Wildflower combination for inhibiting farmland pest isopods and planting and management method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a wild flower combination for inhibiting farmland pest earwigs and a planting and management method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ecological control of agricultural pests. The wild flower combination for inhibiting farmland pest earwigs comprises the following flower species: red clover, zanthaxanthin, coriander, licorice, forget-me-not, purple flowered ground ivy, yarrow, mint, alfalfa and flos malvae. The application creates a rich flower environment through a wild flower buffer zone, creates a specific high-density vegetation area through the fragrance and potential allelopathy of the flowers, influences the avoidance effect of the earwig population, limits the activity range of the earwigs, fundamentally changes the ecological environment of the area, and effectively regulates the earwig population density.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ecological control of agricultural pests, in particular, relates to a wild flower combination for inhibiting agricultural pest millipedes and a planting and management method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the development of agricultural intensification, the proportion of single crop planting area is continuously expanding, leading to the single agricultural landscape, the reduction of the diversity and structural complexity of the agricultural ecosystem, and habitat fragmentation, which has been proven to be one of the main reasons for the decline of biodiversity and related ecosystem services. In recent years, the richness and diversity of pollinators and natural enemies in farmland, as representatives of beneficial organisms, have gradually decreased, and the phenomenon of agricultural pests has intensified.

[0003] Millipedes have caused great harm in agricultural production practice in recent years. As early as the 1980s, there have been studies on using different pesticide reagents to kill millipedes. In recent years, there have been studies on using spectral insecticides, and according to the habits of millipedes, piling up rotten grass to attract and then killing, and destroying the living space by plowing the soil. Non-pesticide methods have also been used in some areas. However, in general, more areas use pesticides to kill millipedes as a kind of non-specific pest.

[0004] However, pesticide spraying can solve the problem of millipede aggregation in some areas in the short term, but it cannot solve the problem of long-term overpopulation of millipedes. The use of pesticides can cause serious surface pollution due to the infiltration of pesticides. The use of pesticides has a strong side effect on the agricultural ecosystem, and pesticides cannot be used in some areas where millipedes are densely populated. Pesticides usually have high toxicity and residual properties, and are not easy to be passivated in the soil, especially in pollution-free and organic agricultural production.

[0005] Based on the above status, according to the principles of landscape ecology, hotspots with high ecosystem service functions are created to promote the biodiversity of agricultural landscapes and inhibit the activity density of farmland pests millipedes. The activity density of millipedes is regulated to a reasonable range to promote the improvement of ecosystem service functions. The present application is proposed. SUMMARY

[0006] The first object of the present application is to provide a wild flower combination capable of inhibiting and regulating the activity density of farmland pest millipedes.

[0007] The second object of the present application is to provide a planting and management method of the wild flower combination and a spatial layout of the wild flower buffer zone.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present application provides a wild flower combination for inhibiting farmland pests of millipede, comprising the following flower seeds in percentage by mass: 6-10% of red clover, 8-12% of purple coneflower, 6-10% of coriander, 10-14% of licorice, 10-14% of forget-me-not, 8-12% of purple deadnettle, 8-12% of yarrow, 8-12% of mint, 10-14% of alfalfa, and 4-8% of flower kui.

[0010] Preferably, the wild flower combination comprises the following flower seeds in percentage by mass: 7-9% of red clover, 9-11% of purple coneflower, 7-9% of coriander, 11-13% of licorice, 11-13% of forget-me-not, 9-11% of purple deadnettle, 9-11% of yarrow, 9-11% of mint, 11-13% of alfalfa, and 5-7% of flower kui.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present application provides a planting and management method of the wild flower combination for inhibiting farmland pests of millipede, comprising the following steps:

[0012] 1) Seed collection, storage, screening and wet processing of wild flowers;

[0013] 2) Early treatment of wild flower buffer zone: adjusting soil pH value and organic matter content, followed by ploughing and irrigation;

[0014] 3) Wild flower mixed planting and sowing: mixing the wild flower seeds after wet processing in step 1) according to the wild flower seed ratio in claim 1 or 2, or mixing the wild flower seeds after mixing with nutrient soil, then ploughing, ridge making and sowing on the wild flower buffer zone;

[0015] 4) Germination period management: ensuring soil moisture, applying organic fertilizer after a period of time, and covering film treatment under cold climate conditions;

[0016] 5) Flowering period management: ensuring soil moisture, applying organic fertilizer and thinning seedlings;

[0017] 6) Later management: using self-seeding seed retention, mowing and plant retention management methods.

