Method for improving ash yard soil in northwest arid region

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving ash yard soil in northwest arid regions. The method for improving the ash yard soil in the northwest arid region comprises the following steps: carrying out earthing treatment on soil to be improved; the improvement method has the advantages that the soil body structure can be effectively improved, the soil of the gray yard is changed into black yellow and yellow from gray and grey yellow, a native vegetation community with the stipa brachycarpa as a colonization species is formed, the soil quality is improved, and the soil quality is improved. Therefore, the plant diversity of the ash yard is enriched, and the recovery of native vegetation is facilitated; effective improvement and vegetation restoration of the ash yard soil in the northwest arid region can be achieved, the agriculture and animal husbandry production capacity of the ash yard soil in the northwest arid region is restored, and the on-site and surrounding ecological environment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular relates to a method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of northwest China. Background Art

[0002] The Northwest Arid Region is one of the three major natural regions in China. It is located deep inland, with little precipitation and a dry climate. The vegetation is mainly desert and desert steppe, the soil contains a lot of saline and alkali, and the water system is extremely underdeveloped. It mainly relies on the melting water of alpine ice and snow for irrigation. The natural conditions in the region are suitable for the development of animal husbandry, photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation projects, but the soil salinization, desertification and wind sand are serious hazards.

[0003] For the construction of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, unused land can be used, but agricultural land shall not be occupied; inferior land can be used, but good land shall not be occupied. However, how to scientifically, orderly, long-term and sustainablely carry out comprehensive ecological management of the environment of new energy sites and carry out supporting soil improvement at the same time, and restore the agricultural and pastoral and grassland productivity of the land resources of new energy sites is the only way for national energy development, and it is also an important new research and development topic in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, ecology and environmental science today. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China, aiming to solve the problem that ash fields in arid areas of northwest China are seriously polluted and vegetation cannot grow.

[0005] The present application provides a method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China, comprising the following steps: covering the soil to be improved; planting Stipa breviflora on the soil after covering and applying fertilizer.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, the soil used for covering includes Northwest sandy loam and farmyard-rotted fertilizer.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, the mass ratio of the Northwest sandy loam and the farmyard-rotted fertilizer is (6-10):2.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, the thickness of the covering soil is 15-18 cm.

[0009] According to some implementations of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, the planting method of Stipa breviflora is slit-row sowing.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, the sowing amount of Stipa breviflora is 10-13 g / m 2.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, the sowing depth of the Stipa breviflora is 2-4 cm.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, the sowing row spacing of Stipa breviflora is 35-40 cm.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, the fertilizer used for fertilization includes potassium humate.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, the application amount of potassium humate is 40-60g / m 2 / Year.

[0015] According to some implementation methods of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China described in the present application, fertilization is carried out twice a year, the first fertilization time is the tillering period of Stipa breviflora, and the second fertilization time is the filling period of Stipa breviflora. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0017] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0018] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China, comprising the following steps: covering the soil to be improved; planting Stipa breviflora on the soil after covering and applying fertilizer.

[0019] Stipa breviflora is not very demanding on soil. The soil covering the ash field does not need to be too thick. Generally, the tillage layer of agricultural soil is sufficient. In addition, Stipa breviflora is a native plant in the arid desert area of ​​the northwest. It has strong drought resistance and does not require too many irrigations during cultivation. Generally, it only needs irrigation three times a year. It has low requirements for soil fertility, does not require too much nutrition, and is resistant to barrenness. At the same time, it is one of the community-building species in the northwest desert Gobi. Its growth can establish a good vegetation growth environment for the arid ash fields in the northwest.

