Balloon dilatation catheter
By designing a balloon dilation catheter with a curved second balloon, the problem of blocking the left ventricular outflow tract during balloon dilation is solved, and the smooth passage of blood is achieved, the risk of complications is reduced and the stable pulse pressure is maintained. .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411918294.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-14
Smart Images

Figure CN119424881A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a balloon dilatation catheter. Background Art
[0002] A heart valve balloon dilatation catheter is a medical device used to treat heart valve stenosis. When the heart valve balloon dilatation catheter in the related art is in the fully inflated state, the outer wall of the heart valve balloon fits against the inner wall that blocks the left ventricular outflow tract, so that blood cannot flow smoothly through the heart valve balloon, resulting in the problem of complete blockage of the left ventricular outflow tract during the heart valve balloon dilatation process. Summary of the invention
[0003] The embodiment of the present application provides a balloon dilatation catheter to solve the problem of complete blockage of the left ventricular outflow tract during the balloon dilatation process of the heart valve in the related art.
[0004] To solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:
[0005] The present application provides a balloon dilatation catheter, comprising: a catheter and a balloon assembly, wherein the balloon assembly comprises a first balloon and at least two second balloons, wherein the first balloon comprises a cylindrical expansion portion, the cross section of the second balloon is arc-shaped, and the at least two second balloons are arranged at intervals around the expansion portion, the second balloon surrounds and covers the outer surface of the expansion portion, and the second balloon is connected to the first balloon, one end of the catheter is connected to one end of the first balloon, and the catheter is connected to the interior of the first balloon;
[0006] When the balloon assembly is in an expanded state, surfaces of the at least two second balloons facing away from the first balloon are located in the same cylindrical surface, and a flow channel is formed between any two adjacent second balloons among the at least two second balloons.
[0007] Optionally, the first balloon also includes a first conical portion and a second conical portion, the first conical portion extends from the first end of the expansion portion in a direction away from the first end, and the cross-sectional area of the first conical portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the first end, and one end of the catheter is connected to an end of the first conical portion away from the first end; the second conical portion extends from the second end of the expansion portion in a direction away from the second end, and the cross-sectional area of the second conical portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the second end.
[0008] Optionally, the balloon dilatation catheter further comprises an inner tube and a head end, the inner tube comprises a first section and a second section connected in sequence, the first section is arranged inside the first balloon, the catheter is sleeved outside the second section, the head end is respectively fixedly connected to an end of the second conical portion away from the expansion portion and an end of the first section away from the second section, and the head end is conical. Optionally, the balloon dilatation catheter further comprises two developing rings, the two developing rings are arranged on the outer wall of the inner tube, the two developing rings are fixedly connected to the inner tube, the two developing rings are located between the inner tube and the first balloon, and the two developing rings are respectively located at the first end and the second end of the expansion portion.
[0009] Optionally, the inner tube includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer which are stacked in sequence, the inner layer and the middle layer are fixedly connected, the middle layer and the outer layer are fixedly connected, and a guide wire is passed through the inner layer.
[0010] Optionally, the at least two second balloons are arranged at equal intervals around the expansion portion.
[0011] Optionally, a plurality of first through holes are formed on an outer wall of the first balloon, a plurality of second through holes are formed on an inner wall of the second balloon, and the cavities of the first balloon and the second balloon are connected through the plurality of first through holes and the plurality of second through holes.
[0012] Optionally, the balloon dilatation catheter also includes a stress dispersing tube and a connecting seat, the connecting seat is respectively fixedly connected to the second section and the end of the catheter away from the first balloon, one end of the stress dispersing tube is sleeved on the end of the catheter away from the first balloon, and the other end of the stress dispersing tube is fixedly connected to the connecting seat.
[0013] Optionally, the connecting seat is provided with a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe respectively, the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe are arranged at an angle, and the first branch pipe and the conduit are arranged in parallel.
[0014] Optionally, the material of the catheter is polyether block amide, the material of the stress dispersion tube is silicone rubber, and the material of the connecting seat is polycarbonate.