[0018] Preferably, the wild flower buffer zone in step 2) is arranged at the periphery of the farmland planting area, the width of the farmland planting area is 50-60 m, the width of the wild flower buffer zone is 0.5-2 m, and the farmland planting area and the wild flower buffer zone are staggered.

[0019] Preferably, the soil pH value in step 2) is 6.0-7.5, and the organic matter content is >2%.

[0020] Preferably, the mass ratio of wild flower seeds to nutrient soil in step 3) is 1:3, and the nutrient soil formula comprises, by mass percentage, 40-50% peat humus, 20-30% perlite or vermiculite, 5-10% eggshells or bone meal, 5-10% vermiculite mineral fertilizer, and 10-15% perlite or light garden soil.

[0021] Preferably, the plowing depth in step 3) is 15-20 cm, the ridge spacing is 20-30 cm, the depth is 2-3 cm, and the seeding amount is 4-6 g / m 2 .

[0022] Preferably, the soil moisture in step 4) is 15-20%, and the organic fertilizer is applied after 7-14 days, with a usage of 12-18 g / m 2 , and the organic fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a ratio of 3:1.5:2.5.

[0023] Preferably, the soil moisture in step 5) is 20-25%, and the usage of organic fertilizer is 22-28 g / m 2 , and the organic fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a ratio of 4:2:3.

[0024] Preferably, the self-seeding method in step 6) is to retain 5-8 healthy plants per square meter in the 3rd-5th week after the end of the flowering period, retain the flower spikes on the plants, and regularly collect mature wild flower seeds; the mowing method is to mow 5-8% of the area per square meter in the 5th-7th week after the end of the flowering period; and the plant retention method is to retain 3-5 perennial plants per square meter in the 7th-9th week after the end of the flowering period.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0026] (1) The present application creates a rich flower environment through a wild flower buffer zone, creates a specific high-density vegetation area through the fragrance and potential allelopathy of flowers, affects the avoidance effect of the sowbug population, limits its activity range, fundamentally changes the ecological environment of the area, effectively regulates the sowbug population density, and at the same time, significantly increases the number of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps and hunting bees, and improves the broad-spectrum pest catching ability.

[0027] (2) The wild flower buffer zone constructed in the present application can reduce the sowbug activity density from the original level of 262.625 to 84.125, which is a significant decrease of 24.29% from the original level.

[0028] (3) The construction of the wild flower buffer zone of the present application has relatively low cost, as it relies on the natural growth of natural plant communities, without the need for large-scale introduction of exotic species or frequent management intervention. Compared with traditional ecological restoration methods, the investment cost of the wild flower buffer zone in the initial stage of construction and maintenance is only one tenth of that of the traditional ecological restoration methods. After large-scale promotion, the cost per square meter is not more than 5 yuan. In addition, once the wild flower buffer zone establishes a stable vegetation, the subsequent maintenance cost is relatively low, mainly involving regular inspection and monitoring.

[0029] (4) The wild flower buffer zone of the present application is mainly applied to the corner space of ridge, farmland edge, etc., and does not occupy or occupies very little arable land. When planted in orchards, vegetable gardens and other garden plots, it is planted between ridges, does not affect the normal growth of crops, and does not have a negative impact on crop yield. Compared with conventional street trees, windbreak forests and other technologies, as well as intercropping and crop rotation technologies in farmland, it has certain advantages.