[0020] Before covering the soil, in order to avoid dust, the surface of the ash field is sealed with water by spraying or watering regularly to keep it moist, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing dust. Then the ground is leveled by machinery to make the terrain flat, and then covered with geotextile (the thickness of the geotextile is 0.5cm), and then covered with soil.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the soil used for the covering includes Northwest sandy loam and farmyard manure. Farmyard manure can provide rich organic matter and nutrients to the gray soil. In addition, covering with sandy loam can prevent the gray soil from alkali-reversing and causing the soil to become hard and compact. Loose sandy loam can also quickly decompose the farmyard manure by taking advantage of the large temperature difference between day and night in the arid northwest region.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the Northwest sandy loam and the farmyard-rotted fertilizer is (6-10):2, for example, 6:2, 7:2, 8:2, 9:2, 10:2, etc.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the soil covering is 15-18 cm, such as 15 cm, 16 cm, 17 cm or 18 cm. The soil covering thickness of 15-18 cm is equivalent to being between the tillage layer and the plow bottom layer on the farmland. The plow bottom layer generally has fewer plant roots and can provide less nutrition. The tillage layer above the plow bottom layer (generally a soil layer between 0-15 cm) is a soil layer that provides nutrient elements for plant growth, and is also a region where plant roots are widely distributed and absorbs and conserves water. Therefore, plants can grow normally within this soil covering thickness, and it is a relatively economical soil covering thickness.

[0024] When the thickness of the soil covering is 20cm, 30cm, 40cm or 50cm, the cost of soil covering is increased, and it will promote soil compaction and salinization, causing the soil structure to become seriously solid, making it impossible for plants to grow and take root.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the planting method of the short-flowered Stipa is slit-row sowing. After the short-flowered Stipa seeds mature and fall off, due to its special structure, under suitable soil conditions, they can quickly drill into the soil by rotation and grow seedlings in the autumn of the same year. Short-flowered Stipa is not strict on soil requirements, grows fast, has strong adaptability, and can complete its entire life cycle on poor soil. Short-flowered Stipa is not exclusive and can grow well on gray-calcium soil, brown-calcium soil, gravelly soil, and soil with thin soil layers. It has the advantages of being relatively drought-resistant, highly adaptable to wind and sand, fast regeneration, grazing resistance, trampling resistance, barrenness resistance, saline-alkali resistance, and early greening.

[0026] When Stipa brevifolia is in the yellowing stage, the leaves and stems of other plants may be blown away by the winds in spring, autumn and winter, but its leaves and stems are still preserved based on the roots, which can also prevent wind and consolidate the soil, while intercepting dust, soil particles, sand in the atmosphere and seeds, stems, leaves, snowfall, etc. of other plants blown by strong winds.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, the sowing rate of Stipa breviflora is 10-13 g / m 2 , for example 10g / m 2 , 11g / m 2 , 12g / m 2 , 13g / m 2 wait.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the sowing depth of the Stipa breviflora is 2-4 cm, for example, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, etc.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the sowing row spacing of Stipa breviflora is 35-40 cm, such as 35 cm, 36 cm, 37 cm, 38 cm, 40 cm, etc. The row spacing provides a good living space for germination, growth and reproduction of other plant seeds and self-reproducing seeds, thereby enriching the diversity of plants and creating a natural native vegetation community.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present application, the fertilizer used for fertilization includes potassium humate. Potassium humate can activate compacted soil, improve soil aggregate structure, improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and can also adjust pH value, reduce the content of heavy metals in the soil, and reduce the harm of salt ions to plant seeds and seedlings. In addition, potassium humate also has the effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, and potassium activation; it has a good synergistic effect on potassium fertilizer, can strengthen the adhesion and rapid absorption capacity of plant roots, and has a significant effect on physiological diseases caused by the lack of trace elements.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present application, the amount of potassium humate applied is 40-60 g / m 2 / year, e.g. 40g / m 2 / year, 45g / m2 / year, 50g / m 2 / year, 53g / m 2 / year, 60g / m 2 / year, etc.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, fertilization is performed twice a year, the first fertilization time is during the tillering period of Stipa breviflora, and the second fertilization time is during the filling period of Stipa breviflora.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present application, the improved method also includes field management. After applying potassium humate, water thoroughly once, and water once every 4-5 days to promote germination and rooting. After the seedlings emerge, they will naturally slow down. When the seedlings are 12cm-15cm tall, they can be watered once for tillering. After that, they will naturally overwinter and turn green without special maintenance. In the later stage, the general maintenance is to observe pests. The pests include locusts, aphids, middle flower beetles, flower leeches, etc. The newly developed 2.5% highly effective chlorfenapyr (low toxicity) 700-800 times solution can be used for spraying and prevention. Spray once a week for two consecutive weeks. When the ears reach the waxy stage, the seeds can be harvested manually.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China comprises the following steps: covering the soil to be improved with soil, wherein the soil used for covering includes northwest sandy loam and farmyard decomposed fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the northwest sandy loam to the farmyard decomposed fertilizer is 8:2, and the thickness of the covering soil is 16 cm.

