Preparation method of mixed method seed summer squash pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a mixed method seed summer squash pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively crushing seed summer squash pulp and cotton stalks, and mixing to obtain a seed summer squash pulp and cotton stalk wet base; (2) mixing a saccharomycetes strain solution, a lactic acid bacteria strain solution and a cellulose compound enzyme, activating and expanding to prepare a bacteria-enzyme mixed solution; (3) uniformly mixing the zucchini pulp cotton stalk wet base for seeds with the bacterium enzyme mixed solution to prepare a zucchini pulp cotton stalk fermented wet base for seeds; and (4) carrying out sealed fermentation on the zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermentation wet base for seeds to prepare the zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermentation feed for seeds by the mixed method. According to the method, the digestibility of crude fibers and crude proteins of the cotton stalks is improved, the product has the characteristics of storage resistance, good animal palatability and the like, and comprehensive utilization of the seed summer squash pulp and the cotton stalks is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of feed, and in particular to a method for preparing a mixed seed, zucchini pulp, and cotton stalk fermented feed. Background Art

[0002] Seed zucchini is one of the main economic crops in Xinjiang, mainly used to produce zucchini seeds. The existing harvesting method is mainly to directly discard the skin and flesh after taking the seeds in the field and return them to the field as fertilizer. Since the discarded skin and flesh account for more than 90% of the weight of the whole fruit, it accumulates to millions of tons each year, which causes environmental pollution on the one hand and waste of resources on the other hand. A small amount can be directly fed to cattle and sheep by local residents in a short time or simply ensiled and fermented for feeding, but the above treatment methods cannot guarantee the long-term storage of the skin and flesh and the effective and large-scale utilization of the feed breeding industry. The fundamental reason for this phenomenon is that wild bacteria are naturally attached to the melon skin and the skin and flesh are rich in water, soluble sugars, proteins, fats, trace elements, etc., which are natural microbial culture media, so they are very easy to spoil. Secondly, since the water content of the melon flesh of the zucchini for western seeds reaches 90%, it is rich in nutrients and very suitable for microbial fermentation. However, the comprehensive cost of fermenting the melon flesh of the zucchini for western seeds is relatively high, and the comprehensive utilization is difficult.

[0003] In addition, as the most important cotton planting base in China, Xinjiang is rich in cotton straw resources. About 8-10 million tons of cotton straw are produced each year. Studies have shown that cotton straw can be processed and used as roughage for ruminants. Compared with wheat straw and corn straw, cotton straw has the highest crude protein and cellulose content. Cotton straw can be processed and combined with other feeds as animal feed to ensure the supply of nutrition, enable animals to play a normal production performance, and reduce feed costs. At present, the main methods for processing crop straw are physical, chemical, and biological methods. Compared with physical and chemical methods, cotton straw has a sour and fragrant smell, soft texture, high nutritional value, and high animal digestibility after being treated and fermented by microorganisms. During the fermentation process, the microorganisms have strong reproductive capacity and the secretion of enzymes increases. The cellulose xylan chains and lignin polymer ester chains in the straw are degraded by enzymes, and the increased swelling of the straw allows rumen microorganisms to directly contact cellulose, which can improve the crude fiber digestibility of animals. However, cotton straw contains too much crude protein and cellulose, which makes it difficult to ferment alone. A large amount of nutrients needs to be added, which greatly increases the fermentation cost. The fermentation cost is even higher than its utilization value. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a mixed seed zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed, wherein the mixed treatment of zucchini pulp and cotton stalk will greatly save costs, not only solves the problem of comprehensive utilization of zucchini pulp and cotton stalk, but also improves the nutritional value and palatability of cotton stalk, and reduces feed costs.

[0005] In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) crushing the zucchini pulp and cotton stalks for seeds respectively and mixing them to obtain a zucchini pulp and cotton stalk wet base for seeds;

[0007] (2) mixing and activating a yeast culture liquid, a lactic acid bacteria culture liquid, and a cellulose complex enzyme to obtain a bacterial enzyme mixture;

[0008] (3) uniformly mixing the zucchini pulp and cotton stalk wet base for seeds with the bacterial enzyme mixture to prepare the zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermentation wet base for seeds;

[0009] (4) Fermenting the above-mentioned seeds with zucchini pulp and cotton stalks in a wet-base sealed fermentation to obtain the mixed method seeds with zucchini pulp and cotton stalks fermented feed.

