Synergistic compositions for improving mineral bioaccessibility

Abstract

A synergistic composition for improving the bioaccessibility of minerals comprises lutein, a casein phosphopeptide, or a 1, 3-dioleoyl-2-palmitic acid triglyceride, preferably in combination with one or more non-digestible oligosaccharides. These compositions are useful for the prevention and / or treatment of mineral deficiency and related conditions, preferably anemia, said minerals comprising iron and / or calcium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is in the field of synergistic compositions for improving the bioaccessibility of minerals. In particular, the present invention relates to compositions for use in the prevention and / or treatment of mineral deficiencies, in particular anemia. Background Art

[0002] Mineral deficiencies affect billions of individuals of all ages worldwide. Even though mineral deficiencies may be related to disorders affecting the digestive tract's ability to adequately absorb minerals, the most common cause of mineral deficiencies is insufficient nutritional intake. This is of course a relevant public health issue in developing countries, but it has increasingly become a health issue among population groups with (voluntary) dietary restrictions, such as vegans and vegetarians.

[0003] It is estimated that at least 50% of anemia cases worldwide are related to iron deficiency. In addition to anemia, suboptimal iron levels may increase the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality, lead to early cognitive impairment in elderly subjects, and reduce immunity, health, and work efficiency in adults.

[0004] Calcium deficiency may reduce bone strength and lead to osteoporosis, which is characterized by brittle bones and an increased risk of falls. Calcium deficiency may also lead to rickets in children, which causes abnormal cartilage growth and irreversible changes in the structure of the skeleton. There is growing evidence that optimal calcium levels are associated with a reduced risk of cancer, particularly colon and rectal cancer.

[0005] Although less common than iron and calcium deficiencies, zinc deficiency can also cause symptoms such as growth retardation, loss of appetite and impaired immune function in infants, hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, hypogonadism in men, and eye and skin lesions. Weight loss and mental fatigue may also occur.

[0006] Fortified foods and supplements have long been used to combat mineral deficiencies. In particular, iron fortification programs have been credited with improving the iron status of millions of women, infants, and children. However, large amounts of iron supplementation may reduce zinc absorption. On the other hand, high zinc intake can inhibit copper absorption, sometimes producing copper deficiency and associated anemia. Therefore, adopting a nutritional approach to improve the bioaccessibility of minerals is a desirable alternative to mineral supplementation.

[0007] WO 2013057072A1 relates to a composition comprising at least one N-acetylated oligosaccharide, at least one sialylated oligosaccharide and at least one fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and / or galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) for use in promoting magnesium absorption and / or magnesium retention in infants.

[0008] WO 2015000694A1 relates to a composition comprising a lactoferrin-osteopontin-iron complex for use in treating or preventing iron deficiency.

[0009] CN 111616232A relates to a milk powder for promoting bone growth in infants. The milk powder comprises the following parts by weight: 3000-4000 parts of raw cow's milk or raw goat's milk, 100-200 parts of skim milk powder, 100-200 parts of desalted whey powder, 30-80 parts of compound vegetable oil or 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triester, 50-150 parts of solid corn syrup, 50-150 parts of whey protein powder, 30-100 parts of crystalline fructose, 20-50 parts of oligofructose, 10-30 parts of anhydrous butter, 5-20 parts of galacto-oligosaccharide, 1-3 parts of compound vitamins, 1-3 parts of compound minerals, and 2.2-9 parts of calcium-promoting components. The calcium-promoting components are selected from casein phosphopeptide, hydrolyzed egg yolk powder and vitamin K2 powder.

[0010] JP 2008184459 relates to a composition comprising calcium and a carotenoid, preferably cryptoxanthin or a derivative thereof, for increasing the intestinal uptake of calcium.

[0011] Miquel et al. (“Effects and future trends of casein phosphopeptides on zinc bioavailability”. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 18, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 139-143) discussed the usefulness of casein phosphopeptides' effects on zinc bioavailability. Similarly, Hansen et al. ("Casein phosphopeptides improve zinc and calcium absorption from rice-based but not from whole-grain infant cereal." J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1997 Jan;24(1):56-62) describe that casein phosphopeptides added to infant food for adults improved the absorption of calcium and zinc from rice-based cereals. Summary of the invention

[0012] Using a simulated digestion model, the inventors have observed that mineral bioaccessibility is significantly increased in the presence of lutein. In particular, the inventors have unexpectedly observed that the combination of lutein with calcium phosphopeptide or 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, preferably in the presence of fermentation products of non-digestible carbohydrates, can synergistically improve mineral bioaccessibility. Thus, a novel nutritional method for preventing and / or treating mineral deficiencies, particularly iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium deficiencies and related conditions is provided.

[0013] Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to the non-therapeutic use of a composition comprising lutein for increasing mineral bioaccessibility in a human subject, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of:

[0014] a. Calcium phosphopeptide, or

[0015] b.1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a composition comprising lutein for use in preventing or treating mineral deficiency and / or conditions associated therewith in a human subject, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of the following:

[0017] a. Calcium phosphopeptide, or

[0018] b.1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride.

[0019] A further aspect relates to synergistic compositions according to the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Effect of the combination with lutein and CPP on iron bioaccessibility (p<0.05). Horizontal bars indicate significant differences between the compared conditions.

[0021] Figure 2 Effect of a combination of lutein, CPP and short-chain fatty acids on iron bioaccessibility (p<0.05). Horizontal bars indicate significant differences between the compared conditions.

[0022] Figure 3 Effect of combinations with lutein, OPO and short-chain fatty acids on iron bioaccessibility (p<0.05). Horizontal bars indicate significant differences between the compared conditions.

[0023] Figure 4 Effect of combinations with lutein, OPO and short-chain fatty acids on calcium bioaccessibility (p<0.05). Horizontal bars indicate significant differences between the compared conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention relates to the non-therapeutic use of a composition comprising lutein for increasing mineral bioaccessibility in a human subject, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of:

[0025] a. Calcium phosphopeptide, or

[0026] b.1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride.

