transition bin; 431. Fertilizer through hole one; 44. Gear two; 441. Fertilizer through hole two; 45. Fertilizer application motor; 46. Gear one; 50. Compactor component; 51. Compactor bracket; 511. Compactor cross brace; 52. Compactor counterweight wheel; 53. Guide pin; 54. Compression spring; 55. Adjusting screw; 551. Control panel; 552. Pin shaft lower pressure plate; 60. Support plate; 70. Support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this patent, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0027] As attached Figure 1As shown, a precision seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing, irrigation, and compaction device for corn includes a frame and a seeder 10 mounted on the frame. The seeder 10 includes a seed box 11, and a seeding pipe 14 communicating with the seed box 11 is connected between the seed box 11 and the excavating shovel 12. Wheels 13 are rotatably mounted at both ends of the frame. A traction member 20 is centrally located at the front end of the frame, and the traction member 20 is connected to a power device that drives the frame. Under the action of the power device, the frame is pulled by the traction member 20, and the frame's travel resistance in the tilled land is reduced by the wheels 13. The seeder 10 is a conventional sowing device in the prior art, capable of adjusting according to the row spacing of the tilled land, and adaptively adjusting the height of the excavating shovel 12.

[0028] As attached Figure 2 As shown, multiple working units are slidably arranged below the frame along a direction perpendicular to the travel direction; each working unit includes a support frame 70 slidably mounted on the frame, and the support frame 70 is adjusted in conjunction with the row spacing of the seeder 70 to achieve coordinated adjustment of the position of the rear components. From front to back, the support frame 70 is provided with an excavating shovel 12, a watering component 30, a first covering plate 15, a fertilizing component 40, a second covering plate 16, and a compaction component 50.

[0029] Both the first soil covering plate 15 and the second soil covering plate 16 are height-adjustable structures to accommodate the height adjustment of the excavation shovel 12.

[0030] The bottom surface of the second soil covering plate 16 is 5cm lower than the bottom surface of the first soil covering plate 15; this allows the seeds to be covered with soil by the first soil covering plate 15 after sowing, and then fertilized by the fertilization component 40, which can prevent seedling burn; the second soil covering plate 16 then covers the fertilized area to prevent fertilizer loss.

[0031] The seeder 10 is also equipped with a support plate 60 on the frame at the rear.

[0032] As attached Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the water supply component 30 includes a water tank 31 mounted on the frame behind the seed box 11, and the water tank 31 is installed on the support plate 60. A water pump is provided at the outlet of the water tank 31. A water supply rigid pipe 32 extending into the excavating shovel 12 is provided on the support frame 70, and the inlet end of the water supply rigid pipe 32 is connected to the water pump through a flexible hose. A soil moisture sensor 121 located inside the excavating shovel 12 is also provided in front of the water supply rigid pipe 32. The soil moisture sensor 121 is electrically connected to the water pump through a control unit. The control unit adopts an LM393 single-chip microcomputer integrated controller, including a moisture detection circuit connected to the soil moisture sensor 121, and a water source control circuit electrically connected to the moisture detection circuit. The water source control circuit controls the start and stop of the water pump, and the moisture detection circuit is used to detect the soil moisture.

[0033] As attached Figure 3 As shown, the rear of the excavating shovel 12 has a cavity structure communicating with the lower part, and the soil moisture sensor 121 is disposed in the cavity structure. The excavating shovel 12 with the cavity structure can reduce its own weight and provide space for the soil moisture sensor 121.

[0034] As attached Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the fertilization assembly 40 includes a fertilizer box 41 mounted on a frame behind the seed box 11; the fertilizer box 41 is mounted on a support plate 60; the bottom of the fertilizer box 41 is connected to a discharge pipe 42 mounted on a support frame 70, and the lower end of the discharge pipe 42 is connected to an annular guide transition chamber 43. The guide transition chamber 43 and the discharge pipe 42 are inclined as a whole, with the guide transition chamber 43 inclined downwards towards the side away from the discharge pipe 42. The inclined guide transition chamber 43 helps to improve the uniformity of fertilizer drop. The annular structure of the guide transition chamber 43 enables annular fertilization around the seeds after sowing, which helps to ensure the absorption of nutrients by the seedlings.

