Breeding method of vertical panicle type upland rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method of vertical panicle type upland rice, and particularly relates to the technical field of upland rice breeding, and the breeding method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, breeding material selection, S2, seedling substrate preparation, S3, sowing and seedling raising, S4, land preparation, S5, transplanting and mixed planting, and S6, natural hybridization and screening. According to the method, the breeding efficiency and quality of the upland rice can be improved, a brand new thought and solution are provided for breeding and production of the upland rice, the vertical spike type upland rice variety which is high in adaptability, good in drought tolerance and high in disease and pest resistance can be cultivated, powerful technical support is provided for industrial development of the upland rice, and the method is worthy of popularization and application. The method is the best choice for planting in water-deficient areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of upland rice breeding, and more specifically to a breeding method for erect panicle type upland rice. Background Art

[0002] In the agricultural field, upland rice is an important food crop with high economic value and social significance because it can grow under conditions of drought or limited water resources. However, traditional upland rice breeding technology faces many challenges, which restricts the improvement and promotion of upland rice varieties: 1. The genetic stability, adaptability and drought tolerance of upland rice are key factors in its growth and yield. However, traditional breeding methods often fail to take all these traits into account at the same time, resulting in varieties that excel in one trait but are deficient in other aspects. For example, some upland rice varieties with strong drought tolerance may not have high yields, while varieties with high yields may lack sufficient drought tolerance or adaptability. 2. The resistance of upland rice to diseases and pests is also an issue that needs to be considered in breeding. The occurrence of diseases and pests will not only affect the growth and yield of upland rice, but may also lead to a decline in quality. However, traditional breeding methods have limited improvement effects in terms of disease and pest resistance, and it is difficult to meet the high requirements of modern agriculture for upland rice varieties. 3. Traditional upland rice breeding methods still have problems with long breeding cycles and low efficiency. Since upland rice has a long growth cycle and is greatly affected by the natural environment, the breeding process often requires a lot of time and resources. At the same time, traditional breeding methods mostly use artificial pollination and natural selection, which makes it difficult to accurately control genetic variation, resulting in low breeding efficiency.

[0003] In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a breeding method for erect panicle type upland rice. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a breeding method for erect panicle type upland rice to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a breeding method for erect panicle type upland rice, specifically comprising the following steps: S1. Selection of breeding materials: selecting white glutinous corn, white glutinous sorghum and ground rice with excellent genetic stability, adaptability, drought tolerance and disease and insect pest resistance as hybrid parents; S2. Preparation of seedling medium: Use a bluestone trough that has been used by tigers for more than three years and has a natural microbial balance as a seedling container. Put 80 kilograms of corroded, fermented and dried tiger feces into the stone trough, control the paving thickness to 15-18 cm, spray 20% of the weight of the medium with water and turn it up and down until it is in a ball state, and finally cover it with agricultural film and let it ferment for 24 hours to fully ferment; S3, sowing and raising seedlings, sowing selected ground rice seeds, white glutinous corn seeds and northeastern white glutinous sorghum seeds in the prepared seedling raising medium, spraying 2.5% water by weight of the seedling raising medium, and then stop watering, allowing the seedlings to naturally absorb the moisture in the medium until the seedlings are withered, and then moved to the field; S4. Land preparation: level the land, remove weeds and rocks, and apply fertilizers and pesticides at a ratio of 20 catties of fermented and dried tiger dung, 40 catties of farmyard manure, 4 catties of potassium sulfate, 4 catties of magnesium sulfate, 4 catties of urea and 0.2 catties of phoxim per square meter; S5. Transplanting and mixed planting: Transplant the cultivated seedlings in the ratio of 40 upland rice plants, 1 sorghum plant, and 1 corn plant, with a transplanting density of 25 plants per square meter. Spray water lightly after transplanting. When the seedlings see water, they will quickly turn green. Water them immediately, but not too much. Stop when they are soaked; S6. Natural hybridization and screening: After transplanting, natural hybridization is allowed without artificial pollination. Through field screening, rice plants with upright panicle type, full grains and high yield are selected as seeds for next year's planting. This screening and planting process is carried out for three consecutive years until a stable upright panicle upland rice variety is formed.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, the seed purity of the selected white glutinous corn and white glutinous sorghum is ≥98%, and the germination rate is ≥85%.

[0007] Preferably, in step S2, the size of the seedling container is 60 cm in length, 40 cm in width and 30 cm in height, and a composite bacterial agent, sodium alginate and a mixture of trace elements are also added to the seedling matrix.

[0008] Preferably, the composite bacterial agent contains Bacillus, Trichoderma and Actinomycetes, and the amount added to each tank is 50 grams; The amount of sodium alginate added is 0.5% of the weight of the matrix; The trace element mixture includes iron, zinc, manganese and copper elements, and the added amount is 0.06% of the weight of the matrix.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, the seedlings are pretreated before sowing, including soaking the seedlings in a solution containing rooting powder and a fungicide, wherein the concentration of the rooting powder is 50-200 mg / L, and the concentration of the fungicide is 50-500 mg / L.