[0027] The present invention also relates to a composition comprising lutein for use in preventing or treating mineral deficiency and / or conditions associated therewith in a human subject, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of the following:

[0028] a. Calcium phosphopeptide, or

[0029] b.1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride.

[0030] In some jurisdictions, this aspect may be defined as a method of preventing or treating a mineral deficiency and / or a condition associated therewith in a human subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising lutein and at least one of:

[0031] a. Calcium phosphopeptide, or

[0032] b.1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride.

[0033] The present invention may also be described as lutein and at least one of:

[0034] a. Calcium phosphopeptide, or

[0035] b.1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride

[0036] Use in the preparation of a composition for preventing or treating mineral deficiency and / or conditions associated therewith in a human subject.

[0037] Lutein is present in the composition in a therapeutically effective amount.

[0038] As used herein, "prevention" refers to reducing the risk of a human subject, particularly a human subject at risk of developing a symptom or condition associated with a mineral deficiency, developing such a symptom or condition. Treatments contemplated by the invention include alleviating the symptoms of a disorder associated with a mineral deficiency or reducing the manifestations of a disorder associated with a mineral deficiency.

[0039] As used herein, "mineral bioaccessibility" is defined as the amount of ingested micronutrients (minerals) that can be absorbed in the intestine after digestion. Preferably, increasing mineral bioaccessibility refers to increasing iron, zinc, magnesium and / or calcium bioaccessibility, more preferably iron and / or calcium bioaccessibility.

[0040] "Mineral deficiency" refers to decreased levels of a mineral essential for human health. Abnormally low mineral concentrations are generally defined as levels that may impair functions that depend on that mineral. Mineral deficiency (also called micronutrient deficiency or "hidden hunger") is a form of malnutrition that occurs when too little mineral is consumed or absorbed to maintain good health and development in children and normal physical and mental function in adults. Causes include poor diet, gastrointestinal disorders that alter the bioaccessibility of micronutrients, drug interactions, or increased micronutrient requirements (e.g., during pregnancy, lactation, or growth).

[0041] In one embodiment, the prevention or treatment of mineral deficiency refers to zinc deficiency, iron deficiency or calcium deficiency in human subjects, and / or conditions related thereto. Preferred conditions related to mineral deficiency include iron malabsorption, anemia, rickets, impaired cognitive development (particularly cognitive retardation), growth retardation, bone diseases (particularly osteoporosis), restless legs syndrome, impaired immune function, cardiopulmonary problems, fatigue, postpartum depression, etc. Preferably, the condition is selected from iron malabsorption, anemia, cognitive impairment, osteoporosis, rickets, growth retardation or impaired immune function.

[0042] Preferably, the mineral deficiency is selected from calcium and iron. Preferably, the use for preventing or treating zinc, iron and / or calcium deficiency, preferably iron and / or calcium deficiency and related conditions is directed to infants, young children, children, lactating women and / or adults, preferably adult women. More preferably, the human is an infant or infant or an adult woman. More preferably, the adult woman is greater than or equal to 45 years old, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 years old.

[0043] Lutein

[0044] As used herein, lutein exists as free lutein (xanthophyll), lutein esters (xanthophyllesters) or other chemical forms of lutein. Lutein can be obtained or separated by any method recognized by those skilled in the art. For example, lutein can be obtained by extraction from marigold or other lutein-rich sources, chemical synthesis, fermentation or other biotechnologically derived and enriched lutein (xanthophyll) sources. Lutein in a suitable form that can be used in the present invention is commercially available, such as Lutein (powder with 1% lutein), or commercially available lutein in oily form. The amounts of lutein defined herein refer to free lutein (ie, equivalent to 100% pure lutein).

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises lutein in an amount of ≥60 μg / 100 g of composition, preferably 60-430 μg / 100 g of composition, more preferably 70-400 μg / 100 g of composition, even more preferably 70-350 μg / 100 g of composition, most preferably 80-350 μg / 100 g of composition. Preferably, the composition is a powder composition, and the weight is expressed per 100 g of powder composition. In other words, the composition comprises lutein in an amount of ≥5 μg / 100 ml, preferably 5-65 μg / 100 ml of composition, preferably 7-60 μg / 100 ml of composition, more preferably 8-55 μg / 100 ml of composition, even more preferably 8.5-50 μg / 100 ml of composition. The amount expressed per 100 ml of composition refers to a ready-to-drink nutritional composition in liquid form, for example after reconstitution of the powder composition in water.

[0046] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition is an infant formula. Preferably, the infant formula according to the present invention comprises lutein in an amount of 60-430 μg / 100 g of composition, preferably 70-400 μg / 100 g of composition, even more preferably 70-150 μg / 100 g of composition. In other words, the infant formula comprises lutein in an amount of 5-65 μg / 100 ml of composition, preferably 6.5-60 μg / 100 ml of composition, more preferably 8-60 μg / 100 ml of composition, even more preferably 8-30 μg / 100 ml of composition. The amount indicated per 100 ml of infant formula refers to a ready-to-drink infant formula in liquid form, for example, after reconstitution of the powder in water.

[0047] According to another preferred embodiment, the composition is a follow-up formula food. Preferably, the follow-up formula food according to the present invention comprises lutein in an amount of 60-430 μg / 100g powder composition, preferably 120-390 μg / 100g powder composition, more preferably 180-350 μg / 100g powder composition. In other words, the follow-up formula food comprises lutein in an amount of 5-65 μg / 100ml composition, preferably 15-55 μg / 100ml composition, more preferably 20-45 μg / 100ml composition. The amount represented by each 100ml follow-up formula food refers to the ready-to-drink follow-up formula food in liquid form, for example, after reconstitution of the powder composition in water.

