Method for evaluating olfactory system based on imagination and perception

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception, comprising: adjusting the dominant eye based on overlapping objects A and B so that the user has a similar probability of seeing each object with one eye; transmitting the odor corresponding to object A or object B to the user's nasal cavity (olfactory perception stage) or guiding the user to imagine the corresponding object by displaying a prompt word corresponding to object A or object B on the screen (olfactory imagination stage); after a preset time, cutting off the olfactory stimulus or instructing the user to stop olfactory imagination, and presenting a pattern of objects A and B overlapping to obtain the object currently seen by the user; repeating the triggering a preset number of times to obtain multiple experimental results; and statistically analyzing the obtained multiple experimental results to obtain the priming effect size using binocular rivalry to evaluate the current user's olfactory system. The present invention is mainly based on olfactory imagination and olfactory perception functions, and analyzes two main olfactory function tests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of olfactory detection, and in particular to a method for evaluating an olfactory system based on imagination and perception. Background Art

[0002] Olfactory impairment is an early manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), occurring earlier than the deterioration of other senses such as hearing and vision. This deterioration is accompanied by damage to, reduction in, and biochemical changes in the olfactory cortex, leading to decreased olfactory function. Lesions or degeneration in brain regions such as the olfactory cortex and hippocampus are one of the primary causes of early cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Therefore, quantitative assessment and screening of the olfactory system are particularly important.

[0003] The olfactory system typically encompasses two dimensions: olfactory perception and olfactory imagination. Existing olfactory assessment systems often focus on deficiencies in olfactory perception while neglecting the dimension of olfactory imagination. Furthermore, current scientific research assesses olfactory perception and olfactory imagination based on subjective reports, lacking objective evaluation tools and systems.

[0004] Patent document CN115736841A (application number: 202211583930.5) discloses an olfactory test card and olfactory test method, comprising a test card body consisting of an upper and lower splint, the front of the upper splint being fixedly mounted to the front of the lower splint, and a gas guide tube assembly fixedly connected between the upper and lower splints. This invention realizes that when the odor storage element is pressed, the pressing end of the releaser and its bottom downward pressing spiral piece will penetrate the axis of the rotating kit at the bottom, driving the rotating kit and its outer acetate bundle ring to rotate rapidly, thereby causing the volatile liquid reagent contained in the acetate bundle ring to be ejected due to centrifugal force. The rapid rotation of the rotating kit and the acetate bundle ring will also cause gas disturbances in the storage chamber, thereby accelerating the flow of air on the surface of the volatile liquid reagent and thus accelerating the volatilization rate. The tester can then use the gas guide tube assembly to quickly inhale gas containing a specific odor for olfactory testing, greatly improving the efficiency of the olfactory test.

[0005] The olfactory system assessment method proposed in this paper can provide a quantitative and objective assessment of the olfactory system across two dimensions: olfactory perception and olfactory imagination. Furthermore, this assessment method is rapid, simple, economical, and highly reliable, possessing high practical application value, enabling rapid and safe quantitative assessment of an individual's olfactory system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception.

[0007] According to the present invention, a method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception is provided, comprising:

[0008] Step S1: displaying the object image corresponding to color A and the object image corresponding to color B on the screen in an overlapping manner;

[0009] Step S2: performing dominant eye adjustment based on the overlapping object images corresponding to color A and color B, so that the probability of the individual seeing the object with one eye is equal;

[0010] Step S3: When the user can only see the object image of color A or color B with one eye, the object corresponding to color A or the object corresponding to color B is stimulated to the user in a preset manner. After a preset time, the stimulation source is cut off, and the pattern currently seen by the user is obtained by pressing a key. Step S3 is triggered repeatedly for a preset number of times to obtain multiple experimental results.

[0011] Step S4: Statistically analyzing the obtained multiple experimental results to obtain a priming effect size using binocular rivalry to evaluate the current user's olfactory system.

[0012] Preferably, step S2 adopts the following steps: dimming the ambient brightness so that the ambient brightness meets a preset condition; in the current darkroom state, the user starts a program test; the object image corresponding to color A and the object image corresponding to color B are displayed overlapping on the screen, the user sees the pattern at first glance, presses the key corresponding to the pattern seen, and counts the probability of seeing the object images corresponding to different colors n times. When the probability of an individual seeing the object with one eye is different, the transparency and contrast values ​​of the two images are adjusted, and the process is repeated until the probability of an individual seeing the object with one eye is the same.

