Electricity utilization carbon emission metering method and system based on carbon emission trend and green electricity transaction

Abstract

The invention provides an electricity utilization carbon emission metering method and system based on carbon emission trend and green electricity transaction. A regional power grid is used as a calculation object, according to the levels of power generation, power transmission and power distribution, conduction of carbon emission factors is refined, comprehensive metering of a carbon emission source in a power system is achieved, a carbon emission calculation result can be updated in real time in the process that power is transmitted to a user side from a power generation side, and metering accuracy is ensured; in addition, the method particularly pays attention to the influence of green power transaction on user side carbon emission, and counteracts the power utilization carbon emission by distinguishing whether the user purchases green power or owns a renewable energy power generation facility or not. Furthermore, for users who have self-provided power generation facilities and have electric quantity on-line access, the influence of green power on-line access on regional carbon emission factors is further considered, and the total carbon emission amount of the users is accurately calculated, so that accurate accounting of the carbon emission factors and accurate metering of the total carbon emission amount of the users are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and system for measuring carbon emissions from electricity consumption based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading, and belongs to the technical field of power systems. Background Art

[0002] As the global climate change problem becomes increasingly serious, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become the focus of international attention. Carbon emissions, especially carbon dioxide emissions, mainly come from the combustion of fossil fuels, which is particularly significant in electricity production. Traditional electricity production methods rely on fossil energy such as coal and natural gas, which release a large amount of CO2 during combustion, exacerbating the trend of global warming. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and control carbon emissions in the process of electricity production and consumption has become the key to achieving sustainable development goals.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of renewable energy technology, especially the continuous decline in the cost of wind and solar energy, green electricity has gradually become an important option to replace traditional fossil energy. Green electricity trading, as a mechanism, allows consumers to purchase electricity produced by clean energy through market means, thereby reducing the carbon emission intensity of the overall power system. This trading model not only promotes the investment and development of clean energy, but also provides electricity users with the opportunity to reduce their own carbon footprint.

[0004] However, as green electricity trading becomes increasingly popular, it also faces the problem of how to accurately measure carbon emissions on the user side. The traditional power system is a complex network. Electricity goes through multiple links from production to consumption, including power plants, transmission networks, distribution networks and other levels. In this process, the source of electricity may be diverse, including both "grey electricity" from fossil fuels and "green electricity" from renewable energy. At the same time, more and more users are starting to build their own power plants, including distributed photovoltaics and wind turbines. The access of this part of green electricity to the grid will also have a significant impact on the carbon emission factors in the distribution network area, thereby affecting the measurement of corporate carbon emissions. Therefore, it becomes very complicated for electricity users to accurately calculate the carbon emissions corresponding to the electricity they use. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a method and system for electricity carbon emission metering based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading, so as to accurately track the carbon emissions of the entire chain from electricity production to final consumption, and take into account the impact of green electricity trading to ensure that users can accurately assess their own carbon emission levels based on their own electricity consumption structure. On this basis, the changes in regional carbon emission factors caused by the green electricity consumption in the distribution network area are further considered.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring carbon emissions from electricity consumption based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading, which includes:

[0008] Calculate the carbon emission factor of each thermal power unit based on the number and parameters of thermal power units;

[0009] Calculate the carbon emission factor of each transmission hub based on the carbon emission factors of all thermal power units and the number and parameters of transmission hubs;

[0010] Based on the total number of distribution hubs between the transmission hub and the user, the carbon emission factor of each distribution hub facing the user is calculated as the carbon emission factor on the user side;

[0011] Based on the green electricity consumption data of each user, the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected, and the carbon emissions are calculated based on the corrected carbon emission factor; the green electricity consumption data includes: green electricity direct purchase data, self-generated green electricity non-grid-connected electricity data, and self-generated green electricity partial grid-connected electricity data;

[0012] Among them, when the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the online power data of the self-generated green electricity, the corrected carbon emission factor in the region is calculated by the following formula:

[0013]

[0014] In the formula, λ′ user-i is the modified carbon emission factor of the distribution hub, λ user-i is the carbon emission factor of the distribution hub before correction, Q all is the power of all thermal power units obtained by the distribution hub from the previous transmission hub, Q total is the total electricity consumption of users corresponding to the distribution hub, Q green The green electricity quantity corresponding to the distribution hub;

[0015] The carbon emissions of users who generate green electricity in the region and partially access the grid are calculated using the following formula:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions, W green The amount of electricity produced by the user's own power plant, λ user is the carbon emission factor before correction;

[0018] The corresponding carbon emissions of other electricity users in the region are calculated using the following formula:

[0019] C′ user-total =Q total λ′user-i

[0020] In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions.