[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned balloon dilatation catheter includes a catheter and a balloon assembly, the balloon assembly includes a first balloon and at least two second balloons, the first balloon includes a cylindrical expansion portion, the cross-section of the second balloon is arc-shaped, and the at least two second balloons are arranged at intervals around the expansion portion, the second balloon surrounds and covers the outer surface of the expansion portion, and the second balloon is connected to the first balloon, one end of the catheter is connected to one end of the first balloon, and the catheter is connected to the interior of the first balloon. When the balloon assembly is in an expanded state, the surfaces of the at least two second balloons facing away from the first balloon are located in the same cylindrical surface, and a flow channel is formed between any two adjacent second balloons among the at least two second balloons, so that when the balloon assembly is expanded, blood can pass smoothly along the flow channel formed between the second balloons without blocking the left ventricular outflow tract, thereby reducing the probability of complications such as ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest, and maintaining a stable pulse pressure level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.
[0017] Figure 1 It is one of the partial structural schematic diagrams of a balloon dilatation catheter provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0018] Figure 2 This is one of the schematic cross-sectional structure diagrams of a balloon dilatation catheter provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0019] Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a balloon dilatation catheter provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0020] Figure 4 This is the second schematic diagram of the partial structure of a balloon dilatation catheter provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0022] For ease of understanding, some contents involved in the embodiments of the present application are described below:
[0023] With the aging of the population, the increasing incidence of valvular degenerative diseases, and the improvement of treatment level, aortic valve stenosis has become one of the most common valvular heart diseases in clinical practice. For severe aortic valve stenosis, surgical valve replacement has always been the standard treatment option. With the development of transcatheter valve technology in recent years, more and more patients have begun to undergo less invasive transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), especially for elderly patients and patients at high risk of conventional surgical valve replacement. Currently, TAVR can be divided into balloon-expandable interventional valves and self-expanding (self-expanding) interventional valves according to their opening method. The balloon-expandable interventional valve is first mechanically compressed on the delivery system in vitro, and then delivered to the predetermined position, and then a high-pressure non-compliant balloon is used to expand and fix it.
[0024] The balloon dilatation catheter is the "pioneer" of TAVR. It expands the narrow aortic valve through balloon expansion, provides an effective channel for TAVR to enter, and achieves the effect of expanding the valve to promote blood circulation. During use, the operator should quickly inflate the balloon and quickly withdraw the balloon to reduce the operation time. Because during the balloon dilatation process, the balloon expansion will cause acute vascular occlusion and blood flow blockage; in severe cases, serious complications such as ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest will occur. In order to avoid such situations during the operation, a perfusion balloon is used to increase blood flow and appropriately reduce the occurrence of the above-mentioned hazards to the operator.
[0025] Heart valve balloon dilatation catheter is a medical device used to treat heart valve stenosis. In the related art, when the balloon of the heart valve balloon dilatation catheter is fully inflated, blood cannot flow smoothly, resulting in complete blockage of the left ventricular outflow tract during the balloon dilatation process, leading to serious complications such as ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest for patients with low cardiac function reserve, and the pulse pressure level cannot be maintained at a stable level during the operation.
[0026] In an embodiment of the present application, a balloon dilatation catheter is proposed to solve the problem of complete blockage of the left ventricular outflow tract during the balloon dilatation process of the heart valve in the related art.
[0027] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is one of the partial structural schematic diagrams of a balloon dilatation catheter provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 is one of the schematic cross-sectional structures of a balloon dilatation catheter provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the balloon dilatation catheter comprises: a catheter 100 and a balloon assembly 200, the balloon assembly 200 comprises a first balloon 210 and at least two second balloons 220, the first balloon 210 comprises a cylindrical expansion portion, the cross section of the second balloon 220 is arc-shaped, and the at least two second balloons 220 are arranged around the expansion portion at intervals, the second balloon 220 surrounds and covers the outer surface of the expansion portion, and the second balloon 220 is communicated with the first balloon 210, one end of the catheter 100 is connected to one end of the first balloon 210, and the catheter 100 is communicated with the interior of the first balloon 210;
[0028] When the balloon assembly 200 is in an expanded state, the surfaces of the at least two second balloons 220 facing away from the first balloon 210 are located in the same cylindrical surface, and a flow channel is formed between any two adjacent second balloons 220 among the at least two second balloons 220 .
[0029] Specifically, the catheter 100 can be used to transport liquid into the balloon assembly 200 so as to achieve expansion of the balloon assembly 200, specifically, the liquid in the catheter 100 flows into the first balloon 210, and the liquid in the first balloon 210 flows into the second balloon 220, thereby achieving expansion of the balloon assembly 200. The cross-section of the second balloon 220 is arc-shaped, and can be used to place a biological valve, so that when the second balloon 220 is in an expanded state, the biological valve is delivered to the target position and fixed in an appropriate position. The balloon material of the first balloon 210 and the second balloon 220 is preferably a polymer material, such as nylon 12, so that it has good elasticity and pressure resistance. One end of the catheter 100 is connected to one end of the first balloon 210, and can be fixed by heat welding.
