An antenna system and electronic device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna system and electronic device, comprising an antenna element and a radome. The radome is located on the path of the antenna element's transmitted or received linearly polarized wave, and there is a rotational travel between the radome and the antenna element. A metal patch is disposed on the radome, which is used to change the electric field of the antenna element during at least a portion of the rotational travel. By rotating the radome, this invention allows for the switching and adjustment of the signal wave between linearly polarized, elliptically polarized, and circularly polarized waves according to usage requirements, achieving flexible adjustment of the signal processed by the antenna system. Furthermore, the structure is simple. Compared to existing circularly polarized antennas, it not only achieves stepless switching control of antenna polarization but also eliminates complex structures such as feed networks and multiple structural units, simplifying the system structure, reducing manufacturing difficulty and cost, improving the space utilization of the antenna system, and enabling miniaturized antenna system design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna system and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas are a crucial component of wireless communication systems and radar electronic countermeasures systems. They convert analog and circuit signals from equipment into electromagnetic waves that are radiated into space, and their performance directly impacts the overall performance of the system. Electromagnetic waves undergo Faraday rotation when penetrating the atmosphere. Linearly polarized waves experience polarization mismatch, degrading signal quality. Circularly polarized waves, however, overcome this Faraday rotation effect, improving signal transmission quality. Therefore, circularly polarized waves are commonly used for both receiving and transmitting signals in many applications. Circularly polarized waves possess orthogonal polarization characteristics. Left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves exhibit strong isolation, meaning that left-handed circularly polarized antennas can only receive left-handed circularly polarized waves, and similarly, right-handed circularly polarized antennas can only receive right-handed circularly polarized waves. Consequently, multi-polarized antennas are widely used in various systems.

[0003] In the process of realizing this invention, the applicant discovered that an antenna can only process one of circularly polarized waves or linearly polarized waves. Therefore, for a multi-polarized antenna system, multiple different antennas need to be set up to process circularly polarized waves, linearly polarized waves, and elliptical polarized waves, resulting in a complex structure and high manufacturing difficulty for the multi-polarized antenna system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna system and electronic device to solve the aforementioned technical problems existing in the prior art, mainly including the following two aspects:

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides an antenna system, including,

[0006] Antenna element, the antenna element being used to transmit or receive linearly polarized waves along a first direction;

[0007] The shroud is located on the path of the antenna element transmitting or receiving linearly polarized waves, and has a rotational stroke between the shroud and the antenna element around a first direction. A metal patch is provided on the shroud, which is used to change the electric field of the antenna element during at least part of the rotational stroke, so as to switch the linearly polarized wave to an elliptical or circularly polarized wave, or to switch the elliptical or circularly polarized wave to a linearly polarized wave.

[0008] Furthermore, the size of the metal patch gradually increases or decreases along the rotation direction of the cover.

[0009] Furthermore, the cover is provided with a plurality of metal patches, and the gap between two adjacent metal patches gradually increases, decreases or remains unchanged along the rotation direction of the cover, so as to cooperate with the rotation of the cover to achieve a gradual increase or decrease in the parasitic capacitance and parasitic resistance of the metal patches.

[0010] Furthermore, the metal patch is at least one of polygonal, circular, elliptical, fan-shaped, semi-circular, annular, and irregular shapes.

[0011] Furthermore, the plurality of metal patches are arranged in an array or not in an array.

[0012] Furthermore, the antenna system also includes a carrier, the antenna unit is disposed on the carrier, and the cover is rotatably connected to the carrier.

[0013] Furthermore, the carrier is provided with at least one antenna element; or, the carrier is provided with multiple antenna elements arranged in an array.

[0014] Furthermore, the carrier is equipped with an integrated radio frequency front-end system, and the antenna unit is connected to the integrated radio frequency front-end system.

[0015] Furthermore, the cover has wave-transparent properties.