[0021] Based on the above method, optionally, the carbon emission factor of each thermal power unit is calculated based on the number and parameters of the thermal power units, including:

[0022] The carbon emissions C of thermal power units are calculated by the following formula gnt :

[0023] C gnt =∑ΔC gnt Δt

[0024] Where, ΔC gnt is the carbon emission per unit time, Δt is the unit time;

[0025] The power generation W of the thermal power unit is calculated by the following formula gnt :

[0026] W gnt =∑ΔP gnt Δt

[0027] Where ΔP gnt is the power generated per unit time;

[0028] Carbon emissions based on thermal power units C gnt and the power generation of the thermal power unit W gnt , the carbon emission factor of the corresponding thermal power unit is calculated by the following formula:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, λ gnt It represents the carbon emissions corresponding to the power generation of a thermal power unit over a period of time, that is, the carbon emission factor of the thermal power unit.

[0031] Based on the above method, optionally, the carbon emission factor of each transmission hub is calculated based on the carbon emission factors of all thermal power units and the number and parameters of transmission hubs, including:

[0032] Assume that there are n thermal power units on the power supply side that transmit electricity to the power transmission hub on the grid side. Their respective carbon emission factors are expressed as matrix A:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, λ gntn represents the carbon emission factor of the nth thermal power unit;

[0035] When a thermal power unit transmits electricity to a transmission hub, assuming there are m transmission hubs in total, then the amount of electricity transmitted by n thermal power units to m transmission hubs is a matrix a with n rows and m columns:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, E nm It represents the amount of electricity transmitted from the nth thermal power unit to the mth transmission hub;

[0038] The total carbon emissions C corresponding to m transmission hubs is expressed as:

[0039] C=A T a

[0040] Then the carbon emission factor λ corresponding to the transmission hub is sub It is expressed as:

[0041]

[0042] In the formula, C i represents the carbon emissions of the ith transmission hub, E i represents the input power of the ith transmission hub;

[0043] The carbon emission factors corresponding to m transmission hubs are expressed as matrix B:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, λ subm represents the carbon emission factor of the mth transmission hub.

[0046] Based on the above method, optionally, the carbon emission factor of each distribution hub facing the user is calculated based on the total number of distribution hubs between the transmission hub and the user as the carbon emission factor on the user side, including:

[0047] The carbon emission factors of each level of transmission hub are calculated step by step until the carbon emission factors of each distribution hub facing users are calculated, which is expressed as matrix U:

[0048]

[0049] In the formula, B T is the carbon emission factor matrix, b is the transmission power matrix of the transmission hub, E b is the power receiving matrix of the transmission hub, S T is the carbon emission factor matrix corresponding to the upper-level distribution hub on the user side, s is the power transmission matrix of the distribution hub, E s The power receiving quantity matrix of the distribution hub;

[0050] Then the carbon emission factor matrix U on the user side can also be expressed as:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, λ userk Represents the carbon emission factor of the kth thermal power unit.

[0053] Based on the above method, optionally, the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the green electricity consumption data of each user, and the carbon emissions are calculated based on the corrected carbon emission factor, including:

[0054] If the user only has green electricity direct purchase data, the carbon emissions corresponding to the amount of green electricity used by the user is recorded as 0, and the total carbon emissions C user-total It is expressed as:

[0055] C user-total =(Q total -Q green ) user-i

[0056] In the formula, Q total is the total electricity consumption of the user, Q green The amount of green electricity used by the user; since green electricity is settled first, Q green The value is the minimum of the total electricity consumption of the user, the electricity consumption decomposed in the green electricity contract and the power generation of the power plant.

[0057] Based on the above method, optionally, the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the green electricity consumption data of each user, and the carbon emissions are calculated based on the corrected carbon emission factor, including:

[0058] If the user only has self-generated green electricity that is not connected to the grid, then the total carbon emissions C user-total It is expressed as:

[0059] C user-total =(Q total -W green ) user-i

[0060] Where W green The amount of electricity produced by the user’s own power plant.