[0030] Furthermore, the second balloon 220 is in an irregular arc shape, and the length of the second balloon 220 extending along the catheter 100 is equal to the length of the expansion portion along the extending direction of the catheter 100 .
[0031] It can be understood that the second balloon 220 is evenly distributed on the outer surface of the first balloon 210. When the balloon assembly 200 is filled with liquid through the catheter 100, the first balloon 210 and the second balloon 220 can expand simultaneously to form an embracing effect.
[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned balloon dilatation catheter includes a catheter 100 and a balloon assembly 200, the balloon assembly 200 includes a first balloon 210 and at least two second balloons 220, the first balloon 210 includes a cylindrical expansion portion, the cross-section of the second balloon 220 is arc-shaped, and the at least two second balloons 220 are arranged around the expansion portion at intervals, the second balloon 220 surrounds and covers the outer surface of the expansion portion, and the second balloon 220 is connected to the first balloon 210, one end of the catheter 100 is connected to one end of the first balloon 210, and the The catheter 100 is connected to the interior of the first balloon 210. When the balloon assembly 200 is in an expanded state, the surfaces of the at least two second balloons 220 facing away from the first balloon 210 are located in the same cylindrical surface, and a flow channel is formed between any two adjacent second balloons 220 among the at least two second balloons 220, so that when the balloon assembly 200 is expanded, blood can pass smoothly along the flow channel formed between the second balloons 220 without blocking the left ventricular outflow tract, thereby reducing the probability of complications such as ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest and maintaining a stable pulse pressure level.
[0033] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, the balloon assembly 200 includes a first balloon 210 and three second balloons 220, the three second balloons 220 are arranged around the expansion part at equal intervals, the second balloons 220 surround and cover the outer surface of the expansion part, and when the balloon assembly 200 is in an expanded state, the outer surfaces of the three second balloons 220 on the side facing away from the first balloon 210 form a cylindrical outer surface.
[0034] Optionally, the first balloon 210 also includes a first conical portion and a second conical portion, the first conical portion extends from the first end of the expansion portion in a direction away from the first end, and the cross-sectional area of the first conical portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the first end, and one end of the catheter 100 is connected to an end of the first conical portion away from the first end; the second conical portion extends from the second end of the expansion portion in a direction away from the second end, and the cross-sectional area of the second conical portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the second end.
[0035] It can be understood that the first tapered portion and the second tapered portion are respectively located at two ends of the expansion portion, and the first tapered portion and the second tapered portion are symmetrically arranged.
[0036] In this embodiment, the first balloon 210 also includes a first tapered portion and a second tapered portion, the first tapered portion extends from the first end of the expansion portion in a direction away from the first end, and the cross-sectional area of the first tapered portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the first end, and one end of the catheter 100 is connected to an end of the first tapered portion away from the first end; the second tapered portion extends from the second end of the expansion portion in a direction away from the second end, and the cross-sectional area of the second tapered portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the second end, so that the first balloon 210 can form a sharp guiding end when moving in the blood vessel, which is convenient for the first balloon 210 to reduce the resistance to the blood vessel wall when entering the blood vessel, ensuring that the first balloon 210 can enter the blood vessel in a gradual manner and smoothly pass through the narrow area, thereby reducing the risk of blood vessel damage.
[0037] Optionally, Figure 3 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a balloon dilatation catheter provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the balloon dilatation catheter also includes an inner tube 300 and a head end 400, the inner tube 300 includes a first section and a second section connected in sequence, the first section is arranged in the first balloon, the catheter 100 is sleeved outside the second section, the head end 400 is respectively fixedly connected to an end of the second conical portion away from the expansion portion and an end of the first section away from the second section, and the head end 400 is conical.
[0038] Specifically, the inner tube 300 can provide support during the expansion of the balloon assembly 200. The head end 400 is respectively fixedly connected to one end of the second conical portion away from the expansion portion and one end of the first section away from the second section. Specifically, the fixing can be performed by bonding. The head end 400 can adopt a soft tip cone design.
