Myopia control therapy

Abstract

The ophthalmic lens includes one or more annular sectors configured to provide one or more off-axis corrections to light incident on the peripheral retina to suppress myopia progression. An ophthalmic lens includes a central region and an annular region including an annular sector configured to provide myopia suppression wavefront correction for light from a peripheral visual region of a peripheral field of view used. The first annular sector is configured such that light from the peripheral visual region passes through the first annular sector to form an image of the peripheral visual region on an annular region of the peripheral retina. The myopia suppression wavefront correction reduces circumferential and radial aspect ratios of an image of the first peripheral vision region.

Description

Cross-references to related application data

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 321,447, filed on March 18, 2022, and No. 63 / 397,128, filed on August 11, 2022, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e); the complete disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Background Art

[0002] Myopia (also known as nearsightedness) is an optical disease in which close objects are clearly visible and distant objects appear blurry. Myopia may be caused by an eyeball that is too long and / or an overly curved cornea, causing light from distant objects to focus in front of the retina.

[0003] Myopia is the most common form of visual impairment in people under 40 years of age. The prevalence of myopia is increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that in 2000, about 25 percent of the world's population suffered from myopia. It is expected that by 2050, about 50 percent of the world's population will suffer from myopia.

[0004] Typically, myopia develops during childhood (at least in part due to eye growth that occurs during childhood) and develops until about age 20. Myopia may also develop after childhood due to visual stress or a health condition such as diabetes.

[0005] People with myopia are at increased risk for other optical diseases. For example, myopic patients have a significantly increased risk of cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. In addition, many people with high myopia are poor candidates for LASIK or other laser refractive surgery. Summary of the invention

[0006] A simplified overview of some embodiments of the present invention is presented below to provide a basic understanding of the present invention. This overview is not a broad overview of the present invention. Its purpose is not to identify the key / important elements of the present invention or to describe the scope of the present invention. Its sole purpose is to present some embodiments of the present invention in a simplified form as a preface to a more detailed description presented later.

[0007] Embodiments described herein relate to ophthalmic lenses, and related methods, that modify an image formed on a peripheral retina to inhibit the progression of myopia. In many embodiments, an ophthalmic lens includes an annular zone configured to provide wavefront correction to light incident on the peripheral retina that reduces myopia.

[0008] Thus, in one aspect, an ophthalmic lens is configured to inhibit progression of myopia in a user having a retina including a central retina and a peripheral retina. The ophthalmic lens includes a central zone and an annular zone surrounding the central zone. The annular zone includes a first annular sector configured to provide a first myopia inhibiting wavefront correction to light from a first peripheral visual zone of a peripheral visual field of the user. The first annular sector is configured to allow light from the first peripheral visual zone to pass through the first annular sector to form an image of the first peripheral visual zone on the first annular zone of the peripheral retina. The first myopia inhibiting wavefront correction is configured to reduce a first circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the first peripheral visual zone. The first circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as a circumferential length of the image of the first peripheral visual zone in a first circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the first peripheral visual zone in a first radial direction of the peripheral retina. In many embodiments of the ophthalmic lens, the first annular sector is disposed on an opposite side of the eye relative to the first annular zone of the peripheral retina.

[0009] In many embodiments of the ophthalmic lens, the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a positive spherical correction for light from the first peripheral visual zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina. The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction may comprise any suitable positive spherical correction (e.g., at least 0.5 diopters, 1.0 diopters, 1.25 diopters, 1.5 diopters, within a range of 0.5 diopters to 2.5 diopters) for light from the first peripheral visual zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0010] In many embodiments, the ophthalmic lens further comprises an annular transition zone disposed between the central zone and the annular zone. The central zone may be configured to provide an on-axis wavefront correction to the central retina. The annular transition zone may be configured to provide an annular transition zone wavefront correction that transitions from the on-axis wavefront correction provided by the central zone to the first myopia suppression wavefront correction provided by the first annular sector.

[0011] In many embodiments of the ophthalmic lens, the annular zone includes a first radial treatment zone and a second radial treatment zone. The first radial treatment zone surrounds the central zone and can be configured to provide the first radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction to a first annular portion of the peripheral retina. The second radial treatment zone surrounds the first radial treatment zone and can be configured to provide the second radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction to a second annular portion of the peripheral retina surrounding the first annular portion of the peripheral retina.

[0012] In many embodiments of the ophthalmic lens, the annular zone includes a first treatment type zone and a second treatment type zone. The first treatment type zone is configured to increase the contrast of the peripheral retina. The second treatment type zone is configured to reduce the contrast of the peripheral retina. The second treatment type zone can be configured to induce scattering. The second treatment type zone may include optical elements that form defocusing elements. Each defocusing element may have a diameter in the range of 0.1mm to 1.0mm and a power in the range of 1.0 diopters to 3.0 diopters of defocus. The defocusing elements may be arranged in a pattern with an inter-element spacing in the range of 0.1mm to 1.0mm. The second treatment type zone may include a random subsurface optical element configured to induce scattering. The random subsurface optical element may be configured to induce a wavefront correction range between 0.1 waves and 1.0 waves at a wavelength of 550nm.

[0013] In many embodiments, the ophthalmic lens includes a myopia inhibiting compound incorporated to provide release into the user's eye over time. In some embodiments of the ophthalmic lens, the myopia inhibiting compound includes atropine.

[0014] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens has an outer shape that produces a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction. The outer surface of the first annular sector can be shaped to produce the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction. The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction can vary in size in the circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens. The thickness of the first annular sector can vary in the first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens. The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction can have a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the first annular sector. The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction can vary in the first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction is provided by a combination of an outer shape of the ophthalmic lens and a subsurface optical element formed within the ophthalmic lens. For example, the outer surface of the first annular sector can be shaped to produce a first portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction. The first annular sector can include a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

[0016] In many embodiments of the ophthalmic lens, the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction is provided by a subsurface refractive index variation formed within the ophthalmic lens.The subsurface refractive index variation may be formed via a laser induced refractive index variation within the first annular sector.

[0017] The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction may have any suitable configuration. For example, the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction may have a phase wrapping configuration that is equivalent to the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction. The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction may vary in the circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens. The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction may have a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the first annular sector. The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction may vary in the radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0018] In many embodiments of the ophthalmic lens, the annular zone of the ophthalmic lens includes a plurality of annular sectors, wherein each of the plurality of annular sectors is configured to provide a corresponding myopia suppression wavefront correction to a corresponding annular sector of the peripheral retina. The plurality of annular sectors may include any suitable number of annular sectors (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more). For example, the annular zone may include a second annular sector and a third annular sector. The second annular sector may be configured to provide a second myopia suppression wavefront correction to light from a second peripheral visual area of ​​the peripheral visual field. The second annular sector may be configured to allow light from the second peripheral visual area to pass through the second annular sector to form an image of the second peripheral visual area on the second annular area of ​​the peripheral retina. The second myopia suppression wavefront correction may also be configured to reduce the second circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the second peripheral visual area. The second circumferential to radial aspect ratio may also be defined as the circumferential length of the image of the second peripheral visual area in the second circumferential direction of the retina divided by the radial length of the image of the second peripheral visual area in the second radial direction of the peripheral retina. The third annular sector may be configured to provide a third myopia suppression wavefront correction to light from a third peripheral visual area of ​​the peripheral visual field. The third annular sector can be configured so that light from the third peripheral vision zone passes through the third annular sector to form an image of the third peripheral vision zone on the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina. The third myopia suppression wavefront correction can also be configured to reduce the third circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the third peripheral vision zone. The third circumferential to radial aspect ratio can also be defined as the circumferential length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in the third circumferential direction of the retina divided by the radial length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in the third radial direction of the peripheral retina. The first, second and third myopia suppression wavefront corrections can be the same or have any suitable changes to take into account the measured optical aberrations of the user's eyes. The first annular sector can be set on the opposite side of the eye relative to the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina. The second annular sector can be set on the opposite side of the eye relative to the second annular area of ​​the peripheral retina. The third annular segment can be set on the opposite side of the eye relative to the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0019] In many embodiments of the ophthalmic lens, each of the first, second, and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections comprises a positive spherical correction for light from the respective peripheral visual region, the light passing through the respective annular sector and forming an image of the respective peripheral visual region on the respective annular area of ​​the peripheral retina. Each of the first, second, and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections may comprise any suitable positive spherical correction (e.g., at least 0.5 diopters, 1.0 diopters, 1.25 diopters, 1.5 diopters, within a range of 0.5 diopters to 2.5 diopters) for light from the respective peripheral visual region, the light passing through the respective annular sector and forming an image of the respective peripheral visual region on the respective annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0020] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens has an outer shape that produces each of the first, second and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections. For example, the outer surface of each of the first, second and third annular sectors can be shaped to produce the first, second and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections, respectively. The optical phase height of each of the first, second and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections can vary in the respective circumferential directions of the ophthalmic lens. The respective thickness of each of the first, second and third annular sectors can vary in the respective circumferential directions of the ophthalmic lens. The respective optical phase height of each of the first, second and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections can have a respective maximum absolute height in the central portion of the respective annular sector. The respective optical phase height of each of the first, second and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections can vary in the respective radial directions of the ophthalmic lens.

[0021] In some embodiments, each of the first, second, and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections is provided by a combination of an outer shape of the ophthalmic lens and a subsurface refractive index variation formed within the ophthalmic lens. For example, the outer surface of each of the respective annular segments can be further shaped to produce a respective first portion of the respective myopia suppressing wavefront correction. Each of the first, second, and third annular sectors can include a subsurface refractive index variation within the respective annular sector. The subsurface refractive index variation within each of the first, second, and third annular sectors can be configured to produce a respective second portion of the respective myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

[0022] In many embodiments of the ophthalmic lens, each of the first, second, and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections is provided by a subsurface refractive index variation formed within the ophthalmic lens. For example, each of the first, second, and third annular sectors may include a subsurface refractive index variation formed via a laser-induced change in the refractive index within the respective annular sector.

[0023] Each of the first, second, and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections may have any suitable configuration. For example, the first, second, and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections may have a phase wrapping configuration that is equivalent to the non-phase wrapping configuration of the respective myopia suppressing wavefront correction. The optical phase height of the respective non-phase wrapping configuration of each of the first, second, and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections may vary in the respective circumferential directions of the ophthalmic lens. The optical phase height of the respective non-phase wrapping configuration of each of the first, second, and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections may have a maximum absolute height in the respective central portion of the respective annular sector. The optical phase height of the respective non-phase wrapping configuration of each of the first, second, and third myopia suppressing wavefront corrections may vary in the respective radial directions of the ophthalmic lens.

[0024] The ophthalmic lens may be configured as any suitable type of ophthalmic lens. For example, the ophthalmic lens may be configured as a contact lens, an intraocular lens, a corneal inlay, or a corneal onlay.

[0025] In another aspect, a method for inhibiting myopia progression in an eye is provided, the eye having a retina including a central retina and a peripheral retina. The method includes applying a first myopia inhibiting wavefront correction to light from a first peripheral visual area of ​​a peripheral visual field of a user of the ophthalmic lens through a first annular sector of the ophthalmic lens. The first annular sector is configured such that light from the first peripheral visual area passes through the first annular sector to form an image of the first peripheral visual area on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina. The first myopia inhibiting wavefront correction is configured to reduce a first circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the first peripheral visual area. The first circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as a circumferential length of the image of the first peripheral visual area in a first circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the first peripheral visual area in a first radial direction of the peripheral retina. In many embodiments of the method, the first annular sector is disposed on an opposite side of the eye relative to the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0026] The method of inhibiting the development of myopia can be practiced using any suitable ophthalmic lens. For example, the method can also be practiced using the ophthalmic lens of the present invention. The method can also be practiced by modifying the native lens of the eye (e.g., the cornea or native lens). For example, the method may further include modifying a first annular sector of the cornea to configure the first annular sector of the cornea to apply a first myopia suppression wavefront correction to light from a first peripheral visual area of ​​the peripheral visual field. Laser ablation can be used to reshape the outer side of the first annular sector of the cornea, and / or a sub-surface refractive index change can be formed within the first annular sector of the cornea using the method described herein. As another example, the method may include modifying a first annular sector of the native lens of the eye to configure the first annular sector of the native lens to apply a first myopia suppression wavefront correction to light from a first peripheral visual area of ​​the peripheral visual field. Using the method described herein, the native lens can be modified to form a sub-surface refractive index change within the native lens.

[0027] For a more complete understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the ensuing detailed description and accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A graph showing the relative peripheral refraction for a hyperopic person, an emmetrope, and a myopic person is shown.

[0029] Figure 2 The wavefronts at the 0, 10, 20, and 30 degree nasal retina are shown for a hyperopic, emmetropic, and myopic person.

[0030] Figure 3 Graphs showing the through-focus optical quality of the 0, 10, 20 and 30 degree nasal retina for a hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic person.

[0031] Figure 4 Graphs showing the through focus optical anisotropy of the 0, 10, 20 and 30 degree nasal retina for a hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic person.

[0032] Figure 5 Shows Figure 4 Sign convention for graphs of optical anisotropy.

[0033] Figure 6 A graph of optical phase heights of annular sectors of a first example design of a myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens for an example myopic eye is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0034] Figure 7 Shown in the form of waves Figure 6 A graph of the optical phase of a phase-wrapped configuration of an ophthalmic lens.

[0035] Figure 8 Shows Figure 6 A graph of relative peak-to-valley surface height (within one of the annular sectors) of an ophthalmic lens as a function of refractive index.

[0036] Fig. 9 The relative peak-to-valley surface height (within one of the annular sectors) is shown as a function of the optical power and Figure 6 Graph of the variation of the refractive index of an ophthalmic lens.

[0037] Fig.10 A graph of optical phase heights of annular sectors of a second example design of a myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens for an example myopic eye is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0038] Fig.11 A graph of optical phase heights of annular sectors of a third example design of a myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens for an example myopic eye is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0039] Fig.12 Shown for Figure 6 The first example design, Fig.10 The second example design and Fig.11 A third example design results in changes in the image of the peripheral vision area formed on the peripheral retina of an example myopic eye.

[0040] Fig.13 A graph of the through-focus optical quality at 30 degrees eccentricity is shown for an example myopic eye (uncorrected), an example myopic eye with a first example design myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens, an example myopic eye with a second example design myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens, and an example myopic eye with a third example design myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens.

[0041] Fig.14 Graphs of through-focus optical anisotropy at 30 degrees eccentricity are shown for an example myopic eye (uncorrected), an example myopic eye with a first example design myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens, an example myopic eye with a second example design myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens, and an example myopic eye with a third example design myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens.

[0042] Fig.15 An example ophthalmic lens having an annular transition zone surrounding a central vision zone and separating the central vision zone from a myopia suppressing peripheral zone is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0043] Fig.16 and Fig.17 An example ophthalmic lens having a radial treatment zone optimized for providing off-axis correction for corresponding field angles in the peripheral retina is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0044] Fig.18 , Fig.19 and Fig. 20 An example ophthalmic lens is shown that includes a first type of radial treatment zone that increases peripheral contrast and a second type of radial treatment zone that decreases peripheral contrast according to an embodiment.

[0045] Fig.21 An example ophthalmic lens is shown according to an embodiment, the example ophthalmic lens comprising a radial treatment zone configured to provide a combined on-axis correction for central vision improvement and off-axis correction for inhibiting myopia progression.

[0046] Figures 22 to 30 It shows that it can be Fig.21 An example of a dual wavefront combined optical correction method used in an ophthalmic lens.

[0047] Fig.31 A cross-sectional diagram of an eye is shown illustrating the transmission of light from an object located at the center of the field of view through the central zone of an ophthalmic lens to the fovea.