[0010] In addition, the method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (1), the zucchini pulp for seeds is crushed to a fineness of 10 to 100 meshes, preferably 50 to 60 meshes; the cotton stalks are crushed to a fineness of 10 to 100 meshes, preferably 20 to 30 meshes.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (1), the mass ratio of cotton stalks to seed zucchini pulp is 100:10-100, preferably 100:20-40.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (1), the moisture content of the wet basis of the zucchini pulp and cotton stalks for seed is 20 wt% to 60 wt%, preferably 30% to 40%.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (2), the yeast culture liquid includes one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans, and the lactic acid bacteria culture liquid includes one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (2), the cellulose complex enzyme preparation is a mixture of cellulase, xylanase and glucanase, and the mass ratio of cellulase, xylanase and glucanase is 100:1-100:1-100, preferably 100:20-25:15-20.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (2), the mass ratio of the yeast culture liquid, the lactic acid bacteria culture liquid, and the cellulose complex enzyme in the bacterial enzyme mixture is 100:10-500:1-10, preferably 100:450-500:2-4.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (3), the mass ratio of the seed zucchini pulp and cotton stalk wet base to the bacterial enzyme mixture is 100:0.1-10, preferably 100:2-4.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (4), the fermentation temperature is 0 to 60° C., preferably 30 to 40° C., and the fermentation time is 1 to 720 h, preferably 240 to 480 h.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1) The mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed of the present invention is rich in soluble sugar, soluble protein, organic acid, soluble dietary fiber, probiotics and other biologically active nutrients, and the product has the characteristics of storage resistance, good animal palatability, high feed intake, easy digestion and absorption, good growth-promoting performance, etc.

[0021] 2) The present invention not only improves the digestibility of crude fiber and crude protein of cotton stalks, but also has the characteristics of storage resistance and good animal palatability, thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of seed zucchini pulp and cotton stalks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed comprises the following steps:

[0025] (1) 30 kg of 50-mesh zucchini pulp for seed and 100 kg of 25-mesh cotton stalks for seed were mixed and then pulverized and mixed evenly to obtain 130 kg of zucchini pulp and cotton stalks for seed wet base.

[0026] (2) 82.5 g of cellulase, 37.5 g of xylanase, and 30 g of glucanase were uniformly mixed with 0.75 kg of yeast culture liquid and 4.1 kg of lactic acid bacteria culture liquid to prepare 5 kg of bacterial enzyme mixture, wherein the yeast culture liquid included 2×10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 8 cfu / g, lactic acid bacteria liquid including Lactobacillus acidophilus 30×10 8 cfu / g.

[0027] (3) 130 kg of zucchini pulp and cotton stalk wet base for seed use was uniformly mixed with 5 kg of bacterial enzyme mixture to prepare 135 kg of zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented wet base for seed use, with a water content of 34.8%.

[0028] (4) After 135 kg of seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented wet base was fermented at 35°C for 240 h, 126.5 kg of seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed was obtained, with a fermentation loss of 8.5 kg. 0.038

[0029] Example 2

[0030] A method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed comprises the following steps:

[0031] (1) 30 kg of 50-mesh zucchini pulp for seed and 100 kg of 25-mesh cotton stalks for seed were mixed and then pulverized and mixed evenly to obtain 130 kg of zucchini pulp and cotton stalks for seed wet base.

[0032] (2) 82.5 g of cellulase, 37.5 g of xylanase, and 30 g of glucanase were uniformly mixed with 0.75 kg of yeast culture liquid and 4.1 kg of lactic acid bacteria culture liquid to prepare 5 kg of bacterial enzyme mixture, wherein the yeast culture liquid included 2×10 8 cfu / g, lactic acid bacteria liquid including Lactobacillus plantarum 30×10 8 cfu / g.

[0033] (3) 130 kg of zucchini pulp and cotton stalk wet base for seed use was uniformly mixed with 5 kg of bacterial enzyme mixture to prepare 135 kg of zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented wet base for seed use, with a water content of 34.8%.

[0034] (4) After 135 kg of zucchini pulp and cotton stalks were fermented in a wet base at 37°C for 250 hours, 125.2 kg of zucchini pulp and cotton stalks fermented feed was obtained, with a fermentation loss of 9.8 kg.

[0035] Comparative Example 1

[0036] A method for preparing cotton stalk fermented feed comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) 100 kg of 25-mesh crushed cotton stalks, 26.2 kg of clean water, 10 kg of beet molasses, 0.2 kg of yeast extract, 0.15 kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15 kg of manganese sulfate and 5 kg of the bacterial enzyme mixture in the same proportion as in Example 1 were uniformly mixed to obtain 142 kg of cotton stalk fermentation wet base with a water content of 34.8%.