[0036] Plant Stipa breviflora on the soil after covering. The planting method of Stipa breviflora is slotted sowing, and the sowing rate of Stipa breviflora is 12g / m 2 The sowing depth is 3cm, the sowing row spacing is 35cm, and potassium humate is applied after sowing. The application rate of potassium humate is 50g / m 2 / year, fertilization is carried out twice a year, the first fertilization time is the tillering stage of Stipa brevifolia, and the second fertilization time is the filling stage of Stipa brevifolia.

[0037] After applying potassium humate, water thoroughly once, and water once every 5 days to promote germination and rooting. After the seedlings emerge, they will naturally slow down. When the seedlings are 12 cm tall, they can be watered once for tillering. After that, they will naturally overwinter and turn green again, and no special maintenance is required. In the later stage, general maintenance is to observe pests. Pests include locusts, aphids, middle flower beetles, flower leeches, etc. The newly developed 2.5% highly effective chlorfenapyr (low toxicity) 700 times liquid spray can be used for prevention and control. Spray once a week for two consecutive weeks. When the ears reach the waxy stage, the seeds can be harvested manually.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China comprises the following steps: covering the soil to be improved with soil, wherein the soil used for covering includes northwest sandy loam and farmyard decomposed fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the northwest sandy loam to the farmyard decomposed fertilizer is 6:2, and the thickness of the covering soil is 17 cm.

[0040] Plant Stipa breviflora on the soil after covering. The planting method of Stipa breviflora is slotted sowing, and the sowing rate of Stipa breviflora is 10g / m 2 The sowing depth is 2cm, the sowing row spacing is 30cm, and potassium humate is applied after sowing. The application rate of potassium humate is 45g / m 2 / year, fertilization is carried out twice a year, the first fertilization time is the tillering stage of Stipa brevifolia, and the second fertilization time is the filling stage of Stipa brevifolia.

[0041] After applying potassium humate, water thoroughly once, and water once every 5 days to promote germination and rooting. After the seedlings emerge, they will naturally slow down. When the seedlings are 12 cm tall, they can be watered once for tillering. After that, they will naturally overwinter and turn green again, and no special maintenance is required. In the later stage, general maintenance is to observe pests. Pests include locusts, aphids, middle flower beetles, flower leeches, etc. The newly developed 2.5% highly effective chlorfenapyr (low toxicity) 700 times liquid spray can be used for prevention and control. Spray once a week for two consecutive weeks. When the ears reach the waxy stage, the seeds can be harvested manually.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] A method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China comprises the following steps: covering the soil to be improved with soil, wherein the soil used for covering includes northwest sandy loam and farmyard decomposed fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the northwest sandy loam to the farmyard decomposed fertilizer is 10:2, and the thickness of the covering soil is 18 cm.

[0044] Plant Stipa breviflora on the soil after covering. The planting method of Stipa breviflora is slotted sowing, and the sowing rate of Stipa breviflora is 13g / m 2 The sowing depth is 4cm, the sowing row spacing is 40cm, and potassium humate is applied after sowing. The application rate of potassium humate is 60g / m 2 / year, fertilization is carried out twice a year, the first fertilization time is the tillering stage of Stipa brevifolia, and the second fertilization time is the filling stage of Stipa brevifolia.