[0039] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned balloon dilatation catheter can be fixedly connected to the end of the second conical part away from the expansion part and the end of the first section away from the second section through the head end 400. The head end 400 is conical, so that when using the balloon dilatation catheter, it can pass through the blood vessels smoothly and reduce damage to the tissue.
[0040] Alternatively, if Figure 3 As shown, the balloon dilatation catheter also includes two developing rings 310, and the two developing rings 310 are arranged on the outer wall of the inner tube 300, and the two developing rings 310 are fixedly connected to the inner tube 300, and the two developing rings 310 are located between the inner tube 300 and the first balloon 210, and the two developing rings 310 are respectively located at the first end and the second end of the expansion part.
[0041] Specifically, the two developing rings 310 are respectively located at the first end and the second end of the expansion portion, which can be understood as the two developing rings 310 are respectively located at the two end surfaces of the expansion portion, so that the two developing rings 310 can be used to mark the position and length of the expansion portion, that is, the effective length of the first balloon 210. The material of the developing ring 310 can be platinum-iridium alloy.
[0042] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned balloon dilatation catheter also includes two developing rings 310, and the two developing rings 310 are arranged on the outer wall of the inner tube 300. The two developing rings 310 are fixedly connected to the inner tube 300, and the two developing rings 310 are located between the inner tube 300 and the first balloon 210. The two developing rings 310 are respectively located at the first end and the second end of the expansion part, so that during the operation, the specific position and status of the balloon assembly 200 can be clearly monitored. This visualization effect helps to improve the operation accuracy, so that it is possible to evaluate in real time whether the balloon assembly 200 is in the correct position.
[0043] Optionally, the inner tube 300 includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer stacked in sequence, the inner layer and the middle layer are fixedly connected, the middle layer and the outer layer are fixedly connected, and a guide wire 320 is passed through the inner layer.
[0044] Specifically, the inner tube 300 may be composed of a three-layer structure, including an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is smooth to facilitate the passage of the guide wire 320. The middle layer provides support and strength. The outer layer may be made of special materials to improve the lubricity and anti-thrombotic properties of the inner tube 300. For example, the outer tube material is preferably polyether block amide, which has certain support properties and provides protection at the same time.
[0045] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned balloon dilatation catheter can be provided with a guide wire 320 through the interior of the inner layer to provide necessary rigid support for the balloon dilatation catheter, help maintain the shape and position of the balloon dilatation catheter, and provide a passage for the movement of the balloon dilatation catheter, thereby improving the ease of operation of the balloon dilatation catheter.
[0046] Optionally, the at least two second balloons 220 are arranged at equal intervals around the expansion portion.
[0047] Specifically, the at least two second balloons 220 being arranged at equal intervals around the expansion portion can be understood as the intervals between any two adjacent second balloons 220 among the at least two second balloons 220 being equal.
[0048] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned balloon dilatation catheter can be arranged at equal intervals around the expansion part by the at least two second balloons 220, so that when blood flows through the gaps between the second balloons 220, the equally spaced arrangement of the second balloons 220 can effectively improve the flow characteristics of the blood, thereby reducing the difference in local flow velocity, so that the blood flow can flow more stably and evenly.
[0049] Optionally, the outer wall of the first balloon 210 is provided with a plurality of first through holes, the inner wall of the second balloon 220 is provided with a plurality of second through holes, and the cavities of the first balloon 210 and the second balloon 220 are connected through the plurality of first through holes and the plurality of second through holes.
[0050] Specifically, the multiple first through holes of the first balloon 210 can be connected to the multiple second through holes of the second balloon 220 by welding or bonding.
[0051] Optionally, Figure 4 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a balloon dilatation catheter provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 4 As shown, the balloon dilatation catheter also includes a stress dispersion tube 500 and a connecting seat 600. The connecting seat 600 is respectively fixedly connected to the second section and the end of the catheter 100 away from the first balloon 210. One end of the stress dispersion tube 500 is sleeved on the end of the catheter 100 away from the first balloon 210, and the other end of the stress dispersion tube 500 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 600.
[0052] Specifically, the connection seat 600 is used to connect the balloon dilatation catheter with external equipment to improve the convenience of dilating the balloon assembly 200.
[0053] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned balloon dilatation catheter can be sleeved at one end of the catheter 100 away from the first balloon 210, and the other end of the stress dispersion tube 500 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 600, so that the stress dispersion tube 500 can eliminate the stress brought by the catheter 100 during use, and effectively disperse the mechanical stress from the catheter 100 and the balloon assembly 200 to a larger area, thereby avoiding excessive pressure on specific parts of the catheter 100, thereby improving the durability of the balloon dilatation catheter.