[0048] According to yet another embodiment, the composition is a toddler formula. Preferably, the toddler formula according to the present invention comprises lutein in an amount of 60-430 μg / 100 g of powder composition, preferably 120-390 μg / 100 g of powder composition, more preferably 180-350 μg / 100 g of powder composition. In other words, the toddler formula comprises lutein in an amount of 5-65 μg / 100 ml of composition, preferably 15-55 μg / 100 ml of composition, more preferably 20-45 μg / 100 ml of composition. The amount indicated per 100 ml of toddler formula refers to a ready-to-drink toddler formula in liquid form, for example, after reconstitution of the powder composition in water.

[0049] Casein phosphopeptide (CPP)

[0050] As used herein, casein phosphopeptides are defined as casein-derived peptides having at least one phosphoserine residue / peptide molecule. Casein phosphopeptides typically contain phosphoserine (SerP) residues, preferably at least 1 residue / 20 amino acid residues, more preferably at least 1 SerP residue / 10 amino acid residues, or even at least 1 SerP / 7 amino acid residues, such as up to 3 SerP / 7 amino acid residues. In addition to or in place of SerP, other phosphorylated amino acids may also be present, such as phosphothreonine (ThrP) or phosphotyrosine (TyrP). Casein phosphopeptides suitable for use in the present invention may have a phosphorus content between 0.6-1.5wt%. Casein phosphopeptides may be prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of casein or caseinate, particularly whole casein, α-casein, κ-casein or β-casein, for example using trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic enzymes or bacterial (Bacillus), fungal or plant endo- and / or exo-proteases or mixtures thereof. Commercial sources of casein phosphopeptides include, but are not limited to, bovine casein phosphopeptides.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the composition comprises casein phosphopeptide (CPP). Preferably, the composition comprises CPP in an amount of 5-20 mg / 100 ml composition, preferably 6.0-16.0 mg / 100 ml composition. The amount expressed per ml composition refers to a ready-to-drink nutritional composition in liquid form. Per 100 g of composition, preferably powdered composition, CPP is present in an amount ranging from 25-159 mg, preferably 40-150 mg, more preferably 40-70 mg. Preferably, the weight ratio of lutein to CPP ranges from 1:150 to 1:1000, preferably from 1:200 to 1:900.

[0052] 1,3-Dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO)

[0053] Preferably, the composition comprises 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmityl triglyceride (OPO). The triglyceride 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmityl triglyceride is known to be an important component of human milk fat.

[0054] As used herein, 1,3-dioleo-2-palmitoyl triglyceride refers to a commercially available fat, for example, 1,3-dioleo-2-palmitoyl triglyceride from Loders Croklaan BV, Wormerville, The Netherlands. like B-55.

[0055] According to a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the combined use of lutein and 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol. Therefore, the composition, use and method of the present invention preferably relate to a composition comprising lutein and 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol.

[0056] Preferably, the composition comprises 2-12 g OPO / 100 g composition, preferably 2.5-10 g OPO / 100 g composition, preferably a powder composition. In other words, the composition comprises 0.27-1.62 g OPO / 100 ml composition, preferably 0.34-1.35 g OPO / 100 ml composition, preferably a reconstituted, ready-to-drink composition.

[0057] The inventors have unexpectedly discovered that a combination of lutein, 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, and fermentation products of non-digestible carbohydrates (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) can synergistically improve mineral bioaccessibility. In particular, the inventors have unexpectedly observed that the bioaccessibility of calcium and iron is synergistically improved.

[0058] Thus, in one aspect, the present invention relates to a composition comprising lutein for non-therapeutic use for increasing mineral bioaccessibility in a human subject, wherein the composition further comprises 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride and at least one non-digestible carbohydrate. Thus, the present invention also relates to a composition comprising lutein for use in preventing or treating mineral deficiency and / or conditions associated therewith in a human subject, wherein the composition further comprises 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride and at least one non-digestible carbohydrate.

[0059] Indigestible carbohydrates

[0060] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises non-digestible carbohydrates.

[0061] As used herein, the term "non-digestible carbohydrates" refers to oligosaccharides that are not digested in the intestine by the action of acids or digestive enzymes present in the human upper digestive tract (e.g., small intestine and stomach), but reach the distal parts of the intestine (e.g., colon) intact, where they are fermented by human intestinal microflora. For example, sucrose, lactose, maltose, and maltodextrin are considered digestible sugars.

[0062] Microbial metabolites of indigestible carbohydrates include short chain fatty acids (SCFA), e.g., acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, etc. The inventors have surprisingly found that the presence of fermentation products of indigestible carbohydrates (SCFA) further improves mineral bioaccessibility when used in combination with lutein and at least one of phosphopeptide calcium or 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triester. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises at least one indigestible carbohydrate.

[0063] The composition according to the present invention preferably comprises non-digestible carbohydrates selected from the group comprising prebiotic oligosaccharides, human milk oligosaccharides and combinations thereof.

[0064] Preferably, the composition comprises 80 mg to 4 g of non-digestible carbohydrates / 100 ml, more preferably 150 mg to 2 g of non-digestible carbohydrates / 100 ml, even more preferably 300 mg to 1 g of non-digestible carbohydrates / 100 ml. Based on dry weight, the composition preferably comprises non-digestible carbohydrates in an amount of 0.25 wt.% to 25 wt.%, more preferably 0.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%, even more preferably 1.5 wt.% to 7.5 wt.% based on the total composition.

[0065] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises calcium phosphopeptide and at least one indigestible carbohydrate. Preferably, calcium, zinc and / or iron bioaccessibility is increased, more preferably iron bioaccessibility is increased. The present invention encompasses therapeutic uses and methods for preventing or treating mineral deficiency and / or conditions associated therewith.