[0061] Based on the above method, optionally, the method for measuring the user's green power on-grid power and off-grid power includes:

[0062] (a) Real-time recording steps:

[0063] Record the amount of electricity generated by the user's green power system and delivered to the grid in real time through smart meters or similar devices;

[0064] The smart meter or similar device has a real-time data upload function and can send the recorded data to the central management system via a wireless or wired network;

[0065] The central management system receives data from smart meters and performs real-time analysis and storage;

[0066] Before data is uploaded to the central management system, it is distributedly stored and verified through blockchain technology to ensure data consistency and immutability;

[0067] (b) Bidirectional recording steps:

[0068] Use smart meters with bidirectional metering function, which can distinguish between input and output directions and record the amount of electricity delivered to the grid by the user's green power system and the amount of electricity drawn from the grid by the user;

[0069] The smart meter has a data encryption function to ensure the security of data transmitted to the central management system;

[0070] The smart meter also has a fault detection function, automatically alarming when an abnormal situation occurs;

[0071] The recorded data is updated synchronously through the blockchain network to ensure that all nodes in the distribution network area can obtain the latest data information in a timely manner;

[0072] (c) Periodic Settlement Steps:

[0073] At the end of the scheduled time period, the central management system summarizes the user's online and offline power data for a settlement period;

[0074] The central management system is also responsible for calibrating the time of each smart meter to ensure that all data are compared under the same time reference;

[0075] Users can access the central management system through mobile terminal applications to view their electricity consumption data and settlement results;

[0076] Blockchain technology ensures the transparency of settlement results, and any authorized user can verify the validity of settlement data.

[0077] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electricity carbon emission metering system based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading, which includes:

[0078] The first calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emission factor of each thermal power unit based on the number and parameters of the thermal power units;

[0079] The second calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emission factor of each transmission hub based on the carbon emission factors of all thermal power units and the number and parameters of transmission hubs;

[0080] The third calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emission factor of each distribution hub facing the user based on the total number of distribution hubs between the transmission hub and the user as the carbon emission factor on the user side;

[0081] The fourth calculation module is used to correct the carbon emission factor on the user side based on the green power consumption data of each user, and calculate the carbon emissions based on the corrected carbon emission factor; the green power consumption data includes: green power direct purchase data, self-generated green power off-grid power data, and self-generated green power partial on-grid power data;

[0082] Among them, when the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the online power data of the self-generated green electricity, the corrected carbon emission factor in the region is calculated by the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] In the formula, λ′ user-i is the modified carbon emission factor of the distribution hub, λ user-i is the carbon emission factor of the distribution hub before correction, Q all is the power of all thermal power units obtained by the distribution hub from the previous transmission hub, Q total is the total electricity consumption of users corresponding to the distribution hub, Q green The green electricity quantity corresponding to the distribution hub;

[0085] The carbon emissions of users who generate green electricity in the region and partially access the grid are calculated using the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions, W green The amount of electricity produced by the user's own power plant, λ user is the carbon emission factor before correction;

[0088] The corresponding carbon emissions of other electricity users in the region are calculated using the following formula:

[0089] C′ user-total =Q total λ′ user-i

[0090] In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions.

[0091] The electricity consumption carbon emission metering method and system based on carbon emission trend and green electricity trading provided by the present invention, compared with the traditional mode of calculating the carbon emission flow for a single line, improves the calculation scope, takes the regional power grid as the calculation object, and refines the transmission of carbon emission factors according to the levels of power generation, transmission, and distribution, thereby realizing the comprehensive measurement of carbon emission sources in the power system, and can update the carbon emission calculation results in real time during the process of power transmission from the power generation side to the user side, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement; in addition, the method pays special attention to the impact of green electricity trading on user-side carbon emissions, and offsets its electricity consumption carbon emissions by distinguishing whether the user has purchased green electricity or has self-provided renewable energy power generation facilities. Furthermore, for users with self-provided power generation facilities and whose electricity is connected to the grid, the impact of their green electricity connection on the regional carbon emission factor is further considered, and then the total carbon emissions of the user are accurately calculated, thereby realizing the accurate calculation of carbon emission factors and the accurate measurement of the total carbon emissions of the user. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0092] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present invention, and together with the specification are used to explain the principles of the present invention. In addition, these drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.

