Method for transplanting and quickly planting wild barley in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for transplanting and rapidly planting wild barley in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration technologies. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a seedbed and a seedling substrate; sowing the seeds; seedbed management; performing treatment before transplanting; transplanting is conducted; and performing final-period management. According to the method, wild barley seedlings are transplanted in saline-alkali soil for the first time to improve soil and increase income; the wild barley does not have rhizomes, but has very high saline-alkaline tolerance, so that rapid planting can be realized. According to the invention, the seedling raising effect is improved by adopting the combination of all components of the specific soil matrix based on nutrient balance. According to the method, the substrate plate is transplanted to the field along with the seedlings, and on one hand, the combination of the substrate plate seedling culture in the saline-alkali soil and the special nutrient soil is beneficial to increasing the organic matter content of the soil, improving the soil structure, improving the soil fertility and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture; on the other hand, a theoretical basis is provided for saline-alkali soil strong seedling cultivation and factory seedling raising technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a method for rapid transplantation of wild barley in moderately to severely saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Currently, there are about 900 million hm2 2 Land is suffering from salinity, accounting for 20% of the world's total cultivated land area. Due to factors such as global climate change, population growth, increased industrial pollution, the development of irrigation agriculture and improper use of fertilizers, soil salinization is becoming more and more serious. The Songnen Plain, the Liaohe River area in Inner Mongolia, the Hetao Irrigation Area, the Huanghuai River Basin and other areas are the areas where saline-alkali land is most concentrated in my country. Among them, areas with low salt content and low salinity have been widely reclaimed as farmland, and areas with high salinity need to be improved to be suitable for growing high-yield plants. At present, sheep grass is also used for seedling transplanting and planting to improve saline-alkali land. Sheep grass mainly uses its rhizome characteristics to transplant seedlings, but there are problems with management difficulties and survival rate.

[0003] The composition of saline-alkali land in my country varies greatly depending on the region where it is located, mainly due to the influence of various salts such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The lower limit of soluble salt content in saline soil is defined as 0.5%-0.6% in various places, 0.1%-0.2% as mild, 0.2%-0.4% as moderate, 0.4%-0.6% as severe, and the salt content in desert areas is doubled. Alkalinity less than 5% is non-alkaline soil, 5%-10% is weakly alkaline soil, 10%-20% is moderately alkaline soil, and 20%-25% is strongly alkaline soil.

[0004] Usually, for medium to severe saline-alkali land, soil conditioners need to be applied before forage planting. However, the traditional method has a low forage survival rate and yield, and its ability to repair and improve the soil is weak, making it difficult to truly achieve the effect of repairing the saline-alkali soil while generating economic benefits. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for rapid transplantation of wild barley in moderate to severe saline-alkali land. The present invention can meet the needs of rapid transplantation in saline-alkali land with different salinity levels. The survival rate of wild barley transplantation can reach more than 90%. After 2-3 years of planting, the soil organic carbon content can be effectively increased by more than 8%, achieving the effect of planting grass and improving soil quality. After successful planting, the grassland forage yield can reach more than 300kg / mu.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for rapid transplantation of wild barley in moderate to severe saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Prepare the seedbed and seedling medium;

[0009] S2. Seeding;

[0010] S3. Seedbed management;

[0011] S4. Treatment before transplanting;

[0012] S5. Transplanting;

[0013] S6.Post-management.

[0014] Preferably, the seedbed in S1 can be a large greenhouse or a small arch shed.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the seedling medium in S1 is: sieve sand, clay, peanut shells, straw powder, sheep manure and cow manure respectively, mix them, spray them with water, irrigate the mixture with water, leave it for 2 to 3 hours, the mixture can be shaped by squeezing it with hands, and the mixture returns to a loose state after releasing the hands.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the sand, clay, peanut shells, straw powder, sheep dung and cow dung is 2000:2000:500:500:1000:1000.

[0017] Preferably, the seedling growing matrix in S1 is packaged in seedling cups.

[0018] Preferably, the sowing time is 45 to 60 days before the transplanting period.