[0038] (2) After 142 kg of cotton stalks were fermented at 35°C for 240 h, 139.4 kg of cotton stalk fermented feed was obtained, with a fermentation loss of 2.6 kg.

[0039] The contents of main nutrients in the fermented feeds prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1 below.

[0040] Table 1 Nutrient content in the products obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0041] project Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 odor Strong yeast flavor Strong yeast flavor Light yeast aroma Moisture / % 34.8 34.8 34.8 Crude protein / % 5.6 5.7 5.2 Soluble protein / % 1.8 1.8 1.2 Total soluble sugar / % 15.8 15.9 10.5 Soluble fiber / % 3.8 3.9 2.8 Total organic acid / % (calculated as L-lactic acid) 3.6 3.7 2.1 Total number of probiotics cfu / g <![CDATA[5.0×10 7 ]]> <![CDATA[5.2×10 7 ]]> <![CDATA[2.0×10 7 ]]>

[0042] The cost comparison of the fermented feed prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 2 below.

[0043] Table 2 Comparison of the cost of fermented feed obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0044] Experimental Project Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Cost of enzyme preparation for fermentation feed / yuan / ton 18.3 18.3 Cost of fermentation strains + auxiliary materials / yuan / ton 38.3 253.4 Total cost of fermentation material on wet basis: Yuan / ton 56.6 271.7

[0045] It can be concluded from the above table that the cost of the fermented gourd cotton stalk feed produced in Example 1 is 79.3% lower than that of the fermented cotton stalk feed produced in Comparative Example 1, that is, the cost is reduced by 215.1 yuan / ton. Taking the processing of 1 million tons of fermented gourd cotton stalk feed as an example, the cost saving can be achieved as follows: 1 million tons × 215.1 yuan / ton = 215.1 million yuan, with significant economic benefits.

[0046] Application Example 1

[0047] The fermented feeds of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used in feeding dairy cows and raw beef cattle.

[0048] (1) Application of the fermented feeds of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in feeding high-yielding dairy cows

[0049] Experimental animals: 40 black and white lactating dairy cows with similar age, parity, lactation stage, weight and milk production were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 20 cows in each group for feeding experiments. Before the experiment, the daily milk production of dairy cows was 19.5±0.5kg / head.

[0050] Three groups of feed were tested: the test group feed was a fermented feed of zucchini pulp and cotton stalks with 10 wt% of Example 1, the control group 1 feed was a fermented feed of cotton stalks with 10% of Comparative Example 1, and the control group 2 feed was a feed with 10% of crushed cotton stalks.

[0051] Test management: During the test, all dairy cows were raised in single troughs, and good sanitary and epidemic prevention conditions and environmental conditions were maintained. All three groups of dairy cows were fed and managed by dedicated personnel, and milk production was recorded, and milk protein, milk fat and dry matter content were measured regularly. Cows were free to eat and drink water throughout the day. They were fed in troughs and milked three times a day. The test period was 50 days, the pre-feeding period was 10 days, and statistics were taken every 10 days.

[0052] Milk quality determination: Milking was performed using a pipeline milking machine, and the milk production of each cow was recorded. Every 10 days, at noon, after milking of each cow, the milk was stirred evenly, and the middle milk was sucked with a milk sampler. Four milk samples were taken from each cow each time, and each sample was 200 mL, and the milk composition was determined using an automatic milk analyzer.

[0053] Experimental results and analysis: The milk production and milk quality of black and white lactating dairy cows fed with different feeds are shown in Table 3.

[0054] Table 3 Milk production and milk quality of black and white lactating dairy cows fed different feeds

[0055] project Average daily milk production (kg / head) Milk protein content (%) Milk fat content (%) Milk dry matter content (%) Experimental Group 21.64 3.18 3.52 13.28 Control group 1 20.39 3.16 3.48 13.16 Control group 2 19.3 3.14 3.44 12.74

[0056] As can be seen from Table 3, the seed-use zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed prepared in Example 1 has an increase in the average daily milk production, milk protein content, milk fat content, and milk dry matter content of the milk produced by the black-and-white lactating dairy cows fed with two control groups under the same conditions. According to calculations, the average daily milk production of the black-and-white lactating dairy cows fed with fermented feed is 6.13% and 12.12% higher than that of the black-and-white lactating dairy cows fed with two control feeds, and the milk protein content of the milk produced is increased by 0.63% and 1.27%, the milk fat content is increased by 1.15% and 2.33%, and the milk dry matter content is increased by 0.91% and 4.23%. The results show that the seed-use zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed in Example 1 significantly increases the milk production and milk quality of black-and-white lactating dairy cows, and can effectively improve the lactation of ruminants.