[0045] After applying potassium humate, water thoroughly once, and water once every 5 days to promote germination and rooting. After the seedlings emerge, they will naturally slow down. When the seedlings are 12 cm tall, they can be watered once for tillering. After that, they will naturally overwinter and turn green again, and no special maintenance is required. In the later stage, general maintenance is to observe pests. Pests include locusts, aphids, middle flower beetles, flower leeches, etc. The newly developed 2.5% highly effective chlorfenapyr (low toxicity) 700 times liquid spray can be used for prevention and control. Spray once a week for two consecutive weeks. When the ears reach the waxy stage, the seeds can be harvested manually.

[0046] In 2022, the inventor selected an ash field in the arid northwest region as an experimental field, and improved the experimental field using the improvement method described in Example 1 of this application. The soil composition was tested every year and the planting conditions of Stipa brevifolia in the ash field were recorded. The test and recording results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

[0047] Table 1

[0048] years Whole Salt <![CDATA[CO3 2- ]]> <![CDATA[HCO3 - ]]> <![CDATA[Cl - ]]> <![CDATA[SO4 2- ]]> <![CDATA[Ca 2+ ]]> <![CDATA[Mg 2+ ]]> <![CDATA[Na + +K + ]]> ％ mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg 2022 0.91725 150 350.75 1448.4 4080 2440 36.6 2369.3 2023 0.43147 75 152.5 596.4 2256 1260 196.8 1110.4 2024 0.07844 4 15.25 113.6 683 160 268.4 517.9 Organic matter Available Phosphorus Fast-Acting Potassium Hydrolyzable Nitrogen pH Conductivity ％ mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg ms / cm 2022 1.26 4.55 46.05 27.27 8.92 2.18 2023 12.76 10.14 122.34 91.4 8.36 1.26 2024 28.34 19.89 250.71 144.82 7.21 0.7

[0049] As can be seen from Table 1, planting Stipa brevis for soil improvement in the arid northwestern region has achieved significant results in the past three years. Alkaline salts such as carbonates, sulfates, bicarbonates, chloride ions, and toxic and harmful substances in the soil have decreased significantly, reaching the level of soil used in normal agricultural and animal husbandry production. In addition, the amount of calcium ions, magnesium ions, sodium ions, and potassium ions that cause salt and alkali in the soil has decreased significantly, and the conductivity has tended to be within the normal range of 0.05-0.7ms / cm for agricultural and animal husbandry production. The soil pH has been improved from strong alkalinity to neutrality, the soil organic matter content has been improved from extremely low level 6 to high content level 2, the available potassium content has been improved from extremely low level 6 to low level 5, the available phosphorus content has been improved from extremely low level 6 to medium level 3, and the hydrolyzable nitrogen content has been improved from extremely low level 6 to high content level 2.

[0050] Table 2

[0051]

[0052] It can be seen from Table 2 that in the past three years, Stipa breviflora has been a very suitable plant variety for soil improvement in ash fields in the arid northwest region. It can complete its entire life cycle after being planted in ash fields in the arid northwest region. At the same time, it can safely overwinter (oversummer) and turn green in hot and water-scarce arid conditions and in cold continental climate zones with large temperature differences between day and night. It also forms a large amount of aboveground biomass, effectively playing a role in preventing wind and sand and conserving soil and water, and providing the soil with a large amount of humus and a stable soil layer.

[0053] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The soil to be improved is covered with soil; Stipa brevisflower is planted on the covered soil and fertilizer is applied.

2. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil used for the covering soil includes Northwest sandy loam and farmyard decomposed fertilizer; Preferably, the mass ratio of the Northwest sandy loam and the farmyard-rotted fertilizer is (6-10):

2.

3. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the covering soil is 15-18 cm.

4. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting method of Stipa breviflora is slit-row sowing.

5. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sowing rate of the short-flowered Stipa is 10-13 g / m 2 .

6. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sowing depth of the Stipa breviflora is 2-4 cm.

7. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sowing row spacing of the Stipa breviflora is 35-40 cm.

8. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer used in the fertilization includes potassium humate.

9. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 8, characterized in that: The amount of potassium humate applied is 40-60 g / m 2 / Year.

10. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China according to claim 8, characterized in that: Fertilization is carried out twice a year. The first fertilization is carried out during the tillering period of Stipa brevifolia, and the second fertilization is carried out during the filling period of Stipa brevifolia.

Images