[0019] Preferably, the sowing method is as follows: remove shriveled and damaged seeds before sowing, and use sunny weather to dry the seeds 2 to 3 times, sprinkle water on the seedling cups until water seeps out from the bottom, and it is appropriate to put 2 to 3 seeds in each seedling cup. After placing the seedling cups in the seedbed, cover them with ground film and shade nets, and remove the film first and then the nets after all the seedlings have emerged.

[0020] Preferably, the S3 seedbed management method is:

[0021] Temperature and humidity control:

[0022] When the temperature outside the greenhouse is above 20℃ on a sunny day after the seedlings are all grown, open the side windows and both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation before 9 am, and control the bed temperature below 35℃. After the true leaves grow, keep the temperature inside the greenhouse between 20 and 35℃. Keep the substrate moisture at around 70% before germination.

[0023] Hardening seedlings before planting:

[0024] When using greenhouses to grow seedlings, combine temperature and humidity control, open doors and windows day and night to harden the seedlings. In case of moderate to heavy rain or cold weather, close the greenhouse in time to prevent rain from washing the seedbed and injuring the seedlings. When using small arch greenhouses to grow seedlings, remove the film to harden the seedlings 5 ​​to 7 days before transplanting. In case of moderate to heavy rain or cold weather, cover the film to protect the seedlings.

[0025] Preferably, the pre-transplantation treatment in S4 includes land preparation, fertilization and weeding.

[0026] Preferably, the method of land preparation and fertilization is: applying more than 3000 kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure or 200 kg / mu of refined organic fertilizer to the land, and then raking and leveling the land.

[0027] Preferably, the weeding method is to carry out chemical weeding of the entire field on a sunny day 15 to 20 days before transplanting.

[0028] Preferably, the transplanting period in S5 is selected according to the climatic conditions of the planting area; in northeastern Inner Mongolia, late April to early May is suitable, and in the Huanghuaihai region, mid-March is suitable.

[0029] Preferably, the transplanting in S5 is performed by hole-making. A hole-making device or a pot-making device is used to make a hole with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 35 to 40 cm. The hole depth is 8 to 10 cm. The seedlings are transplanted to the bottom of the hole. 1 to 2 healthy forage grass seedlings are planted in each hole. The transplanting density is 4000 plants / 666.7 m 2 ~5500 plants / 666.7m 2 If there is drought when planting seedlings, add water to the roots and cover the pot, plant large and small seedlings separately, and plant them straight and firmly.

[0030] Preferably, the S6 post-management includes tillage and weeding, irrigation and drainage, tillage and fertilization, and pest and disease control.

[0031] Preferably, the method of intertillage weeding is to use a traditional weeding method to weed the weeds growing in the crop field 3 to 4 times a year through manual and mechanical intertillage.

[0032] Preferably, the irrigation and drainage method is that watering is not required if the soil is sufficiently moist after transplanting. If the soil is dry and the soil is insufficient, watering should be done in time. If it occurs in rainy weather, ditches need to be opened to drain water to prevent water accumulation and root rot.

[0033] Preferably, the method of intertillage and topdressing is to carry out intertillage and weeding one month after transplanting, and to carry out the first topdressing with 10 kg / mu of urea.

[0034] Preferably, the method of pest control should adhere to the principle of prevention first and integrated control, with physical control, agricultural control, biological control as the main methods and chemical control as the auxiliary methods.

[0035] Contains at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0036] (1) The present invention is the first to use wild barley seedling transplanting in saline-alkali land to improve soil and increase income; wild barley does not have rhizomes, but it has very high salt-alkali tolerance and can be quickly established.

[0037] (2) The present invention uses a specific soil matrix and a combination of components based on nutrient balance to improve the effect of seedling cultivation.

[0038] (3) The present invention transplants the matrix plate with the seedlings to the field. The combination of matrix plate seedling cultivation and special nutrient soil in saline-alkali land is beneficial to increasing the organic matter content of the soil, improving the soil structure, and playing a role in fertilizing the soil, thereby promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. On the other hand, it provides a theoretical basis for realizing the cultivation of strong seedlings and factory-based seedling cultivation technology in saline-alkali land. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0041] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0042] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present application description and examples are exemplary only.