[0054] Alternatively, if Figure 4 As shown, the connection seat 600 is provided with a first branch pipe 610 and a second branch pipe 620 respectively. The first branch pipe 610 and the second branch pipe 620 are arranged at an angle, and the first branch pipe 610 and the catheter 100 are arranged in parallel.
[0055] It is understandable that the second branch tube 620 can be used to introduce liquid, and the liquid flows into the cavity between the catheter 100 and the inner tube 400 through the cavity of the second branch tube 620, and flows into the first balloon 210 through the cavity between the catheter 100 and the inner tube 400.
[0056] In this embodiment, the port of the first branch tube 610 can be a guidewire port, through which the balloon assembly 200 can be pushed to the lesion site along the guidewire, and the port of the second branch tube 620 can be a filling port, through which a syringe can inject liquid into the first balloon 210 to expand the first balloon 210 and the second balloon 220, thereby completing the operation.
[0057] Optionally, the material of the catheter 100 is polyether block amide, the material of the stress dispersion tube 500 is silicone rubber, and the material of the connecting seat 600 is polycarbonate.
[0058] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that it should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "include..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.
[0059] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present application, ordinary technicians in this field can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles described in the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims
1. A balloon dilatation catheter, characterized in that: include: A catheter and balloon assembly, the balloon assembly comprising a first balloon and at least two second balloons, the first balloon comprising a cylindrical expansion portion, the second balloon having an arc-shaped cross section, the at least two second balloons being arranged at intervals around the expansion portion, the second balloon surrounding and covering the outer surface of the expansion portion, the second balloon being in communication with the first balloon, one end of the catheter being connected to one end of the first balloon, and the catheter being in communication with the interior of the first balloon; When the balloon assembly is in an expanded state, surfaces of the at least two second balloons facing away from the first balloon are located in the same cylindrical surface, and a flow channel is formed between any two adjacent second balloons among the at least two second balloons.
2. The balloon dilatation catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first balloon also includes a first conical portion and a second conical portion, the first conical portion extends from the first end of the expansion portion in a direction away from the first end, and the cross-sectional area of the first conical portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the first end, and one end of the catheter is connected to an end of the first conical portion away from the first end; the second conical portion extends from the second end of the expansion portion in a direction away from the second end, and the cross-sectional area of the second conical portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the second end.
3. The balloon dilatation catheter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The balloon dilatation catheter also includes an inner tube and a head end, the inner tube includes a first section and a second section connected in sequence, the first section is arranged in the first balloon, the catheter is sleeved outside the second section, and the head end is fixedly connected to an end of the second conical part away from the expansion part and an end of the first section away from the second section, respectively, and the head end is conical.
4. The balloon dilatation catheter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The balloon dilatation catheter also includes two developing rings, which are arranged on the outer wall of the inner tube, fixedly connected to the inner tube, located between the inner tube and the first balloon, and respectively located at the first end and the second end of the expansion part.
5. The balloon dilatation catheter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner tube comprises an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer which are stacked in sequence, the inner layer and the middle layer are fixedly connected, the middle layer and the outer layer are fixedly connected, and a guide wire is passed through the inner layer.
6. The balloon dilatation catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The at least two second balloons are arranged around the expansion portion at equal intervals.
7. The balloon dilatation catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the first balloon is provided with a plurality of first through holes, the inner wall of the second balloon is provided with a plurality of second through holes, and the cavities of the first balloon and the second balloon are connected through the plurality of first through holes and the plurality of second through holes.
8. The balloon dilatation catheter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The balloon dilatation catheter also includes a stress dispersion tube and a connecting seat, wherein the connecting seat is respectively fixedly connected to the second section and the end of the catheter away from the first balloon, one end of the stress dispersion tube is sleeved on the end of the catheter away from the first balloon, and the other end of the stress dispersion tube is fixedly connected to the connecting seat.
9. The balloon dilatation catheter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The connecting seat is provided with a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe respectively, the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe are arranged at an angle, and the first branch pipe and the conduit are arranged in parallel.
10. The balloon dilatation catheter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The material of the catheter is polyether block amide, the material of the stress dispersion tube is silicone rubber, and the material of the connecting seat is polycarbonate.
Citation Information
Cited By
Medical device
CN117731353A