High life time power cable for extreme environments

Abstract

This invention discloses a long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments, comprising a main body, which, from the outside in, consists of a cable sheath, a shielding layer, an insulation layer, and a conductor layer. The shielding layer includes a shielding mesh and a metal foil. The shielding mesh is a three-dimensional mesh structure woven from a mixture of copper-magnesium alloy wire and shape memory alloy, and it completely wraps around the insulation layer. A graphene coating is applied between the insulation layer and the shielding mesh. The metal foil is tightly adhered to the surface of the shielding mesh, and its outer surface undergoes micro-arc oxidation treatment to form a protective layer, which is then coated with a self-cleaning coating. The adaptive shielding mesh in this invention is woven from a mixture of copper-magnesium alloy wire and shape memory alloy wire into a three-dimensional mesh structure. The shape memory alloy wire can drive the shielding mesh to adaptively deform, maintaining a tight wrapping around the insulation layer. Combined with the metal foil, this ensures stable shielding performance, effectively protecting cable transmission from interference even in complex electromagnetic environments under various extreme conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of power cables, specifically a long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments. Background Technology

[0002] As the demand for power transmission expands to special areas, such as the deep sea, polar regions, deserts, and high-temperature mines, conventional power cables are unable to meet the requirements of extreme environments. In the high-pressure and low-temperature environment of the deep sea, the cable sheath is prone to brittle cracking, and the performance of the internal insulation layer will also deteriorate significantly due to water pressure and low temperature; the ultra-low temperature in polar regions causes the cable to lose its flexibility and the conductor resistance to increase; the high temperature and wind erosion in the desert, and the humidity and corrosive gases in the mine, all accelerate the aging and damage of the cable, causing power transmission interruptions and high maintenance costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new long-life cables that can withstand extreme environments.

[0003] Existing technology discloses a reinforced low-temperature resistant and crack-resistant power cable, including a protective sheath. Several cables are installed at equal angles along the circumference of the inner side of the protective sheath. An insulating sleeve is fitted over the outer side of each cable. A conductor is inserted at the symmetrical center of the inner side of the cable on the inner side of the protective sheath. A shaped sheath is embedded in the inner side of the protective sheath at the outer side of the cable, and a covering sleeve is fitted over the outer wall of the shaped sheath. This invention can utilize the heat generated during cable use, improve the cable's heat dissipation performance, and achieve mutual promotion between cable heat dissipation and protective sheath insulation. This significantly improves the overall heat and cold resistance of the cable, allowing it to adapt more flexibly and efficiently to changes in external temperature and load pressure. It also increases the cable's low-temperature threshold, enabling more efficient and stable application in various harsher low-temperature environments.

[0004] However, the above technology only uses double-layer electroplated fine steel wire to weave a shielding mesh. Its shape is relatively fixed after installation, which is difficult to cope with the deformation of the cable caused by thermal expansion and contraction and external pressure during long-term use. Gaps may appear, affecting the shielding effect. Moreover, the above technical solution is only for cable application in low-temperature environments. The reliability of cables in extreme environments such as high temperature, high humidity, and high corrosion is insufficient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments includes a main body, wherein the main body comprises, from the outside to the inside, a cable sheath, a shielding layer, an insulation layer and a conductor layer; The shielding layer includes a shielding mesh and a metal foil. The shielding mesh is woven into a three-dimensional mesh structure by mixing copper-magnesium alloy wire and shape memory alloy wire, and the shielding mesh completely wraps the insulating layer. A graphene coating is applied between the insulating layer and the shielding mesh. The metal foil is tightly bonded to the surface of the shielding mesh, and the outer surface of the metal foil is treated with micro-arc oxidation to form a protective layer, and the outer surface of the protective layer is coated with a self-cleaning coating.

[0007] Furthermore, the shielding mesh includes a frame, which is a mesh made of high-strength polyester fiber material, and the fiber diameter of the frame is 0.1-0.3mm, with a spacing of 2-5mm; The copper-magnesium alloy wire has a diameter of 0.05-0.2 mm, and the shape memory alloy wire has a diameter of 0.03-0.1 mm. The copper-magnesium alloy wire and the shape memory alloy wire are woven alternately in a ratio of 3:1 to 5:1 to form a stable three-dimensional mesh with an initial weaving density of 90%-95%.