[0048] Fig.32 A cross-sectional view of an eye is shown illustrating the transmission of light from an object located at the periphery of the field of view through an annular zone of an ophthalmic lens to the perifovea.

[0049] Fig.33 A cross-sectional view of an eye is shown illustrating the transmission of light from an object located at the periphery of the field of view through the central and annular zones of an ophthalmic lens to the perafovea.

[0050] Fig.34 The coexistence of central myopia and peripheral hyperopia in an example eye is shown.

[0051] Fig.35 Shown are the point spread functions in the retina at zero, ten, and twenty degrees eccentricity for one subject.

[0052] Fig.36 Shown at zero, ten, and twenty degrees eccentricity Fig.35 Wavefront aberration in the retina of a subject.

[0053] Fig.37 is a simplified schematic diagram of a system for measuring off-axis and on-axis optical aberrations at selected locations in a retina, according to an embodiment.

[0054] Fig.38A is a simplified schematic diagram showing regions of the retina.

[0055] Fig.38BAn embodiment of an ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit the progression of myopia and comprising four annular sectors is shown.

[0056] Fig.39A is a simplified schematic diagram showing regions of the retina.

[0057] Fig.39B An embodiment of an ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit the progression of myopia and comprising eight annular sectors is shown.

[0058] Fig.40A is a simplified schematic diagram showing regions of the retina.

[0059] Fig.40B An embodiment of an ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit progression of myopia and including an annular zone is shown.

[0060] Fig.41 is a simplified schematic diagram of a method of manufacturing an ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit myopia progression according to an embodiment.

[0061] Fig.42 is a schematic representation of a system that may be used to form a sub-surface refractive index variation within an ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit myopia progression, according to an embodiment.

[0062] Fig.43 and Fig.44 Another system that may be used to form a sub-surface refractive index variation within an ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit myopia progression is schematically illustrated in accordance with an embodiment.

[0063] Fig.45 Example radial profiles for optical correction achieved via subsurface refractive index variations formed within an ophthalmic lens are shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0064] Fig.46 Shown for Fig.45 Example of an optically corrected 1-wave phase wrap profile.

[0065] Fig.47 Shows Fig.46 The 1 wave phase wrapping distribution has a 1 / 3 wave ratio.

[0066] Fig.48 The relationship between the diffraction efficiency of near focus and far focus is shown graphically versus the phase height.

[0067] Fig.49 An example calibration curve of the resulting phase transition height versus laser pulse train optical power is graphically shown.

[0068] Fig.50 is a plan view of an ophthalmic lens including a subsurface refractive index variation according to an embodiment.

[0069] Fig.51 yes Fig.50 A plan view of the subsurface refractive index variations of an ophthalmic lens.

[0070] Fig.52 yes Fig.50 Side view of the subsurface refractive index variations of an ophthalmic lens.

[0071] Fig.53A , Fig.53B and Fig.53C Light is shown being transmitted through the central and peripheral zones of an ophthalmic lens onto a portion of the peripheral retina.

[0072] Fig.54A and Fig.54B The relative coverage of an example annular zone of an ophthalmic lens over an example pupil is shown for different viewing angle eccentricities.

[0073] Fig.55 Example mean changes in optical aberrations from 0 to 20 degrees retinal eccentricity are shown for a group of 10 individuals.

[0074] Fig.56 is a graph of peripheral retinal image symmetry over a range of accommodation levels (eg, optical correction induced by contact lenses).

[0075] Fig.57 is a graph of peripheral retinal image quality over a range of accommodation levels (eg, optical correction induced by contact lenses).

[0076] Fig.58 is a graph of horizontal and vertical peripheral retinal image quality over a range of accommodation levels for an example control case.

[0077] Fig.59 is a graph of horizontal and vertical peripheral retinal image quality over a range of accommodation levels for an example control case and an ophthalmic lens configured to provide cylindrical correction.

[0078] Fig.60 is a graph of horizontal and vertical peripheral retinal image quality over a range of accommodation levels for an example control case and an ophthalmic lens configured to provide bifocal correction.

[0079] Fig.61 is a graph of horizontal and vertical peripheral retinal image quality over a range of accommodation levels for an example control case and an ophthalmic lens configured to provide cylindrical correction and bifocal correction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] In the description herein, various embodiments are described. For the purpose of explanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In addition, well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to confuse the described embodiments.

[0081] Anisotropy of the image formed in the peripheral retina

[0082] As described in this article, analysis of published refractive error data (Romashchenko, D, R. Rosen, and L. Lundstrom. "Peripheral refraction and higher order aberrations." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 103.1 (2020): 86-94) showed that image blur in the peripheral retina varies significantly between individuals with respect to their refractive status. Furthermore, the sign and shape of peripheral image blur can provide clues to signs of defocus and can therefore play a role in accommodation and emmetropization. The analysis of published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020] included calculation of through-focus image quality and an assessment of how the quality of the through-focus image depends on the refractive error of the eye.

[0083] The monochromatic modulation transfer function (MTF) at 555 nm with a 4 mm pupil was calculated using Zernike coefficients at retinal eccentricities (0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees horizontal field of view) based on published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020]. The two-dimensional MTF was calculated from defocus, from -3D to +3D in steps of 0.1D at each eccentricity, and was used to define two image quality metrics: (1) overall image quality defined as the volume under MTF (vMTF), and (2) image blur anisotropy defined as the ratio of the horizontal meridian to the vertical meridian of the MTF (HVRatio).

[0084] Analysis of published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020] revealed some correlations that could be of particular interest in inhibiting myopia progression. Within the horizontal field of view (10, 20, 30 degrees), the through-focus vMTF revealed that the best focus (maximum vMTF) was near the retina for emmetropes (-0.3, -0.3, 0.0 D, respectively), the best focus for relative myopia was behind the retina (-0.1, 0.4, 1.5 D, respectively) and the best focus for hyperopia was in front of the retina (-0.5, -0.6, -0.6 D, respectively). At 0.0 D (on the retina), both emmetropes and hyperopias exhibited radially elongated image blur, while myopias had circumferentially elongated image blur (HVRatio = 0.3, 0.7, and 2.8 at 30 degrees eccentricity). In all groups, the peak vMTF (best focus) coincided with the radially elongated image blur.

[0085] It is believed that, given the analysis of published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020], certain conclusions regarding possible approaches to inhibit myopia progression can be warranted. Specifically, it can be seen that image blur in the peripheral retina is dominated by the so-called "odd-error" image blur signal, mainly due to oblique astigmatism. Therefore, the direction of peripheral image blur (radial vs. circumferential) can provide the eye with optical cues for signs of defocus and can play a role in accommodation and emmetropization. All subject groups in the published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020] had anisotropic image blur in the periphery, with myopes having circumferentially elongated peripheral image blur and emmetropes and hyperopes having radial image blur.

[0086] The analysis of published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020] included wavefront calculations for 2492 subjects at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees nasal to the retina. Wavefront calculations were performed using Zernike data from published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020] and Matlab, using a wavelength of 550 nm, pupil function: m = 400, 8 x 8 mm, 4 mm pupil.

[0087] The analysis of published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020] consisted of four steps. In step 1, the mean relative peripheral refraction (diopters) for emmetropes, myopes, and hyperopes listed in Table 1 were obtained from Romashchenko et al., 2020. Figure 1 (exist Figure 1 It is applicable to the nasal retina at 0, 10, 20 and 30 degrees.

[0088] Table 1. Mean relative peripheral refraction by refractive group 0 degrees 10 degrees 20 degrees 30 degrees Those who face it 0 -0.35 -0.78 -1.25 Myopia 0 -0.15 -0.05 0.25 Farsighted 0 -0.53 -1.10 -1.93

[0089] In step 2, the Zernike defocus (C(2,0) in micrometers) is calculated using equation (1).

[0090] In equation (1), M is equal to the mean relative peripheral refraction in Table 1, and C(4,0) is obtained from published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020, Table 2]. Table 2 lists the calculated Zernike coefficients for emmetropes at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees nasal to the retina, and includes the Zernike defocus Z4 (C(2,0), in microns). Table 3 lists the calculated Zernike coefficients for myopes at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees nasal to the retina, and includes the Zernike defocus Z4 (C(2,0), in microns).

[0091] Table 2. Zernike coefficients of the nasal retina at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees in emmetropes.

[0092] Table 3. Zernike coefficients of the nasal retina at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees in myopes.

[0093] In step 3, wavefronts at the nasal retina at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees are created for each group (i.e., hyperopes, emmetropes, and myopes) using Zernike coefficients up to and including the fourth order. Each wavefront at the nasal retina at 10, 20, and 30 degrees is rescaled for the corresponding elliptical pupil. Figure 2 The resulting rescaled wavefront is shown.

[0094] In step 4, the through-focus MTF was calculated for each of the 0, 10, 20, and 30 degree nasal retinas for each population. Figure 3 Plots of the optical quality (in the form of normalized vMTF) of the 0, 10, 20, and 30 degree nasal retina are shown for each population. Figure 4 Plots of the optical anisotropy (in the form of horizontal / vertical MTF ratio) of the 0, 10, 20, and 30 degree nasal retina are shown for each population. Figure 5 Shows Figure 4 Sign convention for optical anisotropy graphs.

[0095] Analysis of published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020] supports several observations that are potentially applicable to possible approaches to inhibiting myopia progression. Specifically, emmetropic eyes generally have good correction across the entire visual field. Myopic eyes have relative hyperopia in the peripheral area. Emmetropic eyes have peripheral radial image blur. Myopic eyes have peripheral vertical image blur. Due to the aberration interaction between astigmatism and coma, the peak of through-focus relative image quality (TF-RIQ) coincides with the most radial focus.

[0096] Reduce the circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the peripheral retinal image

[0097] Figure 6 A graph of optical phase heights in four annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 of a first example design of a myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens for an example myopic eye according to an embodiment is shown. In the first example design, the ophthalmic lens has a central zone CZ and annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4. The outer diameter of the central zone CZ is 4 mm, and the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 form an annular zone around the central zone CZ with an outer diameter of 10 mm. Each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 is configured to provide a corresponding positive spherical correction of 1.35 diopters to light of a corresponding annular sector that passes through the annular sector to the peripheral retina. Each positive spherical correction of 1.35 diopters reduces the circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image formed on the corresponding relatively disposed annular sector of the peripheral retina. Figure 7 Shown in the form of waves Figure 6 A graph of the optical phase of the phase-wrapping configuration of the first example design.

[0098] The first example design can be implemented in an ophthalmic lens using any suitable method, including but not limited to: (a) shaping the outer surface of each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 into a convex shape, which is configured to provide a corresponding positive spherical correction of 1.35 diopters to the corresponding relatively disposed annular sector of the peripheral retina for light passing through the annular sector, (b) forming a sub-surface optical structure within each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 (for example, using the method described herein), so that the formed sub-surface optical structure is configured to provide a corresponding positive spherical correction of 1.35 diopters to the corresponding relatively disposed annular sector of the peripheral retina for light passing through the annular sector, and (c) a combination of (a) and (b), wherein each method provides a corresponding portion of the 1.35 diopters of positive spherical correction provided by the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4.

[0099] In an embodiment of the first example design in which the outer surface of each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 is formed into a convex shape to provide a corresponding positive spherical correction of 1.35 diopters, the peak-to-valley surface height of each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 depends on the refractive index of the material used to form the ophthalmic lens. Figure 8 Shows Figure 6 A graph of the peak-to-valley surface height within each annular sector A1, A2, A3, A4 of an ophthalmic lens relative to the change in the refractive index of the ophthalmic lens. The peak-to-valley surface height of each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 also depends on the magnitude of the positive spherical correction provided by each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4. Fig. 9 Shows Figure 6 A graph of the peak-to-valley surface height within an annular sector of an ophthalmic lens as a function of the magnitude of the positive spherical correction provided by each annular sector A1, A2, A3, A4 and the refractive index of the ophthalmic lens.

[0100] Each annular sector A1, A2, A3, A4 in the first example design provides the same positive spherical 1.35 diopter correction. As a result of the sphere of light passing through the annular sector converging to the oppositely disposed annular sectors of the peripheral retina, the positive spherical 1.35 diopter correction will reduce the circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image formed in the peripheral retina. However, each annular sector can be configured to provide any suitable positive spherical correction (e.g., within the range of 0.5 diopters to 3.0 diopters, within the region of 1.0 diopters to 2.0 diopters, within the range of 1.25 diopters to 1.5 diopters).

[0101] However, the optical wavefront correction provided by each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 can be customized based on the uncorrected wavefront of each corresponding relatively disposed annular sector of the peripheral retina of the ophthalmic lens user. For example, each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 can be configured to provide a wavefront correction that includes a customized positive spherical correction for the corresponding relatively disposed annular sector of the peripheral retina, and / or such that the provided wavefront correction can correct higher-order optical aberrations of the uncorrected wavefront. Fig.10 A graph of optical phase heights of annular sectors of a second example design of a myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens for an example myopic eye according to an embodiment is shown. Each annular sector A1, A2, A3, A4 in the second example design is configured to provide full optical correction to light passing through the annular sector to fully focus an image formed on an oppositely disposed peripheral retinal sector. Fig.11A graph of the optical phase height of annular sectors of a third example design of a myopia suppressing ophthalmic lens for an example myopic eye according to an embodiment is shown. Each annular sector A1, A2, A3, A4 in the third example design is configured to optically overcorrect light passing through the annular sector to focus the image completely in front of an oppositely disposed peripheral retinal sector. As described herein, focusing the image in front of the peripheral retina can further suppress the progression of myopia.

[0102] Evaluation of the first example design, the second example design, and the third example design shows that the first example design is significantly superior to the second example design and the third example design. The first example design can be described as a 4-quadrant wavefront correction, with each treatment quadrant providing a positive 1.35 diopter spherical correction that is offset 2.6 mm from the center of the lens. The central zone of the first example design is configured to provide distance vision wavefront correction. The inner diameter of the annular treatment zone is 4 mm and the outer diameter is 10 mm. Suitable variations of the first example design can be adopted. For example, any suitable variation in the magnitude of the positive spherical correction provided in each quadrant can be adopted. As another example, the offset distance between the axis of the positive spherical correction provided by each annular sector and the central optical axis of the ophthalmic lens can be selected to target a desired retinal eccentricity. For example, the 2.6 mm offset of the first example design corresponds to a retinal eccentricity of 30 degrees. The offset can be increased to increase the target retinal eccentricity, and the offset can be reduced to reduce the target retinal eccentricity.

[0103] Fig.12 Shows Figure 6 The first example design, Fig.10 The second example design and Fig.11 The third example design of the change in the image formed on the peripheral retina of the example myopic eye relative to the initial uncorrected circumferentially elongated image blur on the 30 degree horizontal retina of the example myopic eye. As shown, the initial uncorrected image formed on the 30 degree horizontal retina of the example myopic eye is vertically elongated and therefore circumferentially elongated on the 30 degree horizontal retina. Application Figure 6 In a first example design, the resulting corrected image formed on the 30 degree horizontal retina is now slightly horizontally elongated and therefore radially elongated on the 30 degree vertical retina. As described herein, the radially elongated image formed on the peripheral retina can result in a reduced stimulus for myopia progression compared to the stimulus for myopia progression caused by a circumferentially elongated image formed on the peripheral retina. Application Fig.10 The resulting corrected image formed on the 30 degree horizontal retina is no longer circumferentially elongated, but is perfectly focused on the 30 degree vertical retina. Fig.11 With the third example design, the resulting corrected image formed at the 30 degree horizontal retina is no longer circumferentially elongated, but is instead completely focused in front of the 30 degree vertical retina.