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, the quantities of the ground rice seeds, white glutinous corn seeds and northeastern white glutinous sorghum seeds are respectively: 50 ground rice seeds, 10 white glutinous corn seeds and 10 northeastern white glutinous sorghum seeds.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, in addition to fertilizers and pesticides, 5% of the total volume of the soil is mixed with biochar.

[0012] Preferably, in step S5, drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation is used for irrigation after transplanting. At the same time, the irrigation amount and frequency are adjusted in time according to the weather and soil moisture conditions to ensure the water supply required for seedling growth.

[0013] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: 1. The present invention can significantly improve the breeding efficiency of upland rice by carefully selecting white glutinous corn, white glutinous sorghum and ground rice varieties with excellent genetic stability, adaptability, drought resistance and pest and disease resistance as hybrid parents. At the same time, natural hybridization and three consecutive years of field screening are used to effectively screen out rice plants with upright panicle type, full grains and high yield, thereby ensuring the excellent quality and stability of the cultivated varieties, not only increasing the yield of upland rice, but also enhancing its stress resistance, so that upland rice can maintain good growth and yield performance under various environmental conditions; 2. The present invention adopts a bluestone trough that has been used by tigers for drinking water for more than three years and has a natural microbial balance as a seedling container, and adds organic substances such as corroded, fermented and dried tiger feces, as well as a composite bacterial agent, sodium alginate and a trace element mixture, etc., to provide a rich and balanced nutritional environment for the seedlings. At the same time, improved materials such as biochar are mixed into the land preparation, which further improves the fertility and air permeability of the soil, provides a solid foundation for the growth of upland rice, significantly improves the survival rate and growth rate of the seedlings, and lays a good foundation for subsequent transplanting and yield improvement; 3. The present invention adopts drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation, and timely adjusts the irrigation amount and frequency according to the weather and soil moisture conditions, ensuring the water supply required for seedling growth. At the same time, the seedlings are pretreated with rooting powder and fungicide solution before sowing, which not only improves the rooting ability and stress resistance of the seedlings, but also reduces the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, thereby improving the breeding success rate of upland rice, reducing production costs and labor intensity, and providing strong technical support for the industrialization development of upland rice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is the overall flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Embodiment 1, This embodiment provides a breeding method for erect panicle type upland rice, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Selection of breeding materials: white glutinous corn, white glutinous sorghum and ground rice with purity ≥98% and germination rate ≥85% were selected as hybrid parents; S2. Preparation of seedling medium: Use a 60cm×40cm×30cm bluestone trough as a seedling container, fill it with 80 catties of corroded, fermented and dried tiger feces, lay it with a thickness of 16 cm, spray it with water accounting for 20% of the weight of the medium, stir it evenly, cover it with agricultural film and let it sit for 24 hours. S3, sowing and raising seedlings, sowing 50 rice seeds, 10 white glutinous corn seeds, and 10 northeast white glutinous sorghum seeds in the substrate, spraying 2.5% of the weight of the substrate with water, and then not watering until the seedlings wither and then move to the field; S4. Land preparation: level the land, remove weeds and rocks, and apply fertilizer and pesticide at a ratio of 20 catties of tiger dung, 40 catties of farmyard manure, 4 catties of potassium sulfate, 4 catties of magnesium sulfate, 4 catties of urea and 0.2 catties of phoxim per square meter; S5. Transplanting mixed crops: transplant 40 plants of upland rice, 1 plant of sorghum, and 1 plant of corn at a density of 25 plants per square meter. Spray water lightly after transplanting, and water immediately after the seedlings turn green, until they are soaked; S6. Natural hybridization and screening: natural hybridization is allowed, and rice plants with upright panicle, full grains and high yield are selected as seeds for three consecutive years.

[0017] Embodiment 2, In this embodiment, based on the first embodiment, 50 g of composite bacterial agent (Bacillus, Trichoderma, actinomycetes), 0.5% of sodium alginate by weight of the matrix and 0.06% of a trace element mixture (iron, zinc, manganese, copper) were added to the matrix. Before sowing, the seedlings were soaked in a solution with a rooting powder concentration of 100 mg / L and a fungicide concentration of 250 mg / L.

[0018] Embodiment 3, In this embodiment, based on embodiment 2, drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation is used after transplanting, and the irrigation amount and frequency are adjusted in time according to the weather and soil moisture. During the land preparation stage, 5% biochar of the total volume of the soil is mixed to improve soil fertility and air permeability.

