Seed fertilizer suitable for simultaneous sowing of cotton seed fertilizer as well as preparation method and application of seed fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a seed fertilizer suitable for simultaneous sowing of cotton seed fertilizer and a preparation method and application, the seed fertilizer is composed of urea, ammonium polyphosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium heptamolybdate, ethylenediamine ferric o-dihydroxyacetate, biostimulant and polyacrylamide, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: fully mixing the raw materials in batches by using a three-dimensional mixer, weighing and sub-packaging to obtain the seed fertilizer. The problem of accelerated moisture absorption caused by direct contact of urea easy to absorb moisture, mineral source potassium fulvate and polyacrylamide is effectively avoided; potassium sulfate is added, absorption of water vapor is effectively prevented, so that no moisture-proof agent is added, the added polyacrylamide has a water retention function, and seed fertilizer is applied into soil and cotton seeds are sown into the soil at the same time by utilizing a cotton seed fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine; according to the seed fertilizer formula and the application method, the problems of serious soil-borne diseases, insufficient soil fertilizer supply capability, insufficient development, poor resistance and the like in the cotton seedling stage can be solved, and the problems of cotton yield reduction and fiber quality reduction caused by the problems can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seed fertilizers, and more specifically relates to a seed fertilizer suitable for cotton, a preparation method of the seed fertilizer for cotton, and an application of the seed fertilizer suitable for cotton in cotton. Background Art

[0002] In cotton production, the lack of maturity of seed fertilizer application technology can reduce fertilizer utilization and cotton yield at best, or cause seedling burn, seedling shortage, or even a complete lack of yield in the entire plot. Cotton seedlings are sensitive to nitrogen and phosphorus. Deficiency in the seedling stage will inhibit cotton growth and ultimately affect yield. Adequate supply of nitrogen and phosphorus in the seedling stage can promote early growth and development of cotton and increase yield.

[0003] The existing method of applying basal fertilizer in cotton-growing areas is to broadcast it throughout the tillage layer, which makes it impossible for the fertilizer in wide rows to be fully absorbed, resulting in partial fertilizer shortage in the root system. Too much fertilizer in narrow rows is prone to seedling burn, which seriously affects cotton yield. The dry sowing and wet emergence technology is commonly used, and no basal fertilizer is applied, which will cause insufficient nutrient supply during the cotton seedling and bud stages, thus affecting yield. At the same time, low temperatures during the emergence stage will lead to a decrease in the germination rate and emergence rate of cotton seeds; low temperatures during the seedling stage will reduce the respiration, photosynthetic efficiency, and disease resistance of the cotton plants, resulting in delayed seedling growth. If the damage time is prolonged, it will cause a large area of ​​stunted and dead seedlings, directly affecting cotton yield and quality.

[0004] Some cotton-growing areas are short of water and drought, and their soil is poor, resulting in low and unstable cotton yields and poor fiber quality. In addition, warming in spring is conducive to the reproduction and spread of soil pathogens. In case of rainy weather, the roots of cotton seedlings are relatively young and tender, and their disease resistance is weak, making them susceptible to infection and rot. Some cotton fields are rich in salt ions and have a high pH, ​​which often leads to nutritional disorders and ion imbalances. The alkaline soil environment will also cause the volatilization loss of nitrogen fertilizers, which in turn affects the nutrient absorption and growth and development of cotton, and is not conducive to the formation of cotton yield and quality. Some cotton fields are further subdivided into garlic-covered cotton and garlic-post-direct-seeding cotton. During the process of transplanting seedlings from the nursery bed to the field, some root system damage and death are prone to occur, resulting in serious water loss in the aboveground stems and leaves and underground roots of the cotton seedlings, which prolongs the seedling acclimatization period and causes "dead seedlings" or "old and small seedlings". In the seedling stage of direct-seeding cotton, it is necessary to dig trenches and apply compound fertilizers, which increases time and labor costs.