[0093] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for measuring carbon emissions from electricity consumption based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a power grid system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0095] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electricity carbon emission metering system based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0096] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0097] In response to the problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a new electricity carbon emission metering method based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading. This method can not only accurately track the carbon emissions of the entire chain of electricity production to final consumption, but also take into account the impact of green electricity trading, ensuring that users can accurately assess their own carbon emission levels based on their own electricity consumption structure, and on this basis further consider the changes in regional carbon emission factors caused by the green electricity consumption in the distribution network area. This has positive significance for promoting the transformation of the whole society to a low-carbon economy. At the same time, this method also provides a scientific basis for governments and enterprises to formulate more effective energy-saving and emission reduction policies. The following is a non-restrictive explanation of the specific implementation scheme through several examples or embodiments.

[0098] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring carbon emissions from electricity consumption based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading, comprising the following steps:

[0099] Step S101: Calculate the carbon emission factor of each thermal power unit based on the number and parameters of the thermal power units.

[0100] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown in the figure, from the power generation side to the user side, it can be divided into thermal power units, multi-level transmission hubs, distribution hubs and electricity users according to different functions. Each level of structure involves carbon emissions.

[0101] In this method, the carbon emissions of electricity from production to final consumption are tracked according to the above framework. Through the clear coupling of power generation, transmission and distribution, the change of carbon emission factors based on carbon emission trends in actual power transmission is determined.

[0102] Based on this, in this step, the carbon emission factor of the thermal power units on the power generation side is first calculated.

[0103] In some embodiments, the specific implementation process of step S101 is as follows:

[0104] The carbon emissions C of thermal power units are calculated by the following formula gnt :

[0105] C gnt =∑ΔC gnt Δt

[0106] Where, ΔC gnt is the carbon emission per unit time, Δt is the unit time;

[0107] The power generation W of the thermal power unit is calculated by the following formula gnt :

[0108] W gnt =∑ΔP gnt Δt

[0109] Where ΔP gnt is the power generated per unit time;

[0110] Carbon emissions based on thermal power units C gnt and the power generation of the thermal power unit W gnt , the carbon emission factor of the corresponding thermal power unit is calculated by the following formula:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, λ gnt It represents the carbon emissions corresponding to the power generation of a thermal power unit over a period of time, that is, the carbon emission factor of the thermal power unit.

[0113] Step S102: Calculate the carbon emission factor of each transmission hub based on the carbon emission factors of all thermal power units and the number and parameters of transmission hubs.

[0114] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, in practice, multiple transmission hubs are included. In this step, the carbon emission factor of the transmission hub on the power supply side (i.e., the transmission hub directly connected to the thermal power unit) can be calculated first.

[0115] Accordingly, the specific implementation process of step S102 is as follows:

[0116] Assume that there are n thermal power units on the power supply side that transmit electricity to the power transmission hub on the grid side. Their respective carbon emission factors are expressed as matrix A:

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, λ gntn represents the carbon emission factor of the nth thermal power unit;

[0119] When a thermal power unit transmits electricity to a transmission hub, assuming there are m transmission hubs in total (here refers to the m transmission hubs of the same level directly connected to the thermal power unit, excluding the transmission hubs at the subsequent level), then the amount of electricity transmitted by n thermal power units to m transmission hubs is a matrix a with n rows and m columns:

[0120]

[0121] In the formula, E nm It represents the amount of electricity transmitted from the nth thermal power unit to the mth transmission hub;

[0122] The total carbon emissions C corresponding to m transmission hubs is expressed as:

[0123] C=A T a

[0124] Then the carbon emission factor λ corresponding to the transmission hub is subIt is expressed as:

[0125]

[0126] In the formula, C i represents the carbon emissions of the ith transmission hub, E i represents the input power of the ith transmission hub;

[0127] The carbon emission factors corresponding to m transmission hubs are expressed as matrix B:

[0128]

[0129] In the formula, λ subm represents the carbon emission factor of the mth transmission hub.

[0130] Step S103: Based on the total number of distribution hubs between the transmission hub and the user, the carbon emission factor of each distribution hub facing the user is calculated as the carbon emission factor on the user side.

[0131] Specifically, for transmission hubs at other levels, the calculation principle of their carbon emission factors is the same as the calculation principle of the carbon emission factors of the transmission hubs on the power supply side, which will not be repeated here.