[0030] The wild flower zone of the present application effectively controls the farmland pest harvester ants through comprehensive ecological strategies, which include the following aspects: first, the plants in the wild flower zone, such as licorice and alfalfa, have deep root structures, which not only help to improve the physical properties of the soil and enhance the water permeability and drainage capacity of the soil, thereby effectively avoiding excessive soil moisture and creating an environment unsuitable for the survival and reproduction of harvester ants. In addition, plants such as mint and purple violet can release specific volatile compounds, which have a natural insect-repelling effect and can interfere with the olfactory system of harvester ants, reducing their location and damage to crops. Coriander and purple violet directly affect the soil environment and microbial activity through root exudates. These allelochemicals not only inhibit the growth of harvester ants, but also change their living environment and reduce their survival rate. Finally, the wild flower zone increases the biodiversity of farmland by providing a variety of plant species, which not only attracts natural enemies of harvester ants, such as certain birds and insects, but also indirectly reduces the number of harvester ants through ecological competition and predation pressure. This diversified ecological control strategy significantly improves the ecological health of the farmland and the production safety of crops, reducing the dependence on chemical pesticides and providing a more healthy and sustainable pest management solution for agricultural production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the distance between farmland and wild flower buffer zone.

[0032] Figure 2 It is the arrangement of farmland and wild flower buffer zone.

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic of a sampling device.

[0034] Figure 4 It is the experimental result of harvester ant monitoring, in which CK represents the natural grass belt control group and WFS represents the wild flower zone group. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Optimized wildflower mix: by weight percentage, including the following species: red clover 8.20%, red lip 10.20%, coriander 8.20%, licorice 12.24%, forget-me-not 12.24%, violet 10.20%, yarrow 10.20%, mint 10.20%, alfalfa 12.24%, and sunflower 6.12%; basic information on each wildflower is shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1. Basic Information on Various Wildflowers

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Methods for planting and managing wildflower combinations:

[0043] 1) After harvesting wildflower seeds, dry them in a well-ventilated environment at a temperature of 15℃~25℃ until the relative humidity of the wildflower seeds is 5%-10%. Seal the wildflower seeds, label them with the type of seeds and the harvest date, and finally store them in the dark at a temperature of -2℃~-4℃ or place them in a freezer at a temperature of -18℃~-20℃.

[0044] Wildflower seed screening: Select seeds with consistent color, shape, and size, ensuring that the diameter difference within each group is within 1 mm. Then, use water testing, germination rate testing, and purity testing to screen out qualified seeds. Wildflower seeds that pass the water test should be completely soaked within 15 minutes. Wildflower seeds that pass the germination rate test should have a germination rate of 75% or higher. The purity test is conducted through visual inspection or microscopic examination, and qualified wildflower seeds should have a purity of 95% or higher.

[0045] Wet treatment of wildflower seeds: Place wildflower seeds in a damp paper towel or flannel, with a humidity of 15%-20%, for 24-48 hours, and check every 6 hours; if the wildflower seeds have a hard shell, they can be mechanically crushed or acid-soaked first. The acid-soaking treatment can use a 1% bleach solution, soak for 15 minutes, and then rinse with water until there is no residue.

[0046] 2) Wildflower buffer zone before flattening: ensure that the soil pH is 6.0-7.5, the organic matter content is more than 2%, then first ploughing, then deep ploughing, the ploughing depth is 15-20 cm, finally smooth the surface of the soil, irrigate and keep the soil moist; if there are weeds or invasive plants in the wildflower buffer zone, you can use turf or mulch to cover the surface or use false sowing technology to remove weeds.

[0047] The spatial layout of the wildflower buffer zone is: set in the outer periphery of the farmland planting area, the width of the farmland planting area is 50-60 m, the width of the wildflower buffer zone is 0.5-2 m, and the farmland planting area and the wildflower buffer zone are staggered.

[0048] 3) Wildflower mixed planting and sowing: mix the wildflower seeds treated by wet grinding according to the wildflower seed ratio described in embodiment 1, or mix the mixed wildflower seeds with nutrient soil at a mass ratio of 1:3, wherein the nutrient soil formula includes 40%-50% peat humus, 20%-30% perlite or vermiculite, 5%-10% eggshells or bone meal, 5%-10% vermiculite mineral fertilizer, and 10%-15% perlite or light garden soil, in mass percentage, plough and loosen the soil in the wildflower buffer zone, the ploughing depth is 15-20 cm, then ridge, the ridge spacing is 20-30 cm, the depth is 2-3 cm, and finally sow 4.9 g / m 2 sowing amount using professional sowing equipment or manual sowing tools, and gently compact the soil after sowing. When the number of weeds is large, the sowing amount is 1.5-2 times the original amount, and the calculation formula is:

[0049]

[0050] 4) Germination period management: water every 2 days for 1 time within 7 days after wildflower seed planting, the moisture content is 15%-20%; reduce the watering frequency to once every 3 days during 7-14 days, and apply organic fertilizer, the usage is 15 g / m 2 , the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer is 3:1.5:2.5.