[0043] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0044] The "room temperature" and "normal temperature" mentioned in the present invention are all calculated as 25±2°C unless otherwise specified.

[0045] The raw materials and instruments used in the following examples of the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0046] The wild barley seeds used in the present invention are secondary seeds purchased from Gansu Chuanglv Grassland Technology Co., Ltd. and other units; the agricultural film standards used meet the requirements of GB13735; and the transplanting location is Bayannur, Inner Mongolia.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] This embodiment provides a method for rapid transplantation of wild barley in moderate to severe saline-alkali land:

[0049] S1. Prepare the seedbed and seedling medium;

[0050] Greenhouse seedling cultivation:

[0051] The width of the seedbed is 240cm, the length is no more than 30m, and the width of the walkway around it is 45cm. The surroundings of the seedbed are 9cm higher than the bottom, and the surroundings can be made of bricks or earth ridges. The seedbed is divided into partitions every 1.5m, the bottom of the bed is flattened and compacted, and a layer of middle film is laid on the bottom and around the bed to form a seedling pool.

[0052] Seedling medium:

[0053] Depending on the seedling situation, make preliminary preparations for the seedbed. According to the 8cm*8cm size of 15,000 seedling cups, prepare 2m3 of sand and soil. 3 , clay 2m 3 , Peanut Shell 1m 3 , straw powder 1m 3 , dry sheep manure 1m 3 , dry cow dung 1m 3 The mass ratio of sand, clay, peanut shells, straw powder, sheep manure and cow dung is: 2000:2000:500:500:1000:1000.

[0054] Sift the sand and clay, crushed peanut shells and straw powder, sheep manure and cow manure separately to remove large clods of soil, straw residues and large particles in manure, then mix them evenly, spray them with water, irrigate the mixture thoroughly, leave it for 2 to 3 hours, the mixture can be shaped by hand, and the mixture will return to a loose state after you release your hand.

[0055] Place the seedling medium in the seedling cup.

[0056] S2. Seeding;

[0057] The sowing time is 50 days before transplanting.

[0058] The sowing method is: remove shriveled and damaged seeds before sowing, and use sunny weather to dry the seeds twice, sprinkle water on the seedling cups until water seeps out from the bottom, it is appropriate to put 2 seeds in each seedling cup, put the seedling cups in the seedbed, cover them with ground film, and cover them with sunshade nets, and remove the film first and then the nets after all the seedlings have emerged.

[0059] S3. Seedbed management;

[0060] Temperature and humidity control:

[0061] When the temperature outside the greenhouse is above 20℃ on a sunny day after the seedlings are all grown, open the side windows and both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation before 9 am, and control the bed temperature below 35℃. After the true leaves grow, keep the temperature inside the greenhouse at 28℃. Keep the substrate moisture at around 70% before germination.

[0062] Hardening seedlings before planting:

[0063] Combined with temperature and humidity control, open doors and windows day and night to harden the seedlings. In case of moderate to heavy rain or cold weather, close the shed in time to prevent rain from washing the seedbed and damaging the seedlings.

[0064] S4. Treatment before transplanting;

[0065] Land preparation and fertilization: Apply more than 3000kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure or 200kg / mu of refined organic fertilizer to the land, and rake and level the land.

[0066] Weeding: Carry out chemical weeding on the entire field on a sunny day 18 days before transplanting.

[0067] S5. Transplanting;

[0068] The time of transplanting is selected according to the climatic conditions of the planting area; late April to early May is suitable for northeastern Inner Mongolia, and mid-March is suitable for the Huanghuaihai region.

[0069] Preferably, the transplanting in S5 is performed by hole-making transplanting. A hole-making device or a pot-making device is used to make a transplanting hole with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 38 cm. The hole depth is 9 cm. The seedlings are transplanted to the bottom of the hole. Two healthy forage grass seedlings are planted in each hole. The transplanting density is 4800 plants / 666.7m 2 If there is drought when planting seedlings, add water to the roots and cover the pot, plant large and small seedlings separately, and plant them straight and firmly.