[0066] According to another preferred embodiment, the composition comprises 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride and at least one indigestible carbohydrate. Preferably, calcium, zinc and / or iron bioaccessibility is increased, more preferably iron and / or calcium bioaccessibility is increased. The present invention encompasses therapeutic uses and methods for preventing or treating mineral deficiencies and / or conditions associated therewith.

[0067] Prebiotic Oligosaccharides

[0068] Prebiotic oligosaccharides are non-digestible oligosaccharides.Preferably, the nutritional composition according to the present invention preferably comprises prebiotic oligosaccharides.

[0069] Preferred prebiotic oligosaccharides have a DP ranging from 2 to 250, more preferably from 2 to 60, most preferably below 40. Advantageously and most preferably, the prebiotic oligosaccharides are water soluble (according to the method disclosed in: L. Prosky et al., J. Assoc. Anal. Chem [Journal of the Analytical Chemistry Association] 71: 1017-1023, 1988).

[0070] Suitable prebiotic oligosaccharides are at least one, more preferably at least two, preferably at least three selected from the group consisting of fructooligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, arabino-oligosaccharides, arabino-galacto-oligosaccharides, glucose-oligosaccharides, chito-oligosaccharides, glucomanno-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, manno-oligosaccharides, and uronic acid oligosaccharides. The group of fructooligosaccharides includes inulin, the group of galacto-oligosaccharides includes trans-galacto-oligosaccharides or β-galacto-oligosaccharides, the group of glucose-oligosaccharides includes cyclodextrins, gentio-oligosaccharides and niger oligosaccharides and indigestible polyglucose, the group of galacto-oligosaccharides includes partially hydrolyzed guar gum, and the group of uronic acid oligosaccharides includes pectin degradation products (e.g. prepared from apple pectin, beet pectin and / or citrus pectin).

[0071] Preferably, the composition comprises at least one prebiotic oligosaccharide, more preferably at least two prebiotic oligosaccharides. Preferably, the composition comprises a prebiotic oligosaccharide selected from the following list, the list comprising: oligofructose, oligogalactose or a mixture thereof. More preferably, the composition comprises oligofructose and oligogalactose in a weight ratio between (20 to 2): 1, more preferably (20 to 2): 1, even more preferably (20 to 2): 1, even more preferably (12 to 7): 1. Most preferably the weight ratio is about 9: 1.

[0072] The galacto-oligosaccharide is preferably a β-galacto-oligosaccharide. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the present composition comprises β-galacto-oligosaccharides ([galactose] n-glucose; wherein n is an integer ranging from 2 to 60, i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ..., 59, 60; preferably, n is selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10), wherein the galactose units are mostly linked together via β bonds. β-Galacto-oligosaccharides are also called trans-galacto-oligosaccharides (TOS). β-Galacto-oligosaccharides are available, for example, under the trade name Vivinal TM(Borculo Domo Ingredients, The Netherlands). Another suitable source is Bi2Munno (Classado). Preferably, TOS comprises at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, of β-1,4 and β-1,6 bonds based on the total bonds.

[0073] Fructo-oligosaccharides are prebiotic oligosaccharides comprising chains of β-linked fructose units having a DP or average DP of 2 to 250, more preferably 2 to 100, even more preferably 10 to 60. Fructo-oligosaccharides include inulin, fructans and / or mixed polyfructose. A particularly preferred fructo-oligosaccharide is inulin. Fructo-oligosaccharides suitable for use in the composition are also commercially available, for example HP (Orafti). Preferably, the average DP of the fructo-oligosaccharide is greater than 20.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises only prebiotic oligosaccharides, ie no human milk oligosaccharides.

[0075] Preferably, the composition comprises 80mg to 4g prebiotic oligosaccharides / 100ml, more preferably 150mg to 2g prebiotic oligosaccharides / 100ml, even more preferably 300mg to 1g prebiotic oligosaccharides / 100ml. Based on dry weight, the composition preferably comprises 0.25wt.% to 25wt.%, more preferably 0.5wt.% to 10wt.%, even more preferably 1.5wt.% to 7.5wt.% prebiotic oligosaccharides based on the total composition. In terms of per 100g composition, the prebiotic oligosaccharides are present in an amount of at least 3g / 100g composition, more preferably 3.5-8g / 100g composition. Typically, the composition is in powder form, such as infant formula, follow-up formula and / or toddler formula. More preferably, the prebiotic oligosaccharides are selected from galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides or a combination thereof.

[0076] Human milk oligosaccharides

[0077] According to one embodiment, the nutritional composition according to the invention comprises human milk oligosaccharides.

[0078] "Human milk oligosaccharides" (HMOs) are present in human milk and are non-digestible carbohydrates built from the following monomers: D-glucose, D-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, L-fucose and sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid).

[0079] Preferably, the composition of the present invention comprises human milk oligosaccharides selected from, but not limited to, the group comprising: sialic acid oligosaccharides, such as 3-sialyllactose (3-SL), 6-sialyllactose (6-SL), sialyllactotetraose (LST) a, b and c, disialyllactose-N-tetraose (DSLNT), sialyllactose-N-hexaose (S-LNH), DS-LNH, and fuco-oligosaccharides, such as (un)sulfated fuco-oligosaccharides, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), difucosyllactose, lactose-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I, II, III and IV, lactose-N-neofucopentose (LNnFP), lactose-N-difucosyl-hexaose (LNDH) and mixtures thereof.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention comprises only human milk oligosaccharides, ie does not contain prebiotic oligosaccharides.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises only human milk oligosaccharides, i.e. no prebiotic oligosaccharides. Based on dry weight, the nutritional composition of the present invention preferably comprises 0.038 wt.% to 12 wt.% HMO, preferably 0.075 wt.% to 9 wt.% HMO, more preferably 0.15 wt.% to 6 wt.% HMO, even more preferably 0.3 wt.% to 2.5 wt.% HMO. In other words, the composition comprises human milk oligosaccharides in an amount of 0.5 mg to 5 g / 100 ml of composition, preferably 1.0 mg to 4.5 g / 100 ml of composition, more preferably 0.5 g to 4.0 g / 100 ml of composition, even more preferably 1.0 g to 3.5 g / 100 ml of composition, most preferably 1.5 g to 3.0 g / 100 ml of composition. The amounts expressed per ml of composition refer to a ready-to-drink nutritional composition in liquid form. Based on energy, the nutritional composition of the present invention preferably comprises 0.008 to 2.5 g HMO / 100 kcal, preferably 0.015 to 2.5 g HMO / 100 kcal, more preferably 0.03 to 1.0 g HMO / 100 kcal, even more preferably 0.06 to 0.5 g HMO / 100 kcal. Too high an amount will lead to an increased risk of osmotic diarrhea, which will offset the beneficial effects of the mixture.