[0005] In the prior art, slow-release nitrogen and potash fertilizers and common nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc and sulfur fertilizers are used to prepare cotton seed fertilizers. The seed fertilizers are sown once and no additional fertilizer is applied in the later stage. They are publicly applied to direct-seeding cotton after rapeseed or wheat harvest. They are not applicable to the drip irrigation cotton planting mode in Xinjiang cotton areas (drip irrigation is required for water and fertilizer in the later stage). There are also some seed fertilizer production processes that are relatively complex and have high application costs. The prepared seed fertilizers fail to fully solve the nutrient needs of cotton in the early stage of growth and development, as well as the adverse factors such as low temperature, rainfall, salinity and alkali in the seedling stage, and the young and tender root system and insufficient photosynthetic capacity that lead to difficult emergence, weak emergence and seedling diseases, as well as the resulting reduction in cotton yield and reduced fiber quality. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention aims to provide a seed fertilizer suitable for cotton seed and fertilizer co-sowing, which has a reasonable formula and is easy to use. The seed fertilizer is prepared by mixing a certain proportion of urea, ammonium polyphosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium heptamolybdate, ethylenediamine dihydroxyacetic acid iron (EDDHA-Fe), a biostimulant (a combination of humic acid, potassium humate from mineral sources, and amino acid raw powder) and polyacrylamide. The formula has reasonable nutrients, and in addition to macronutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, a medium-amount element of sulfur (from potassium sulfate with a sulfur content of 16%), a small amount of trace elements of molybdenum (from ammonium heptamolybdate with a molybdenum content of 54%) and iron (from EDDHA-Fe with an iron content of 6%), a biostimulant (a combination of humic acid, potassium humate from mineral sources, and amino acid raw powder) and a soil water-retaining agent (polyacrylamide). The product can effectively meet the nutrient demand of cotton in the early stage, improve the stress resistance of cotton plants, and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seed fertilizer at the same time. The method is easy to implement and simple to operate. The potassium sulfate in the raw material has low moisture absorption, is not easy to agglomerate, and has stable physical properties. After the potassium sulfate is mixed with raw materials that are easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, such as urea, biostimulant (a combination of humic acid, mineral potassium humate, and amino acid raw powder) and soil water-retaining agent (polyacrylamide), it can prevent the raw materials from agglomerating.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers at the same time for use in field application. Through potted plant tests and field plot tests, it is verified that the problems of difficult emergence, weak emergence and seedling diseases caused by adverse factors such as low temperature, rainfall, salinity and alkali in the external environment of cotton seedlings and the tender root system and insufficient photosynthetic capacity of the cotton seedlings are solved, and the cotton yield and fiber quality are successfully improved.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] A seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, which is made of the following raw materials by mass fraction:

[0012]

[0013] The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), sulfur (S), molybdenum (Mo), and iron (Fe) contents of the cotton seed fertilizer sown with the above seed fertilizer are as follows:

[0014]

[0015] A seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, which is made of the following raw materials by mass fraction (preferred range):

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), sulfur (S), molybdenum (Mo), and iron (Fe) contents of the cotton seed fertilizer sown with the above seed fertilizer are (preferred range):

[0019]

[0020] Among the above 9 raw materials, the most critical ones are ammonium heptamolybdate, EDDHA-Fe, mineral potassium humate and polyacrylamide. Among them, ammonium heptamolybdate mainly provides molybdenum nutrition and promotes the activity of rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Molybdenum also has the function of promoting nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis of cotton, and improving the resistance of cotton to low temperature stress. EDDHA-Fe is mainly used to improve the absorption and utilization rate of iron. Iron is one of the least mobile elements in cotton. Iron deficiency can easily cause the entire leaf to turn yellow or white and fall off, or even the entire leaf to fall off, which seriously reduces the photosynthesis of cotton plants. The saline-alkali soil environment of Xinjiang cotton fields is very prone to iron deficiency. Mineral potassium humate (biostimulant) mainly helps cotton plants resist adversity and activate soil phosphorus. At the same time, biostimulants also have coordination and chelation functions. After mixing with trace elements, they can be better absorbed and utilized by cotton. Polyacrylamide (soil water-retaining agent) absorbs, stores and retains water in the soil, which can effectively improve the drought resistance of cotton. Although cotton seedlings require less fertilizer, they are very sensitive to the lack of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, especially phosphorus. Seed fertilizer mainly supplies the early nutritional needs of cotton, especially before the bud stage, so the seed fertilizer formula increases the proportion of phosphorus, promotes cotton photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, and determines the optimal mass fraction of various raw materials. The ratio of N: P2O5: K2O in the seed fertilizer is 1:2:1, which is more in line with the early nutrient absorption, dry matter accumulation and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of cotton. Ammonium polyphosphate was selected as the phosphorus source mainly because the raw material itself has chelating ability and is not easily precipitated and fixed. At the same time, the proportion of P2O5 in the fertilizer is relatively high, which effectively solves the problem of low phosphorus effectiveness caused by soil phosphorus fixation. Through the above measures, the present invention has outstanding advantages over existing seed fertilizers in terms of raw material ratio, nutrient effectiveness, formula stability, functionality, etc.; ammonium polyphosphate is preferred to solve the early nutrient demand of cotton, and full consideration is given to improving nutrient effectiveness; by adding mineral nutrients and biostimulants, the stress resistance of cotton seedlings is improved; secondly, soil water-retaining agents are added to further improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capabilities; and potassium sulfate, a fertilizer raw material, is innovatively used as a desiccant to prevent the seed fertilizer from absorbing moisture and agglomerating.