[0051] 5) Flowering period management: according to the rainfall in the wildflower planting area, ensure that the soil moisture content is 20%-25%, and continue to apply organic fertilizer until the flowering period, the usage is 25 g / m 2 , the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer is 4:2:3; thin seedlings during the 4th-5th week of wildflower seedling stage, and retain 15-20 healthy plants per square meter of sowing area, the distance between adjacent seedlings is 15-20 cm.

[0052] 6) Late management: using self-seeding, mowing and plant reservation management methods. The self-seeding method is to reserve 5-8 healthy plants per square meter at the 4th week after the end of flowering, and reserve the flower spikes on the plants, and collect mature wild flower seeds regularly after the seeds mature; the mowing method is to selectively mow part of the overgrown plants and flower spikes at the 6th week after the end of flowering, the mowing area is 5%-8% per square meter, at the same time, part of the non-mowed area is reserved; the plant reservation method is to reserve 3-5 perennial plants per square meter at the 8th week after the end of flowering.

[0053] Verification example:

[0054] Verification of the inhibitory effect of wild flower buffer zone on farmland pests, earwigs

[0055] According to Example 1 and Example 2, four wild flower buffer zone experimental sample strips were set up in Qiaosi farm in Hangzhou, three replicates were set up for each sample strip, and two experimental devices were set up on the side close to the farmland (inside) and the side not close to the farmland, respectively. A total of 3*4*2 = 24 experimental devices were set up, and the same number of control sample strips were set up in the natural grass belt position around them.

[0056] The natural grass belt is mainly composed of grasses and part of flowering plants, and the specific species include the following:

[0057]

[0058] The earwig sampling in this verification example was carried out by using the trap method, and the sampling device is shown in Figure 2 .

[0059] First, a trap is placed in the center of each fixed quadrat. The trap consists of a resin cup and a metal rain cover. One trap is placed in each quadrat. The trap contains approximately 200ml of 75% alcohol to prevent the captured organism from decaying. During the experiment, the resin cup is buried underground with its rim flush with the ground. A hole deep enough to accommodate the trap is dug, and the trap is placed inside. Alcohol is added to the trap, and the rain cover is placed on top. Sampling is done weekly, with a new quadrat set up immediately after each sampling to ensure continuous sampling. Each sampling cycle is 7 days. After sampling, all samples from the trap cups in the same sampling bag are mixed and retrieved sequentially, then sealed and stored in a 75% ethanol solution. After sampling, the woodlice specimens were initially sorted and counted in the laboratory. The ANOVA method was used to test the inhibition of woodlice activity density by the wildflower buffer zone. Without any additional pesticides or other management measures, the overall woodlice activity density in the wildflower buffer zone was significantly lower than that in the natural grass buffer zone control group, with a density only 32.03% of the control group, and an overall inhibition rate of 67.97%. This result shows that the wildflower buffer zone has a significant inhibitory effect on woodlice pests. (See Table 2 and...) Figure 3 ).

[0060] Table 2. Validation of the effectiveness of wildflower buffer zones in suppressing woodlice activity density based on ANOVA test.