[0082] Preferably, the human milk oligosaccharide is selected from 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), 3-sialyllactose (3-SL), 6-sialyllactose (6-SL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) or a combination thereof. More preferably, the composition comprises 2'-FL.

[0083] 2'-FL, preferably α-L-Fuc-(1→2)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-D-Glc, is commercially available, for example, from Sigma-Aldrich. Alternatively, it can be isolated from human milk, for example, as described in Andersson and Donald, 1981, J Chromatogr. 211: 170-1744, or produced by genetically modified microorganisms, for example, as described in Albermann et al., 2001, Carbohydrate Res. 334: 97-103.

[0084] The nutritional composition of the present invention preferably comprises at least one human milk oligosaccharide selected from the group consisting of 2'-FL, 3-FL, 3'-SL and 6'-SL.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the nutritional composition according to the present invention comprises at least 0.005 g of the sum of 2'-FL, 3-FL, 3'-SL and 6'-SL / 100 ml, more preferably at least 0.01 g, more preferably at least 0.02 g, even more preferably at least 0.04 g of the sum of 2'-FL, 3-FL, 3'-SL and 6'-SL / 100 ml. Based on dry weight, the nutritional composition of the present invention preferably comprises at least 0.038 wt.% of the sum of 2'-FL, 3-FL, 3'-SL and 6'-SL, more preferably at least 0.075 wt.%, more preferably at least 0.15 wt.% of the sum of 2'-FL, 3-FL, 3'-SL and 6'-SL, even more preferably at least 0.3 wt.%. Based on energy, the nutritional composition of the present invention preferably comprises at least 0.008 g / 100 kcal of the sum of 2'-FL, 3-FL, 3'-SL and 6'-SL, more preferably at least 0.015 g / 100 kcal, more preferably at least 0.03 g / 100 kcal, even more preferably at least 0.06 / 100 kcal.

[0086] Preferably, the nutritional composition according to the invention comprises HMO which is essentially 2'-FL, which means that at least 95 wt.% of the HMO consists of 2'-FL. Preferably, the nutritional composition according to the invention comprises 0.01 g to 1 g 2'-FL / 100 ml, more preferably 0.02 g to 0.5 g, even more preferably 0.04 g to 0.2 g 2'-FL / 100 ml. Based on dry weight, the nutritional composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.075 wt.% to 8 wt.% 2'-FL, more preferably 0.15 wt.% to 4 wt.% 2'-FL, even more preferably 0.3 wt.% to 1.5 wt.% 2'-FL. Based on energy, the nutritional composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.015 to 1.5 g 2'-FL / 100 kcal, more preferably 0.03 to 0.75 g 2'-FL / 100 kcal, even more preferably 0.06 to 0.4 g 2'-FL / 100 kcal.

[0087] In yet another preferred embodiment a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides and human milk oligosaccharides is present.Preferably, the composition comprises at least two different non-digestible carbohydrates, wherein at least two non-digestible carbohydrates are selected from the group of prebiotic oligosaccharides or from the group of human milk oligosaccharides.

[0088] According to another embodiment, the nutritional composition comprises non-digestible carbohydrates, preferably at least two different non-digestible carbohydrates, more preferably non-digestible carbohydrates of two different origins. Preferably, the at least two different non-digestible carbohydrates include non-digestible carbohydrates selected from the group of prebiotic oligosaccharides and non-digestible carbohydrates selected from the group of human milk oligosaccharides. More preferably, the composition comprises galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides in combination with 2'-FL and / or LNT (preferably 2'-FL).

[0089] Preferably, the weight ratio of human milk oligosaccharides (such as FL, preferably 2'-FL) to prebiotic oligosaccharides (preferably galacto-oligosaccharides) is from 5 to 0.05, more preferably from 5 to 0.1, more preferably from 2 to 0.1. Preferably, the weight ratio of human milk oligosaccharides (such as FL, preferably 2'-FL) to prebiotic oligosaccharides (preferably fructo-oligosaccharides, more preferably inulin) is from 10 to 0.05, more preferably from 10 to 0.1, more preferably from 2 to 0.5.

[0090] Nutritional compositions and other ingredients

[0091] The composition of the present invention is preferably administered enterally, more preferably orally.The composition of the present invention comprises a dry food, preferably a powder, with instructions for mixing the dry food mixture with a suitable liquid, preferably water.

[0092] In one embodiment, the nutritional composition is a powder. Suitably, the nutritional composition is in the form of a powder, which can be reconstituted with water or other food grade aqueous liquid to form a ready-to-drink liquid, or in the form of a liquid concentrate, which should be diluted with water to form a ready-to-drink liquid.

[0093] The present composition preferably comprises a lipid component, a protein component, a carbohydrate component and combinations thereof.

[0094] Preferably, the nutritional composition according to the invention is a nutritionally complete composition, ie the composition comprises lipids, carbohydrates and proteins.

[0095] According to a preferred embodiment, the person is an infant or a young child. Preferably, the infant or young child is between 0-60 months old, more preferably 0-36 months old, even more preferably 6-24 months old, most preferably 6-18 months old.