[0013] Preferably, step S3 adopts: transmitting the odor corresponding to the object image corresponding to color A or the object image corresponding to color B to the user's nasal cavity, guiding the user to olfactory perceive the corresponding object; and / or displaying the prompt word corresponding to the object corresponding to color A or the object corresponding to color B on the screen, guiding the user to olfactory imagine the corresponding object.

[0014] Preferably, the olfactory device is controlled to emit a corresponding smell through a control program; or the display screen is controlled to display a corresponding prompt word through a control program.

[0015] Preferably, step S4 comprises: transmitting the odor corresponding to the object image corresponding to color A to the user's nasal cavity multiple times to guide the user to olfactory perceive the corresponding object; and / or displaying a prompt word corresponding to the object corresponding to color A on a screen to guide the user to olfactory imagine the corresponding object; statistically analyzing the probability that the user sees the object image corresponding to color A in the overlapping image as N%, and the current probability N% is the priming effect of binocular rivalry, and evaluating the current user's olfactory system using the current priming effect of binocular rivalry;

[0016] The odor corresponding to the object image corresponding to color B is transmitted to the user's nasal cavity multiple times to guide the user to olfactory perceive the corresponding object; and / or a prompt word corresponding to the object corresponding to color B is displayed on the screen to guide the user to olfactory imagine the corresponding object; statistical analysis shows that the probability of the user seeing the object image corresponding to color B in the overlapping image is M%, and the current probability M% is the priming effect of binocular rivalry. The current priming effect of binocular rivalry is used to evaluate the current user's olfactory system.

[0017] Preferably, after a preset time, the stimulus source is cut off, and at the same time, the object image corresponding to color A and the object image corresponding to color B on the screen disappear, and the preset evaluation options of the image are displayed on the screen, thereby obtaining the evaluation of the corresponding image provided by the user; based on the self-evaluation scale score, it is verified that the olfactory perception ability and the priming effect of binocular rivalry show a significant strong correlation, and the olfactory imagination ability and the priming effect amount of binocular rivalry show a significant strong correlation.

[0018] Preferably, the preset evaluation options include: 1 represents no picture at all, 2 represents blurry picture, 3 represents moderately clear and vivid picture, and 4 represents very clear and vivid picture.

[0019] Preferably, the more significant the priming effect of binocular rivalry is, the stronger the individual's olfactory perception or olfactory imagination ability is.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention only uses a computer and a dedicated olfactory odor providing device, which is low in cost;

[0022] 2. The odor supply of the present invention uses a computer control system to control the supply of odor gas and the test process according to the program and demand, and the odor supply time can be adjusted by the program. The whole process is fully programmed and automated;

[0023] 3. The main program uses a computer control system to intelligently control the test process and display the specified test screens, prompt symbols and prompts according to the program, and the program controls the display time of various test pictures;

[0024] 4. Based on the image displayed by the main program, the computer program synchronously controls the timing of the image display and the odor application;

[0025] 5. The present invention also mainly utilizes the function of olfactory imagination, from two main olfactory function test analysis;

[0026] 6. The method of the present invention integrates multi-dimensional and multi-technical theoretical support methods such as olfactory perception, olfactory imagination, graphics, and color. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the object image corresponding to color A and the object image corresponding to color B.

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of partially translucent overlap of an object image corresponding to color A and an object image corresponding to color B.

[0030] Figure 3 Flowchart of the method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] According to the present invention, a method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception is provided, comprising:

[0034] Step S1: displaying the object image corresponding to color A and the object image corresponding to color B on the screen in an overlapping manner;

[0035] Step S2: performing dominant eye adjustment based on the overlapping object images corresponding to color A and color B, so that the probability of the individual seeing the object with one eye is equal;

[0036] Step S3: When the user can only see the object image of color A or color B with one eye, the object corresponding to color A or the object corresponding to color B is stimulated to the user in a preset manner. After a preset time, the stimulation source is cut off, and the pattern currently seen by the user is obtained by pressing a key. Step S3 is triggered repeatedly for a preset number of times to obtain multiple experimental results.

[0037] Step S4: Statistically analyzing the obtained multiple experimental results to obtain a priming effect size using binocular rivalry to evaluate the current user's olfactory system.

[0038] Specifically, step S2 adopts the following steps: dimming the ambient brightness so that the ambient brightness meets a preset condition; in the current darkroom state, the user starts a program test; the object image corresponding to color A and the object image corresponding to color B are displayed overlapping on the screen, the user sees the pattern at first glance, presses the key corresponding to the pattern seen, and counts the probability of seeing the object image corresponding to different colors n times. When the probability of an individual seeing the object with one eye is different, the transparency and contrast values ​​of the two images are adjusted, and the process is repeated until the probability of an individual seeing the object with one eye is the same.