[0104] Fig.13 An example myopic eye with no correction is shown. Figure 6 A first example of an ophthalmic lens designed for myopia, having Fig.10 A second example of an ophthalmic lens designed for myopia and having Fig.11 Graphs OC-CON, OC-D1, OC-D2, OC-D3 of through-focus optical quality for an example myopic eye at 30 degrees eccentricity of a third example design ophthalmic lens. While the second example design provides the best optical quality at zero defocus, the optical quality of the second example design is lower than the first example design for less than about -0.85 diopters of defocus. While the third example design provides the best optical quality at about -1.3 diopters of defocus, the optical quality provided by the third example design is lower than the optical quality of the first example design and the second example design for greater than about -0.85 diopters of defocus. The variation in optical quality provided by each of the first example design, the second example design, and the third example design may be taken into account when configuring each of the annular sectors A1, A2, A3, A4 to provide an appropriate compromise between myopia suppression and optical quality in the peripheral retina.

[0105] As described herein, the circumferentially elongated image formed on the peripheral retina can lead to increased stimulation of myopia progression. Fig.14 Graphs A-CON, A-D1, A-D2, A-D3 of through-focus optical anisotropy (greater than 1 indicates circumferential elongation, less than 1 indicates radial elongation) at 30 degrees eccentricity are shown for an uncorrected example myopic eye, an example myopic eye with a first example design ophthalmic lens, an example hyperopic eye with a second example design ophthalmic lens, and an example myopic eye with a third example design ophthalmic lens. Although the image formed on the peripheral retina of the uncorrected example myopic eye is the most radially elongated of the images formed at about 1.5 diopters of defocus, the uncorrected image has a large amount of circumferential elongation at about 0.3 diopters of defocus. For the first example design, the corrected image formed on the peripheral retina is not circumferentially elongated above about -1.2 diopters of defocus. Each of the second example design and the third example design produces a substantially non-elongated image within the defocus range shown (-3.0 diopters to 3.0 diopters).

[0106] Reverse Apodization (RA)

[0107] In many embodiments described herein, a myopia suppressing peripheral treatment zone of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., contact lens, spectacle lens, natural lens, cornea, intraocular lens) is configured to provide off-axis optical correction to correct myopia-induced optical anisotropy in the peripheral retina. In many embodiments, the myopia suppressing peripheral treatment zone of the ophthalmic lens surrounds a central zone of the ophthalmic lens, which can be configured to provide on-axis optical correction to the fovea and not provide off-axis optical correction to correct myopia-induced optical anisotropy in the peripheral retina. Fig.15 A method of providing an annular transition zone (ATZ) between a central zone (CZ) and a myopia suppressing peripheral treatment zone (TZ) is shown. The annular transition zone (ATZ) is configured to provide an appropriate transition from the on-axis optical correction provided by the central zone (CZ) to the off-axis optical correction provided by the myopia suppressing peripheral treatment zone (TZ) to improve the quality of central (foveal) vision where the pupil is larger. In many embodiments, the annular transition zone (ATZ) is configured to distribute some portion of the light to improve the quality of central vision. In many embodiments, the annular transition zone (ATZ) is configured to transition from providing the same visual correction as the central zone (CZ) at the inner boundary of the annular transition zone to providing the same visual correction as the myopia suppressing peripheral treatment zone (TZ) at the outer boundary of the annular transition zone. Fig.15 Some example transition profiles that can be used for an annular transition zone (ATZ) are shown to transition from an on-axis optical correction provided by a central zone (CZ) to an off-axis optical correction provided by a myopia suppressing peripheral treatment zone (TZ). The example transition profiles are represented by the maximum wave at a wavelength of 555 nm provided by the annular transition zone (ATZ) to the peripheral retina, starting from 0.0 wave at the inner boundary of the annular transition zone (ATZ) and ending at 1.0 wave at the outer boundary of the annular transition zone (ATZ).

[0108] Stepwise Radial Correction (SRC)

[0109] Fig.16 and Fig.17 The use of multiple myopia suppressing radial treatment zones is shown, where each radial treatment zone is optimized to provide off-axis optical correction for a specific field angle. As reflected in published refractive data [Romashchenko et al., 2020], optical aberrations in the peripheral retina increase with increasing field angle. Any suitable number of radial treatment zones may be used. For example, Fig.16An embodiment is shown that employs two radial treatment zones (TZ1, TZ2) surrounding a central optical zone (CZ) that is configured to optimize central (foveal) vision using an appropriate optical correction (e.g., sphere, cylinder, axis). The first radial treatment zone (TZ1) is configured to provide optical correction to the mid-peripheral retina (e.g., 15-30 degree field angle). As an example, the optical correction of the mid-peripheral retina can be defined by the average aberration between 15 and 30 degree field angles. The optical correction of the mid-peripheral retina can also be configured to correct myopia-induced optical anisotropy in the mid-peripheral retina. The second radial treatment zone (TZ2) is configured to provide optical correction to the far peripheral retina (e.g., >30 degree field angle). As an example, the optical correction of the far peripheral retina can be defined by the average aberration between 30 and 45 degree field angles. The optical correction of the far peripheral retina can also be configured to correct myopia-induced optical anisotropy in the far peripheral retina. The number of radial treatment zones can vary. For example, Fig.17 An embodiment is shown that includes 5 radial treatment zones (TZ1, TZ2, TZ3, TZ4, TZ5), wherein each of the 5 radial treatment zones (TZ1, TZ2, TZ3, TZ4, TZ5) is configured to provide optical correction to a corresponding portion of the peripheral retina covering a corresponding field of view angle range.

[0110] Subsurface Refractive Index Variations and Scattering andScatter,SRIV&S)

[0111] Fig.18 , Fig.19 and Fig. 20The use of a first type of radial treatment zone and a second type of radial treatment zone in combination is shown. The first type of radial treatment zone is configured to increase peripheral contrast. For example, the first type of radial treatment zone can be configured to correct the image formed on the peripheral retina from the circumferential direction to the radial direction, correct peripheral aberrations (e.g., astigmatism and coma), or overcorrect peripheral aberrations. The first type of radial treatment zone may include any suitable type of optical element configured to increase peripheral contrast. For example, the first type of radial treatment zone may include a sub-surface optical element formed via a laser-induced refractive index change, configured to increase peripheral contrast or an outer surface shape, or an outer surface shape configured to increase peripheral contrast. The second type of radial treatment zone is configured to reduce peripheral contrast. For example, the second type of radial treatment zone may include a sub-surface optical element formed via a laser-induced refractive index change, the sub-surface optical element being configured to induce scattering. For example, the second type of radial treatment zone may include an optical element forming a lenslet array pattern of defocusing elements. Each defocusing element may have any suitable configuration. For example, each defocusing element may have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm and a power of defocusing between 1 diopter and 3 diopters. The defocusing elements can be arranged in a pattern (e.g., a Cartesian (x, y) pattern, a polar coordinate (r, theta) pattern, a hexagonal pattern, or an irregular pattern) with an inter-element spacing of 0.1 to 1.0 mm. The optical element forming the lenslet array pattern of the defocusing element can be formed using any suitable method. For example, the optical element forming the defocusing element can include a sub-surface optical element formed via a laser-induced refractive index change and / or the defocusing element can be formed via an outer surface shape. The sub-surface optical element formed via a laser-induced refractive index change can provide a maximum of 1.0 waves with a wavelength of 550nm in each defocusing element to achieve 100% diffraction efficiency. As another example, the second type radial treatment zone can include a random sub-surface optical element formed via a laser-induced refractive index change to induce scattering. The random sub-surface optical element can be configured to provide a wave range between 0.1 waves and 1.0 waves at a wavelength of 550nm. Fig.18 A configuration employing two radial treatment zones is shown, wherein one radial treatment zone is a first type of radial treatment zone and the other radial treatment zone is a second type of radial treatment zone. Fig.19 A configuration employing five radial treatment zones is shown, wherein the type of radial treatment zone employed alternates radially between a first radial treatment zone and a second radial treatment zone. Fig. 20 A configuration employing a fourth radial treatment zone is shown, wherein the type of radial treatment zone employed alternates circumferentially between a first type of radial treatment zone and a second type of radial treatment zone.

[0112] Combined Optical and Pharmacological Treatment (CO& PT)

[0113] Any optical treatment described herein can be combined with appropriate drug treatment to inhibit the progression of myopia. For example, one or more contact lenses can contain atropine in the one or more contact lenses so that the one or more contact lenses can serve as a delivery vehicle for atropine. The optical treatment described herein slows down the growth rate of the eye via visual stimulation of the peripheral retina. Atropine slows down the growth rate of the eye via pharmacological signals. Low-dose eye drops of 0.1% to 1.0% atropine are currently used clinically as a myopia treatment. Atropine can be incorporated into one or more contact lenses to provide appropriate slow release to the eye.

[0114] Radial treatment zone combined with central vision and peripheral myopia suppression correction (CV&PC)

[0115] Fig.21 An example ophthalmic lens including a central zone (CZ) and four radial zones (RZ1, RZ2, RZ3, RZ4) is shown. The central zone (CZ) can be configured to provide on-axis optical correction to improve central (foveal) vision. In some embodiments, the central zone (CZ) does not provide off-axis optical correction to correct myopia-induced optical anisotropy in the peripheral retina. Each of the four radial zones (RZ1, RZ2, RZ3, RZ4) can be configured to provide a combined optical correction that combines an on-axis optical correction to improve central (foveal) vision and an off-axis correction configured to correct myopia-induced optical anisotropy in the peripheral retina. Although the example ophthalmic lens includes four radial zones (RZ1, RZ2, RZ3, RZ4), the ophthalmic lens may include any suitable number and distribution of radial zones configured to provide a combined optical correction that combines an on-axis optical correction that improves central (foveal) vision and an off-axis correction that is configured to correct myopia-induced optical anisotropy in the peripheral retina.

[0116] Each radial zone may have any suitable configuration that provides a combined optical correction that combines an on-axis optical correction that improves central (foveal) vision with an off-axis correction that is configured to correct myopia-induced optical anisotropy in the peripheral retina. Figures 22 to 30 A dual wavefront combined optical correction method is shown that can be used to configure radial zones to provide combined optical correction that combines an on-axis optical correction that improves central (foveal) vision and an off-axis correction that is configured to correct for myopia-induced optical anisotropy, including in the peripheral retina. In the method shown, the optical correction for defocus ( Fig. 22 ) combined with optical correction of astigmatism ( Fig.23 ), to form a dual wavefront combined optical correction for defocus and astigmatism ( Fig.24). Fig.25 Shows Fig. 22 Defocus-corrected Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Fig.26 Shows Fig.25 A close-up view of the relevant portion of the FFT. Fig. 27 Shows Fig.23 Fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the astigmatism correction. Fig.28 Shows Fig. 27 A close-up view of the relevant portion of the FFT. Fig.29 Shows Fig.24 Fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the dual-wavefront combination optics corrected for defocus and astigmatism. Fig.30 Shows Fig.29 A close-up view of the relevant portion of the FFT. Fig.24 The FFT looks like Fig. 22 The defocus-corrected FFT and Fig.23 A linear combination of the astigmatism-corrected FFTs is shown and confirms that the exemplary dual-wavefront combined optical correction provides combined defocus and astigmatism correction.

[0117] The dual wavefront is produced by the coherent interference of two component wavefronts. The dual wavefront can be created by extracting the phase profile resulting from the coherent interference of the two component wavefronts. Equation (2) calculates the dual wavefront as a function of the dual component wavefront, where "RDE1" is the relative diffraction efficiency of wavefront 1 and "α" is the piston displacement that maximizes the size of the region where constructive interference occurs between the two wavefronts. Equation (3) is a generalized version of equation (2), where "RDE1" is a function of the polar coordinates (ρ, θ). Equation (2) Equation (3)

[0118] Combination approach to inhibit myopia progression

[0119] The methods for inhibiting myopia progression described herein can be combined in any suitable combination. For example, the methods for inhibiting myopia progression described herein can be combined as shown in Table 4.

[0120] Table 4. Combinations of approaches to inhibit myopia progression.

[0121] Ballast

[0122] The contact lens can include ballast to position the contact lens in the eye so that the annular treatment zone has a specific orientation relative to the peripheral retina to provide the desired myopia-suppressing off-axis correction to a corresponding portion of the peripheral retina.

[0123] The ophthalmic lens described herein is configured to optically correct light focused on the peripheral retina to reduce the progression of myopia. In many embodiments, a subsurface optical element is disposed in an annular zone of the ophthalmic lens and is formed via a laser-induced change in the refractive index of the material forming the annular zone. In many embodiments, optical aberrations are measured for one or more locations in the peripheral retina of the subject. In many embodiments, based on the measured optical aberrations, an optical correction that inhibits the progression of myopia is determined for each of the one or more locations in the peripheral retina of the subject. In many embodiments, a surface refractive index change is determined to form a subsurface optical element, which is configured to provide optical correction that inhibits the progression of myopia to each of the one or more locations in the peripheral retina. In many embodiments, a subsurface refractive index change is induced by focusing a laser on a corresponding subsurface position in one or more corresponding annular zones of the ophthalmic lens. In many embodiments, each of the one or more annular zones of the ophthalmic lens is positioned relative to an associated position in the peripheral retina relative to the optical axis of an eye having a peripheral retina. An ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit myopia progression as described herein may be any suitable type of ophthalmic lens, including, for example, spectacles (also known as eyeglasses), contact lenses, corneas, natural lenses, and intraocular lenses.

[0124] Fig.31 A cross-sectional view of an eye 10 is shown, which shows that light 12 is transmitted from a first object 14 disposed at a first position at the center of the field of view of the eye 10 to the retina 16 of the eye 10. The retina 16 includes a fovea 18, a parafovea 20, and a peripheral fovea 22. The fovea 18 is the central portion of the retina 16. The parafovea 20 and the peripheral fovea 22 form the peripheral portion of the retina. The retinal cones are concentrated in the fovea 18. The light 12 is incident on the fovea 18, thereby providing the highest visual acuity for the center of the field of view. In the embodiment shown, the light 12 passes through the central portion of a contact lens 24 worn on the eye 10. The contact lens 24 is an example of an ophthalmic lens that can be configured to inhibit the progression of myopia as described herein. In alternative embodiments, the cornea of ​​the eye 10, the lens of the eye 10, the glasses, and / or the intraocular lens can be configured to inhibit the progression of myopia (of the eye 10) as described herein.

[0125] Fig.32The transmission of light 26 from a second object 28 to the retina 16 is shown, the second object 28 being disposed at a second position so as to be located at the periphery of the field of view of the eye 10. The eye 10 has an optical axis 30 extending from the center of the fovea 18 through the center of the pupil 32. Due to the peripheral position of the second object 28 relative to the optical axis 30, the light 26 passes through a peripheral portion of the contact lens 24 and is incident on a peripheral fovea 22 portion of the retina 16. The light 26 also passes through a peripheral portion of the cornea of ​​the eye 10 and through a peripheral portion of the lens of the eye 10. If the lens of the eye 10 is replaced with an artificial lens, the light 26 will pass through a peripheral portion of the artificial lens.

[0126] Fig.33 The transmission of light 34 from a third object 36 disposed at a third position so as to be located at the periphery of the field of view of the retina 16 is shown. Due to the peripheral position of the third object 36 relative to the optical axis 30, the light 34 passes through both the central and peripheral portions of the contact lens 24 and is incident on the portion of the retina proximal to the fovea 20. Likewise, the light 34 also passes through both the central and peripheral portions of the cornea of ​​the eye 10 and passes through both the central and peripheral portions of the cornea of ​​the eye 10. If the lens of the eye 10 is replaced with an artificial lens, the light 34 will pass through both the central and peripheral portions of the artificial lens.