[0132] The specific implementation process of step S103 is as follows:

[0133] The carbon emission factors of each level of transmission hub are calculated step by step until the carbon emission factors of each distribution hub facing users are calculated, which is expressed as matrix U:

[0134]

[0135] In the formula, B T is the carbon emission factor matrix, b is the transmission power matrix of the transmission hub, E b is the power receiving matrix of the transmission hub, S T is the carbon emission factor matrix corresponding to the upper-level distribution hub on the user side, s is the power transmission matrix of the distribution hub, E s It is the power receiving matrix of the distribution hub; (wherein, the levels of the transmission hub are sorted according to A, B, D, F...S, U, and U is the user side)

[0136] Then the carbon emission factor matrix U on the user side can also be expressed as:

[0137]

[0138] In the formula, λ userk represents the carbon emission factor of the kth distribution hub.

[0139] Step S104: based on the green electricity consumption data of each user, the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected, and the carbon emissions are calculated based on the corrected carbon emission factor.

[0140] Specifically, green electricity consumption data refers to the relevant data on users' transaction operations such as purchasing, producing and uploading green electricity to the power grid, including: green electricity direct purchase data, self-generated green electricity not connected to the grid data, and self-generated green electricity partially connected to the grid data.

[0141] In the previous steps, only the grid-connected power of thermal power units was considered. In this step, the impact of green power trading on user-side carbon emissions is also considered, and the carbon emissions of electricity consumption are offset by distinguishing whether the user has purchased green power or has self-provided renewable energy power generation facilities.

[0142] The specific implementation process of step S104 is as follows:

[0143] 1) Green power direct purchase data

[0144] Direct purchase of green electricity refers to users purchasing green electricity for use through point-to-point means.

[0145] If the user only has green electricity direct purchase data, the carbon emissions corresponding to the amount of green electricity used by the user is recorded as 0, and the total carbon emissions C user-total It is expressed as:

[0146] C user-total =(Q total -Q green ) user-i

[0147] In the formula, Q total is the total electricity consumption of the user, Q green The amount of green electricity used by the user; since green electricity is settled first, Q green The value is the minimum of the total electricity consumption of the user, the electricity consumption decomposed in the green electricity contract and the power generation of the power plant.

[0148] 2) Data on the amount of self-generated green electricity not connected to the grid

[0149] Spontaneous green electricity not connected to the grid means that users have their own wind power / photovoltaic power plants, but the green electricity they produce is not connected to the grid and is consumed entirely by themselves.

[0150] If the user only has self-generated green electricity that is not connected to the grid, then the total carbon emissions C user-total It is expressed as:

[0151] C user-total =(Q total -W green ) user-i

[0152] Where Wgreen The amount of electricity produced by the user’s own power plant.

[0153] 3) Data on the amount of electricity generated by self-generated green electricity

[0154] Partial access to the grid for self-generated green electricity means that users have their own wind power / photovoltaic power plants and only use a portion of the green electricity they produce, with the rest being uploaded to the grid.

[0155] If the user only has data on the amount of electricity that is connected to the grid due to self-generated green electricity, the total carbon emissions are preliminarily calculated as follows:

[0156]

[0157] In the formula, Q green Green electricity used by users, W green The amount of green electricity produced for users;

[0158] Since part of the green electricity on the user side is connected to the grid, the carbon emission factor in the distribution network system will be reduced, so the carbon emission factor in the region needs to be corrected to a certain extent; when the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the data of the part of the self-generated green electricity connected to the grid, the corrected carbon emission factor in the region is calculated by the following formula:

[0159]

[0160] In the formula, λ′ user-i is the modified carbon emission factor of the distribution hub, λ user-i is the carbon emission factor of the distribution hub before correction, Q all is the power of all thermal power units obtained by the distribution hub from the previous transmission hub, Q total is the total electricity consumption of users corresponding to the distribution hub, Q green The green electricity quantity corresponding to the distribution hub;

[0161] The carbon emissions of users who generate green electricity in the region and partially access the grid are calculated using the following formula:

[0162]

[0163] In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions, W green The amount of electricity produced by the user's own power plant, λ user is the carbon emission factor before correction;

[0164] The corresponding carbon emissions of other electricity users in the region are calculated using the following formula:

[0165] C′ user-total =Q total λ′ user-i

[0166] In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions.