[0096] Therefore, preferred nutritional compositions for infants or young children include infant formula, follow-on formula, toddler formula / growing-up milk, milk fortifier, nutritional supplement, etc. Preferably, the nutritional composition is an infant formula, follow-on formula or toddler formula / growing-up milk. Preferably, these compositions are in powder form for reconstitution in liquid before consumption. The composition of the present invention can be advantageously used as a complete nutrition for infants. The composition is a synthetic composition, i.e., not or does not contain human breast milk.

[0097] In the present invention, infant formula refers to an artificially prepared nutritional composition intended for an infant of 0 to about 4 to 6 months old, and is intended as a substitute for human milk. Typically, infant formula is suitable for use as a sole source of nutrition. Such infant formula is also referred to as a section of formula. The subsequent formula for an infant of 4 to 6 months old to 12 months old after birth is intended to be a supplementary feeding for an infant who starts weaning and eats other foods. Infant formula and subsequent formula are subject to strict regulations, such as EU regulations No. 609 / 2013 and No. 2016 / 127. In this article, toddler formula refers to an artificially prepared nutritional composition intended for an infant of 12 months to 36 months old, and is intended to be a supplementary feeding for an infant. In the context of the present invention, toddler formula may also be referred to as growing-up milk.

[0098] The nutritional composition for children is preferably for children aged 3 to 12 years, preferably 2 to 10 years, more preferably 3 to 6 years. Non-limiting examples of compositions for children include nutritional supplements, such as powders to be dispersed in liquids such as water, milk or yogurt, or ready-to-drink beverages.

[0099] The nutritional composition is preferably an infant formula or a follow-up formula or a toddler formula. In one embodiment, the nutritional composition is preferably an infant formula or a follow-up formula or a toddler formula, and preferably comprises 3 to 7 g lipid / 100 kcal, preferably 4 to 6 g lipid / 100 kcal, more preferably 4.5 to 5.5 g lipid / 100 kcal, preferably comprises 1.7 to 3.5 g protein / 100 kcal, more preferably 1.8 to 3.0 g protein / 100 kcal, more preferably 1.8 to 2.5 g protein / 100 kcal, and more preferably comprises 5 to 20 g digestible carbohydrate / 100 kcal, preferably 6 to 16 g digestible carbohydrate / 100 kcal, more preferably 10-15 g digestible carbohydrate / 100 kcal.

[0100] When the nutritional composition is in a ready-to-drink form, it preferably has an energy density of 60 to 75 kcal / 100 ml, more preferably 60 to 70 kcal / 100 ml.

[0101] Preferably, the composition comprises 5-15 g protein / 100 g composition, more preferably 8-14 g protein / 100 g composition. Typically, the composition is a powder, so per 100 g powder composition. In other words, the composition comprises 0.8-2.5 g protein / 100 ml, more preferably 1.0-2.0 g protein / 100 ml ready-to-drink composition. The protein is intact, partially or fully hydrolyzed.

[0102] The lipid is preferably present in an amount between 15-35 g / 100 g of the composition, preferably 20-30 g / 100 g of the composition. In other words, the composition comprises 2.5-5 g lipid / 100 ml of the ready-to-drink composition, preferably 3.0-4.5 g lipid / 100 ml of the ready-to-drink composition.

[0103] Preferably, the lipids include linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. Preferably, the composition comprises 1.5-6g linoleic acid / 100g composition, preferably a powder composition. In another preferred embodiment, the composition comprises 150-550mg alpha-linoleic acid / 100g composition, preferably a powder composition.

[0104] Preferably, the composition comprises DHA and / or ARA. Preferably, the composition comprises 65-150 mg DHA / 100 g composition, preferably a powder composition. Also preferred is a composition comprising 100-200 mg ARA / 100 g composition, preferably a powder composition.

[0105] Preferably, the composition comprises digestible carbohydrates. Preferred digestible carbohydrate sources are lactose, glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, maltose, starch and maltodextrin. Preferably, the composition comprises at least 40g digestible carbohydrates / 100g composition, preferably a powder composition, more preferably 45-70g digestible carbohydrates / 100g composition. Per 100ml, the composition comprises 5-9g digestible carbohydrates, preferably 6-8g digestible carbohydrates. The amounts indicated per 100ml composition refer to the ready-to-drink nutritional composition in liquid form, for example after reconstitution of the powder composition in water.

[0106] Lactose is the main digestible carbohydrate present in human milk. The nutritional composition preferably comprises lactose. The nutritional composition preferably comprises digestible carbohydrates, wherein at least 35 wt.%, more preferably at least 50 wt.%, more preferably at least 75 wt.%, even more preferably at least 90 wt.%, most preferably at least 95 wt.% of the digestible carbohydrates are lactose. Based on dry weight, the nutritional composition preferably comprises at least 25 wt.% lactose, preferably at least 40 wt.% lactose.

[0107] In one embodiment, the composition is selected from infant formula, follow-on formula, growing-up milk, human milk fortifier, supplement, baby food, weaning product, etc. In another embodiment, the human subject is an adult, preferably an elderly person (e.g., an adult over 45 years old), more preferably an adult female, even more preferably over 45 years old, most preferably over 55 years old.

[0108] Non-limiting examples of compositions include fortified foods, supplements, nutraceuticals, capsules, powders, juices, milk powders, morning or evening supplements, and the like.

[0109] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a mineral. Preferably, the mineral is selected from the group consisting of iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium or a combination thereof.

[0110] Preferably, the composition comprises a source of iron. Iron is present in an amount ranging from 1.0 to 10 mg / 100 g total composition, preferably from 1.5 to 9.0 mg / 100 g total composition, even more preferably from 2.0 to 8.5 mg / 100 g total composition. Per 100 ml of reconstituted composition, iron is present in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 mg, preferably from 0.25 to 1.25 mg, even more preferably from 0.3 to 1.0 mg iron / 100 ml composition.