[0016] A second aspect of this application provides an electronic device including the antenna system described above.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0018] This invention allows for the switching and adjustment of signal waves between linearly polarized, elliptically polarized, and circularly polarized waves by rotating the cover, according to usage requirements. This enables flexible adjustment of the signal processed by the antenna system. Moreover, the structure is simple. Compared with existing circularly polarized antennas, it not only achieves stepless switching control of antenna polarization but also eliminates complex structures such as feed networks and multiple structural units, simplifying the system structure, reducing manufacturing difficulty and cost, improving the space utilization of the antenna system, and enabling miniaturized antenna system design. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal patch on the cover of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover body of the present invention before adjustment and rotation;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover body of the present invention after adjustment and rotation;

[0026] Figure 7 This is another structural schematic diagram of the cover body of the present invention;

[0027] In the picture,

[0028] 100. Enclosure; 110. Metal patch; 200. Antenna unit; 300. Integrated RF front-end system; 400. Carrier. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following description provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing various features of the invention. The elements and arrangements described in the specific examples below are only for concise expression of the invention and are merely examples, not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] Current antenna technology allows a single antenna to process either circularly polarized or linearly polarized waves. However, in practical applications, switching between circularly polarized, linearly polarized, and elliptically polarized waves may be necessary under different conditions. Therefore, multi-polarized antenna systems require multiple sets of different antennas, such as integrated circularly polarized, linearly polarized, and elliptically polarized wave processing antennas, to achieve the switching processing. This results in complex structures, large sizes, and high manufacturing difficulties for multi-polarized antenna systems. To address these issues, this application provides an antenna system and electronic device that can adjust the antenna's processing capability from linearly polarized to circularly polarized waves. This can be achieved with simple modifications to existing antenna systems, resulting in a simple structure, small size, and easy manufacturing. The specific structure is illustrated in the following embodiment.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This application provides an antenna system, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, including,

[0035] Antenna element 200, the antenna element 200 being used to transmit or receive linearly polarized waves along a first direction;

[0036] A cover 100 is located on the path of the antenna unit 200 transmitting or receiving linearly polarized waves, and has a rotational stroke between the cover 100 and the antenna unit 200 around a first direction. A metal patch 110 is provided on the cover 100, and the metal patch 110 is used to change the electric field of the antenna unit 200 during at least part of the rotational stroke, so as to switch the linearly polarized wave to an elliptical or circularly polarized wave when the antenna unit 200 is a signal transmitter transmitting linearly polarized waves along the first direction, or to switch the elliptical or circularly polarized wave to a linearly polarized wave when the antenna unit 200 is a signal receiver receiving linearly polarized waves along the first direction.

[0037] For example, when the antenna element 200 operates as a transmitter, such as Figure 5 As shown, the electric field E radiated by antenna element 200 can be decomposed into two orthogonal electric field components E when passing through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100. X and E Y E X and E Y The resulting equivalent RLC circuit is the same, and can be represented as:

[0038] ,

[0039] Among them, Z xIt refers to the electric field component E X The equivalent circuit impedance Z generated when passing through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, Y It refers to the electric field component E Y The equivalent circuit impedance is generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100. L refers to the inductance generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, R refers to the resistance generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, C refers to the capacitance generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, j is the imaginary unit, w refers to the angular frequency, a refers to the real part of the equivalent circuit impedance, and b refers to the imaginary part of the equivalent circuit impedance.

[0040] After rotating the cover 100 around the first direction, as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the component of the electric field E in the X direction is E X and the component E in the Y direction Y The path will change after passing through the metal patch 110, resulting in changes in both parasitic capacitance and inductance. The corresponding impedance can then be expressed as:

[0041] ,

[0042] Among them, a x This refers to the equivalent impedance Z. x Real part, a Y This refers to the equivalent impedance Z. Y Real part, b x This refers to the equivalent impedance Z. x Imaginary part, b Y This refers to the equivalent impedance Z. Y Imaginary part, L x R refers to the component inductance generated in the X direction by the electric field E passing through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100. x C refers to the component resistance in the X direction generated by the electric field E passing through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100. x L refers to the component capacitance generated in the X direction by the electric field E when it passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100. Y R refers to the component inductance generated in the Y direction by the electric field E passing through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100. Y C refers to the component resistance in the Y direction generated by the electric field E passing through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100. Y It refers to the component capacitance generated in the Y direction when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100;