[0167] In addition, in some embodiments, the method for measuring the amount of green power on-grid and off-grid electricity of users includes:

[0168] (a) Real-time recording steps:

[0169] Record the amount of electricity generated by the user's green power system and delivered to the grid in real time through smart meters or similar devices;

[0170] The smart meter or similar device has a real-time data upload function and can send the recorded data to the central management system via a wireless or wired network;

[0171] The central management system receives data from smart meters and performs real-time analysis and storage;

[0172] Before data is uploaded to the central management system, it is distributedly stored and verified through blockchain technology to ensure data consistency and immutability;

[0173] (b) Bidirectional recording steps:

[0174] Use smart meters with bidirectional metering function, which can distinguish between input and output directions and record the amount of electricity delivered to the grid by the user's green power system and the amount of electricity drawn from the grid by the user;

[0175] The smart meter has a data encryption function to ensure the security of data transmitted to the central management system;

[0176] The smart meter also has a fault detection function, automatically alarming when an abnormal situation occurs;

[0177] The recorded data is updated synchronously through the blockchain network to ensure that all nodes in the distribution network area can obtain the latest data information in a timely manner;

[0178] (c) Periodic Settlement Steps:

[0179] At the end of the scheduled time period, the central management system summarizes the user's online and offline power data for a settlement period;

[0180] The central management system is also responsible for calibrating the time of each smart meter to ensure that all data are compared under the same time reference;

[0181] Users can access the central management system through mobile terminal applications to view their electricity consumption data and settlement results;

[0182] Blockchain technology ensures the transparency of settlement results, and any authorized user can verify the validity of settlement data.

[0183] Through the above scheme, compared with the traditional mode of calculating carbon emission flow for a single line, by improving the calculation scope, taking the regional power grid as the calculation object, and refining the transmission of carbon emission factors according to the levels of power generation, transmission, and distribution, the comprehensive measurement of carbon emission sources in the power system is achieved, and the carbon emission calculation results can be updated in real time during the transmission of electricity from the power generation side to the user side, ensuring the accuracy of measurement; in addition, this method pays special attention to the impact of green electricity trading on user-side carbon emissions, and offsets its electricity carbon emissions by distinguishing whether the user has purchased green electricity or has self-owned renewable energy power generation facilities. Furthermore, for users with self-owned power generation facilities and whose electricity is connected to the grid, the impact of their green electricity access to the grid on the regional carbon emission factor is further considered, and then the total carbon emissions of the user are accurately calculated, thereby achieving accurate accounting of carbon emission factors and accurate measurement of the total carbon emissions of users.

[0184] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electricity carbon emission metering system based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading. Figure 3 As shown, the system includes:

[0185] A first calculation module 31 is used to calculate the carbon emission factor of each thermal power unit based on the number and parameters of the thermal power units;

[0186] A second calculation module 32 is used to calculate the carbon emission factor of each transmission hub based on the carbon emission factors of all thermal power units and the number and parameters of transmission hubs;

[0187] A third calculation module 33 is used to calculate the carbon emission factor of each distribution hub facing the user based on the total number of distribution hubs between the transmission hub and the user as the carbon emission factor on the user side;

[0188] The fourth calculation module 34 is used to correct the carbon emission factor on the user side based on the green power consumption data of each user, and calculate the carbon emission based on the corrected carbon emission factor; the green power consumption data includes: green power direct purchase data, self-generated green power off-grid power data, and self-generated green power partial on-grid power data;

[0189] Among them, when the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the online power data of the self-generated green electricity, the corrected carbon emission factor in the region is calculated by the following formula:

[0190]

[0191] In the formula, λ′ user-i is the modified carbon emission factor of the distribution hub, λ user-iis the carbon emission factor of the distribution hub before correction, Q all is the power of all thermal power units obtained by the distribution hub from the previous transmission hub, Q total is the total electricity consumption of users corresponding to the distribution hub, Q green The green electricity quantity corresponding to the distribution hub;

[0192] The carbon emissions of users who generate green electricity in the region and partially access the grid are calculated using the following formula:

[0193]

[0194] In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions, W green The amount of electricity produced by the user's own power plant, λ user is the carbon emission factor before correction;

[0195] The corresponding carbon emissions of other electricity users in the region are calculated using the following formula:

[0196] C′ user-total =Q total λ′ user-i

[0197] In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions.