[0127] The visual sensitivity of seeing an object through the peripheral retina (ie, the proximal fovea 20 and / or the peripheral fovea 22) is lower than the visual sensitivity of seeing an object through the proximal fovea 18. Fig.33 As shown, the light incident on the peripheral retina can be a combination of light that has passed through the peripheral and central portions of the contact lens 24, the peripheral and central portions of the cornea of ​​the eye 10, and the peripheral and central portions of the lens of the eye 10 or the peripheral and central portions of an intraocular lens that replaces the lens of the eye 10. The eye 10 may also better focus light on the fovea 18 rather than on the peripheral retina 20, 22, thereby potentially further reducing the visual sensitivity of objects seen through the peripheral retina 20, 22 relative to seeing the objects through the fovea 18.

[0128] Myopia progression is associated with excessive eye growth, which can increase the distance between the fovea 18 and the lens 34 of the eye 10. The increased distance between the fovea 18 and the lens 34 causes images to focus further in front of the fovea 18, thereby increasing myopia.

[0129] Studies have shown that eye growth is affected by light incident on the peripheral retina. For example, one study (Smith, Earl L. et al., "Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys," Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 46.11 (2005): 3965-3972) showed that eye growth in infant monkeys without a fovea (i.e., only a peripheral retina) was affected by the optics of the eye relative to the peripheral retina. As another example, in another study (Hiraoka, Takahiro et al., "Relationship between higher-order wavefront aberrations and natural progression of myopia in schoolchildren," Scientific Reports, 7.1 (2017): 7876), 64 children were studied for 2 years. Of the 64 children studied, those born with higher-order aberrations (which provide a longer depth of focus) had less myopia progression over 2 years.

[0130] The shape of the eyeball can affect the properties of light incident on the peripheral retina. Fig.34 As shown, for an eyeball with a prolate shape, peripheral hyperopia can coexist with central myopia. Peripheral hyperopia has been considered as a potential stimulus for continued eye growth, which exacerbates central myopia.

[0131] The inventors believe that the anisotropy of peripheral vision may be a potential stimulus for the continued growth of the eye, which exacerbates central myopia. Studies have shown that due to the peripheral optical aberrations of the eye, light incident on the peripheral retina generally has a certain level of anisotropy and / or rotational asymmetry. For example, Fig.35 The point spread function of one subject in the temporal retina at zero, ten and 20 degrees is shown. As can be seen, the point spread function at 20 degrees exhibits a large amount of anisotropy. Fig.36 Shows Fig.35 Wavefront aberrations at zero, ten, and 20 degrees in the temporal retina for a subject of FIG. As can be seen, the wavefront aberration for 20 degrees in the temporal retina exhibits a large amount of anisotropy.

[0132] Fig.37 1 is a simplified schematic diagram showing a system 100 for measuring optical aberrations both off-axis and on-axis for selected locations on the retina. The system 100 includes a wavefront sensor 102, a visual stimulus 104, a deformable mirror 106, a first beam splitter 108, a fixed target 110, an artificial pupil 112, an interference filter 114, a second beam splitter 116, mirrors 118, 120, and lenses 122, 124, 126, 128, and 130. Light emitted by the visual stimulus 104 is projected onto a target location on the retina 16 of the eye 10. The eye 10 then projects the resulting light reflected from the target location on the retina onto the beam splitter 108, which reflects the projected light, thereby directing the projected light onto the wavefront sensor 102. Any suitable existing wavefront sensor can be used as the wavefront sensor 102. For example, common wavefront sensors currently in use are based on Schemer disks, Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors, Hartmann screens, and Fizeau and Twymann-Green interferometers. Shack-Hartmann wavefront measurement systems are known in the art and are described in part in U.S. Patents Nos. 5,849,006; 6,261,220; 6,271,914 and 6,270,221. Such systems work by illuminating the retina of the eye and measuring the reflected wavefront. In many embodiments, the fixation target 110 can be selectively repositioned to provide selective redirection of the eye 10 to direct light from the visual stimulus to selected locations in the fovea 18, the parafovea 20, and / or the peripheral fovea 22 for measuring optical aberrations associated with each selected location of the retina via the wavefront sensor 102. Fixation target 110 may also be changed to reflect different viewing distances between eye 10 and fixation target 110 so as to induce different accommodations of eye 10 so that associated optical aberrations of eye 10 can be measured for any appropriate accommodation range of eye 10. Deformable mirror 106 may be controlled to apply an optical correction (e.g., that corresponds to a candidate optical correction) to enable evaluation of the optical correction for an image formed in the peripheral retina.

[0133] Fig.38A is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating one method for defining regions of the retina 16. Fig.38A , the proximal concavity 20 is subdivided into the illustrated regions, which include a proximal concavity nasal 20N, a proximal concavity tempo 20T, a proximal concavity upper portion 20S, and a proximal concavity lower portion 20I. The peripheral concavity 22 is subdivided into the illustrated regions, which include a peripheral concavity nasal 22N, a peripheral concavity tempo 22T, a peripheral concavity upper portion 22S, and a peripheral concavity lower portion 22I.

[0134] In many embodiments, different annular regions of an ophthalmic lens are configured to provide corresponding refractive optical corrections to images formed on associated regions of the retina. The optical correction provided by corresponding annular regions of the contact lens can be formulated based on the optical correction provided by the central region of the contact lens. As described herein, light incident on some regions of the peripheral retina can be a combination of light that passes through a central portion of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., an ophthalmic lens, contact lens, cornea, native lens, or intraocular lens) and light that passes through a peripheral portion of the ophthalmic lens.

[0135] Fig.38B An embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 150 (e.g., ophthalmic lens, contact lens, cornea, native lens, or intraocular lens) configured to inhibit myopia progression is shown. The ophthalmic lens 150 includes four annular zones. The ophthalmic lens 150 has a central zone 152, a nasal annular zone 154, a temporal annular zone 156, an upper annular zone 158, and a lower annular zone 160.

[0136] In many embodiments, central zone 152 is configured to provide suitable optical correction for the subject's central vision. For example, central zone 152 may have a sub-surface optical element formed in central zone 152 that provides suitable optical correction to the subject's central vision. As another example, central zone 152 may have an outer shape configured to provide suitable optical correction to the subject's central vision. As another example, central zone 152 may have any suitable combination of sub-surface optical elements and outer shapes formed in central zone 152 that combine to provide suitable optical correction to the subject's central vision.

[0137] Zones 152, 154, 156, 158, 160 may be configured to provide corresponding optical corrections to light incident on associated areas of the peripheral retina so as to inhibit the progression of myopia. For example, the nasal annular zone 154 may be configured to provide optical corrections to light incident on the peripheral concave temporal region 22T so as to inhibit the progression of myopia. The nasal annular zone 154 may be configured to provide optical corrections in combination with the optical corrections provided by the central zone 152 to provide combined optical corrections to light incident on the proximal concave temporal region 20T and / or the peripheral concave temporal region 22T so as to inhibit the progression of myopia. The temporal annular zone 156 may be configured to provide optical corrections to light incident on the peripheral concave nasal region 22N so as to inhibit the progression of myopia. The temporal annular zone 156 may be configured to provide optical correction in combination with the optical correction provided by the central zone 152 to provide a combined optical correction to light incident on the proximal concave nasal region 20N and / or the peripheral concave nasal region 22N so as to inhibit the progression of myopia. The upper annular zone 158 may be configured to provide optical correction to light incident on the peripheral concave lower region 22I so as to inhibit the progression of myopia. The upper annular zone 158 may be configured to provide optical correction in combination with the optical correction provided by the central zone 152 to provide a combined optical correction to light incident on the proximal concave lower region 20I and / or the peripheral concave lower region 22I so as to inhibit the progression of myopia. The lower annular zone 160 may be configured to provide optical correction to light incident on the peripheral concave upper region 22S so as to inhibit the progression of myopia. The lower annular zone 160 may be configured to provide optical correction in conjunction with the optical correction provided by the central zone 152 to provide a combined optical correction to light incident on the proximal concave upper region 20S and / or the peripheral concave upper region 22S in order to inhibit progression of myopia.

[0138] Other suitable methods may be used to define areas of the retina 16 and associated areas of the ophthalmic lens for providing optical correction to inhibit the progression of myopia. For example, Fig.39A is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating another suitable method for defining regions of the retina 16. Fig.39A In FIG. 1 , the retina 16 is subdivided into the fovea 18 and eight peripheral retinal areas (A to H). Fig.39B An ophthalmic lens 170 is shown having a central zone 152 and eight annular zones (A through H). Fig.39B Each of the eight annular regions shown can be configured to: Fig.39A The light on the associated area on the peripheral retina shown provides corresponding optical correction to inhibit the progression of myopia. For example, the annular zone (A) of the contact lens 170 can be configured to: Fig.39AThe annular zone (A) may be configured to provide optical correction in combination with the optical correction provided by the central zone 152 to provide optical correction for incident light on the peripheral retinal zone (A). Fig.39A Provides combined optical correction for light on the peripheral retinal area (A).

[0139] Fig.40A and Fig.40B Another method is shown that can be used to define areas of the retina 16 and associated areas of an ophthalmic lens for providing optical correction to inhibit the progression of myopia. Fig.40A In the figure, the retina 16 is subdivided into the fovea 18 and the peripheral retina 20 , 22 . Fig.40B An ophthalmic lens 180 is shown having a central zone 152 and a single continuous annular zone 182. The annular zone 182 may be configured to provide a corresponding optical correction to light incident on the peripheral retinas 20, 22 so as to inhibit the progression of myopia. The annular zone 182 may be configured to provide an optical correction in conjunction with the optical correction provided by the central zone 152 to provide a combined optical correction to light incident on the peripheral retinas 20, 22.

[0140] Fig.41 is a simplified schematic diagram of a method 200 of making an ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit myopia progression, according to an embodiment. Any suitable optical correction, method, and / or system, including those described herein, may be used to practice the method 200.

[0141] In act 202, optical aberrations of the subject's eye are measured for each of one or more locations in the peripheral retina of the eye. For example, system 100 may be used to measure optical aberrations for selected locations in the peripheral retina of the eye. In some embodiments, optical aberrations are measured for each of the selected locations in the range of appropriate accommodation levels of the eye. In some embodiments, optical aberrations of the eye are measured for one or more locations in the fovea 18 of the eye.

[0142] In act 204, an optical correction to inhibit myopia progression is determined for each of one or more locations in the peripheral retina of the eye. In many embodiments, each of the determined optical corrections to inhibit myopia progression is based on the corresponding optical aberration measured in act 202, and may partially correct or fully correct the corresponding optical aberration measured in act 202. In many embodiments, the optical correction to inhibit myopia progression determined for each location in the peripheral retina is configured to reduce the circumferential to radial aspect ratio of an image formed on an oppositely disposed first annular sector of the peripheral retina. In many embodiments, the optical correction to inhibit myopia progression determined for each location in the peripheral retina reduces optical anisotropy, which may be defined as the ratio of the horizontal area divided by the vertical area under a mean transfer function (MTF) curve between zero and 60 cycles / degree.

[0143] In action 206, an ophthalmic lens is designed that provides optical correction for inhibiting myopia progression for each of one or more locations in the peripheral retina. In some embodiments, the outer shape of the ophthalmic lens is defined as including a central zone and an annular zone surrounding the central zone. The outer surface shape of the central zone can be defined to provide some or all of the central vision correction to the eye. The outer surface shape of the central zone can also be configured to not provide any central vision correction. In embodiments where the outer shape of the central zone does not provide all central vision correction, a sub-surface refractive index change can be determined to form a sub-surface optical element in the central zone, which is configured to provide the remaining central vision correction not provided by the outer shape of the central zone. The outer surface shape of the annular zone can be defined to provide some or all of one or more optical corrections that inhibit myopia progression to one or more locations in the peripheral retina. The outer surface shape of the annular zone can also be configured to not provide any of the one or more optical corrections that inhibit myopia progression. In embodiments where the outer shape of the annular zone does not provide all of one or more optical corrections for inhibiting myopia progression, a sub-surface refractive index variation can be determined to form a sub-surface optical element in the annular zone that is configured to provide a remaining portion of one or more optical corrections for inhibiting myopia progression that is not provided by the outer shape of the annular zone.

[0144] In act 208, an ophthalmic lens is manufactured. In embodiments where the outer shape of the ophthalmic lens provides at least some of the central vision correction and / or at least some of one or more optical corrections that inhibit myopia progression, the ophthalmic lens may be manufactured to have a defined outer surface shape using any suitable known method, including but not limited to turning, cryo-turning, various moldings, three-dimensional printing, and any suitable additive manufacturing method. In embodiments of the ophthalmic lens including sub-surface optical elements, any suitable method may be used to form the sub-surface refractive index variation, such as the methods described herein and in U.S. Patent 8,932,352; U.S. Patent 9,939,558 and U.S. Patent Application Publication 2018 / 0206979; the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0145] Lasers and optical systems for forming subsurface optical elements

[0146] Fig.42 is a schematic representation of a laser and optical system 300 that can be used to modify a subsurface optical element configured to inhibit myopia progression according to an embodiment. The system 300 includes a laser source that includes a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser 312 (Kapteyn-Mumane Labs, Boulder, Colo.) pumped by a 4W frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 laser 314. The laser produces pulses with an average power of 300mW, a pulse width of 30fs, and a repetition rate of 93MHz at a wavelength of 800nm. Due to the presence of reflected power losses from mirrors and prisms in the optical path (and especially power losses from objective 320), the measured average laser power at the objective focus on the material is about 120mW, which indicates a pulse energy of about 1.3nJ for the femtosecond laser.

[0147] Due to the limited laser pulse energy at the focal point of the objective, the pulse width can be maintained so that the pulse peak power is strong enough to exceed the nonlinear absorption threshold of the ophthalmic lens. Because the large amount of glass inside the focusing objective significantly increases the pulse width (due to positive dispersion inside the glass), a compensation scheme can be used to provide negative dispersion that compensates for the positive dispersion introduced by the focusing objective. Two SF10 prisms 324 and 328 and an end mirror 332 form a two-way one prism pair configuration. The 37.5 cm separation distance between the prisms can be used to compensate for the dispersion of the microscope objective and other optical elements in the optical path.

[0148] A collinear autocorrelator 340 using third order harmonic generation was used to measure the pulse width at the focus of the objective. Both second and third harmonic generation have been used for autocorrelation measurements of low NA or high NA targets. The third order surface harmonic generation (THG) autocorrelation was chosen for characterizing the pulse width at the focus of high numerical aperture objectives due to its simplicity, high signal to noise ratio, and the increase in material dispersion (Jack) typically introduced by second harmonic generation (SHG) crystals. The THG signal was generated at the interface of air and a plain cover glass 342 (Corning No. 0211 titanium dioxide zinc glass) and measured with a photomultiplier tube 344 and a lock-in amplifier 346. After using a set of different high numerical aperture objectives and carefully adjusting the spacing between the two prisms and the amount of glass inserted, a transform limited 27 fs duration pulse was selected. The pulse was focused by a 60×0.70NA Olympus LUCPlanFLN long working distance objective 348.

[0149] Because the laser beam diverges spatially after leaving the laser cavity, a concave mirror pair 350 and 352 is added to the optical path to adjust the size of the laser beam so that the laser beam can optimally fill the objective lens aperture. A 3D 100nm resolution DC servo motor stage 354 (Newport VP-25XA linear stage) and a 2D 0.7nm resolution piezoelectric nanopositioning stage (P1 P-622.2CD piezoelectric stage) are controlled and programmed by a computer 356 to serve as a scanning stage for supporting and positioning an ophthalmic lens 357. The servo stages have DC servo motors so that they can move smoothly between adjacent steps. A computer-controlled optical shutter with a 1ms time resolution is installed in the system for precise control of the laser exposure time. Through a customized computer program, the optical shutter can be operated with the scanning stage to form subsurface optical elements in the ophthalmic lens 357 at different locations and depths with different scanning speeds and different laser exposure times. In addition, a CCD camera 358 and a monitor 362 are used next to the objective lens 320 to monitor the process in real time. The system 300 can be used to modify the refractive index of an ophthalmic lens to form a subsurface optical element that provides optical correction that inhibits myopia progression for each of one or more locations in the peripheral retina.