[0039] Specifically, step S3 adopts: transmitting the object image corresponding to color A or the odor corresponding to the object image corresponding to color B to the user's nasal cavity, guiding the user to olfactory perceive the corresponding object; and / or displaying the prompt word corresponding to the object corresponding to color A or the object corresponding to color B on the screen, guiding the user to olfactory imagine the corresponding object; based on this, the present invention can perform quantitative and objective evaluation of the olfactory system around the two dimensions of olfactory perception and olfactory imagination.

[0040] Specifically, the control program controls the olfactory device to send out a corresponding smell; or the control program controls the display screen to display a corresponding prompt word.

[0041] Specifically, step S4 comprises: transmitting the odor corresponding to the object image corresponding to color A to the user's nasal cavity multiple times to guide the user to olfactory perceive the corresponding object; and / or displaying a prompt word corresponding to the object corresponding to color A on a screen to guide the user to olfactory imagine the corresponding object; statistically analyzing the probability N% that the user sees the object image corresponding to color A in the overlapping image, and using the current probability N% as the priming effect of binocular rivalry to evaluate the current user's olfactory system;

[0042] The odor corresponding to the object image corresponding to color B is transmitted to the user's nasal cavity multiple times to guide the user to olfactory perceive the corresponding object; and / or a prompt word corresponding to the object corresponding to color B is displayed on the screen to guide the user to olfactory imagine the corresponding object; statistical analysis shows that the probability of the user seeing the object image corresponding to color B in the overlapping image is M%, and the current probability M% is the priming effect of binocular rivalry. The current priming effect of binocular rivalry is used to evaluate the current user's olfactory system.

[0043] Specifically, after a preset time, the stimulus source is cut off, and at the same time, the object image corresponding to color A and the object image corresponding to color B on the screen disappear, and the preset evaluation options of the image are displayed on the screen, thereby obtaining the evaluation of the image corresponding to the olfactory perception or imagination provided by the user; based on the scores of the self-evaluation scale, it is verified that the olfactory perception ability and the priming effect of binocular rivalry show a significant strong correlation, and the olfactory imagination ability and the priming effect of binocular rivalry show a significant strong correlation.

[0044] Specifically, the preset evaluation options include: 1 represents no picture at all, 2 represents blurry picture, 3 represents moderately clear and vivid picture, and 4 represents very clear and vivid picture.

[0045] Specifically, the more significant the priming effect of binocular rivalry, the stronger the individual's olfactory perception or olfactory imagination ability.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] Example 2 is a preferred example of Example 1

[0048] According to the present invention, a method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception is provided. Figure 1-3 As shown, including:

[0049] In this embodiment, a quantitative objective evaluation of the olfactory system is performed based on the two dimensions of olfactory perception and olfactory imagination. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0050] During the test, the subject will wear a pair of red-green glasses, through which the subject will only see red or green objects (e.g. Figure 1 As shown, the present invention uses a red rose and a green marker, and the present invention is not limited to only these two graphics, smells), and the two pictures are overlapped and displayed on the display screen, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 After the dominant eye adjusts, the probability of seeing the object in each eye is equal, that is, there is a 50% probability of seeing the red rose and a 50% probability of seeing the green marker.

[0051] Olfactory perception assessment (such as Figure 3As shown in (A), the perception of odor has a priming effect on subsequent binocular rivalry.

[0052] The display screen is fixed on the table, as perpendicular as possible to the table. The subject is 40cm-70cm away from the screen. The subject supports their chin with a bracket, remains as stable and still as possible, wears red and green glasses, and looks straight ahead and roughly at the center of the screen. The computer host is connected to two manual operation keyboards: the left keyboard has 1 to 4 keys (respectively; 1 represents no picture at all, 2 represents a fuzzy picture, 3 represents a moderately clear and vivid picture, and 4 represents a very clear and vivid picture, mainly used when judging vividness) and the right keyboard has 3 keys (respectively, red, green, and mixed color keys, mainly used when adjusting the dominant eye). The above 1-4 keys can also be moved to the right after the dominant eye is adjusted according to user habits and operated by the right hand.