[0198] Among them, regarding the specific implementation methods of each module of the above-mentioned electricity carbon emission metering system based on carbon emission trend and green electricity trading, reference can be made to the corresponding contents in the aforementioned method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0199] It can be understood that the same or similar parts of the above embodiments can be referenced to each other, and the contents not described in detail in some embodiments can refer to the same or similar contents in other embodiments.

[0200] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" refers to at least two.

[0201] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention belong.

[0202] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0203] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0204] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into a processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0205] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0206] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring electricity carbon emissions based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading, characterized in that: include: Calculate the carbon emission factor of each thermal power unit based on the number and parameters of thermal power units; Calculate the carbon emission factor of each transmission hub based on the carbon emission factors of all thermal power units and the number and parameters of transmission hubs; Based on the total number of distribution hubs between the transmission hub and the user, the carbon emission factor of each distribution hub facing the user is calculated as the carbon emission factor on the user side; Based on the green electricity consumption data of each user, the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected, and the carbon emissions are calculated based on the corrected carbon emission factor; The green electricity consumption data include: green electricity direct purchase data, self-generated green electricity non-grid-connected electricity data, and self-generated green electricity partial grid-connected electricity data; Among them, when the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the online power data of the self-generated green electricity, the corrected carbon emission factor in the region is calculated by the following formula: In the formula, λ′ user-i is the modified carbon emission factor of the distribution hub, λ user-i is the carbon emission factor of the distribution hub before correction, Q all is the power of all thermal power units obtained by the distribution hub from the previous transmission hub, Q total is the total electricity consumption of users corresponding to the distribution hub, Q green The green electricity quantity corresponding to the distribution hub; The carbon emissions of users who generate their own green electricity and partially access the grid in the region are calculated using the following formula: In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions, W green The amount of electricity produced by the user's own power plant, λ user is the carbon emission factor before correction; The corresponding carbon emissions of other electricity users in the region are calculated using the following formula: C′ user-total =Q total λ′ user-i In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The carbon emission factor of each thermal power unit is calculated based on the number and parameters of the thermal power units, including: The carbon emissions C of thermal power units are calculated by the following formula gnt : C gnt =∑ΔC gnt Δt Where, ΔC gnt is the carbon emission per unit time, Δt is the unit time; The power generation W of the thermal power unit is calculated by the following formula gnt : W gnt =∑ΔP gnt Δt Where ΔP gnt is the power generated per unit time; Carbon emissions based on thermal power units C gnt and the power generation of the thermal power unit W gnt , the carbon emission factor of the corresponding thermal power unit is calculated by the following formula: In the formula, λ gnt It represents the carbon emissions corresponding to the power generation of a thermal power unit over a period of time, that is, the carbon emission factor of the thermal power unit.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The carbon emission factors of all thermal power units and the number and parameters of transmission hubs are used to calculate the carbon emission factors of each transmission hub, including: Assume that there are n thermal power units on the power supply side that transmit electricity to the power transmission hub on the grid side. Their respective carbon emission factors are expressed as matrix A: In the formula, λ gntn represents the carbon emission factor of the nth thermal power unit; When a thermal power unit transmits electricity to a transmission hub, assuming there are m transmission hubs in total, then the amount of electricity transmitted by n thermal power units to m transmission hubs is a matrix a with n rows and m columns: In the formula, E nm It represents the amount of electricity transmitted from the nth thermal power unit to the mth transmission hub; The total carbon emissions C corresponding to m transmission hubs is expressed as: C=A T a Then the carbon emission factor λ corresponding to the transmission hub is sub It is expressed as: In the formula, C i represents the carbon emissions of the ith transmission hub, E i represents the input power of the ith transmission hub; The carbon emission factors corresponding to m transmission hubs are expressed as matrix B: In the formula, λ subm represents the carbon emission factor of the mth transmission hub.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The carbon emission factor of each distribution hub facing the user is calculated based on the total number of distribution hubs between the transmission hub and the user as the carbon emission factor on the user side, including: The carbon emission factors of each level of transmission hub are calculated step by step until the carbon emission factors of each distribution hub facing users are calculated, which is expressed as matrix U: In the formula, B T is the carbon emission factor matrix, b is the transmission power matrix of the transmission hub, E b is the power receiving matrix of the transmission hub, S T is the carbon emission factor matrix corresponding to the upper-level distribution hub on the user side, s is the power transmission matrix of the distribution hub, E s The power receiving matrix of the distribution hub; Then the carbon emission factor matrix U on the user side can also be expressed as: In the formula, λ userk represents the carbon emission factor of the kth distribution hub.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the green electricity consumption data of each user, and the carbon emissions are calculated based on the corrected carbon emission factor, including: If the user only has green electricity direct purchase data, the carbon emissions corresponding to the amount of green electricity used by the user is recorded as 0, and the total carbon emissions C user-total It is expressed as: C user-total =(Q total -Q green )λ user-i In the formula, Q total is the total electricity consumption of the user, Q green The amount of green electricity used by the user; since green electricity is settled first, Q green The value is the minimum of the total electricity consumption of the user, the electricity consumption decomposed in the green electricity contract and the power generation of the power plant.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the green electricity consumption data of each user, and the carbon emissions are calculated based on the corrected carbon emission factor, including: If the user only has self-generated green electricity that is not connected to the grid, then the total carbon emissions C user-total It is expressed as: C user-total =(Q total -W green )λ user-i Where W green The amount of electricity produced by the user’s own power plant.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Methods for measuring the amount of green electricity that is online and offline include: (a) Real-time recording steps: Record the amount of electricity generated by the user's green power system and delivered to the grid in real time through smart meters or similar devices; The smart meter or similar device has a real-time data upload function and can send the recorded data to the central management system via a wireless or wired network; The central management system receives data from smart meters and performs real-time analysis and storage; Before data is uploaded to the central management system, it is distributedly stored and verified through blockchain technology to ensure data consistency and immutability; (b) Bidirectional recording steps: Use smart meters with bidirectional metering function, which can distinguish between input and output directions and record the amount of electricity delivered to the grid by the user's green power system and the amount of electricity drawn from the grid by the user; The smart meter has a data encryption function to ensure the security of data transmitted to the central management system; The smart meter also has a fault detection function and automatically alarms when an abnormal situation occurs; The recorded data is updated synchronously through the blockchain network to ensure that all nodes in the distribution network area can obtain the latest data information in a timely manner; (c) Periodic Settlement Steps: At the end of the scheduled time period, the central management system summarizes the user's online and offline power data for a settlement period; The central management system is also responsible for calibrating the time of each smart meter to ensure that all data is compared under the same time reference; Users can access the central management system through mobile terminal applications to view their electricity consumption data and settlement results; Blockchain technology ensures the transparency of settlement results, and any authorized user can verify the validity of settlement data.