[0008] Furthermore, the graphene coating has a thickness of 1-10 μm, and the metal foil is selected from high-purity aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.02-0.1 mm and a purity of 99.5%. The protective layer has a thickness of 2-8 μm and is doped with rare earth elements. The self-cleaning coating is a titanium dioxide-rare earth composite coating with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 μm.

[0009] Furthermore, the cable sheath includes an inner sheath and an outer sheath, wherein the inner sheath is a thermoplastic elastomer and contains shape memory alloy fibers. The outer protective layer is made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant fluoroplastic, and the outer protective layer is provided with drainage grooves and anti-wear protrusions, which are regularly distributed on the outer surface of the outer protective layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the insulation layer has a composite structure, and the insulation layer includes an intermediate layer and a reinforcing layer. The intermediate layer is made of cross-linked polyethylene, and reinforcing layers are attached to both sides of the intermediate layer. The reinforcing layer is a polyimide film, and ceramic fibers are provided in the reinforcing layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the ceramic fiber accounts for 5%-10% of the mass of the polyimide film, which endows the insulating layer with excellent high temperature resistance and puncture resistance. The insulating layer contains uniformly distributed aerogel particles with a porosity of 90%-98%, which fill the tiny gaps in the insulating layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the conductor layer includes a first conductor and a second conductor, wherein a first wire core is provided inside the first conductor, the first wire core is wrapped with a corrosion-resistant layer, and the first wire core is twisted clockwise; The second conductor contains a second core wire, and an elastic buffer layer is provided between the second core wire and the first core wire, and the second core wire is twisted counterclockwise.

[0013] Furthermore, the first and second cores are made of high-purity oxygen-free copper, and their diameters are both 0.2-1mm. The corrosion-resistant layer is made of nickel-chromium alloy, and its thickness is 0.1-0.3mm. The corrosion-resistant layer is uniformly attached to the outer surface of the first and second cores. The elastic buffer layer is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber with a thickness of 0.5-2mm, and the elastic buffer layer is wrapped around and attached between the first conductor and the second conductor.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The adaptive shielding mesh in the shielding layer of this invention is made of copper-magnesium alloy wire and shape memory alloy wire woven into a three-dimensional mesh structure. The shape memory alloy wire can drive the shielding mesh to deform adaptively and maintain a tight wrapping of the insulation layer. Combined with metal foil, the shielding performance is stable, and the cable transmission can be effectively protected from interference in complex electromagnetic environments of various extreme environments.

[0015] 2. This invention utilizes the unique structural advantages of the cable's shielding, protection, insulation, and conductor to enable the cable to adapt to various extreme industrial environments such as petrochemicals, marine engineering, and metallurgy. Whether in low temperature, high temperature, high humidity, high corrosion, or strong electromagnetic interference scenarios, it can reliably transmit electrical energy, reduce the frequency of failures caused by environmental factors, and lower operation and maintenance costs.

[0016] 3. The present invention uses a titanium dioxide-rare earth composite self-cleaning coating on the inner surface of the metal foil protective layer, which can decompose oil, dust and other pollutants by light, keep the protective layer clean, maintain electromagnetic shielding performance for a long time, and reduce manual cleaning and maintenance costs.

[0017] 4. This invention, through the combination of cross-linked polyethylene in the middle of the composite insulation layer and polyimide films containing ceramic fibers on both sides, endows the insulation layer with high temperature resistance and puncture resistance, capable of withstanding extreme temperatures from -150℃ to 250℃. High-porosity aerogel particles fill the tiny gaps, reducing the probability of moisture and corrosive gas penetration, maintaining a long-lasting and stable insulation effect, and reducing the risk of leakage.

[0018] The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cable of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the shielding layer and graphene layer structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side sectional view of the cable sheath of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a side cross-sectional view of the insulating layer of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a side cross-sectional view of the conductor layer of the present invention.