[0043] Because the parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance generated by the gaps between the metal patches 110 in the X and Y directions are inconsistent after the cover 100 rotates, the Z... X and Z YThe reactance components are inconsistent. Therefore, the rotation angle of the cover 100 is adjusted to change Z. X and Z Y The modulus between the values ​​is adjusted by changing the rotation angle of the cover 100 to Z. X and Z Y The moduli are equal, that is,

[0044] = ,

[0045] Simultaneously satisfying Z X and Z Y When the phase difference between them is π / 2, that is, when the electric field E X and E Y The phase difference is π / 2, which converts the linearly polarized wave generated by the antenna element 200 into a circularly polarized wave; correspondingly,

[0046] When implemented At this time, it is possible to convert the linearly polarized wave generated by the antenna element 200 into right-hand circularly polarized radiation;

[0047] When implemented At this time, it is possible to convert the linearly polarized wave generated by the antenna element 200 into left-hand circularly polarized radiation;

[0048] When implemented At that time, the antenna element can generate a 200° linearly polarized wave, which is still linearly polarized radiation;

[0049] When implemented When the value is other, it can convert the linearly polarized wave generated by the antenna element 200 into elliptical polarized radiation.

[0050] Furthermore, by rotating the dome 100, the linearly polarized wave generated by the antenna element 200 can be converted into an elliptically polarized wave or a circularly polarized wave according to the usage requirements, realizing flexible adjustment of the signal processed by the antenna system. Moreover, the structure is simple. Compared with existing circularly polarized antennas (such as quad-arm helical antennas, microstrip antennas, cross-symmetric array antennas, and coplanar waveguide circularly polarized antennas), it not only realizes stepless switching control of antenna polarization, but also eliminates complex structures such as feed networks and multiple structural units, simplifying the system structure, reducing the processing difficulty and processing cost, improving the space utilization of the antenna system, and realizing the miniaturization of the antenna system.

[0051] It should be noted that quad-arm spiral antennas require a quarter-wavelength reflecting cavity, resulting in disadvantages such as large antenna size, complex structure, complex manufacturing, and high profile, which are not conducive to antenna miniaturization and low profile design, and are rarely used in practical engineering applications. Microstrip circularly polarized antennas have very narrow bandwidth, and require complex feeding networks to extend the bandwidth. The feeding networks are usually lossy networks, which will reduce the power amplifier output power and lower the overall EIRP, while increasing system noise and degrading the antenna's G / T value. Coplanar waveguide circularly polarized antennas have no metal ground structure, which is very limiting in engineering applications.

[0052] Similarly, when the antenna unit 200 is working as a receiver, the cover 100 can be rotated according to the type of signal wave to be received, so that the signal wave is converted from a circularly polarized wave or an elliptically polarized wave to a linearly polarized wave as it passes through the cover to the antenna unit 200, thereby achieving flexible adjustment of the signal wave reception type.

[0053] In some embodiments, to enable the metal patch 110 to change the electric field of the antenna element 200 during the rotation stroke of at least a portion of the cover 100, and to switch the linearly polarized wave to an elliptically polarized wave or a circularly polarized wave, the size of the metal patch 110 can be gradually increased along the rotation direction of the cover, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the gradual increase in size can be achieved through a smooth transition, a step-like gradual increase, or a combination of both. This allows the electric field E in the X direction to increase in size gradually. X and the component E in the Y direction Y The path will change after passing through the metal patch 110, and the resulting parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance will change accordingly.

[0054] In some embodiments, to achieve the effect of changing the electric field of the antenna element 200 and switching the linearly polarized wave to an elliptically polarized wave or a circularly polarized wave during the rotation stroke of at least a portion of the shroud 100, the size of the metal patch 110 can be gradually reduced along the rotation direction of the shroud. Specifically, the gradual reduction in size can be a smooth transition, a stepped gradual reduction, or a combination of both. This allows the electric field E in the X direction to... X and the component E in the Y direction Y The path will change after passing through the metal patch 110, and the resulting parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance will change accordingly.