[0150] Fig.43 is a simplified schematic diagram of another system 430 for forming one or more sub-surface optical structures in an ophthalmic lens 410 according to an embodiment. The system 430 includes a laser beam source 432, a laser beam intensity control assembly 434, a laser beam pulse control assembly 436, a scanning / interfacing assembly 438, and a control unit 440.

[0151] The laser beam source 432 generates and emits a laser beam 446 having an appropriate wavelength for inducing a refractive index change in a target subvolume of the ophthalmic lens 410. In the example described herein, the laser beam 446 has a wavelength of 1035 nm. However, the laser beam 446 may have any suitable wavelength (e.g., in the range of 400 to 1100 nm) that is effective for inducing a refractive index change in a target subvolume of the ophthalmic lens 410.

[0152] The laser beam intensity control assembly 434 can be controlled to selectively vary the intensity of the laser beam 446 to produce a laser beam 48 of a selected intensity output to the laser beam pulse control assembly 436. The laser beam intensity control assembly 434 can have any suitable configuration (including any suitable existing configuration) to control the intensity of the resulting laser beam 448.

[0153] The laser beam pulse control assembly 436 may be controlled to generate collimated laser beam pulses 450 having appropriate duration, intensity, size, and spatial distribution for inducing a refractive index change in a target subvolume of the ophthalmic lens 410. The laser beam pulse control assembly 436 may have any suitable configuration, including any suitable existing configuration, to control the duration of the resulting laser beam pulses 450.

[0154] The scanning / interface assembly 438 can be controlled to selectively scan the laser beam pulses 450 to generate XYZ scanned laser pulses 474. The scanning / interface assembly 438 can have any suitable configuration (including any suitable existing configuration (e.g., Fig.44 The scanning / interface component 438 receives the laser beam pulses 450 and outputs the XYZ scanning laser pulses 474 in a manner that minimizes vignetting. The scanning / interface component 438 may be controllable to selectively scan each of the laser beam pulses 450 to generate XYZ scanning laser pulses 474 that are focused on a target subvolume of the ophthalmic lens 410 to induce a corresponding refractive index change in the target subvolume to form one or more sub-surface optical structures within the ophthalmic lens 410. In many embodiments, the scanning / interface component 438 is configured to constrain the position of the ophthalmic lens 410 to an appropriate degree to appropriately control the position of the target subvolume of the ophthalmic lens 410 relative to the scanning / interface component 438. In many embodiments (such as Fig.44 ), the scanning / interface assembly 438 includes a motorized Z-stage that is controlled to selectively control the depth within the ophthalmic lens 410 at which each of the XYZ scanned laser pulses 474 is focused.

[0155] The control unit 440 is operably coupled to each of the laser beam source 432, the laser beam intensity control assembly 434, the laser beam pulse control assembly 436, and the scanning / interface assembly 438. The control unit 440 provides coordinated control of each of the laser beam source 432, the laser beam intensity control assembly 434, the laser beam pulse control assembly 436, and the scanning / interface assembly 438 so that each of the XYZ scanned laser pulses 474 has a selected intensity and duration and is focused on a corresponding selected sub-volume of the ophthalmic lens 410 to form one or more sub-surface optical structures within the ophthalmic lens 410. The control unit 440 may have any suitable configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the control unit 440 includes one or more processors and a tangible memory device storing instructions that can be executed by the one or more processors to cause the control unit 440 to control and coordinate the operation of the laser beam source 432, the laser beam intensity control component 434, the laser beam pulse control component 436, and the scanning / interface component 438 to generate XYZ scanned laser pulses 474, each of which is synchronized with the spatial position of the sub-volume optical structure.

[0156] Fig.44 A simplified schematic diagram of an embodiment of a scanning / interface assembly 438 is shown. In the embodiment shown, the scanning / interface assembly 438 includes an XY galvo scanning unit 442, a relay optical assembly 444, a Z stage 466, an XY stage 468, a focusing objective 470, and a patient interface / ophthalmic lens holder 472. The XY galvo scanning unit 438 includes XY galvo scanning mirrors 454, 456. The relay optical assembly 440 includes concave mirrors 460, 461 and flat mirrors 462, 464.

[0157] The XY galvo scanning unit 442 receives laser pulses 450 (e.g., collimated laser pulses of 1035 nm wavelength) from the laser beam pulse control assembly 436. In the illustrated embodiment, the XY galvo scanning unit 442 includes a motorized X-direction scanning mirror 454 and a motorized Y-direction scanning mirror 456. The X-direction scanning mirror 454 is controlled to selectively change the orientation of the X-direction scanning mirror 454 to change the direction / position of the XY-scanning laser pulses 458 in the X-direction transverse to the propagation direction of the XY-scanning laser pulses 458. The Y-direction scanning mirror 456 is controlled to selectively change the orientation of the Y-direction scanning mirror 456 to change the direction / position of the XY-scanning laser pulses 458 in the Y-direction transverse to the propagation direction of the XY-scanning laser pulses 458. In many embodiments, the Y-direction is substantially perpendicular to the X-direction.

[0158] The relay optical assembly 440 receives the XY scanning laser pulses 458 from the XY galvanometer scanning unit 442 and transmits the XY scanning laser pulses 458 to the Z stage 466 in a manner that minimizes vignetting. The concave mirror 460 reflects each XY scanning laser pulse 458 to produce a converging laser pulse that is incident on the plane mirror 462. The plane mirror 462 reflects the converging XY scanning laser pulses 458 to the plane mirror 464. Between the plane mirror 462 and the plane mirror 464, the XY scanning laser pulses 458 are transformed from converging to diverging. The diverging laser pulses 458 are reflected by the plane mirror 464 onto the concave mirror 461. The concave mirror 461 reflects the laser pulses 458 to produce collimated laser pulses that are directed to the Z stage 466.

[0159] The Z-stage 466 receives the XY scanned laser pulses 458 from the relay optical assembly 442. In the illustrated embodiment, the Z-stage 466 and the XY-stage 468 are coupled to a focusing objective 470 and are controlled to selectively position the focusing objective 470 relative to the ophthalmic lens 410 for each of the XY scanned laser pulses 474 so as to focus the XYZ scanned laser pulses 474 onto a corresponding target sub-volume of the ophthalmic lens 410. The Z-stage 466 is controlled to selectively control the depth within the ophthalmic lens 410 to which the laser pulses are focused (i.e., the depth of the sub-surface volume of the ophthalmic lens 410 to which the laser pulses are focused to induce a change in the refractive index of the target sub-surface volume). The XY-stage 468 is controlled in conjunction with the control of the XY galvo scanning unit 442 so that the focusing objective 470 is appropriately positioned for the corresponding lateral position of each of the XY scanned laser pulses 458 received by the Z-stage 466. The focusing objective 470 focuses the laser pulses onto a target subsurface volume of the lens 410. The patient interface / ophthalmic lens holder 472 constrains the ophthalmic lens 410 in a fixed position to support scanning of the laser pulses 474 by the scanning / interface assembly 438 to form subsurface optical structures within the ophthalmic lens 410.

[0160] Defines subsurface optical elements for a specified optical correction

[0161] Figures 45 to 52 A process is shown that can be used to define a sub-surface optical element for a specified optical correction. Although the optical correction for inhibiting myopia progression in a subject using the methods described herein can be a combination of any suitable number of low-order optical corrections and / or any suitable number of high-order optical corrections, a single, simple 2-diopter optical correction is also shown. However, the same process can be used to define a sub-surface optical element of an ophthalmic lens for configuring the ophthalmic lens to provide an optical correction that inhibits myopia progression (such as any of the optical corrections described herein that inhibit myopia).

[0162] Fig.45The radial variation in lightwaves of a 2.0 diopter refractive index profile 510 according to an embodiment is shown. The lightwaves in this curve correspond to a design wavelength of 562.5 nm. In the illustrated embodiment, the 2.0 diopter refractive index profile 510 decreases from a maximum of 16.0 waves at the optical axis of the ophthalmic lens to 0.0 waves at a distance of 3.0 cm from the optical axis.

[0163] Fig.46 A 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512 corresponding to a 2.0 diopter refractive index profile 510 is shown. Each segment of the 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512 includes a tilted segment (512a to 512p). Except for the center segment, each of all segments of the 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512 includes a phase discontinuity (514b to 514p) with a height equal to 1.0 wave. The shape of each of the tilted segments (512a to 512p) is designed to match the corresponding covered segment (510a to 510p) of the 2.0 diopter refractive index profile 510. For example, tilt segment 512p matches coverage segment 510p; tilt segment 512o is equal to coverage segment 510o minus 1.0 wave; tilt segment 512n is equal to coverage segment 510n minus 2.0 waves; tilt segment 512a is equal to coverage segment 510a minus 15.0 waves. Each tilt segment corresponds to a Fresnel zone.

[0164] The 1.0 wave height of each of the phase discontinuities (514b to 514p) in profile 512 results in diffraction at the design wavelength that provides the same 2.0 diopter refractive correction as the 2.0 diopter refractive profile 510 while limiting the maximum phase to 1.0 wave.

[0165] The 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512 requires significantly lower total laser pulse energy to induce than the 2.0 diopter refractive index profile 510. The area under the 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512 is only about 5.2 percent of the area under the 2.0 diopter refractive index profile 510.

[0166] Fig.47A 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512 and an example scaled phase wrapped refractive index profile (for a selected maximum wave value) corresponding to the 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512 are shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the example scaled phase wrapped refractive index profile has a maximum wave value of 1 / 3 wave. Similar scaled phase wrapped refractive index profiles can be generated for other suitable maximum wave values ​​less than 1.0 wave (e.g., 3 / 4 wave, 5 / 8 wave, 1 / 2 wave, 1 / 4 wave, 1 / 6 wave). The 1 / 3 light wave maximum scaled phase wrapped refractive index profile 516 is equal to 1 / 3 of the 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512. The 1 / 3 light wave maximum scaled phase wrapped refractive index profile 516 is an alternative to the 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512 and utilizes a maximum refractive index value that provides an optical correction of a corresponding maximum 1 / 3 wave.

[0167] The 1 / 3 wave maximum scaled phase wrapped refractive index profile 516 requires less total laser pulse energy to induce than the 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512. The area under the 1 / 3 wave maximum scaled phase wrapped refractive index profile 516 is 1 / 3 of the area under the 1.0 wave phase wrapped refractive index profile 512. Three stacked layers of the 1 / 3 wave profile 516 can be used to produce the same optical correction as the 1.0 wave profile 512.

[0168] Fig.48 The diffraction efficiency for near focus 574 and far focus 576 is graphically shown relative to the phase change height. For phase change heights less than 0.25 waves, the diffraction efficiency for near focus is only about 10 percent. However, it is desirable to have a near focus diffraction efficiency significantly greater than 10 percent to limit the number of layers of sub-surface optical structure that are stacked to produce the desired overall optical correction. Larger phase change heights can be achieved by inducing larger refractive index changes in the target sub-volume of the ophthalmic lens 410. Larger refractive index changes in the target sub-volume of the ophthalmic lens 410 can be induced by increasing the energy of the laser pulse focused on the target sub-volume of the ophthalmic lens 410.

[0169] Fig.49 An example calibration curve 578 is graphically shown of the resulting phase change height as a function of laser pulse optical power. The calibration curve 578 shows the resulting phase change height versus laser average power for corresponding laser pulse duration, laser pulse wavelength, laser pulse repetition rate, numerical aperture, material of the ophthalmic lens 410, depth of target subvolumes, spacing between target subvolumes, scanning speed, and line spacing. The calibration curve 578 shows that increased laser pulse energy results in increased phase change height.

[0170] However, the laser pulse energy may be limited to avoid propagation of damage caused by the laser pulse energy and / or heat accumulation of the ophthalmic lens 410, or even between layers of the sub-surface optical element. In many instances, there is no observed damage during the formation of the first two layers of the sub-surface optical element, and damage begins to occur during the formation of the third layer of the sub-surface optical element. To avoid such damage, the sub-surface optical elements may be formed using a laser pulse energy below the pulse energy threshold of the material of the ophthalmic lens 410. However, using a lower pulse energy increases the number of layers of sub-surface optical elements required to provide the desired amount of resulting phase change height, thereby increasing the time required to form the total number of sub-surface optical elements 412 employed.

[0171] Fig.50 4 is a plan view of an ophthalmic lens 410 including one or more sub-surface optical elements 412 having a spatial variation in refractive index according to an embodiment. The one or more sub-surface elements 12 described herein can be formed in any suitable type of ophthalmic lens, including but not limited to intraocular lenses, contact lenses, corneas, eyeglass lenses, and native lenses (e.g., human native lenses). The one or more sub-surface optical elements 412 having a spatial variation in refractive index can be configured to provide appropriate refractive correction, which is configured to inhibit the progression of myopia, as described herein. In addition, the one or more sub-surface optical elements 412 having a spatial variation in refractive index can be configured to provide appropriate refractive correction to each of many optical aberrations (such as astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, spherical aberration, coma and trefoil), and any appropriate combination thereof.

[0172] Fig.51 4 is a plan view of one of the subsurface optical elements 412 of the ophthalmic lens 410. The subsurface optical element 412 is shown occupying a respective volume of the lens 410, which comprises an associated sub-volume of the lens 410. In many embodiments, the volume occupied by one of the optical elements 412 comprises a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion 414. Each of the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion 414 can be formed by focusing appropriate laser pulses within the respective portion 414 to induce a change in refractive index in the sub-volume of the lens 410 constituting the respective portion 414, such that each portion 414 has a respective refractive index profile.

[0173] In many embodiments, a refractive index profile is defined for each portion 414 forming the subsurface optical structure 412, such that the resulting subsurface optical structure 412 provides a desired optical correction. The refractive index profile of each portion 414 can be used to determine the parameters (e.g., laser pulse power (mW), laser pulse width (fs)) of a laser pulse that is focused onto the corresponding portion 414 to induce the desired refractive index profile in the portion 414.

[0174] Although in the illustrated embodiment, the portion 414 of the sub-surface optical structure 412 has a circular shape, the portion 414 may have any suitable shape and refractive index variation profile. For example, a single portion 414 having an overlapping spiral shape may be employed. In general, one or more portions 414 having any suitable shape may be distributed with intervening spaces to provide the desired optical correction for light incident on the sub-surface optical structure 412.

[0175] Fig.52 An embodiment is shown in which the subsurface optical element 412 is composed of several stacked layers that are spatially separated by intermediate layers. In the embodiment shown, the subsurface optical element 412 has a spatial distribution of refractive index variations. Fig.52 4 is a side view showing an example distribution of reflectivity variation in subsurface optical element 412. In the illustrated embodiment, subsurface optical element 412 may be formed using a raster scanning method in which each layer is formed sequentially starting from the bottom layer and upward. For each layer, the raster scanning method may sequentially scan the focal position of the laser pulse along a plane of constant Z dimension while varying the Y and X dimensions, such that the resulting layer has Fig.52 The flat cross-sectional shape shown in Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an ophthalmic lens 410 is shown. In a raster scanning method, the timing of the laser pulses may be controlled to direct each laser pulse onto a target subvolume of the ophthalmic lens 410, rather than directing the laser pulses onto non-target subvolumes of the ophthalmic lens 410, the non-target subvolumes including subvolumes of the ophthalmic lens 10 that do not form any of the sub-surface optical elements 412 (such as intermediate spaces between adjacent stacked layers that may form the sub-surface optical elements 412).

[0176] In the illustrated embodiment, there are three annular subsurface optical elements 412 having a distribution of varying refractive indices. Each of the illustrated subsurface optical elements 412 has a flat layer configuration and may be composed of one or more layers. If the subsurface optical structure is composed of more than one layer, the layers may be separated from each other by an intermediate layer spacing. However, each of the layers may alternatively have any other suitable general shape, including but not limited to any suitable non-planar surface or planar surface. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the subsurface optical elements 412 has a circular outer boundary. However, each of the subsurface optical elements 412 may alternatively have any other suitable outer boundary shape. Each of the subsurface optical elements 412 may include two or more separate portions 14, each of which covers a portion of the subsurface optical element 412.