[0111] Preferably, the composition comprises a source of calcium. Calcium is present in an amount ranging from 200 to 1000 mg / 100 g total composition, preferably from 250 to 850 mg / 100 g total composition, even more preferably from 280 to 750 mg / 100 g total composition. Iron is present in an amount ranging from 25 to 100 mg, preferably from 30 to 90 mg, even more preferably from 35 to 85 mg iron / 100 ml composition per 100 ml reconstituted composition.

[0112] Preferably, the composition comprises a source of iron, such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferric dextran, sodium ferrous citrate, ferric tartrate, etc. Iron is present in an amount ranging from 1.0 to 10 mg / 100 g of the total composition, preferably from 1.5 to 9.5 mg / 100 g of the total composition, even more preferably from 2.0 to 9.0 mg / 100 g of the total composition. Per 100 ml of the reconstituted composition, iron is present in an amount ranging from 0.13 to 1.35 mg, preferably from 0.20 to 1.29 mg, even more preferably from 0.27 to 1.215 mg iron / 100 ml of the composition.

[0113] Preferably, the composition comprises a source of zinc, such as zinc sulfate, zinc lactate, zinc gluconate, zinc stearate, etc. Zinc is present in an amount ranging from 1.0 to 10 mg / 100 g of the total composition, preferably from 1.5 to 9.5 mg / 100 g of the total composition, even more preferably from 2.0 to 9.0 mg / 100 g of the total composition. Per 100 ml of the reconstituted composition, zinc is present in an amount ranging from 0.13 to 1.35 mg, preferably from 0.20 to 1.29 mg, even more preferably from 0.27 to 1.215 mg zinc / 100 ml of the composition.

[0114] Preferably, the composition comprises a source of magnesium, such as magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, magnesium gluconate, magnesium malate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium L-threonate, etc. Magnesium is present in an amount ranging from 10.0 to 110 mg / 100 g of the total composition, preferably from 15 to 105 mg / 100 g of the total composition, even more preferably from 20 to 100 mg / 100 g of the total composition. Per 100 ml of the reconstituted composition, magnesium is present in an amount ranging from 1.35 to 14.85 mg, preferably from 2.025 to 14.175 mg, even more preferably from 2.7 to 13.5 mg magnesium / 100 ml of the composition.

[0115] Preferably, the composition comprises a calcium source, such as tricalcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium d-pantothenate, calcium hydroxide, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, milk calcium, activated calcium, organic calcium, calcium alginate, etc. Calcium is present in an amount ranging from 200 to 1100 mg / 100 g of the total composition, preferably from 250 to 1000 mg / 100 g of the total composition, even more preferably from 280 to 850 mg / 100 g of the total composition. Iron is present in an amount ranging from 27 to 148.5 mg, preferably from 33.75 to 135 mg, even more preferably from 37.8 to 114.75 mg iron / 100 ml of the composition per 100 ml of the reconstituted composition.

[0116] In a further aspect, the invention relates to a composition comprising carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and an energy content of at least 400 kcal / 100 g of composition, wherein the composition comprises:

[0117] a. 60-430 μg lutein / 100 g composition,

[0118] b. 1.0 to 10 mg iron / 100 g total composition,

[0119] Wherein the composition further comprises at least one of the following:

[0120] c. 25–80 mg casein phosphopeptide / 100 g composition, or

[0121] d. 2-10 g 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride per 100 g of the composition.

[0122] Preferably, the composition comprises non-digestible carbohydrates, preferably 3.5-8 g non-digestible carbohydrates per 100 g composition.

[0123] More preferably, the composition comprises 45-70 g digestible carbohydrates, preferably lactose.

[0124] All other optional ingredients described above for the uses and methods of the present invention are applicable mutatis mutandis to this composition.

[0125] The invention is described by the following non-limiting examples.

[0126] Examples

[0127] In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion was used to assess mineral bioaccessibility in the presence of the tested compounds.

[0128] Material

[0129] A mineral bioaccessible buffer (MBB) (NaCl; 6.6 mg / mL, MgSO4; 0.12 mg / mL, glucose; 0.9 mg / mL, L-ascorbic acid; 0.09 mg / mL, HEPES; 8.6 mg / mL, pH 6.5) was prepared with the following: calcium, iron, and zinc (tricalcium phosphate; 1314.6 μg / mL, calcium D-pantothenate; 28.5 μg / mL, calcium carbonate; 13.0 μg / mL, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate; 3.8 μg / mL, ferric chloride; 12.5 μg / mL, zinc sulfate heptahydrate; 17.4 μg / mL, zinc chloride; 2.2 μg / mL) to achieve a total mineral content (calcium; 520 μg / mL, iron; 5.0 μg / mL, zinc; 5.0 μg / mL), and a soluble mineral content similar to that of infant formula.

[0130] Test compound solutions were prepared according to the solubility of these compound solutions in concentrated stocks; casein phosphopeptide (CPP) 100x in 50mM NaOH, lutein 241x in 310mM taurocholate / 64.5mM phosphatidylcholine, 2-monopalmitoylglycerol (2-PG, a surrogate for the lipolytic derivative of 1,3-dioleo-2-palmitoylglycerol) 20x in EtOH, palmitic acid 20x (PA) in DMSO, short chain fatty acids (SCFA, 75mol% acetic acid, 20mol% propionic acid, 5mol% butyric acid) 1000x in DMEM.

[0131] Subsequently, CPP, lutein, or 2-PG / PA were added to 35 mL of MBB to a final concentration of 6.16 mg / 100 mL, 41.5 μg / 100 mL, and 5 mM, respectively. At the beginning of the colonic phase of the mineral bioaccessibility model, SCFAs were added to MBB to a final concentration of 4 mM.