[0021] A method for preparing seed fertilizer suitable for simultaneous sowing of cotton seed and fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0022] A. First, use a pulverizer to grind 5-55 parts of urea and sieve them through 50-70 meshes;

[0023] B. Fully mix the crushed and sieved urea, 10-60 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.1-5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 0.1-5 parts of EDDHA-Fe and 3-16 parts of potassium sulfate to prepare a premix 1;

[0024] C. Fully mix the biostimulant (a combination of 0.1-5 parts of humic acid, 1-10 parts of mineral potassium humate, and 0.1-5 parts of amino acid raw powder) and 3-17 parts of potassium sulfate to prepare premix 2;

[0025] D. Fully mix 1-10 parts of polyacrylamide and 4-17 parts of potassium sulfate to prepare premix 3;

[0026] E. Finally, premix 1, premix 2 and premix 3 are fully mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0027] F. The fertilizer raw materials obtained in step E are mixed and granulated in a granulator to prepare mixed granules, which are weighed and packaged and stored in a cool and ventilated place at room temperature to obtain a seed fertilizer suitable for cotton.

[0028] Preferably, a three-dimensional mixer is used in steps B to E.

[0029] The preparation method is simple; the raw material nutrient ratio is reasonable; the properties between the components are stable; it is environmentally friendly and ecologically safe; and it is easy to promote and apply.

[0030] Among the above measures, steps A and B complete the mixing of nitrogen, phosphorus and part of potassium raw materials, step C completes the mixing of biostimulants and part of potassium raw materials, and step D completes the mixing of soil water retaining agent (polyacrylamide) and part of potassium raw materials. The mixing of steps B, C and D effectively avoids the problem of accelerated moisture absorption caused by direct contact of urea, mineral potassium humate and polyacrylamide that are easy to absorb moisture; potassium sulfate is added to B, C and D. By mixing potassium sulfate with moisture-absorbing raw materials (urea, mineral potassium humate and polyacrylamide), the absorption of water vapor in the environment by moisture-absorbing raw materials can be effectively prevented; E and F fully mix and granulate the fertilizer raw materials, which is convenient for seed fertilizer and seeding machine fertilization. During the 48h cultivation process, the mass of cotton seed fertilizer finally obtained in step F only increased by 0.5%, indicating that through reasonable raw material selection and mixing, cotton seed fertilizer is not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, so it is not necessary to add moisture-proof agent to avoid increasing costs; in addition, the water-retaining function of the added polyacrylamide improves the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer.

[0031] A seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers simultaneously is used to solve the problems of difficult emergence, weak emergence and seedling diseases of cotton seedlings, and improve cotton yield and fiber quality. The seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers simultaneously is used in field application, and the steps are:

[0032] A. When sowing cotton, using a cotton seed and fertilizer sowing machine to simultaneously apply the seed fertilizer into the soil and sow cotton seeds into the soil;

[0033] B. The planting pattern is (66+10) or (64+12) cm, that is, the spacing between wide rows of cotton is 66 or 64 cm, and the spacing between narrow rows is 10 or 12 cm. The seed fertilizer is applied in the middle of the narrow row, 5 or 6 cm horizontally from the cotton row and 5 cm vertically from the ground surface. When the planting pattern is 76 cm or 80 cm row spacing, the seed fertilizer is applied to one side of each row of cotton, 5 cm horizontally from the cotton row and 5 cm vertically from the ground surface.

[0034] C. The dosage is 10-20kg per mu.

[0035] The invention discloses a seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers at the same time. The application amount per mu is 10-20kg, which can solve the demand of cotton for nutrients in the early growth and development, as well as the problems of difficult emergence, weak emergence and seedling diseases caused by adverse factors such as low temperature, rainfall, salinity and alkali in the seedling stage, and the young and tender root system and insufficient photosynthetic capacity, and the resulting problems of reduced cotton yield and reduced fiber quality.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

[0037] 1. Solve the problems of nutrient loss and reduced effectiveness caused by unstable physical and chemical properties or easy reaction between raw materials; select physiological acid fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus raw materials (ammonium polyphosphate), which effectively solves the problem of low phosphorus effectiveness caused by soil phosphorus fixation; secondly, develop the function of potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate) as a moisture-proof agent;

[0038] 2. Add biostimulants (a combination of humic acid, mineral potassium humate, and amino acid powder) to help cotton plants resist adversity, activate soil phosphorus, and chelate trace elements so that they can be better absorbed and utilized by cotton; finally, add soil water-retaining agent (polyacrylamide) to absorb, store, and retain water in the soil, effectively improving cotton's drought resistance and the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer.