[0035] As attached Figure 5 As shown, the bottom surface of the feed transfer chamber 43 is evenly distributed with fertilizer through holes 431 connecting the inside and outside; a gear 44 is rotatably mounted on the feed transfer chamber 43, and a second fertilizer through hole 441 is evenly distributed on the gear 44 to cooperate with the fertilizer through holes 431; a fertilizer applicator motor 45 is mounted on the feed pipe 42, and a gear 46 is mounted on the output end of the fertilizer applicator motor 45 to mesh with the gear 44. The fertilizer applicator motor 45 drives the gear 44 to rotate on the feed transfer chamber 43 through the gear 46, so as to realize the overlap of the fertilizer through holes 431 and the fertilizer through holes 441, so as to realize the fertilizer falling in a ring.

[0036] As attached Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figure 6, the pressing assembly 50 includes a pressing bracket 51 mounted on a support frame 70, with a pressing counterweight wheel 52 rotatably mounted below the pressing bracket 51. A pressing cross brace 511 is mounted on the pressing bracket 51, and an adjusting screw 55 is threaded through the pressing cross brace 511. An operating disc 551 for controlling the rotation of the adjusting screw 55 is mounted on the adjusting screw 55. The lower end of the adjusting screw 55 is connected to the pressing counterweight wheel 52 via a guide pin 53. A pin-shaft lower pressure plate 552 is connected to the lower end of the adjusting screw 55, and guide pins 53 are connected to both ends of the pin-shaft lower pressure plate 552. A compression spring 54 is sleeved on the guide pin 53. The upper end of the compression spring 54 abuts against the pin-shaft lower pressure plate 552, and the lower end abuts against the pressing bracket 51. By rotating the lower pressure plate to press the guide pin 53, the relative height between the press counterweight wheel 52 and the press support 51 can be adjusted; the compression spring 54 helps to ensure the stability of the position of the press counterweight wheel 52 after adjustment.

[0037] In summary, the method of using this device is as follows: The digging shovel 12 on the seeder 10 is adjusted according to the row spacing, simultaneously coordinating the synchronous movement of multiple support frames 70 on the frame. Driven by the power unit, the frame moves forward to till the soil. As digging progresses, the soil moisture sensor 121 located below the digging shovel 12 detects the soil moisture after furrowing, enabling timely soil replenishment control. After sowing is completed, the covering plate 15 backfills the soil towards the furrow, at which point the soil is in a loose state. Fertilizer... The fertilizer in box 41 enters the annular feed transition chamber 43 through the feed pipe 42 for temporary storage. Driven by the fertilizer application motor 45, gear 1 46 and gear 2 44 mesh and rotate, so that the fertilizer through hole 2 441 on gear 2 44 coincides with the fertilizer through hole 1 431 on the bottom surface of feed transition chamber 43. At this time, the fertilizer falls to the outer perimeter of the sowing position. Then, the soil covering plate 2 16 covers the soil to the fertilization position with another layer of soil to prevent fertilizer loss. The compaction counterweight wheel 52, after adjusting its height according to the soil moisture, compacts the loose soil after fertilization.

[0038] The present invention discloses a precision seeding and fertilization simultaneous watering and compaction device for corn. 1. Multiple working units slidably mounted on the frame can be adjusted according to the row spacing; 2. The device can simultaneously realize precision seeding, fertilization, and appropriate watering, which can significantly improve corn seeding quality and emergence rate; 3. The device can improve soil moisture and, by adjusting the height relative to the compaction support, change the force exerted on the soil by the compaction counterweight wheel according to soil moisture, thereby conserving moisture, increasing moisture, promoting corn germination, and improving corn emergence rate.