8. An electricity carbon emission metering system based on carbon emission trends and green electricity trading, characterized in that: include: The first calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emission factor of each thermal power unit based on the number and parameters of the thermal power units; The second calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emission factor of each transmission hub based on the carbon emission factors of all thermal power units and the number and parameters of transmission hubs; The third calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emission factor of each distribution hub facing the user based on the total number of distribution hubs between the transmission hub and the user as the carbon emission factor on the user side; The fourth calculation module is used to correct the carbon emission factor on the user side based on the green electricity consumption data of each user, and calculate the carbon emissions based on the corrected carbon emission factor; The green electricity consumption data include: green electricity direct purchase data, self-generated green electricity non-grid-connected electricity data, and self-generated green electricity partial grid-connected electricity data; Among them, when the carbon emission factor on the user side is corrected based on the online power data of the self-generated green electricity, the corrected carbon emission factor in the region is calculated by the following formula: In the formula, λ′ user-i is the modified carbon emission factor of the distribution hub, λ user-i is the carbon emission factor of the distribution hub before correction, Q all is the power of all thermal power units obtained by the distribution hub from the previous transmission hub, Q total is the total electricity consumption of users corresponding to the distribution hub, Q green The green electricity quantity corresponding to the distribution hub; The carbon emissions of users who generate their own green electricity and partially access the grid in the region are calculated using the following formula: In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions, W green The amount of electricity produced by the user's own power plant, λ user is the carbon emission factor before correction; The corresponding carbon emissions of other electricity users in the region are calculated using the following formula: C′ user-total =Q total λ′ user-i In the formula, C′ user-total is the corrected carbon emissions.

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