[0019] The breeding methods of the above-mentioned embodiments 1-3 are used as examples, and the traditional upland rice breeding method is used as a comparative example. A comparative experiment is carried out under the same conditions, and the final results are shown in the following table: From the data in the table, we can see that: 1. Breeding success rate: The breeding success rate of Example 1 is 85%, which is higher than 75% of the comparative example, indicating that the basic breeding method of the present invention is superior to the traditional method, and the breeding success rates of Examples 2 and 3 are further improved, reaching 92% and 98% respectively, proving the effectiveness of the optimization measures; 2. Plant height and ear length: The plant height and ear length of Example 1 are better than those of the comparative example, indicating that the breeding method of the present invention can promote the growth and development of upland rice, and the plant height and ear length of Examples 2 and 3 are further increased, indicating that the optimization measures can significantly improve the growth performance of upland rice; 3. Number of grains per ear and yield: The number of grains per ear and the yield of Example 1 are higher than those of the control example, which proves the advantage of the breeding method of the present invention in increasing the yield. The number of grains per ear and the yield of Examples 2 and 3 are further improved, especially the yield of Example 3 reaches 550 kg / mu, which is 37.5% higher than that of the control example, showing the significant effect of the present invention in increasing the yield of upland rice.

[0020] In summary, the upright panicle type upland rice breeding method of the present invention is superior to the traditional breeding method, and has significant improvements in breeding success rate, plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle and yield. Adding a composite bacterial agent, sodium alginate and a trace element mixture, soaking seedlings with rooting powder and fungicide solution, irrigating by drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation, mixing in biochar and other steps can further improve the growth performance and yield of upland rice, provide new ideas and technical means for the field of upland rice breeding, have good effects, and are worthy of promotion and application in the field of upland rice breeding.

[0021] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breeding method for erect panicle type upland rice, characterized in that: Specifically include the following steps: S1. Selection of breeding materials: selecting white glutinous corn, white glutinous sorghum and ground rice with excellent genetic stability, adaptability, drought tolerance and disease and pest resistance as hybrid parents; S2. Preparation of seedling medium: Use a bluestone trough that has been used by tigers for more than three years and has a natural microbial balance as a seedling container. Put 80 kilograms of corroded, fermented and dried tiger feces into the stone trough, control the paving thickness to 15-18 cm, spray 20% of the weight of the medium with water and turn it up and down until it is in a ball state, and finally cover it with agricultural film and let it ferment for 24 hours to fully ferment; S3, sowing and raising seedlings, sowing selected ground rice seeds, white glutinous corn seeds and northeastern white glutinous sorghum seeds in the prepared seedling raising medium, spraying 2.5% water by weight of the seedling raising medium, and then stop watering, allowing the seedlings to naturally absorb the moisture in the medium until the seedlings are withered, and then moved to the field; S4. Land preparation: level the land, remove weeds and rocks, and apply fertilizers and pesticides at a ratio of 20 catties of fermented and dried tiger dung, 40 catties of farmyard manure, 4 catties of potassium sulfate, 4 catties of magnesium sulfate, 4 catties of urea and 0.2 catties of phoxim per square meter; S5. Transplanting and mixed planting: Transplant the cultivated seedlings in the ratio of 40 upland rice plants, 1 sorghum plant, and 1 corn plant, with a transplanting density of 25 plants per square meter. Spray water lightly after transplanting. When the seedlings see water, they will quickly turn green. Water them immediately, but not too much. Stop when they are soaked; S6. Natural hybridization and screening: After transplanting, natural hybridization is allowed without artificial pollination. Through field screening, rice plants with upright panicle type, full grains and high yield are selected as seeds for next year's planting. This screening and planting process is carried out for three consecutive years until a stable upright panicle upland rice variety is formed.

2. The breeding method of erect panicle type upland rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the seed purity of the selected white glutinous corn and white glutinous sorghum is ≥98%, and the germination rate is ≥85%.

3. The breeding method of erect panicle type upland rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the dimensions of the seedling container are 60 cm in length, 40 cm in width and 30 cm in height, and a compound bacterial agent, sodium alginate and a mixture of trace elements are also added to the seedling medium.

4. The breeding method of erect panicle type upland rice according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composite bacterial agent contains Bacillus, Trichoderma and Actinomycetes, and the amount added to each tank is 50 grams; The amount of sodium alginate added is 0.5% of the weight of the matrix; The trace element mixture includes iron, zinc, manganese and copper elements, and the added amount is 0.06% of the weight of the matrix.

5. The breeding method of erect panicle type upland rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the seedlings are pretreated before sowing, including soaking the seedlings in a solution containing rooting powder and a fungicide, wherein the concentration of the rooting powder is 50-200 mg / L, and the concentration of the fungicide is 50-500 mg / L.

6. The breeding method of erect panicle type upland rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the quantities of the ground rice seeds, white glutinous corn seeds and northeastern white glutinous sorghum are respectively: 50 ground rice seeds, 10 white glutinous corn seeds and 10 northeastern white glutinous sorghum seeds.

7. The breeding method of erect panicle type upland rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, in addition to fertilizers and pesticides, 5% of the total volume of biochar was mixed into the soil.

8. The breeding method of erect panicle type upland rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, after transplanting, drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation is used for irrigation. At the same time, the irrigation amount and frequency are adjusted in time according to the weather and soil moisture conditions to ensure the water supply required for seedling growth.

Images