[0053] First, the dominant eye is adjusted. The specific implementation process is as follows: dim the ambient brightness. In a dark room, the subject (or the tester) presses the "S" start key on the computer keyboard to start the program test. Two pictures are displayed overlapping on the display screen. The subject determines the color of the pattern seen at first glance. Press the relevant key (if the green pattern appears to be more dominant, press the "Green" key with the middle finger of the right hand. If you really can't judge which color appears to be more dominant, press the "Mixed" key with the ring finger of the right hand. This is not limited to monotonous green, but can also be adjusted to red, etc.). If the probability of the object being seen by the current individual's single eye is different, adjust the transparency and contrast values ​​of the two pictures and repeat the process until the probability of the individual's single eye seeing the object is equal, that is, there is a 50% probability of seeing a red rose and a 50% probability of seeing a green marker.

[0054] Next, the olfactory perception test is conducted. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0055] Step S1: The present invention includes a dedicated test program. This program controls the display of a "+" sign on the screen according to the specified requirements to alert the subject and initiate the test. The program controls the olfactory device to deliver the corresponding "rose" scent into the subject's nasal cavity when the "+" sign appears. This lasts for 6 seconds or as required. After 6 seconds, the "+" sign disappears, and the next step begins.

[0056] Step S2: The program displays a red rose and a green marker on the screen. Simultaneously, the program controls the olfactory device to continuously deliver the corresponding "rose" scent to the subject's nasal cavity even when the "rose and marker" display appears. The display and scent duration last approximately 500 milliseconds, or as needed. After 500 milliseconds, the pattern disappears and the program controls the odor delivery to stop. Simultaneously, the subject selects a red or green button to press based on the pattern they see.

[0057] Step S3: "Vividness" stage: The program displays the text "Vividness" on the screen, and the subject records the key presses based on the pattern they see. The subject selects a key from 1 to 4 based on the criteria (1 represents no image at all, 2 represents a blurry image, 3 represents a moderately clear and vivid image, and 4 represents a very clear and vivid image) that they deem appropriate.

[0058] The above steps S1-S3 were repeated 8 times, and the computer recorded the scores of the 8 times.

[0059] The scent of a red rose was delivered to the subject's nasal cavity eight times to guide the subject's olfactory perception of the rose. The probability N% of the subject seeing the red rose in the overlapping image was statistically analyzed. The current probability N% was used as the priming effect size of binocular rivalry, and the current priming effect size was used to evaluate the subject's olfactory system.

[0060] The 8 vividness ratings of 1-4, i.e., the evaluations of the images corresponding to olfactory perception provided by the subjects, were statistically analyzed to obtain the self-evaluation scale scores;

[0061] Olfactory imagery test (eg Figure 3 (As shown in (B)) (during the entire olfactory imagery test, the computer program controls not to deliver olfactory odors), and the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0062] Step S4: Olfactory imagery assessment: A specific prompt word (e.g., "rose") will appear on the screen to guide the subject in olfactory imagery of the corresponding object. This lasts approximately 500 milliseconds (or can be adjusted as needed).

[0063] Step S5: A “think” prompt appears on the screen for 6 seconds (or adjust the time as needed), and the subject begins to imagine.

[0064] Step S6: The program displays a red rose and a green marker overlapping pattern on the screen, and the pattern disappears after 500 milliseconds; at the same time, the subject chooses to press the red or green button according to the pattern seen.

[0065] Step S7: "Vividness" stage: The program displays the text "Vividness" on the screen, and the subject records the key presses based on the pattern they see. The subject selects a key from 1 to 4 (1 represents no image at all, 2 represents a blurry image, 3 represents a moderately clear and vivid image, and 4 represents a very clear and vivid image) that they deem appropriate and presses it. The duration is 1 second (or adjustable as needed).

[0066] The above steps S4-S7 are repeated 8 times, and the computer records the scores of 8 times.

[0067] The corresponding red rose cue was displayed on the screen eight times, guiding the subject to imagine the smell of the red rose. The probability of the subject seeing the red rose in the overlapping image was statistically analyzed as M%. The current probability M% was used as the priming effect size of binocular rivalry, and the current priming effect size was used to evaluate the current subject's olfactory system.

[0068] The scores of 1-4 for the current 8 vividness, i.e., the evaluations of the corresponding olfactory imagined images provided by the subjects, were statistically analyzed to obtain the self-evaluation scale scores;

[0069] From S1 to S7 olfactory perception ( Figure 3 (A)) and olfactory imagination ability ( Figure 3 (B)) constitutes a continuous test ( Figure 3 (as shown in (C)).