[0039] 3. The selection of fertilizer raw materials and formula nutrients are more optimized, with strong problem-orientedness and wide adaptability; it promotes cotton seedling emergence and increases the resistance of cotton seedlings to soil-borne diseases, and the number of cotton seedlings surviving increases by 16%-24%, and the dry matter per plant increases by 15%-39%. At the same time, it significantly increases the number of bolls per plant, significantly reduces the initial node of fruit branches, and increases the yield of seed cotton. The yield of cotton fields in North China in the Yellow River Basin increased by 10.7%-24.2%, cotton fields in northern Xinjiang increased by 6.3%, and cotton fields in southern Xinjiang increased by 12.3%. It promotes cotton seedling emergence and increases the resistance of cotton seedlings to soil-borne diseases, increases the number of cotton seedlings surviving and the dry matter per plant, so that the number of bolls per plant and the yield of seed cotton in the cotton fields in North China in the Yellow River Basin and the cotton fields in Xinjiang are significantly increased, and the fiber quality is also significantly improved; it can solve the problems of serious soil-borne diseases in cotton seedlings, insufficient soil fertilizer supply capacity, insufficient self-development and poor resistance, as well as the resulting reduction in cotton yield and decline in fiber quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Embodiment 1:

[0041] A seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, which is made of the following raw materials by mass fraction:

[0042]

[0043] The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), sulfur (S), molybdenum (Mo), and iron (Fe) contents of the cotton seed fertilizer sown with the above seed fertilizer are as follows:

[0044]

[0045] A method for preparing seed fertilizer suitable for simultaneous sowing of cotton seed and fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0046] A. First, use a grinder to grind 11 parts of urea and sieve them to 50-70 mesh;

[0047] B. Using a three-dimensional mixer, the crushed and sieved urea, 49 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 1 part of EDDHA-Fe, and 8 parts of potassium sulfate are fully mixed to prepare a premix 1;

[0048] C. Use a three-dimensional mixer to fully mix the biostimulant (a combination of 1.5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of mineral potassium humate, and 2 parts of amino acid raw powder) and 8 parts of potassium sulfate to prepare premix 2;

[0049] D. Using a three-dimensional mixer, 5 parts of polyacrylamide and 9 parts of potassium sulfate are fully mixed to prepare a premix 3;

[0050] E. Finally, premix 1, premix 2 and premix 3 are fully mixed in a three-dimensional mixer at a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0051] F. The fully mixed fertilizer raw materials are mixed and granulated in a granulator to form mixed granules, which are weighed and packaged and stored in a cool and ventilated place at room temperature to obtain a seed fertilizer suitable for cotton.

[0052] Example 2 to Example 9: Preparation of a series of high-phosphorus, high-nitrogen, and high-nitrogen-phosphorus formulas suitable for seed and fertilizer co-sowing of cotton

[0053] A seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, which is made of the following raw materials by mass fraction (%):

[0054]

[0055] The preparation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0056] According to the cotton growth characteristics in different cotton producing areas / planting modes, Examples 2 to 9 are high phosphorus, high nitrogen, and high nitrogen-phosphorus series formulas, respectively. The selection and dosage of each raw material in the formula are determined according to the actual physical and chemical properties, effectively avoiding the change of raw material composition and the agglomeration of fertilizer raw materials due to antagonism and moisture absorption, and at the same time, innovatively using fertilizer raw material potassium sulfate as a moisture-proof agent to fully develop the function of the fertilizer raw material itself.

[0057] Embodiment 10: A moisture absorption law of a seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seed fertilizer simultaneously, characterized in that:

[0058] With urea and mineral potassium humate as controls, the moisture absorption law of cotton seed fertilizer was studied in a light culture room with the indoor temperature and relative humidity controlled at 28°C and 65% respectively. Disposable paper cups were used, each containing 10.00g of urea, mineral potassium humate or cotton seed fertilizer, and the positions were randomly arranged and opened for culture. The lids were covered and weighed at 0h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 48h, and the weight was recorded. Each treatment was repeated 6 times.

[0059] The results showed that mineral potassium humate absorbed moisture obviously in 0.5h, and the surface became dark and moist, and the surface became gelatinous after 48h; urea absorbed moisture in 6h, and the surface of the particles became moist and shiny, and the surface of the urea became agglomerated after 48h; polyacrylamide absorbed moisture obviously in 0.5h, began to absorb moisture and agglomerate, and the surface became gelatinous after 48h; the mass of cotton seed fertilizer only increased by 0.05g during the 48h cultivation process, which showed that cotton seed fertilizer was not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate through reasonable selection and mixing of raw materials.

[0060] Embodiment 11:

[0061] An application of a seed fertilizer (Example 1) suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers (stress resistance and disease resistance). In April 2022, an outdoor potted plant experiment was conducted to verify the effects of cotton seed fertilizers on adversity in the cotton seedling stage. The operation process is as follows: one cotton plant is planted in each pot, and the seed fertilizer is applied 5 cm horizontally from the cotton row and 5 cm vertically from the ground surface; the dosage is 20 kg per mu.