[0039] This device can replenish water in appropriate amounts according to soil moisture conditions to meet the conditions for corn sowing. The precision sowing and fertilization components can achieve simultaneous direct sowing of corn seeds and granular fertilizer. By compacting the soil after corn sowing with a counterweight roller, it can achieve the goals of conserving moisture, increasing moisture, promoting seed germination and improving corn emergence rate, so that all seedlings can emerge and grow vigorously.

[0040] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0041] The terms "upper," "lower," "outer," "inner," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish relative positional relationships and are not necessarily qualitative. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0042] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A precision seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing, irrigation, and compaction device for maize, comprising a frame and a seeder (10) mounted on the frame, characterized in that, Multiple working units are slidably arranged below the frame along the direction perpendicular to the travel direction; each working unit includes a support frame (70) slidably arranged on the frame, and the support frame (70) is provided with an excavation shovel (12), a water replenishment component (30), a soil covering plate (15), a fertilizer application component (40) and a compaction component (50) in sequence from front to back. The pressing assembly (50) includes a pressing bracket (51) mounted on a support frame (70), and a pressing counterweight wheel (52) is rotatably mounted below the pressing bracket (51); a pressing cross brace (511) is mounted on the pressing bracket (51), and an adjusting screw (55) is threaded through the pressing cross brace (511) and the lower end of the adjusting screw (55) is connected to the pressing counterweight wheel (52) via a guide pin (53); The water replenishment component (30) includes a water tank (31) set on the frame behind the seed box (11), and a water pump is provided at the outlet of the water tank (31); a water replenishment hard pipe (32) extending into the excavation shovel (12) is provided on the support frame (70), and the water inlet end of the water replenishment hard pipe (32) is connected to the water pump through a hose; a soil moisture sensor (121) located in the excavation shovel (12) is also provided in front of the water replenishment hard pipe (32), and the soil moisture sensor (121) is electrically connected to the water pump through a control unit; The rear of the excavation shovel (12) is provided with a cavity structure communicating with the bottom, and the soil moisture sensor (121) is disposed in the cavity structure; The fertilization assembly (40) includes a fertilizer box (41) set on the frame behind the seed box (11); the bottom of the fertilizer box (41) is connected to a feeding hard pipe (42) set on the support frame (70), and the lower end of the feeding hard pipe (42) is connected to an annular feeding transition chamber (43). The bottom surface of the feed transfer chamber (43) is evenly distributed with fertilizer through holes 1 (431) connecting the inside and outside; the feed transfer chamber (43) is rotatably equipped with gear 2 (44), and the gear 2 (44) is evenly distributed with fertilizer through holes 2 (441) that cooperate with fertilizer through holes 1 (431); the feed hard pipe (42) is equipped with a fertilizer application motor (45), and the output end of the fertilizer application motor (45) is equipped with gear 1 (46) that meshes with gear 2 (44); The lower end of the adjusting screw (55) is connected to a pin-shaft pressure plate (552), and the two ends of the pin-shaft pressure plate (552) are respectively connected to the guide pins (53). A compression spring (54) is sleeved on the guide pin (53); the upper end of the compression spring (54) abuts against the pin-shaft pressure plate (552), and the lower end abuts against the pressing bracket (51).

2. The device for simultaneous sowing, irrigation, and compaction of precision seeds and fertilizers for corn as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The seeder (10) includes a seed box (11), and a seeding pipe (14) connected to the seed box (11) and the excavation shovel (12) is connected to the seed box (11); the two ends of the frame are provided with rotatable wheels (13); the front end of the frame is provided with a traction member (20), and the traction member (20) is connected to the power device that drives the frame to move.

3. The device for simultaneous seed and fertilizer application, irrigation, and compaction of corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material transfer chamber (43) is set at an angle.

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