[0020] Figure Descriptions: 1. Main body; 2. Cable sheath; 201. Inner sheath; 2011. Shape memory alloy fiber; 202. Outer sheath; 2021. Drainage groove; 2022. Anti-wear protrusion; 3. Shielding layer; 301. Shielding mesh; 3011. Skeleton; 3012. Copper-magnesium alloy wire; 3013. Shape memory alloy wire; 302. Metal foil; 3021. Protective layer; 3022. Self-cleaning coating; 4. Insulation layer; 401. Intermediate layer; 402. Reinforcing layer; 4021. Ceramic fiber; 4022. Aerogel particles; 5. Conductor layer; 501. First conductor; 5011. First core; 502. Second conductor; 5021. Second core; 503. Corrosion-resistant layer; 504. Elastic buffer layer; 6. Graphene coating. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description of the present invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the text. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and complete. Example

[0022] Please refer to the appendix carefully. Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figures 3 and 4, a high-life power cable resistant to extreme environments includes a main body 1. From the outside to the inside, the main body 1 comprises a cable sheath 2, a shielding layer 3, an insulation layer 4, and a conductor layer 5. The shielding layer 3 includes a shielding mesh 301 and a metal foil 302. The shielding mesh 301 is woven into a three-dimensional mesh structure using a mixture of copper-magnesium alloy wire 3012 and shape memory alloy wire 3013. The shielding mesh 301 completely wraps around the insulation layer 4. A graphene coating 6 with a thickness of 1-10 μm is coated between the insulation layer 4 and the shielding mesh 301. Foil 302 is made of high-purity aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.02-0.1 mm and a purity of 99.5%. It is tightly bonded to the surface of shielding mesh 301. The outer surface of the metal foil 302 is subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment to form a protective layer 3021 with a thickness of 2-8 μm. Rare earth elements are doped into the protective layer 3021. In addition, a self-cleaning coating 3022 is coated on the outer surface of the protective layer 3021. The self-cleaning coating 3022 is a titanium dioxide-rare earth composite coating with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 μm.

[0023] It should be noted that the shielding mesh 301 is a three-dimensional mesh structure woven from a mixture of copper-magnesium alloy wire 3012 and shape memory alloy wire 3013. When it encounters external impact or sudden temperature change, the shape memory alloy wire 3013 can drive the shielding mesh 301 to deform adaptively and maintain a tight wrapping of the insulation layer 4, so that the shielding performance is stable. In complex and ever-changing electromagnetic environments, whether it is strong electromagnetic interference in industrial plants or electromagnetic fluctuations caused by extreme weather outdoors, it can effectively ensure that the cable transmission signal is not interfered with.

[0024] It should be noted that the graphene coating 6 has ultra-high conductivity, which can quickly conduct induced charges. The protective layer 3021, formed by micro-arc oxidation of the metal foil 302, has both electromagnetic shielding and waterproof and corrosion-resistant functions. The two work together to greatly broaden the electromagnetic shielding frequency band, and have a strong blocking effect on various types of electromagnetic interference from low frequency to high frequency, so as to ensure the stable operation of connected electrical equipment.

[0025] It should be noted that the titanium dioxide-rare earth composite self-cleaning coating 3022 on the surface of the metal foil 302 protective layer 3021 can use light to decompose oil, dust and other pollutants, keep the protective layer 3021 clean, maintain electromagnetic shielding performance for a long time, and reduce manual cleaning and maintenance costs.

[0026] It should be noted that the shielding mesh 301 is attached to the frame 3011. The frame 3011 is a mesh made of high-strength polyester fiber with a fiber diameter of 0.1-0.3mm and a spacing of 2-5mm. It provides basic support for the shielding mesh 301 and prevents excessive deformation.

[0027] It should be noted that the shape memory alloy wire 3013 is made of nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy, drawn into fine wires with a diameter of 0.03-0.1mm. This alloy can accurately restore its preset shape within a temperature range of -50℃ to 150℃. When subjected to external impact or temperature changes exceeding 10℃ / min, the shape memory alloy wire 3013 will respond quickly and restore its preset shape. The copper-magnesium alloy wire 3012 has a diameter of 0.05-0.2mm, ensuring basic conductivity. It is alternately woven with the shape memory alloy wire 3013 in a ratio of 3:1-5:1 using a professional 3D braiding machine. During weaving, there are 20-50 interlacings per centimeter, forming a stable three-dimensional mesh with an initial weaving density of 90%-95%, fully wrapping the insulation layer 4.

[0028] Please refer to the attached document carefully. Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 5, the cable sheath 2 includes an inner sheath 201 and an outer sheath 202. The inner sheath 201 is a thermoplastic elastomer and contains shape memory alloy fibers 2011. The outer sheath 202 is a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant fluoroplastic and is provided with drainage grooves 2021 and wear-resistant protrusions 2022. The drainage grooves 2021 and wear-resistant protrusions 2022 are regularly distributed on the outer surface of the outer sheath 202.