[0062] At the end of November 2015, 0-20 cm soil was collected from a long-term continuous cropping (15 years) cotton field with serious soil-borne diseases, and placed in a culture box. A randomized block design was used to set three fertilization treatments, namely: no basal fertilizer (no application), soil turning after spreading basal fertilizer (broadcasting), and basal fertilizer (seed fertilizer-Example 1) was applied with seed fertilizer, 50 seeds were sown in each box (single seed precision sowing), and 4 replicates were processed. The number of seedlings was investigated from the seedling stage (cotyledons were flattened), and the number of healthy cotton seedlings was investigated every 7 days after the cotyledons were flattened. The investigation was conducted for 3 consecutive times. After the last investigation, the surviving cotton seedlings were harvested and the cotton dry matter mass was determined.

[0063] As shown in Table 1, the treatments showed significant differences at the seedling stage. With the increase of days to emergence, the threat of soil-borne diseases to the health of cotton seedlings continued to increase, especially for the no-fertilization treatment and broadcasting treatment, which led to increasing differences among the treatments. The number of surviving cotton seedlings tended to stabilize 14 days after emergence. The number of surviving cotton seedlings in the seed fertilizer treatment increased by 24% and 16% compared with the no-fertilization treatment and broadcasting treatment, respectively, indicating that seed fertilizer has a significant effect on promoting cotton emergence and increasing the resistance of cotton seedlings to soil-borne diseases.

[0064] Table 1 Effects of different fertilization treatments on the number of cotton seedlings surviving

[0065]

[0066] As shown in Table 2, the dry matter mass per cotton seedling in the seed fertilizer treatment increased by 39% and 15% respectively compared with the no-fertilization treatment and broadcasting treatment, indicating that seed fertilizer has the effect of increasing the dry matter mass per cotton seedling.

[0067] Table 2 Effects of different fertilization treatments on dry matter mass per cotton plant

[0068]

[0069] Example 12: Comparative test of different fertilization treatments of Examples 1-4 at the bud stage and the flowering and boll stage

[0070] A seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers at the same time is applied in the field (a mature cotton field in North China in the Yellow River Basin cotton region), and its operation process is:

[0071] When sowing cotton, a cotton seed and fertilizer seeder is used to apply the seed fertilizer and cotton seeds into the soil at the same time; the planting pattern is 80 cm equal row spacing, and the seed fertilizer application position is 5 cm horizontally from the cotton row and 5 cm vertically from the ground surface; the dosage is 20 kg per mu.

[0072] The experiment was carried out in 2022 with a randomized block design and 6 fertilization treatments, namely: no basal fertilizer (no application), sowing basal fertilizer and then turning the soil (sowing, i.e. conventional control), and applying basal fertilizer at the same time as seed fertilizer (seed fertilizer-Examples 1-4). Field surveys were carried out at the seedling stage (June 7), bud stage (June 21) and flowering and boll stage (August 14), and finally the dry matter per plant, actual yield and cotton fiber quality were determined at the harvest period.

[0073] As shown in Table 3, in the cotton seedling stage, the plant height, stem diameter and leaf number of the seed fertilizer treatment (Examples 1-4) were increased compared with the non-treatment and broadcasting treatment, especially the dry matter per plant increased by 37.3%-55.7% and 10.9%-25.7%, respectively, indicating that the seed fertilizer has the effect of promoting the growth and development of cotton seedlings and increasing the dry matter mass of each plant, laying a good foundation for the cotton seedlings to enter reproductive growth (budding).

[0074] Table 3 Effects of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits and dry matter quality of cotton at seedling stage

[0075]

[0076] As can be seen from Table 4, at the bud stage of cotton, the plant height, stem diameter, number of buds and number of fruit branches of the seed fertilizer treatment (Examples 1-4) increased compared with the no treatment and broadcast application treatment, while the number of fruit branches tended to decrease, indicating that the seed fertilizer has a promoting effect on the early growth and development of cotton, laying a solid foundation for high cotton yield.

[0077] Table 4 Effects of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits of cotton at bud stage

[0078]

[0079] As shown in Table 5, during the flowering and bolling period of cotton, the plant height, number of fruit branches and number of bolls in the seed fertilizer treatment (Examples 1-4) increased compared with the no-fertilization treatment and the broadcasting treatment, while the shedding rate tended to decrease, indicating that the seed fertilizer has a promoting effect on the reproductive growth of cotton and shows a high yield advantage.