[0055] Specifically, the cover 100 is provided with a plurality of metal patches 110, and the gap between two adjacent metal patches 110 gradually increases, decreases or remains unchanged along the rotation direction of the cover 100, so as to cooperate with the rotation of the cover 100 to achieve a gradual increase or decrease in the parasitic capacitance and parasitic resistance of the metal patches 110.

[0056] In some embodiments, the metal patch 110 is at least one of the following shapes: polygonal, circular, elliptical, sector-shaped, semi-circular, annular, and irregular. Figures 3-7 As shown.

[0057] In some embodiments, the metal patches 110 are arranged in an array to facilitate the design of the rotation angle of the cover 100 and the controllable conversion of the corresponding linearly polarized wave to an elliptically polarized wave or a circularly polarized wave.

[0058] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the antenna system also includes a carrier 400, the antenna element 200 is disposed on the carrier 400, and the cover 100 is rotatably connected to the carrier 400. The carrier 400 is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, an antenna element 200 can be set on the carrier 400 to form a single antenna system.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, multiple arrayed antenna elements 200 can be arranged on the carrier 400 to form a uniformly distributed phased array antenna system.

[0061] In some embodiments, multiple antenna elements 200 may be disposed on the carrier 400 to form a non-uniformly distributed phased array antenna system.

[0062] Specifically, the carrier 400 is provided with an integrated radio frequency front-end system 300, and the antenna unit 200 is connected to the integrated radio frequency front-end system 300. When the antenna unit 200 is used as a transmitter, the integrated radio frequency front-end system 300 is used to realize signal gain amplification, phase shifting and attenuation; when the antenna unit 200 is used as a receiver, the integrated radio frequency front-end system 300 is used to realize low-noise signal amplification, phase shifting and attenuation.

[0063] Specifically, the radome 100 has wave-transmitting characteristics, so that it does not affect the gain, radiation pattern, and echo of the antenna element. The radome 100 can be an antenna cover for protecting the antenna element 200, or it can be a support frame for mounting the metal patch 110. In this embodiment, the radome 100 is preferably used as an antenna cover for protecting the antenna element 200.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] This application provides an electronic device, including the antenna system in embodiment 1.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna system, characterized in that, include An antenna element is used to transmit or receive linearly polarized waves along a first direction. When the antenna element is used to transmit linearly polarized waves along the first direction, the first direction is the signal transmission direction of the antenna element. When the antenna element is used to receive linearly polarized waves along the first direction, the first direction is the signal reception direction of the antenna element. The shroud is located on the path of the antenna element transmitting or receiving linearly polarized waves, and has a rotational stroke between the shroud and the antenna element around a first direction. A metal patch is provided on the shroud, which is used to change the electric field of the antenna element during at least part of the rotational stroke, so as to switch the linearly polarized wave to an elliptical or circularly polarized wave, or to switch the elliptical or circularly polarized wave to a linearly polarized wave.

2. The antenna system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The size of the metal patch gradually increases or decreases along the rotation direction of the cover.

3. The antenna system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cover is provided with multiple metal patches. The gap between two adjacent metal patches gradually increases, decreases, or remains unchanged along the rotation direction of the cover, so as to cooperate with the rotation of the cover to achieve a gradual increase or decrease in the parasitic capacitance and parasitic resistance of the metal patches.

4. The antenna system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The metal patch is at least one of the following shapes: polygonal, circular, elliptical, fan-shaped, semi-circular, annular, and irregular.

5. The antenna system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The multiple metal patches are arranged in an array or not.

6. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The antenna system also includes a carrier, the antenna unit is disposed on the carrier, and the cover is rotatably connected to the carrier.

7. The antenna system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The carrier is provided with at least one antenna element; or, the carrier is provided with multiple antenna elements arranged in an array.

8. The antenna system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The carrier is equipped with an integrated radio frequency front-end system, and the antenna unit is connected to the integrated radio frequency front-end system.

9. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The cover is transparent to light.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the antenna system described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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