[0070] S6.Post-management.

[0071] Intertillage weeding adopts traditional weeding methods. The weeds growing in the crop fields are weeded four times a year through manual and mechanical intertillage.

[0072] The method of irrigation and drainage is that after transplanting, if there is enough moisture, no watering is required. If the weather is dry and the soil moisture is insufficient, watering should be done in time. If it happens in rainy weather, it is necessary to dig ditches to drain water to prevent water accumulation and root rot.

[0073] The method of intertillage and topdressing is to carry out intertillage and weeding one month after transplanting, and carry out the first topdressing with 10kg / mu of urea.

[0074] The method of disease and pest control should adhere to the principle of prevention first and integrated control, with physical control, agricultural control, biological control as the main methods and chemical control as the auxiliary methods.

[0075] Ultimately, the survival rate of wild barley transplanting can reach over 90%. After two years of planting, the soil organic carbon content can be effectively increased by over 8%, achieving the effect of planting grass and improving soil quality. After successful planting, the grassland forage yield can reach over 300kg / mu.

[0076] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid transplantation of wild barley in moderate to severe saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare the seedbed and seedling medium; S2. Seeding; S3. Seedbed management; S4. Treatment before transplanting; S5. Transplanting; S6.Post-management.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the seedling medium in S1 is: sieve sand, clay, peanut shells, straw powder, sheep manure and cow manure respectively, mix them, spray them with water, irrigate the mixture thoroughly, leave it for 2 to 3 hours, the mixture can be shaped by squeezing it with hands, and the mixture returns to a loose state after releasing the hands.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The mass ratio of the sand, clay, peanut shells, straw powder, sheep dung and cow dung is 2000:2000:500:500:1000:1000.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing time in S2 is 45 to 60 days before the transplanting period.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sowing method in S2 is as follows: remove shriveled and damaged seeds before sowing, and use sunny weather to dry the seeds 2 to 3 times, sprinkle water on the seedling cups until water seeps out from the bottom, and it is appropriate to put 2 to 3 seeds in each seedling cup. After placing the seedling cups in the seedbed, cover them with ground film and shade nets, and remove the film first and then the nets after all the seedlings have grown.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method for seedbed management in S3 is: Temperature and humidity control: When the temperature outside the greenhouse is above 20℃ on a sunny day after the seedlings have grown, open the side windows and both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation before 9 am, and control the bed temperature below 35℃. After the true leaves grow, the temperature inside the greenhouse is maintained at 20-35℃; before the seedlings emerge, keep the substrate moisture at 70%; Hardening seedlings before planting: When using greenhouses to grow seedlings, combine temperature and humidity control, open doors and windows day and night to harden the seedlings. In case of moderate to heavy rain or cold weather, close the greenhouse in time to prevent rain from washing the seedbed and injuring the seedlings. When using small arch greenhouses to grow seedlings, remove the film to harden the seedlings 5 ​​to 7 days before transplanting. In case of moderate to heavy rain or cold weather, cover the film to protect the seedlings.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The pre-transplantation treatment in S4 includes land preparation, fertilization and weeding.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The transplanting period in S5 is selected according to the climatic conditions of the planting area; the most suitable period is from late April to early May in northeastern Inner Mongolia, and mid-March in the Huanghuaihai region.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the transplanting method is hole-making. A hole-making device or a pot-making device is used to make transplanting holes according to the specifications of 60 cm row spacing and 35-40 cm plant spacing. The hole depth is 8-10 cm. The seedlings are transplanted to the bottom of the hole. 1-2 healthy forage grass seedlings are planted in each hole. The transplanting density is 4000 plants / 666.7m 2 ~5500 plants / 666.7m 2 If there is drought when planting seedlings, add water to the roots and cover the pot, plant large and small seedlings separately, and plant them straight and firmly.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The S6 post-management includes tillage and weeding, irrigation and drainage, tillage and fertilization, and pest and disease control.