[0070] Priming effect and data analysis

[0071] Statistical analysis of the experimental results from S1 to S7 showed that the olfactory perception ability and the priming effect of binocular rivalry showed a significant strong correlation ( Figure 3 (D) This indicates that this paradigm assesses an individual's olfactory perception ability—the stronger the individual's olfactory perception ability, the more significant the priming effect of binocular rivalry.

[0072] In the olfactory imagination assessment ( Figure 3 As shown in (B), a specific prompt word (such as "rose") will be presented on the screen to guide the individual to imagine the corresponding object. Olfactory imagination will also induce the priming effect of the subsequent binocular rivalry, and the ability of olfactory imagination is significantly positively correlated with the priming effect of binocular rivalry (as shown in Figure 3 (E) – The stronger the individual’s olfactory imagery ability, the more significant the priming effect of binocular rivalry.

[0073] The above describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. The embodiments of this application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other in any manner unless there is a conflict.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception, characterized in that: include: Step S1: displaying the object image corresponding to color A and the object image corresponding to color B on the screen in an overlapping manner; Step S2: performing dominant eye adjustment based on the overlapping object images corresponding to color A and color B, so that the probability of the individual seeing the object with one eye is equal; Step S3: When the user can only see the object image of color A or color B with one eye, the object corresponding to color A or the object corresponding to color B is stimulated to the user in a preset manner. After a preset time, the stimulation source is cut off, and the pattern currently seen by the user is obtained by pressing a button. Repeat triggering step S3 for a preset number of times to obtain multiple experimental results; Step S4: Statistically analyzing the obtained multiple experimental results to obtain a priming effect size using binocular rivalry to evaluate the current user's olfactory system; The step S3 comprises: transmitting the odor corresponding to the object image corresponding to color A or the object image corresponding to color B to the user's nasal cavity, guiding the user to perform olfactory perception of the corresponding object; And / or displaying prompt words corresponding to the object corresponding to color A or the object corresponding to color B on the screen to guide the user to perform olfactory imagination of the corresponding object.

2. The method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 comprises the following steps: dimming the ambient brightness so that the ambient brightness meets a preset condition; in the current darkroom state, the user starts a program test; an object image corresponding to color A and an object image corresponding to color B are displayed overlapping on the screen, the user first sees the pattern, presses the key corresponding to the pattern seen, and the probability of seeing the object image corresponding to different colors n times is counted. When the probability of an individual seeing the object with one eye is different, the transparency and contrast values ​​of the two images are adjusted, and the process is repeated until the probability of an individual seeing the object with one eye is the same.

3. The method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control program controls the olfactory device to send out the corresponding smell; or the control program controls the display screen to display the corresponding prompt word.

4. The method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4 comprises: transmitting the smell corresponding to the object image corresponding to color A to the user's nasal cavity multiple times to guide the user to olfactory perceive the corresponding object; and / or displaying a prompt word corresponding to the object corresponding to color A on the screen to guide the user to olfactory imagine the corresponding object; performing statistical analysis to determine the probability N% that the user sees the object image corresponding to color A in the overlapping image, and using the current probability N% as the priming effect of binocular rivalry to evaluate the current user's olfactory system; The odor corresponding to the object image corresponding to color B is transmitted to the user's nasal cavity multiple times to guide the user to olfactory perceive the corresponding object; and / or displaying a prompt word corresponding to the object corresponding to color B on the screen to guide the user to perform olfactory imagination of the corresponding object; Statistical analysis shows that the probability that the user sees the object image corresponding to color B in the overlapping image is M%, and the current probability M% is the priming effect of binocular rivalry. The current priming effect of binocular rivalry is used to evaluate the olfactory system of the current user.

5. The method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: After a preset time, the stimulus source is cut off, and the object image corresponding to color A and the object image corresponding to color B on the screen disappear, and the preset evaluation options of the image are displayed on the screen, thereby obtaining the evaluation provided by the user corresponding to the olfactory perception or imagination; Based on the scores of the self-evaluation scale, it was verified that the olfactory perception ability showed a significant strong correlation with the priming effect of binocular rivalry, and the olfactory imagination ability showed a significant strong correlation with the priming effect size of binocular rivalry.

6. The method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preset evaluation options include: 1 represents no picture at all, 2 represents blurry picture, 3 represents moderately clear and vivid picture, and 4 represents very clear and vivid picture.

7. The method for evaluating the olfactory system based on imagination and perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The more significant the priming effect of binocular rivalry, the stronger the individual's olfactory perception or olfactory imagination ability.

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