[0080] Table 5 Effects of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits of cotton during flowering and boll stage

[0081]

[0082] As shown in Table 6, the dry matter per plant, seed cotton yield and boll weight at harvest time of the seed fertilizer treatment (Examples 1-4) increased by 18.2%-24.2%, 9.6%-14.6%, and 4.9%-7.7% respectively compared with the treatment without fertilizer application; and increased by 5.4%-10.7%, 4.7%-9.4%, and 2.5%-5.2% respectively compared with the broadcasting treatment. As shown in Table 7, the average length of the upper half of the cotton fiber, the uniformity index, and the breaking strength of the seed fertilizer treatment (Examples 1-4) increased by 0.5mm-1.4mm, 2.0%-3.2%, and 0.9cN·tex respectively compared with the broadcasting treatment. -1 -1.8cN·tex -1 ; Compared with the broadcasting treatment, the increases were 0.4mm-1.2mm, 0.8%-2.0%, and 0.5cN·tex -1 -1.4cN·tex -1 .

[0083] Table 6 Effects of different fertilization treatments on dry matter per plant, yield and yield components of cotton at harvest time

[0084]

[0085] Table 7 Effects of different fertilization treatments on cotton fiber quality

[0086]

[0087] An application of a seed fertilizer (Example 1) suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers (in Xinjiang cotton area), the operation process of which is: when sowing cotton, the seed fertilizer is applied to the soil and the cotton seeds are sown into the soil at the same time using a cotton seed fertilizer sowing machine; the planting pattern in southern Xinjiang is (66+10) cm, that is, the cotton wide row spacing is 66 cm, the narrow row spacing is 10 cm, and the seed fertilizer is applied in the middle of the narrow row, 5 cm horizontally from the cotton row, and 5 cm vertically from the ground surface; the planting pattern in northern Xinjiang is 76 cm equal row spacing, and the dosage is 20 kg per mu. The experiment was carried out in 2023, and one test point was selected in northern Xinjiang and one test point was selected in southern Xinjiang. A randomized block design was used, and two fertilization treatments were set, namely: no basal fertilizer (no application), basal fertilizer was applied with seed fertilizer sowing (seed fertilizer-Example 1), and field surveys were carried out at the seedling stage (June 2) and the flower and boll stage (August 18), and finally the actual yield was collected and the cotton fiber quality was measured. As shown in Table 8, at the two test sites in northern and southern Xinjiang, the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and dry matter per plant of cotton treated with seed fertilizer at the seedling stage were significantly higher than those without treatment, especially the dry matter per plant increased by 34.7% and 24.7%, respectively, indicating that seed fertilizer has the effect of promoting the growth and development of cotton seedlings and increasing the dry matter mass of per plant, laying a good foundation for the cotton seedlings to enter reproductive growth (budding).

[0090] Table 8 Effects of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits of cotton during flowering and boll stage

[0091]

[0092] As shown in Table 9, at the two test sites in northern and southern Xinjiang, the number of cotton bolls in the seed fertilizer treatment during the flowering and boll period was significantly higher than that in the no-fertilization treatment, while the number of fruiting nodes on the fruit branches was significantly lower than that in the no-fertilization treatment. In addition, the plant height, number of fruiting branches and number of fruiting nodes all showed an upward trend, showing a high-yield advantage.

[0093] Table 9 Effects of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits of cotton during flowering and boll stage

[0094]

[0095] As shown in Table 10, the seed cotton yield and boll weight increased in the treatment of seed fertilizer compared with no treatment, increasing by 6.3% and 2.1% in northern Xinjiang and 12.3% and 6.6% in southern Xinjiang, respectively, with no significant effect on lint percentage. As shown in Table 11, the effect of seed fertilizer treatment on cotton fiber quality is mainly reflected in the average length of the upper half and the specific breaking strength, increasing by 0.8mm and 0.9cN·tex in northern Xinjiang, respectively. -1 , and southern Xinjiang increased by 1.5mm and 1.1cN·tex respectively -1 , but had no significant effect on uniformity index, micronaire value and elongation.

[0096] Table 10 Effects of different fertilization treatments on cotton yield and yield components

[0097]

[0098] Table 11 Effects of different fertilization treatments on cotton fiber quality

[0099]

[0100] Comparative Example 1: Comparative experiment of conventional seed fertilizer and seed fertilizer of Example 1

[0101] An application of seed fertilizer (Example 1 and conventional seed fertilizer) suitable for co-sowing cotton seed fertilizer (a mature cotton field in North China in the Yellow River Basin cotton region), the operation process is:

[0102] When sowing cotton, a cotton seed and fertilizer seeder is used to simultaneously apply the seed fertilizer to the soil and sow the cotton seeds into the soil; the planting pattern is 80 cm equal row spacing, and the seed fertilizer application position is 5 cm horizontally from the cotton row and 5 cm vertically from the ground surface; the dosage is 20 kg per mu (this amount is the seed fertilizer dosage in Example 1, and the conventional seed fertilizer treatment dosage is based on the experimental design).