[0177] Fig.53A , Fig.53B and Fig.53C Light is shown being transmitted through the central and peripheral zones of an ophthalmic lens onto a portion of the peripheral retina. Fig.53A is a simplified front view of eye 10 showing pupil 38 and surrounding iris 40 . Fig.53B is a simplified front view of an ophthalmic lens 190 having a central optical zone 192 , a peripheral optical zone 194 , and an outer zone 196 . Fig.53C 1 is a simplified off-axis view showing the relative contributions of the peripheral optical zone 194 to the peripheral retinal image and the central optical zone 194 to the peripheral retinal image. In view of the contribution of the central optical zone 194 to the peripheral retinal image, in some embodiments, the optical correction provided by the central optical zone 194 is considered when determining an optical correction for alleviating myopia for the peripheral optical zone 194. The optical correction provided by the central optical zone 194 can also be based in part on a desired correction of the peripheral retinal image provided by the central optical zone 194.

[0178] Fig.54A and Fig.54B The relative contribution of an example peripheral outer zone of an ophthalmic lens to the resulting peripheral retinal image is shown. Fig.54AA graph of the percentage of the peripheral annular zone 194 within a 4 mm diameter pupil is shown for a central optical zone 192 having a diameter of 4 mm. For peripheral viewing eccentricities up to 15 degrees, a 6 mm diameter peripheral annular zone 194 is large enough to maximize the percentage of the peripheral annular zone 194 within the pupil 38. For peripheral viewing eccentricities up to 20 degrees, a 7 mm diameter peripheral annular zone 194 is large enough to maximize the percentage of the peripheral annular zone 194 within the pupil 38. For peripheral viewing eccentricities up to 30 degrees, an 8 mm diameter peripheral annular zone 194 is large enough to maximize the percentage of the peripheral annular zone 194 within the pupil 38. The percentage of the peripheral annular zone 194 within the pupil 38 can be used to guide a particular user of the contact lens 24 in selecting the inner and outer diameters of the peripheral annular zone 194.

[0179] Fig.55 An example average change in aberration from 0 to 20 degrees of retinal eccentricity for a group of 10 normal individuals is shown. For the case of 20 degrees of nasal retinal eccentricity (i.e., peripheral vision), the retinal image quality of through-focus under white light was calculated. The overall image quality is defined as the average of the horizontal area and the vertical area under the modulation transfer function (MTF) from 0 to 60 cycles / degree. Optical anisotropy is a measure of the degree of rotational asymmetry in the image formed on the peripheral retina. Optical anisotropy is defined herein as the ratio of the horizontal area under the MTF divided by the vertical area, and is calculated for a 4 mm diameter circular pupil, which is an approximate value. At 20 degrees of nasal retinal eccentricity, a 4 mm diameter pupil is an ellipse with a 4 mm vertical axis and a 3.8 mm short (horizontal) axis. The defocus range evaluated is -3 to +3 diopters in increments of 0.125 diopters.

[0180] Example annular zone optical correction for inhibiting myopia progression

[0181] Fig.56 , Fig.57 , Fig.58 , Fig.59 , Fig.60 and Fig.61 The through-focus optical anisotropy and image quality for 20 degree viewing eccentricity plotted in were calculated for the four cases using an annular optical zone that provided 100% coverage of a 4 mm diameter pupil. Fig.54A It is shown that an annular optical zone with an inner diameter of 4 mm only covers about 35-45% of the pupil at 20 degrees of viewing eccentricity. Fig.56 , Fig.57 , Fig.58 , Fig.59 , Fig.60 and Fig.61The through focus optical anisotropy and image quality plotted for 20 degrees of viewing eccentricity slightly overestimate the changes in optical anisotropy and image quality provided. For ease of calculation, 100% coverage of the annular optical zone used for a 4 mm diameter pupil was assumed. The four cases calculated included: (1) a control case 402 with an average 20 degree nasal wavefront aberration for a 5 mm pupil obtained from 10 normal individuals whose peripheral aberrations were published in Zheleznyak et al., Journal of Vision, 20161; (2) cylindrical correction 404 applied only to the control case; (3) multifocal correction 406 applied to the control case with an increase in power of 1.5 diopters and an optical phase change of 0.4 waves; (4) cylindrical correction and multifocal correction 408 from #3 applied to the control case.

[0182] Fig.56 is a graph of peripheral retinal image asymmetry (20 degrees viewing eccentricity) over a range of accommodation levels (e.g., optical correction induced by contact lenses). The x-axis is the defocus or object distance in diopters. Diopters are reciprocal meters. The y-axis is the optical anisotropy, defined as the ratio of the horizontal area under the MTF (between 0 and 60 cycles / degree) divided by the vertical area. A y-axis value of 1 indicates rotational symmetry. A y-axis value greater than 1 indicates a horizontally elongated image. A y-axis value less than 1 indicates a vertically elongated image. The control case shows the greatest optical anisotropy. Cylindrical correction provides a substantial reduction in optical anisotropy.

[0183] Fig.57 is a graph of peripheral retinal image quality (20 degree viewing eccentricity) over a range of accommodation levels (e.g., optical correction induced by contact lenses). The x-axis is defocus or object distance in diopters. The y-axis is retinal image quality, defined as the average of the horizontal and vertical areas under the MTF (between 0 and 60 cycles / degree). The larger the y-axis value, the better the image quality. Cylindrical correction provides the best peak image quality. The combination of cylindrical correction and multifocal correction provides the greatest depth of focus and the lowest anisotropy (e.g., Fig.56 ).

[0184] Fig.58 , Fig.59 , Fig.60 and Fig.61 is a graph of the peripheral retinal image quality in the horizontal and vertical range of modulation under four conditions. Fig.58 is a graph of horizontal and vertical peripheral retinal image quality over a range of accommodation levels for a control condition 402 . Fig.59is a graph of horizontal and vertical peripheral retinal image quality over a range of accommodation levels for a control case utilizing an ophthalmic lens having a subsurface refractive optical element providing cylindrical correction 404 . Fig.60 is a graph of horizontal and vertical peripheral retinal image quality over a range of accommodation levels for a control case utilizing an ophthalmic lens having a subsurface refractive optical element providing bifocal correction 406 . Fig.61 408 is a graph of horizontal and vertical peripheral retinal image quality over a range of accommodation levels for a control case utilizing an ophthalmic lens having a subsurface refractive optical element providing cylindrical correction and bifocal correction 408. Cylindrical correction provides the best peak image quality. The combination of cylindrical correction and multifocal correction provides the greatest depth of focus and the lowest anisotropy (eg, Fig.56 ).

[0185] Any of the ophthalmic lenses 24, 150, 170, 180, 190 described herein can be configured to ensure correct orientation so that each of the annular zones is aligned with an associated area in the peripheral retina. For example, the contact lens can include any one or more suitable design features to rotate the contact lens to the correct orientation on the cornea. In some embodiments, the contact lens is weighted at the bottom to rotate and maintain the contact lens in the correct orientation on the cornea so that each annular zone in the contact lens is aligned with an associated area in the peripheral retina.

[0186] Example Embodiments

[0187] Example 1 is an ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit progression of myopia in a user having a retina including a central retina and a peripheral retina. The example 1 ophthalmic lens includes a central zone and an annular zone. The annular zone surrounds the central zone, and the annular zone includes a first annular sector configured to provide a first myopia-suppressing wavefront correction to light from a first peripheral vision zone of a user's peripheral field of vision. The first annular sector is configured to allow light from the first peripheral vision zone to pass through the first annular sector to form an image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular zone of the peripheral retina. The first myopia-suppressing wavefront correction is configured to reduce a first circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the first peripheral vision zone, and wherein the first circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as a circumferential length of the image of the first peripheral vision zone in a first circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the first peripheral vision zone in a first radial direction of the peripheral retina.

[0188] Example 2 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 1, wherein the first annular sector is disposed on an opposite side of the user's eye relative to the first annular region of the peripheral retina.

[0189] Example 3 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 1, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters to light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0190] Example 4 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 1, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter to light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0191] Example 5 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 1, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters to light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0192] Example 6 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 1, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters to light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0193] Example 7 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 1, further comprising an annular transition zone disposed between the central zone and the annular zone. The central zone is configured to provide an on-axis wavefront correction to a central retina. The annular transition zone is configured to provide an annular transition zone wavefront correction that transitions from the on-axis wavefront correction provided by the central zone to a first myopia suppression wavefront correction provided by the first annular sector.

[0194] Example 8 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 1, wherein the annular zone includes a first radial treatment zone and a second radial treatment zone. The first radial treatment zone surrounds the central zone and is configured to provide the first radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction to a first annular portion of the peripheral retina. The second radial treatment zone surrounds the first radial treatment zone and is configured to provide the second radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction to a second annular portion of the peripheral retina surrounding the first annular portion of the peripheral retina.

[0195] Example 9 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 1, wherein the annular zone includes a first treatment type zone and a second treatment type zone. The first treatment type zone is configured to increase the contrast of the peripheral retina. The second treatment type zone is configured to reduce the contrast of the peripheral retina.

[0196] Example 10 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 9, wherein the second treatment type zone is configured to induce scatter.

[0197] Example 11 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 10, wherein the second treatment type zone includes an optical element that forms a defocusing element.

[0198] Example 12 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 11, wherein each defocusing element has a diameter ranging from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm and has a power ranging from 1.0 diopters to 3.0 diopters of defocus.

[0199] Example 13 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 12, wherein the defocusing elements are arranged in a pattern with an inter-element spacing in a range of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.

[0200] Example 14 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 10, wherein the second treatment type zone includes a random sub-surface optical element configured to induce scattering.

[0201] Example 15 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 14, wherein the random sub-surface optical element is configured to induce a wavefront correction in a range between 0.1 waves and 1.0 waves at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0202] Example 16 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 1, further comprising a myopia suppressing compound incorporated to allow release into the user's eye over time.

[0203] Example 17 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 16, wherein the myopia suppressing compound comprises atropine.

[0204] Example 18 is the ophthalmic lens of any one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein the outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

[0205] Example 19 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 18, wherein the optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in amplitude in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0206] Example 20 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 19, wherein the thickness of the first annular sector varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0207] Example 21 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 19, wherein the optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector.

[0208] Example 22 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 21, wherein the optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0209] Example 23 is the ophthalmic lens of any one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein the outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of a first myopia suppression wavefront correction, and the first annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation that is configured to produce a second portion of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction.

[0210] Example 24 is the ophthalmic lens of any one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein the first annular sector comprises a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

[0211] Example 25 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 24, wherein the first myopia suppression wavefront correction has a phase wrapping configuration equivalent to a non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction, and the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0212] Example 26 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 25, wherein the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector.

[0213] Example 27 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 26, wherein the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0214] Example 28 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 1, wherein: (1) the annular zone further includes a second annular sector and a third annular sector, (2) the second annular sector is configured to provide a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a second peripheral vision zone of the peripheral field of vision, (3) the second annular sector is configured so that light from the second peripheral vision zone passes through the second annular sector to form an image of the second peripheral vision zone on the second annular zone of the peripheral retina, (4) the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction is configured to reduce a second circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the second peripheral vision zone, and (5) the second circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as the circumferential length of the image of the second peripheral vision zone in the second circumferential direction of the retina divided by the image of the second peripheral vision zone. in a second radial direction of the peripheral retina, (6) the third annular sector is configured to provide a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a third peripheral vision zone of the peripheral field of view, (7) the third annular sector is configured so that light from the third peripheral vision zone passes through the third annular sector to form an image of the third peripheral vision zone on a third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina, (8) the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction is configured to reduce a third circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the third peripheral vision zone, and (9) the third circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as the circumferential length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in the third circumferential direction of the retina divided by the radial length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in the third radial direction of the peripheral retina.

[0215] Example 29 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 28, wherein the first annular sector is disposed on an opposite side of the user's eye relative to the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina, the second annular sector is disposed on an opposite side of the user's eye relative to the second annular area of ​​the peripheral retina, and the third annular sector is disposed on an opposite side of the user's eye relative to the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0216] Example 30 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 28, wherein: (1) a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular zone of the peripheral retina, (2) a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a second positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for light from a second peripheral visual zone that passes through a second annular sector and forms an image of the second peripheral visual zone on a second annular zone of the peripheral retina, and (3) a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for light from a third peripheral visual zone that passes through a third annular sector and forms an image of the third peripheral visual zone on a third annular zone of the peripheral retina.

[0217] Example 31 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 28, wherein: (1) a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular zone of the peripheral retina, (2) a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for light from a second peripheral visual zone that passes through a second annular sector and forms an image of the second peripheral visual zone on a second annular zone of the peripheral retina, and (3) a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for light from a third peripheral visual zone that passes through a third annular sector and forms an image of the third peripheral visual zone on a third annular zone of the peripheral retina.

[0218] Example 32 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 28, wherein: (1) a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular zone of the peripheral retina, (2) a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for light from a second peripheral visual zone that passes through a second annular sector and forms an image of the second peripheral visual zone on a second annular zone of the peripheral retina, and (3) a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for light from a third peripheral visual zone that passes through a third annular sector and forms an image of the third peripheral visual zone on a third annular zone of the peripheral retina.

[0219] Example 33 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 28, wherein: (1) a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular zone of the peripheral retina, (2) a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for light from a second peripheral visual zone that passes through a second annular sector and forms an image of the second peripheral visual zone on a second annular zone of the peripheral retina, and (3) a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for light from a third peripheral visual zone that passes through a third annular sector and forms an image of the third peripheral visual zone on a third annular zone of the peripheral retina.

[0220] Example 34 is the ophthalmic lens of any one of Examples 28 to 33, wherein the outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce a first myopia suppression wavefront correction, the outer surface of the second annular sector is shaped to produce a second myopia suppression wavefront correction, and the inner surface of the third annular sector is shaped to be configured to produce a third myopia suppression wavefront correction.

[0221] Example 35 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 34, wherein the optical phase height of a first myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, the optical phase height of a second myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, and the optical phase height of a third myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0222] Example 36 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 35, wherein the thickness of the first annular sector varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, the thickness of the second annular sector varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, and the thickness of the third annular sector varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0223] Example 37 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 36, wherein the optical phase height of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the first annular sector, the optical phase height of the second myopia suppression wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the second annular sector, and the optical phase height of the third myopia suppression wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the third annular sector.

[0224] Example 38 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 37, wherein the optical phase height of a first myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens, the optical phase height of a second myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a second radial direction of the ophthalmic lens, and the optical phase height of a third myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a third radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0225] Example 39 is an ophthalmic lens of any one of Examples 28 to Example 33, wherein: (1) the outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of a first myopia suppression wavefront correction, (2) the first annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction, (3) the outer surface of the second annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of a second myopia suppression wavefront correction, (4) the second annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation, which is configured to produce a second portion of the second myopia suppression wavefront correction, (5) the outer surface of the third annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of a third myopia suppression wavefront correction, and (6) the third annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation, which is configured to produce a second portion of a third myopia suppression wavefront correction.

[0226] Example 40 is the ophthalmic lens of any one of Examples 28 to Example 33, wherein the first annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce at least a portion of a first myopia suppression wavefront correction, the second annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce at least a portion of a second myopia suppression wavefront correction, and the third annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce at least a portion of a third myopia suppression wavefront correction.