[0029] It should be noted that the inner sheath 201, made of thermoplastic elastomer material, possesses excellent flexibility. It can deform appropriately with the bending and twisting of the cable without easily cracking or breaking. The shape memory alloy fibers 2011 contained within it have a diameter between 0.05-0.2mm, and these fibers are uniformly dispersed within the thermoplastic elastomer matrix. When the cable encounters unexpected thermal shocks, such as a sudden transition from high-temperature exposure to low-temperature freezing, or localized deformation due to external pressure, the shape memory alloy fibers 2011, through their unique shape memory effect, drive the inner sheath 201 to automatically restore its original flat and compact state. This ensures that the inner sheath 201 constantly protects its internal shielding layer 3, insulation layer 4, and conductor layer 5, preventing moisture and dust from intruding and affecting cable performance if the cable sheath 2 is damaged.

[0030] It should be noted that the outer sheath 202, made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant fluoroplastic material, ensures resistance to harsh external environments from the material itself. The regularly distributed drainage grooves 2021 on the outer sheath 202 have a depth between 0.1-0.5mm and a width between 0.5-2mm. These grooves are interconnected, forming a "drainage and sand removal system." When laying cables in rainy and humid outdoor environments or dusty desert areas, rainwater and sand can quickly flow away along these drainage grooves 2021, preventing long-term accumulation and corrosion of the cable. The wear-resistant protrusions 2022, with a height between 0.2-1mm, are arrayed on the outer surface of the outer sheath 202. When the cable rubs against the ground, wall, or other surfaces, the protrusions make initial contact and distribute the friction force, greatly reducing wear on the outer sheath 202, extending the overall service life of the cable sheath 2, and maintaining long-term stable cable operation.

[0031] Please refer to the attached document carefully. Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 6, the insulating layer 4 has a composite structure and includes an intermediate layer 401 and a reinforcing layer 402. The intermediate layer 401 is made of cross-linked polyethylene and the reinforcing layers 402 are attached to both sides of the intermediate layer 401. The reinforcing layer 402 is a polyimide film and ceramic fibers 4021 are provided in the reinforcing layer 402. In addition, aerogel particles 4022 are uniformly distributed in the insulating layer 4.

[0032] It should be noted that insulation layer 4 adopts a "sandwich" composite structure. The middle layer 401 is made of cross-linked polyethylene, which inherently possesses excellent electrical insulation properties, effectively blocking current and preventing leakage, thus forming the first line of defense for stable power transmission. The reinforcing layers 402, tightly bonded to both sides of the middle layer 401, further enhance the overall insulation performance. Reinforcing layer 402 is made of polyimide film, a high-temperature resistant material with excellent mechanical properties. Ceramic fibers 4021 are uniformly distributed within it, accounting for 5%-10%. Ceramic fibers 4021 have excellent heat resistance and will not soften or deform even in high-temperature environments, allowing insulation layer 4 to easily withstand high-temperature conditions such as those in chemical smelting workshops and high-temperature mines. Simultaneously, ceramic fibers 4021 significantly enhance the puncture resistance of the polyimide film, preventing damage to the insulation structure from sharp objects and ensuring the safety of the internal conductors.

[0033] It should be noted that the aerogel particles 4022 uniformly dispersed within the insulation layer 4 have a porosity of 90%-98%. These tiny aerogel particles 4022 precisely fill the minute gaps within the insulation layer 4. In scenarios involving the laying of damp underground pipelines, or in high-salt, high-humidity coastal environments, the dense barrier formed by the aerogel particles 4022, with their ultra-high porosity, can significantly reduce the chance of moisture and corrosive gases penetrating, isolating external corrosive factors and maintaining the insulation performance of the insulation layer 4 for a long time. This effectively ensures the stable operation of the cable and extends its service life.

[0034] Please refer to the attached document carefully. Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 7, the conductor layer 5 includes a first conductor 501 and a second conductor 502. The first conductor 501 contains a first wire core 5011, which is wrapped with a corrosion-resistant layer 503 and is twisted clockwise. The second conductor 502 contains a second wire core 5021, which is interposed between the second wire core 5021 and the first wire core 5011 and is twisted counterclockwise.