[0132] method

[0133] A three-stage dialysis model adapted from the literature [Venema, 2020] was used to simulate the transport of CCP, lutein, 2-PA, and indigestible Gos / Fos through the gastrointestinal tract. For the gastric phase, 35 mL of MBB in a 50 mL vial was placed in a 37 ° C water bath, acidified to pH 4.0, and incubated for 1 hour under constant stirring. In the subsequent intestinal phase, the pH was raised to 6.5, and 20 mL was transferred to a dialysis tube (SIGMA, D0530, MWCO 12.4 kDa), and trypsin was added at 0.09 mg / mL, and both ends of the tube were clamped. The resulting dialysis bag was placed in a measuring cylinder containing 500 mL of succinate buffer (0.05 M succinic acid, pH 6.5) and incubated at 37 ° C with magnetic stirring at 200 rpm for 3 hours. Finally, dialysis continued for one hour in the colonic phase. The effect of colonic fermentation of indigestible Gos / Fos 9:1 on mineral bioaccessibility was simulated by adding the resulting SCFAs to the dialysis bag. In addition, MBB and succinate buffer were acidified to pH 5.5, based on findings from clinical studies in which fecal pH of infants fed with infant formula with Gos / Fos was found to be more acidic [Béghin, 2021]. Finally, the dialysis bag was removed and the dialysate was sampled and stored at -20°C. A group consisting of MBB without the mineral bioaccessibility enhancer was included as a reference. Calcium, iron, and zinc were analyzed in the dialysate by ICP-OES spectrometry.

[0134] Data analysis

[0135] The mean (n=3) total amounts of calcium, iron, and zinc measured in the dialysate were considered bioaccessible. The total bioaccessible calcium, iron, and zinc in each treatment condition were expressed relative to that of the reference group. ANOVA and Dunnett's post hoc analysis were used to compare the reference group relative to the other study groups containing potential mineral bioaccessibility enhancers. To determine statistically significant differences between potential mineral bioaccessibility enhancers and their combinations, ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc analysis was performed. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.

[0136] result

[0137] The results are shown in the figure. The combination of lutein and casein phosphopeptide provided a synergistic effect on iron bioaccessibility (p<0.05) compared to the control or to the individual components (horizontal bars indicate significant differences between the compared conditions) - Figure 1 It was further observed that the addition of short-chain fatty acids to the combination of lutein and casein phosphopeptides significantly increased iron bioaccessibility when compared to the combination without short-chain fatty acids, the control, and short-chain fatty acids alone. Figure 2 .

[0138] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The combination of lutein, OPO and short-chain fatty acids was shown to have an effect on iron ( Figure 3 ) and calcium ( Figure 4 )'s synergistic effect on bioaccessibility.

[0139] References

[0140] [Venema,2020]Koen Venema, Jessica, Verhoeven, Sanne Verbruggen. Calcium and phosphorus bioaccessibility from different amino acid-based medicalnutrition formulas for infants and children under in vitro digestive conditions, Clinical Nutrition Experimental, 2020

[0141] [Béghin, 2021] Laurent Béghin, Sebastian Tims, Mieke Roelofs. Fermented infant formula (with Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilusO65) with prebiotic oligosaccharides is safe and modulates the gut microbiotatowards a microbiota closer to that of breastfed infants, Clinical Nutrition, 2021.

Claims

1. A non-therapeutic use of a composition comprising lutein for increasing mineral bioaccessibility in a human subject, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of the following: a. Calcium phosphopeptide, or b.1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride.

2. The non-therapeutic use according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises ≥ 60 μg / 100 g of the composition, preferably 60-430 μg / 100 g of the composition, of lutein.

3. The non-therapeutic use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mineral is selected from the group consisting of iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium or a combination thereof.

4. The non-therapeutic use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises casein phosphopeptides.

5. The non-therapeutic use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises 25-159 mg casein phosphopeptide / 100 g composition.

6. The non-therapeutic use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride.

7. The non-therapeutic use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises 2 - 12 g, preferably 2 - 10 g 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride per 100 g of the composition.

8. The non-therapeutic use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises non-digestible carbohydrates, preferably selected from prebiotic oligosaccharides, human milk oligosaccharides or a combination thereof.

9. The non-therapeutic use according to claim 8, wherein the composition comprises prebiotic oligosaccharides, preferably selected from fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) or mixtures thereof.

10. The non-therapeutic use according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the composition comprises human milk oligosaccharides, preferably selected from 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), 3-sialyllactose (3-SL), 6-sialyllactose (6-SL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) or a combination thereof.

11. The non-therapeutic use according to claim 10, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide is 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL).

12. The non-therapeutic use as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises 1.0 to 10 mg iron per 100 g total composition.

13. The non-therapeutic use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the human subject is an infant or a young child, preferably between 0-60 months of age, preferably from 0 to 24 months of age.

14. The non-therapeutic use according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the human subject is an adult, preferably an adult female.

15. A composition comprising lutein for use in preventing or treating mineral deficiency and / or conditions associated therewith in a human subject, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of the following: a. Calcium phosphopeptide, or b.1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride.

16. The composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the condition is iron malabsorption, anemia, rickets, impaired cognitive development, growth retardation, bone disease, restless legs syndrome, impaired immune function, cardiopulmonary problems, fatigue, postpartum depression and combinations thereof.

17. A composition comprising carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and an energy content of at least 400 kcal / 100 g of the composition, wherein the composition comprises: a. 60-430 μg lutein / 100 g composition, b. 1.0 to 10 mg iron / 100 g total composition, Wherein the composition further comprises at least one of the following: c. 25–80 mg casein phosphopeptide / 100 g composition, or d. 2-10 g, preferably 2-9 g 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride per 100 g of the composition.

18. Lutein and at least one of the following a. Calcium phosphopeptide, or b.1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride, Use in the preparation of a composition for preventing or treating mineral deficiency and / or conditions associated therewith in a human subject.

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