[0103] The experiment was carried out in 2022, with a randomized block design and 7 fertilization treatments, namely: no basal fertilizer (no fertilization); spreading basal fertilizer and then turning the soil (broadcasting, conventional control); applying basal fertilizer at the same time as seed fertilizer (seed fertilizer-Example 1); conventional seed fertilizer 1 (urea 4kg / mu N 46%), see: Jin Weimin, Wei Qinglin. Appropriate amount of urea for cotton seed fertilizer [J]. Hubei Agricultural Science, 1987 (3): 42; conventional seed fertilizer 2 (heavy superphosphate 5kg / mu P2O5 46%), see: Bai Dengsha Maimaiti Aili, Ning Xinmin, Zhang Shaomin, et al. Effects of phosphate fertilizer as seed fertilizer strip application on cotton growth and yield [J]. China Cotton, 2012(12): 25-27; Conventional seed fertilizer 3 (diammonium phosphate 5kg / mu N: P2O5 = 18: 46), see: Bai Dengsha Maimaiti Aili, Ning Xinmin, Zhang Shaomin, et al. Effects of phosphate fertilizer as seed fertilizer strip application on cotton growth and yield [J]. China Cotton, 2012(12): 25-27; Conventional seed fertilizer 4 (heavy superphosphate 5kg / mu P2O5 46% and ammonium sulfate 35.7kg / mu N 21%), see: Zhang Shaomin, Bai Dengsha Maimaiti Aili, Liu Shenglin, et al. Root priming fertilizer can improve cotton phosphorus efficiency and yield [J]. Cotton Science, 2020, 32(2): 121-132. Field survey was conducted at the seedling stage (June 7) and actual yield was collected at the harvest stage.

[0104] As shown in Table 12, at the cotton seedling stage, the seed fertilizer treatment (Example 1) can significantly increase the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and dry matter per plant of cotton seedlings, especially the dry matter per plant is increased by 55.7%, 25.7% and 6.9%-23.8% compared with the no fertilization treatment, broadcasting treatment and conventional seed fertilizer 1-4, respectively.

[0105] Table 12 Effects of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits and dry matter quality of cotton at seedling stage

[0106]

[0107] As shown in Table 13, the seed cotton yield and boll weight at the harvest period of the seed fertilizer treatment (Example 1) increased by 14.6% and 7.7% respectively compared with the treatment without fertilizer application; increased by 9.4% and 5.2% respectively compared with the broadcasting treatment, and increased by 2.6%-7.8% and 1.8%-4.9% respectively compared with conventional seed fertilizers 1-4; the lint percentage of Example 1 was significantly higher than that of the treatment without fertilizer application, and there was no significant difference with other treatments. This shows that the seed fertilizer (Example 1) formula has the effect of promoting the growth and development of cotton seedlings and increasing the dry matter mass of individual plants, laying a good foundation for the cotton seedlings to enter reproductive growth (budding), with a significant yield-increasing effect, and has obvious advantages over existing seed fertilizer formulas.

[0108] Table 13 Effects of different fertilization treatments on cotton yield and yield composition at harvest time

[0109]

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[0111] Comparative Example 2: Comparative experiment of obtaining different products by changing the key steps of the preparation method of the present invention

[0112] An application of a seed fertilizer (Example 1 and different preparation methods) suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers together (a mature cotton field in North China in the Yellow River Basin cotton region), the operation process is:

[0113] When sowing cotton, the seed fertilizer and cotton seeds are sown into the soil at the same time using a cotton seed and fertilizer sowing machine; the planting pattern is 80 cm equal row spacing, the seed fertilizer is applied horizontally 5 cm from the cotton row and vertically 5 cm from the ground surface; the dosage is 20 kg per mu. The experiment was carried out in 2022, with a randomized block design, and 4 fertilization treatments were set, namely: no basal fertilizer (no application); sowing basal fertilizer and then turning the soil (sowing); sowing seed fertilizer and applying basal fertilizer (seed fertilizer-Example 1); sowing seed fertilizer and applying basal fertilizer (Example 10, the formula is the same as Example 1, all raw materials are directly mixed, and steps AF are not performed). Field surveys were conducted at the seedling stage (June 7), and the actual yield was collected at the harvest stage.

[0114] As shown in Table 14, at the cotton seedling stage, the seed fertilizer treatment (Example 1) can significantly increase the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and dry matter per plant of cotton seedlings, especially the dry matter per plant is increased by 16.1% compared with Example 10.

[0115] Table 14 Effects of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits and dry matter quality of cotton at seedling stage

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[0117] As shown in Table 15, the seed cotton yield and boll weight at harvest in the seed fertilizer treatment (Example 1) increased by 5.1% and 3.0% respectively compared with Example 10; the lint percentage of Example 1 was significantly higher than that of the no-fertilization treatment, and there was no significant difference with the other treatments. This shows that the preparation method of the seed fertilizer (Example 1) has a significant effect on promoting the growth and development of cotton seedlings and increasing yield.