[0035] It should be noted that the first conductor 5011 is twisted clockwise. This twisting method arranges the conductors in an orderly manner, initially forming a stable conductive foundation. The adjacent second conductor 5021, however, is twisted counterclockwise. Due to electromagnetic induction, both the first conductor 501 and the second conductor 502 will generate torque when the cable is energized. The opposite twisting of the first conductor 5011 and the second conductor 5021 utilizes the principle of torque cancellation, stabilizing the electromagnetic environment inside the cable. This ensures stable power transmission even in the complex electromagnetic environments of large factories filled with various electrical equipment, or in the high-intensity electromagnetic fields surrounding substations, minimizing interference with signal transmission and the normal operation of connected electrical equipment.

[0036] It should be noted that both the first core 5011 and the second core 5021 are made of high-purity oxygen-free copper, with a diameter of 0.2-1mm. High-purity oxygen-free copper has excellent conductivity, with minimal resistance to electron movement, minimizing power loss during transmission and ensuring efficient power delivery. This diameter range of cores meets the current-carrying requirements of conventional power transmission scenarios while also ensuring the cable's overall flexibility, facilitating laying and installation, and adapting to various complex installation environments, such as narrow conduits within building walls or underground cable laying projects in areas with significant terrain undulations.

[0037] It should be noted that the corrosion-resistant layer 503 is made of nickel-chromium alloy with a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm. This corrosion-resistant layer 503 is uniformly attached to the outer surface of the first core 5011 and the second core 5021. The chromium element in the nickel-chromium alloy has high activity. When it comes into contact with external oxygen, it will first form a continuous and dense Cr2O3 oxide film on the alloy surface, which can prevent corrosive ions such as sulfur dioxide in industrial waste gas and chloride ions in marine environment from penetrating into the internal oxygen-free copper core. The nickel element plays a role in stabilizing the film layer and enhancing its toughness, so that even if this protective film is subjected to a certain degree of physical friction and impact, it can still adhere firmly and continuously protect the core from corrosion, greatly extending the service life of the cable under harsh working conditions.

[0038] It should be noted that the elastic buffer layer 504 is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber, which is a thin sheet with a thickness of 0.5-2mm. The elastic buffer layer 504 is wrapped around and attached between the first conductor 501 and the second conductor 502. Silicone rubber itself has excellent molecular chain flexibility and moderate cross-linking degree, which gives it excellent elasticity. When the cable inevitably encounters external force bending or stretching, the stress situation is more complex due to the different twisting directions. The elastic buffer layer 504 utilizes its own good elasticity to quickly deform when one side is compressed and the other side is stretched, which evenly disperses the stress originally concentrated in the conductor part, prevents excessive stress accumulation, and avoids excessive stress accumulation on the first core 5011 or the second core 5021, which would cause conductor damage and maintain the structural integrity of the entire conductor layer 5. Meanwhile, as a high-temperature resistant material, silicone rubber has relatively stable performance in high-temperature environments of 150-250℃. When the cable is energized, the core temperature will rise rapidly. Especially in industrial applications with high current carrying capacity and long-term operation, or in high-temperature environments, the elastic buffer layer 504 will not lose its buffering and protective functions due to high-temperature aging and deformation, thus continuously ensuring the safety of the conductor layer 5 and enabling stable power transmission.

[0039] The specific operation process of this invention is as follows: First, high-purity oxygen-free copper is drawn into wire cores with a diameter of 0.2-1mm. A nickel-chromium alloy corrosion-resistant layer 503 is wrapped around it using an extrusion process. The first wire core 5011 and the second wire core 5021 are twisted in clockwise and counterclockwise directions respectively. A high-temperature resistant silicone rubber sheet is added between the two as an elastic buffer layer 504 to obtain the conductor layer 5. Then, cross-linked polyethylene is used as the intermediate layer 401, and a polyimide film containing ceramic fiber 4021 is used as the reinforcing layer 402 and bonded to both sides to form an insulating layer 4. Aerogel particles 4022 are then uniformly mixed into the insulating layer 4, and finally the conductor layer 5 is wrapped with the insulating layer 4. Then, using a 3D braiding machine, copper-magnesium alloy wire 3012 and shape memory alloy wire 3013 are braided into a shielding mesh 301 in a ratio of 3:1 to 5:1. This mesh is then attached to a high-strength polyester fiber skeleton 3011. The mesh is coated with a graphene coating 6 and then wrapped in an insulating layer 4. The metal foil 302 is then subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment and doped with rare earth elements to form a protective layer 3021. After applying a self-cleaning coating 3022 to the outer surface of the protective layer 3021, the metal foil 302 is then attached to the outer layer of the shielding mesh 301. Finally, shape memory alloy fiber 2011 is mixed into thermoplastic elastomer injection molding inner sheath 201, and fluoroplastic outer sheath 202 is extruded using a mold. Drainage groove 2021 and anti-wear protrusion 2022 are made on its outer surface, and the formed cable sheath 2 is fitted onto the shielding layer 3.