[0227] Example 41 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 40, wherein: (1) the first myopia suppression wavefront correction has a phase wrapping configuration equivalent to the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction, (2) the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in the circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, (3) the second myopia suppression wavefront correction has a phase wrapping configuration equivalent to the non-phase wrapping configuration of the second myopia suppression wavefront correction, (4) the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the second myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in the circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, (5) the third myopia suppression wavefront correction has a phase wrapping configuration equivalent to the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppression wavefront correction, and (6) the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in the circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0228] Example 42 is an ophthalmic lens of Example 41, wherein the optical phase height of a first myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapping configuration has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of a first annular sector, the optical phase height of a second myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapping configuration has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of a second annular sector, and the optical phase height of a third myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapping configuration has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of a third annular sector.

[0229] Example 43 is the ophthalmic lens of Example 42, wherein the optical phase height of a first myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapping configuration varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens, the optical phase height of a second myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapping configuration varies in a second radial direction of the ophthalmic lens, and the optical phase height of a third myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapping configuration varies in a third radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0230] Example 44 is the ophthalmic lens of any one of Examples 1 to 17, configured as a contact lens.

[0231] Example 45 is the ophthalmic lens of any one of Examples 1 to 17, configured as an intraocular lens.

[0232] Example 46 is a method of inhibiting progression of myopia in an eye having a retina including a central retina and a peripheral retina. The Example 46 method includes applying a first myopia inhibiting wavefront correction to light from a first peripheral vision zone of a peripheral field of a user of the ophthalmic lens through a first annular sector of the ophthalmic lens. The first annular sector is configured such that light from the first peripheral vision zone passes through the first annular sector to form an image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina. The first myopia inhibiting wavefront correction is configured to reduce a first circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the first peripheral vision zone. The first circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as a circumferential length of the image of the first peripheral vision zone in a first circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the first peripheral vision zone in a first radial direction of the peripheral retina.

[0233] Example 47 is the method of Example 46, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters to light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0234] Example 48 is the method of Example 46, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter to light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0235] Example 49 is the method of Example 46, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters to light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0236] Example 50 is the method of Example 46, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters to light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0237] Example 51 is the method of Example 46, further comprising applying an on-axis wavefront correction to a central retina via a central zone of an ophthalmic lens, and applying an annular transition zone wavefront correction transformed from the on-axis wavefront correction provided by the central zone to a first myopia suppression wavefront correction provided by the first annular sector via an annular transition zone of the ophthalmic lens arranged between the central zone and the first annular sector.

[0238] Example 52 is the method of Example 46, further comprising applying a first radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction to a first annular portion of the peripheral retina via a first radial treatment zone of an ophthalmic lens surrounding a central zone of the ophthalmic lens, and applying a second radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction to a second annular portion of the peripheral retina surrounding the first annular portion of the peripheral retina via a second radial treatment zone of the ophthalmic lens surrounding the first radial treatment zone of the ophthalmic lens.

[0239] Example 53 is the method of Example 46, further comprising increasing contrast in a first region of the peripheral retina via a first treatment type zone of the ophthalmic lens, and decreasing contrast in a second region of the peripheral retina via a second treatment type zone of the ophthalmic lens.

[0240] Example 54 is the method of Example 53, wherein reducing contrast of a second region of the peripheral retina includes inducing scatter via a second treatment type zone.

[0241] Example 55 is the method of Example 54, wherein the second treatment type zone includes an optical element that forms a defocusing element.

[0242] Example 56 is the method of Example 55, wherein each defocusing element has a diameter in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm and has a power in the range of 1.0 diopters to 3.0 diopters of defocus.

[0243] Example 57 is the method of Example 56, wherein the defocusing elements are arranged in a pattern with an inter-element spacing in the range of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.

[0244] Example 58 is the method of Example 54, wherein the second treatment type zone includes a random subsurface optical element configured to induce scattering.

[0245] Example 59 is the method of Example 58, wherein the random sub-surface optical element is configured to induce a wavefront correction in a range between 0.1 waves and 1.0 waves at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0246] Example 60 is the method of Example 46, further comprising releasing the myopia suppressing compound from the ophthalmic lens into the eye over time.

[0247] Example 61 is the method of example 60, wherein the myopia inhibiting compound comprises atropine.

[0248] Example 62 is the method of any one of Examples 46 to 61, wherein the outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

[0249] Example 63 is the method of Example 62, wherein the optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0250] Example 64 is the method of Example 63, wherein the thickness of the first annular sector varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0251] Example 65 is the method of Example 63, wherein the optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector.

[0252] Example 66 is the method of Example 65, wherein the optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0253] Example 67 is a method of any one of Examples 46 to 61, wherein an outer surface of a first annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of a first myopia suppression wavefront correction, and the first annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation that is configured to produce a second portion of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction.

[0254] Example 68 is the method of any one of Examples 46 to 61, wherein the first annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce at least a portion of a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

[0255] Example 69 is the method of Example 68, wherein the first myopia suppression wavefront correction has a phase wrapping configuration that is equal to a non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction, and the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0256] Example 70 is the method of Example 69, wherein the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector.

[0257] Example 71 is the method of Example 70, wherein the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0258] Example 72 is the method of Example 68, further comprising inducing the subsurface refractive index change with pulses of laser light, wherein each pulse of laser light has a duration in a range from 10 femtoseconds to 500 femtoseconds.

[0259] Example 73 is the method of Example 72, wherein each pulse of the laser has a wavelength of approximately 405 nm.

[0260] Example 74 is the method of Example 72, wherein each pulse of the laser has a wavelength of approximately 810 nm.

[0261] Example 75 is the method of Example 72, wherein each pulse of the laser has a wavelength of approximately 1035 nm.

[0262] Example 76 is the method of Example 75, wherein each pulse of the laser has a duration in a range from 15 femtoseconds to 50 femtoseconds.

[0263] Example 77 is the method of Example 46, wherein: (1) the ophthalmic lens includes a second annular sector and a third annular sector, (2) the second annular sector is configured to provide a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a second peripheral vision zone of the peripheral field of vision, (3) the second annular sector is configured so that light from the second peripheral vision zone passes through the second annular sector to form an image of the second peripheral vision zone on a second annular zone of the peripheral retina, (4) the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction is configured to reduce a second circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the second peripheral vision zone, and (5) the second circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as the circumferential length of the image of the second peripheral vision zone in the second circumferential direction of the retina divided by the circumferential length of the image of the second peripheral vision zone in the circumferential direction of the retina. The third annular sector is configured to provide a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a third peripheral vision zone of the peripheral field of view, (7) the third annular sector is configured so that light from the third peripheral vision zone passes through the third annular sector to form an image of the third peripheral vision zone on a third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina, (8) the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction is configured to reduce a third circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the third peripheral vision zone, and (9) the third circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as the circumferential length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in the third circumferential direction of the retina divided by the radial length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in the third radial direction of the peripheral retina.

[0264] Example 78 is the method of Example 77, wherein: (1) a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular zone of the peripheral retina, (2) a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a second positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for light from a second peripheral visual zone that passes through a second annular sector and forms an image of the second peripheral visual zone on a second annular zone of the peripheral retina, and (3) a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for light from a third peripheral visual zone that passes through a third annular sector and forms an image of the third peripheral visual zone on a third annular zone of the peripheral retina.

[0265] Example 79 is the method of Example 77, wherein: (1) a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular zone of the peripheral retina, (2) a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for light from a second peripheral visual zone that passes through a second annular sector and forms an image of the second peripheral visual zone on a second annular zone of the peripheral retina, and (3) a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for light from a third peripheral visual zone that passes through a third annular sector and forms an image of the third peripheral visual zone on a third annular zone of the peripheral retina.

[0266] Example 80 is the method of Example 77, wherein: (1) a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular zone of the peripheral retina, (2) a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for light from a second peripheral visual zone that passes through a second annular sector and forms an image of the second peripheral visual zone on a second annular zone of the peripheral retina, and (3) a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for light from a third peripheral visual zone that passes through a third annular sector and forms an image of the third peripheral visual zone on a third annular zone of the peripheral retina.

[0267] Example 81 is the method of Example 77, wherein: (1) a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through a first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular zone of the peripheral retina, (2) a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for light from a second peripheral visual zone that passes through a second annular sector and forms an image of the second peripheral visual zone on a second annular zone of the peripheral retina, and (3) a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for light from a third peripheral visual zone that passes through a third annular sector and forms an image of the third peripheral visual zone on a third annular zone of the peripheral retina.

[0268] Example 82 is a method of any one of Examples 77 to 81, wherein the outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce a first myopia suppression wavefront correction, the outer surface of the second annular sector is shaped to produce a second myopia suppression wavefront correction, and the inner surface of the third annular sector is shaped to produce a third myopia suppression wavefront correction.

[0269] Example 83 is the method of Example 82, wherein the optical phase height of a first myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, the optical phase height of a second myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, and the optical phase height of a third myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0270] Example 84 is the method of Example 83, wherein the thickness of the first annular sector varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, the thickness of the second annular sector varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, and the thickness of the third annular sector varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0271] Example 85 is the method of Example 84, wherein the optical phase height of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the first annular sector, the optical phase height of the second myopia suppression wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the second annular sector, and the optical phase height of the third myopia suppression wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the third annular sector.

[0272] Example 86 is the method of Example 85, wherein the optical phase height of a first myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens, the optical phase height of a second myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a second radial direction of the ophthalmic lens, and the optical phase height of a third myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a third radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0273] Example 87 is a method of any one of Examples 77 to 81, wherein: (1) the outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of a first myopia suppression wavefront correction, (2) the first annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction, (3) the outer surface of the second annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of a second myopia suppression wavefront correction, (4) the second annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation, which is configured to produce a second portion of the second myopia suppression wavefront correction, (5) the outer surface of the third annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of a third myopia suppression wavefront correction, and (6) the third annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation, which is configured to produce a second portion of a third myopia suppression wavefront correction.

[0274] Example 88 is a method of any one of Examples 77 to 81, wherein the first annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce a first myopia suppression wavefront correction, the second annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce a second myopia suppression wavefront correction, and the third annular sector includes a sub-surface refractive index variation configured to produce a third myopia suppression wavefront correction.

[0275] Example 89 is the method of Example 88, wherein: (1) the first myopia suppression wavefront correction has a phase wrapping configuration equivalent to the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction, (2) the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, (3) the second myopia suppression wavefront correction has a phase wrapping configuration equivalent to the non-phase wrapping configuration of the second myopia suppression wavefront correction, (4) the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the second myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens, (5) the third myopia suppression wavefront correction has a phase wrapping configuration equivalent to the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppression wavefront correction, and (6) the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0276] Example 90 is the method of Example 89, wherein the optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapping configuration has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the first annular sector, the optical phase height of the second myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapping configuration has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the second annular sector, and the optical phase height of the third myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapping configuration has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the third annular sector.

[0277] Example 91 is the method of Example 90, wherein the optical phase height of a first non-phase wrapping configuration for myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens, the optical phase height of a second non-phase wrapping configuration for myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a second radial direction of the ophthalmic lens, and the optical phase height of a third non-phase wrapping configuration for myopia suppression wavefront correction varies in a third radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

[0278] Example 92 is the method of any of Examples 46 to Example 61, wherein the ophthalmic lens includes a cornea and further includes modifying a first annular sector of the cornea to configure the first annular sector of the cornea to apply a first myopia suppression wavefront correction to light from a first peripheral visual zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0279] Example 93 is the method of any one of Examples 46 to Example 61, wherein the ophthalmic lens includes a native lens of an eye, and further includes modifying a first annular sector of the native lens to configure the first annular sector of the native lens to apply a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a first peripheral visual area that passes through the first annular sector and forms an image of the first peripheral visual area on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

[0280] Example 94 is the method of any one of Examples 46 to 61, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a contact lens.

[0281] Example 95 is the method of any one of Examples 46 to 61, wherein the ophthalmic lens includes an intraocular lens.

[0282] Other variations are within the spirit of the invention. Thus, while the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and described in detail above. However, it should be understood that this is not intended to limit the invention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary, is intended to cover all modifications, alternative constructions and equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.

[0283] The use of the terms "a", "an" and "the" and similar designations in the context of describing the present invention (especially in the context of the following claims) is intended to be interpreted as covering both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise specified herein or clearly contradictory to the context. The terms "include", "have", "include" and "cover" should be interpreted as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to"), unless otherwise noted. The term "connected" should be interpreted as being partially or entirely contained, attached, or combined together, even if there are some intermediaries. The recording of the value range herein is intended only to be used as a shorthand method for individually quoting each individual value falling within the range, unless otherwise specified herein, and each individual value is incorporated into this specification as if it were recorded separately in this specification. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order, unless otherwise specified herein or clearly contradictory to the context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., "such as") provided herein is intended only to better illustrate embodiments of the present invention, and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of the present invention, unless otherwise required. The language in this specification should not be interpreted as indicating that any unclaimed element is necessary for practicing the present invention.

[0284] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventor for implementing the present invention. Variations of these preferred embodiments become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects that those skilled in the art will adopt these variations as appropriate, and the inventor intends that the present invention be practiced in other forms other than those specifically described herein. Correspondingly, the present invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter described in the claims attached hereto, as permitted by applicable laws and regulations. In addition, any combination of the above-mentioned elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the present invention, unless otherwise stated herein or clearly contradictory to the context.

[0285] All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

Claims

1. An ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit progression of myopia in a user having a retina including a central retina and a peripheral retina, the ophthalmic lens comprising: Central area; as well as An annular zone, the annular zone surrounding the central zone and including a first annular sector, the first annular sector being configured to provide a first myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a first peripheral vision zone of the user's peripheral field of vision, wherein the first annular sector is configured to allow light from the first peripheral vision zone to pass through the first annular sector to form an image of the first peripheral vision zone on a first annular zone of the peripheral retina, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction is configured to reduce a first circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the first peripheral vision zone, and wherein the first circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as a circumferential length of the image of the first peripheral vision zone in a first circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the first peripheral vision zone in a first radial direction of the peripheral retina.

2. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, characterized in that The first annular sector is disposed on an opposite side of the user's eye relative to the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

3. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein: The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a first positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for the light from the first peripheral vision zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

4. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein: The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for the light from the first peripheral vision zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

5. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein: The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for the light from the first peripheral vision zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

6. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein: The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for the light from the first peripheral vision zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

7. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, further comprising an annular transition zone, the annular transition zone being disposed between the central zone and the annular zone, characterized in that: The central zone is configured to provide on-axis wavefront correction to the central retina; and The annular transition zone is configured to provide an annular transition zone wavefront correction that transitions from the on-axis wavefront correction provided by the central zone to the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction provided by the first annular sector.

8. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular area includes a first radial treatment area and a second radial treatment area; The first radial treatment zone surrounds the central zone and is configured to provide a first radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction to a first annular portion of the peripheral retina; The second radial treatment zone surrounds the first radial treatment zone and is configured to provide a second radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction to a second annular portion of the peripheral retina surrounding the first annular portion of the peripheral retina.

9. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular area includes a first treatment type area and a second treatment type area; The first treatment type zone is configured to increase contrast of the peripheral retina; and The second treatment type zone is configured to reduce contrast of the peripheral retina.

10. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 9, characterized in that The second treatment type zone is configured to induce scatter.

11. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 10, characterized in that The second treatment type zone comprises an optical element forming a defocusing element.

12. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, characterized in that Each of the defocusing elements has a diameter ranging from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm and has a power ranging from 1.0 diopters to 3.0 diopters of defocus.

13. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 12, characterized in that The defocusing elements are arranged in a pattern with an inter-element spacing ranging from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.

14. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 10, wherein: The second treatment type zone includes a random sub-surface optical element configured to induce scattering.

15. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 14, characterized in that The random subsurface optical element is configured to induce a wavefront correction in the range of 0.1 wave and 1.0 wave at a wavelength of 550 nm.

16. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 further comprising a myopia suppressing compound incorporated to allow release into the user's eye over time.

17. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 16, characterized in that The myopia inhibiting compound includes atropine.

18. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that The outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

19. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 18, wherein: The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in magnitude in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

20. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 19, wherein The thickness of the first annular sector varies in the first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

21. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 19, wherein: The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector.

22. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 21, characterized in that The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

23. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: The outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The first annular sector includes a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

24. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that The first annular sector includes a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

25. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 24, characterized in that: The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a phase wrapped configuration that is equivalent to a non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

26. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 25, characterized in that The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector.

27. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 26, characterized in that The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

28. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular region further includes a second annular sector and a third annular sector; the second annular sector being configured to provide a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a second peripheral vision zone of the peripheral field of view; the second annular sector being configured such that light from the second peripheral vision zone passes through the second annular sector to form an image of the second peripheral vision zone on a second annular area of ​​the peripheral retina; the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction being configured to reduce a second circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the second peripheral vision zone; the second circumferential to radial aspect ratio being defined as a circumferential length of the image of the second peripheral vision zone in a second circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the second peripheral vision zone in a second radial direction of the peripheral retina; The third annular sector is configured to provide a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a third peripheral vision zone of the peripheral field of view; the third annular sector being configured such that light from the third peripheral vision zone passes through the third annular sector to form an image of the third peripheral vision zone on a third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina; The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction is configured to reduce a third circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the third peripheral vision zone; and The third circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as a circumferential length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in a third circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in a third radial direction of the peripheral retina.

29. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 28, characterized in that: the first annular sector being disposed on an opposite side of the user's eye relative to the first annular region of the peripheral retina; The second annular sector is disposed on an opposite side of the eye of the user relative to the second annular area of ​​the peripheral retina; and The third annular sector is disposed on an opposite side of the eye of the user relative to the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

30. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 28, wherein: said first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a first positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for said light from said first peripheral visual zone that passes through said first annular sector and forms said image of said first peripheral visual zone on said first annular region of said peripheral retina; said second myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a second positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for said light from said second peripheral vision zone that passes through said second annular sector and forms said image of said second peripheral vision zone on said second annular region of said peripheral retina; and The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a third positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for the light from the third peripheral vision zone that passes through the third annular sector and forms the image of the third peripheral vision zone on the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

31. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 28, wherein: said first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for said light from said first peripheral visual zone that passes through said first annular sector and forms said image of said first peripheral visual zone on said first annular region of said peripheral retina; said second myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for said light from said second peripheral vision zone that passes through said second annular sector and forms said image of said second peripheral vision zone on said second annular region of said peripheral retina; and The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for the light from the third peripheral vision zone that passes through the third annular sector and forms the image of the third peripheral vision zone on the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

32. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 28, wherein: said first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for said light from said first peripheral visual zone that passes through said first annular sector and forms said image of said first peripheral visual zone on said first annular region of said peripheral retina; said second myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for said light from said second peripheral vision zone that passes through said second annular sector and forms said image of said second peripheral vision zone on said second annular region of said peripheral retina; and The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for the light from the third peripheral vision zone that passes through the third annular sector and forms the image of the third peripheral vision zone on the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

33. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 28, wherein: said first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for said light from said first peripheral visual zone that passes through said first annular sector and forms said image of said first peripheral visual zone on said first annular region of said peripheral retina; said second myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for said light from said second peripheral vision zone that passes through said second annular sector and forms said image of said second peripheral vision zone on said second annular region of said peripheral retina; and The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for the light from the third peripheral vision zone that passes through the third annular sector and forms the image of the third peripheral vision zone on the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

34. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that: the outer surface of the first annular sector being shaped to produce the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; the outer surface of the second annular sector is shaped to produce the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The outer surface of the third annular sector is shaped and configured to produce the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

35. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 34, characterized in that: The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; The optical phase height of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; and The optical phase height of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

36. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 35, characterized in that: The thickness of the first annular sector varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; The thickness of the second annular sector varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; and The thickness of the third annular sector varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

37. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 36, characterized in that: The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector; The optical phase height of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the second annular sector; and The optical phase height of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the third annular sector.

38. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 37, characterized in that: said optical phase height of said first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of said ophthalmic lens; The optical phase height of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a second radial direction of the ophthalmic lens; and The optical phase height of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a third radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

39. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that: an outer surface of the first annular sector shaped to produce a first portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; the first annular sector comprising a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; the outer surface of the second annular sector being shaped to produce a first portion of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; the second annular sector comprising a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; an outer surface of the third annular sector shaped to produce a first portion of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction; as well as The third annular sector includes a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

40. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that: the first annular sector comprising a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce at least a portion of the first myopia-suppressing wavefront correction; the second annular sector comprising a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce at least a portion of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The third annular sector includes a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce at least a portion of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

41. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 40, characterized in that: The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a phase wrapped configuration equivalent to a non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; The second myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a phase wrapped configuration that is equivalent to a non-phase wrapped configuration of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a phase-wrapped configuration that is equivalent to a non-phase-wrapped configuration of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

42. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 41, characterized in that: the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector; the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the second annular sector; and The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the third annular sector.

43. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 42, characterized in that: said optical phase height of said first myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapped configuration varies in a first radial direction of said ophthalmic lens; The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a second radial direction of the ophthalmic lens; and The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a third radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

44. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 1 to 17, configured as a contact lens.

45. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 1 to 17 configured as an intraocular lens.

46. ​​A method of inhibiting progression of myopia in an eye having a retina comprising a central retina and a peripheral retina, the method comprising: A first myopia suppressing wavefront correction is applied to light from a first peripheral vision zone of a peripheral field of vision of a user of the ophthalmic lens through a first annular sector of the ophthalmic lens, wherein the first annular sector is configured such that light from the first peripheral vision zone passes through the first annular sector to form an image of the first peripheral vision zone on a first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina, wherein the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction is configured to reduce a first circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the first peripheral vision zone, and wherein the first circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as a circumferential length of the image of the first peripheral vision zone in a first circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the first peripheral vision zone in a first radial direction of the peripheral retina.

47. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a first positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for the light from the first peripheral vision zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

48. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for the light from the first peripheral vision zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

49. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for the light from the first peripheral vision zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

50. The method of claim 46, wherein: The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for the light from the first peripheral vision zone that passes through the first annular sector and forms the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

51. The method of claim 46, further comprising: applying an on-axis wavefront correction to the central retina via a central zone of the ophthalmic lens; as well as An annular transition zone wavefront correction is applied, which transitions from the on-axis wavefront correction provided by the central zone to the first myopia suppression wavefront correction provided by the first annular sector via an annular transition zone of the ophthalmic lens disposed between the central zone and the first annular sector.

52. The method of claim 46, further comprising: applying a first radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction to a first annular portion of the peripheral retina via a first radial treatment zone of the ophthalmic lens surrounding a central zone of the ophthalmic lens; as well as A second radial treatment zone myopia suppressing wavefront correction is applied to a second annular portion of the peripheral retina surrounding the first annular portion of the peripheral retina via a second radial treatment zone of the ophthalmic lens surrounding the first radial treatment zone of the ophthalmic lens.

53. The method of claim 46, further comprising: increasing contrast in a first region of the peripheral retina via a first treatment type zone of the ophthalmic lens; as well as Contrast in a second region of the peripheral retina is reduced via a second treatment type zone of the ophthalmic lens.

54. The method according to claim 53, characterized in that Reducing contrast in the second region of the peripheral retina includes inducing scatter via the second treatment type zone.

55. The method according to claim 54, characterized in that The second treatment type zone comprises an optical element forming a defocusing element.

56. The method according to claim 55, characterized in that Each of the defocusing elements has a diameter ranging from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm and has a power ranging from 1.0 diopters to 3.0 diopters of defocus.

57. The method of claim 56, wherein the defocusing elements are arranged in a pattern with an inter-element spacing ranging from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.

58. The method according to claim 54, characterized in that The second treatment type zone includes a random sub-surface optical element configured to induce scattering.

59. The method according to claim 58, characterized in that The random subsurface optical element is configured to induce a wavefront correction in the range of 0.1 wave and 1.0 wave at a wavelength of 550 nm.

60. The method of claim 46, further comprising releasing a myopia suppressing compound from the ophthalmic lens into the eye over time.

61. The method according to claim 60, characterized in that The myopia inhibiting compound includes atropine.

62. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 61, characterized in that The outer surface of the first annular sector is shaped to produce the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

63. The method according to claim 62, characterized in that The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

64. The method according to claim 63, characterized in that The thickness of the first annular sector varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

65. The method according to claim 63, characterized in that The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector.

66. The method according to claim 65, characterized in that The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

67. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 61, characterized in that: an outer surface of the first annular sector shaped to produce a first portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The first annular sector includes a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

68. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 61, characterized in that: The first annular sector includes a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce at least a portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

69. The method according to claim 68, characterized in that: The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a phase wrapped configuration that is equivalent to a non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

70. The method according to claim 69, characterized in that The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector.

71. The method according to claim 70, characterized in that The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

72. The method of claim 68, further comprising inducing the subsurface refractive index change with pulses of laser light, wherein each of the pulses of laser light has a duration in a range from 10 femtoseconds to 500 femtoseconds.

73. The method according to claim 72, characterized in that Each of the pulses of laser light has a wavelength of approximately 405 nm.

74. The method according to claim 72, characterized in that Each of the pulses of laser light has a wavelength of approximately 810 nm.

75. The method of claim 72, wherein: Each of the pulses of laser light has a wavelength of approximately 1035 nm.

76. The method according to claim 75, characterized in that Each of the laser pulses has a duration in the range from 15 femtoseconds to 50 femtoseconds.

77. The method of claim 46, wherein: The ophthalmic lens comprises a second annular sector and a third annular sector; the second annular sector being configured to provide a second myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a second peripheral vision zone of the peripheral field of view; the second annular sector being configured such that light from the second peripheral vision zone passes through the second annular sector to form an image of the second peripheral vision zone on a second annular area of ​​the peripheral retina; the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction being configured to reduce a second circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the second peripheral vision zone; the second circumferential to radial aspect ratio being defined as a circumferential length of the image of the second peripheral vision zone in a second circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the second peripheral vision zone in a second radial direction of the peripheral retina; The third annular sector is configured to provide a third myopia suppressing wavefront correction to light from a third peripheral vision zone of the peripheral field of view; the third annular sector being configured such that light from the third peripheral vision zone passes through the third annular sector to form an image of the third peripheral vision zone on a third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina; The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction is configured to reduce a third circumferential to radial aspect ratio of the image of the third peripheral vision zone; and The third circumferential to radial aspect ratio is defined as a circumferential length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in a third circumferential direction of the retina divided by a radial length of the image of the third peripheral vision zone in a third radial direction of the peripheral retina.

78. The method of claim 77, wherein: said first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a first positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for said light from said first peripheral visual zone that passes through said first annular sector and forms said image of said first peripheral visual zone on said first annular region of said peripheral retina; said second myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a second positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for said light from said second peripheral vision zone that passes through said second annular sector and forms said image of said second peripheral vision zone on said second annular region of said peripheral retina; and The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a third positive spherical correction of at least 0.5 diopters for the light from the third peripheral vision zone that passes through the third annular sector and forms the image of the third peripheral vision zone on the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

79. The method of claim 77, wherein: said first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for said light from said first peripheral visual zone that passes through said first annular sector and forms said image of said first peripheral visual zone on said first annular region of said peripheral retina; said second myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for said light from said second peripheral vision zone that passes through said second annular sector and forms said image of said second peripheral vision zone on said second annular region of said peripheral retina; and The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction includes a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.0 diopter for the light from the third peripheral vision zone that passes through the third annular sector and forms the image of the third peripheral vision zone on the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

80. The method of claim 77, wherein: said first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for said light from said first peripheral visual zone that passes through said first annular sector and forms said image of said first peripheral visual zone on said first annular region of said peripheral retina; said second myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for said light from said second peripheral vision zone that passes through said second annular sector and forms said image of said second peripheral vision zone on said second annular region of said peripheral retina; and The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.25 diopters for the light from the third peripheral vision zone that passes through the third annular sector and forms the image of the third peripheral vision zone on the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

81. The method of claim 77, wherein: said first myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprising a first positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for said light from said first peripheral visual zone that passes through said first annular sector and forms said image of said first peripheral visual zone on said first annular region of said peripheral retina; said second myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a second positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for said light from said second peripheral vision zone that passes through said second annular sector and forms said image of said second peripheral vision zone on said second annular region of said peripheral retina; and The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction comprises a third positive spherical correction of at least 1.5 diopters for the light from the third peripheral vision zone that passes through the third annular sector and forms the image of the third peripheral vision zone on the third annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

82. The method according to any one of claims 77 to 81, characterized in that: the outer surface of the first annular sector being shaped to produce the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; the outer surface of the second annular sector being shaped to produce the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The outer surface of the third annular sector is shaped to produce the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

83. The method according to claim 82, characterized in that: The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; The optical phase height of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; and The optical phase height of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

84. The method of claim 83, wherein: The thickness of the first annular sector varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; The thickness of the second annular sector varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; and The thickness of the third annular sector varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

85. The method of claim 84, wherein: The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector; The optical phase height of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the second annular sector; and The optical phase height of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in the central portion of the third annular sector.

86. The method of claim 85, wherein: The optical phase height of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first radial direction of the ophthalmic lens; The optical phase height of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a second radial direction of the ophthalmic lens; and The optical phase height of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a third radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

87. The method according to any one of claims 77 to 81, characterized in that: an outer surface of the first annular sector shaped to produce a first portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; the first annular sector comprising a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; the outer surface of the second annular sector being shaped to produce a first portion of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; the second annular sector comprising a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; The outer surface of the third annular sector is shaped to produce a first portion of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The third annular sector includes a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce a second portion of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

88. The method according to any one of claims 77 to 81, characterized in that: the first annular sector comprising a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; the second annular sector comprises a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The third annular sector includes a subsurface refractive index variation configured to produce the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction.

89. The method according to claim 88, characterized in that: The first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a phase wrapped configuration equivalent to a non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction; The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a first circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; The second myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a phase wrapped configuration that is equivalent to a non-phase wrapped configuration of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction; The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a second circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens; The third myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a phase-wrapped configuration that is equivalent to a non-phase-wrapped configuration of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction; and The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a third circumferential direction of the ophthalmic lens.

90. The method of claim 89, wherein: the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the first annular sector; the optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the second annular sector; and The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction has a maximum absolute height in a central portion of the third annular sector.

91. The method according to claim 90, characterized in that: said optical phase height of said first myopia suppressing wavefront corrected non-phase wrapped configuration varies in a first radial direction of said ophthalmic lens; The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapped configuration of the second myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a second radial direction of the ophthalmic lens; and The optical phase height of the non-phase wrapping configuration of the third myopia suppressing wavefront correction varies in a third radial direction of the ophthalmic lens.

92. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 61, characterized in that The ophthalmic lens includes a cornea and further includes modifying a first annular sector of the cornea to configure the first annular sector of the cornea to apply the first myopia suppressing wavefront correction to the light from the first peripheral vision zone, the light passing through the first annular sector and forming the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

93. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 61, characterized in that The ophthalmic lens includes a native lens of the eye and further includes modifying a first annular sector of the native lens to configure the first annular sector of the native lens to apply the first myopia-suppressing wavefront correction to the light from the first peripheral vision zone, the light passing through the first annular sector and forming the image of the first peripheral vision zone on the first annular area of ​​the peripheral retina.

94. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 61, characterized in that The ophthalmic lens comprises a contact lens.

95. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 61, characterized in that The ophthalmic lens comprises an intraocular lens.

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