[0057] (2) Application of the fermented feed of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in feeding beef cattle

[0058] Three groups of feeds were tested: the test group feed was a fermented feed of zucchini pulp and cotton stalks with 10% of the seed of Example 1, the control group 1 feed was a fermented feed of cotton stalks with 10% of the comparative example 1, and the control group 2 feed was a feed with 10% of crushed cotton stalks.

[0059] Experimental animals: 60 Simmental beef cattle weighing 230±5kg were selected according to the principle of similar age, weight, health status and half and half of the sexes, and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group with 30 animals in each group.

[0060] Test management: During the test, all beef cattle were raised in single troughs, and good sanitary and epidemic prevention conditions and environmental conditions were maintained. The three groups of beef cattle were fed and managed by dedicated personnel, and their weights were measured regularly. They were allowed to eat and drink freely throughout the day, and went to the trough three times a day. The test period was 30 days, and the pre-feeding period was 5 days. Statistics were collected every 5 days.

[0061] Experimental results and analysis: The growth and health conditions of Simmental beef cattle fed different feeds are shown in Table 4.

[0062] Table 4 Growth and health status of Simmental beef cattle fed different feeds

[0063] Test Project Experimental Group Control group 1 Control group 2 Number of test heads 30 30 30 Number of days for formal test / d 30 30 30 Initial total weight / kg 7034 7038 7039 Final weight of test / kg 8006 7956 7867 Total weight gain / kg 972 918 828 Average daily weight gain per beef cattle / kg 1.08 1.02 0.92 Number of cases of gastroenteritis / head 1 2 3 Number of heads with rumen acidosis / head 1 1 2

[0064] As can be seen from Table 4, the average daily gain of each beef cattle fed with the fermented feed prepared in Example 1 is higher than that of the Simmental beef cattle fed with the two control group feeds under the same conditions; the incidence of gastroenteritis and rumen acidosis rate of the Simmental beef cattle fed with the fermented feed added is lower than that of the Simmental beef cattle fed with the control group feed under the same conditions; the daily weight gain of the Simmental beef cattle fed with the experimental group is increased by 5.88% and 17.39% respectively compared with the Simmental beef cattle fed with the two control group feeds; the number of gastroenteritis incidence is reduced by 50% and 66.67% respectively, and the number of rumen acidosis is reduced by 0 and 50% respectively. The results show that the fermented feed with zucchini pulp and cotton stalks can significantly improve the growth of Simmental beef cattle and prevent the occurrence of gastroenteritis and rumen acidosis.

[0065] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) crushing the zucchini pulp and cotton stalks for seeds respectively and mixing them to obtain a zucchini pulp and cotton stalk wet base for seeds; (2) mixing and activating a yeast culture liquid, a lactic acid bacteria culture liquid, and a cellulose complex enzyme to obtain a bacterial enzyme mixture; (3) uniformly mixing the zucchini pulp and cotton stalk wet base for seeds with the bacterial enzyme mixture to prepare the zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermentation wet base for seeds; (4) Fermenting the above-mentioned seeds with zucchini pulp and cotton stalks in a wet-base sealed fermentation to obtain the mixed method seeds with zucchini pulp and cotton stalks fermented feed.

2. The method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the zucchini pulp for seeds is crushed to a fineness of 10 to 100 meshes, and the cotton stalks are crushed to a fineness of 10 to 100 meshes.

3. The method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the mass ratio of the cotton stalk to the seed zucchini pulp is 100:10-100.

4. The method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the moisture content of the wet basis of the zucchini pulp and cotton stalks for seed is 20wt% to 60wt%.

5. The method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the yeast culture liquid includes one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans, and the lactic acid bacteria culture liquid includes one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

6. The method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the cellulose complex enzyme preparation is a mixture of cellulase, xylanase and glucanase, and the mass ratio of cellulase, xylanase and glucanase is 100:1-100:1-100.

7. The method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the mass ratio of the yeast culture liquid, the lactic acid bacteria culture liquid and the cellulose complex enzyme in the bacterial enzyme mixture is 100:10-500:1-10.

8. The method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the mass ratio of the wet base of zucchini pulp and cotton stalks for seeds to the bacterial enzyme mixture is 100:0.1-10.

9. The method for preparing a mixed seed-based zucchini pulp and cotton stalk fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the fermentation temperature is 0 to 60° C. and the fermentation time is 1 to 720 hours.