[0061] Explanatory variable Degrees of freedom Total sum of squares Mean square F P Experimental grouping 1 9.48 9.477 4.320 0.044 Position 1 0.35 0.350 0.160 0.691 Interaction term 1 2.18 2.184 0.996 0.324

[0062] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that, compared with the original natural grass belt, the activity density of woodlice decreased from 262.625 to 84.125, a significant decrease to 24.29% of the original level, indicating that the wildflower buffer zone played a relatively obvious role in pest control. As shown in Table 2, there was no significant interaction term, indicating that the construction of the wildflower buffer zone did not cause woodlice to concentrate their activities from the planting area to the farmland, and would not promote woodlice damage to the farmland.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting and managing a wildflower combination that suppresses the agricultural pest woodlice, comprising the following steps: 1) Wildflower seeds are harvested, preserved, screened, and wet-grinded; 2) Pre-treatment for leveling the wildflower buffer zone: Adjust the soil pH and organic matter content, then till and irrigate; 3) Wildflower mixed planting and sowing: Mix the wildflower seeds after wet grinding in step 1) in a certain proportion or mix the mixed wildflower seeds with nutrient soil, and then cultivate, ridge and sow on the wildflower buffer zone. 4) Germination period management: Ensure soil moisture, apply organic fertilizer after a period of time, and cover with film in cold climates; 5) Flowering period management: Ensure soil moisture, apply organic fertilizer, and thin out seedlings; 6) Post-planting management: Use self-seeding seed saving, cutting and retaining plantlets management methods; The wildflower seeds mentioned in step 1) comprise, by weight percentage, the following flower species: red clover 6-10%, red lip 8-12%, coriander 6-10%, licorice 10-14%, forget-me-not 10-14%, violet 8-12%, yarrow 8-12%, mint 8-12%, alfalfa 10-14%, and sunflower 4-8%. The spatial layout of the wildflower buffer zone in step 2) is as follows: it is set outside the farmland planting area, the farmland planting area is 50-60m wide, the wildflower buffer zone is 0.5-2m wide, and the farmland planting area and the wildflower buffer zone are distributed alternately. The thinning treatment in step 5) is as follows: thinning management is carried out in the 4th-5th week of the wildflower seedling stage, retaining 15-20 healthy plants per square meter of sowing area, with a spacing of 15-20cm between adjacent seedlings. The self-seeding method in step 6) is as follows: 3-5 weeks after the end of the flowering period, retain 5-8 healthy plants per square meter and keep the flower spikes on the plants, and collect mature wildflower seeds regularly; the mowing method is as follows: mow 5-7 weeks after the end of the flowering period, covering an area of ​​5%-8% per square meter; the method of retaining plants is as follows: 7-9 weeks after the end of the flowering period, retain 3-5 perennial plants per square meter.

2. The planting and management method of wildflower combinations for suppressing farmland pests such as woodlice as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wildflower seeds mentioned in step 1) comprise, by weight percentage, the following flower species: red clover 7-9%, red lip 9-11%, coriander 7-9%, licorice 11-13%, forget-me-not 11-13%, violet 9-11%, yarrow 9-11%, mint 9-11%, alfalfa 11-13%, and sunflower 5-7%.

3. The planting and management method of wildflower combinations for suppressing farmland pests such as woodlice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the soil pH value is 6.0-7.5 and the organic matter content is >2%.

4. The planting and management method of wildflower combinations for suppressing farmland pests such as woodlice as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the mass ratio of wildflower seeds to nutrient soil is 1:

3. The nutrient soil formula, by mass percentage, includes 40%-50% peat humus, 20%-30% perlite or vermiculite, 5%-10% eggshells or bone meal, 5%-10% vermiculite mineral fertilizer, and 10%-15% perlite or lightweight horticultural soil.

5. The planting and management method of wildflower combinations for suppressing farmland pests such as woodlice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the tillage depth is 15-20cm, the ridge spacing is 20-30cm, the seeding depth is 2-3cm, and the seeding rate is 4-6g / m². 2 .

6. The planting and management method of wildflower combinations for suppressing farmland pests such as woodlice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4), the soil moisture content should be 15%-20%. Organic fertilizer should be applied 7-14 days later at a rate of 12-18 g / m³. 2 The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in organic fertilizer is 3:1.5:2.

5.

7. The planting and management method of wildflower combinations for suppressing farmland pests such as woodlice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), the soil moisture content is 20%-25%, and the amount of organic fertilizer used is 22-28 g / m³. 2 The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in organic fertilizer is 4:2:3.

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