[0118] Table 15 Effects of different fertilization treatments on cotton yield and yield composition during harvest

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[0121] Comparative Example 3: Comparative experiment of achieving different technical effects by changing the key steps in the application of the present invention

[0122] Example 11 to Example 21: A seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers at the same time, with different application amounts and application distances, and the fertilizer raw material formula is the same as that of Example 1

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[0124] An application of seed fertilizer (Example 1 and different application methods) suitable for sowing cotton seed fertilizer together (a mature cotton field in North China in the Yellow River Basin cotton region), the operation process is:

[0125] When sowing cotton, a cotton seed and fertilizer sowing machine is used to simultaneously apply the seed fertilizer and cotton seeds into the soil; the planting pattern is 80 cm equal row spacing, and the seed fertilizer application position is 5 cm horizontally from the cotton row and 5 cm vertically from the ground surface; the dosage is 20 kg per mu (Example 1).

[0126] The experiment was carried out in 2022 with a randomized block design and 14 fertilization treatments, namely: no basal fertilizer (no fertilization), spreading basal fertilizer and then turning the soil (broadcasting), Example 1, Example 12, Example 14, Example 17, Example 19, and Example 21. Field surveys were conducted at the seedling stage (June 7), and actual yields were collected at the harvest stage.

[0127] As shown in Table 16, at the cotton seedling stage, the seed fertilizer treatment (Example 1) can significantly increase the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and dry matter per plant at the cotton seedling stage, especially the dry matter per plant is increased by 6.9%-18.7% compared with Examples 11-21.

[0128] Table 16 Effects of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits and dry matter quality of cotton at seedling stage

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[0131] As shown in Table 17, the seed cotton yield, boll weight and lint percentage of the seed fertilizer treatment (Example 1) at the harvest stage increased by 1.0%-6.6%, 1.0%-4.6% and 0.4%-1.3% respectively compared with Examples 11-21. This indicates that the key steps (seed fertilizer dosage and application location) in the application of seed fertilizer (Example 1) have a significant effect on promoting the growth and development of cotton seedlings and increasing yield.

[0132] Table 17 Effects of different fertilization treatments on cotton yield and yield composition at harvest time

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Claims

1. A seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, characterized in that: The following components are included in mass fraction: Urea 5-55%, ammonium polyphosphate 10-60%, potassium sulfate 10-50%, ammonium heptamolybdate 0.1-5%, EDDHA-Fe 0.1-5%, humic acid 0.1-5%, mineral potassium humate 1-10%, amino acid raw powder 0.1-5%, polyacrylamide 1-10%.

2. A method for preparing seed fertilizer suitable for sowing cotton seed and fertilizer simultaneously, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A. Grind 5-55 parts of urea and sieve through 50-70 mesh for later use; B. Fully mix the sieved urea obtained in step A, 10-60 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.1-5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 0.1-5 parts of EDDHA-Fe and 3-16 parts of potassium sulfate to prepare 1 part of premix 1; C. Fully mix 1 part of biostimulant and 3-17 parts of potassium sulfate to prepare 1 part of premix 2; D. Fully mix 1-10 parts of polyacrylamide and 4-17 parts of potassium sulfate to prepare 1 part of premix 3; E. Finally, premix 1, premix 2 and premix 3 are fully mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; F. Mixing and granulating the fertilizer raw materials obtained in step E to prepare mixed granules, weighing and packaging them, and storing them in a cool and ventilated place at room temperature to obtain a seed fertilizer suitable for cotton; Each portion of the biostimulant comprises: 0.1-5 portions of humic acid, 1-10 portions of mineral potassium humate, and 0.1-5 portions of amino acid raw powder.

3. The use of the seed fertilizer according to claim 1 in solving the problems of difficult emergence, weak emergence and seedling diseases of cotton seedlings, and improving cotton yield and fiber quality, comprises the following steps: A. When sowing cotton, using a cotton seed and fertilizer sowing machine to simultaneously apply the seed fertilizer into the soil and sow cotton seeds into the soil; B. When the planting pattern is 66 or 64 cm wide row spacing and 10 or 12 cm narrow row spacing, the seed fertilizer is applied in the middle of the narrow row, 5 or 6 cm horizontally from the cotton row and 5 cm vertically from the ground surface; when the planting pattern is 76 cm equal row spacing in Xinjiang or 80 cm equal row spacing in the Yellow River Basin, the seed fertilizer is applied to one side of each row of cotton, 5 cm horizontally from the cotton row and 5 cm vertically from the ground surface; C. The dosage is 10-20kg per mu.

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