[0040] The present invention has been described by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any non-substantial improvement made by adopting the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention to other occasions without modification, shall be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments, comprising a main body (1), characterized in that, The main body (1) consists of, from the outside to the inside, a cable sheath (2), a shielding layer (3), an insulation layer (4), and a conductor layer (5). The shielding layer (3) includes a shielding mesh (301) and a metal foil (302). The shielding mesh (301) is a three-dimensional mesh structure woven from a mixture of copper-magnesium alloy wire (3012) and shape memory alloy wire (3013). The shielding mesh (301) completely wraps the insulating layer (4). A graphene coating (6) is coated between the insulating layer (4) and the shielding mesh (301). The metal foil (302) is tightly attached to the surface of the shielding mesh (301), and the outer surface of the metal foil (302) is subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment to form a protective layer (3021), and the outer surface of the protective layer (3021) is coated with a self-cleaning coating (3022). The insulating layer (4) is a composite structure, and the insulating layer (4) includes an intermediate layer (401) and a reinforcing layer (402). The intermediate layer (401) is made of cross-linked polyethylene material, and the reinforcing layers (402) are attached to both sides of the intermediate layer (401). The reinforcing layer (402) is a polyimide film, and ceramic fibers (4021) are provided in the reinforcing layer (402).

2. The long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shielding mesh (301) includes a skeleton (3011), which is a mesh made of high-strength polyester fiber material, and the fiber diameter of the skeleton (3011) is 0.1-0.3mm, and the spacing is 2-5mm; The copper-magnesium alloy wire (3012) has a diameter of 0.05-0.2 mm, and the shape memory alloy wire (3013) has a diameter of 0.03-0.1 mm. The copper-magnesium alloy wire (3012) and the shape memory alloy wire (3013) are woven alternately in a ratio of 3:1 to 5:1 to form a stable three-dimensional mesh with an initial weaving density of 90%-95%.

3. The long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graphene coating (6) has a thickness of 1-10 μm, and the metal foil (302) is a high-purity aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.02-0.1 mm and a purity of 99.5%. The protective layer (3021) has a thickness of 2-8 μm and is doped with rare earth elements. The self-cleaning coating (3022) is a titanium dioxide-rare earth composite coating with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 μm.

4. The long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable sheath (2) includes an inner sheath (201) and an outer sheath (202). The inner sheath (201) is a thermoplastic elastomer and contains shape memory alloy fibers (2011). The outer protective layer (202) is made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant fluoroplastic, and the outer protective layer (202) is provided with drainage grooves (2021) and wear-resistant protrusions (2022). The drainage grooves (2021) and wear-resistant protrusions (2022) are regularly distributed on the outer surface of the outer protective layer (202).

5. A long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic fiber (4021) accounts for 5%-10% of the mass of the polyimide film, which gives the insulating layer (4) excellent high temperature resistance and puncture resistance. The insulating layer (4) is uniformly distributed with aerogel particles (4022), which have a porosity of 90%-98% and fill the tiny gaps in the insulating layer (4).

6. A long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductor layer (5) includes a first conductor (501) and a second conductor (502). The first conductor (501) has a first wire core (5011) inside, and the first wire core (5011) is wrapped with a corrosion-resistant layer (503). The first wire core (5011) is twisted in a clockwise direction. The second conductor (502) has a second core (5021) inside, and an elastic buffer layer (504) is provided between the second core (5021) and the first core (5011), and the second core (5021) is twisted counterclockwise.

7. A long-life power cable resistant to extreme environments according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first wire core (5011) and the second wire core (5021) are made of high-purity oxygen-free copper, and their diameters are both 0.2-1mm. The corrosion-resistant layer (503) is made of nickel-chromium alloy, and its thickness is 0.1-0.3mm. The corrosion-resistant layer (503) is uniformly attached to the outer surface of the first wire core (5011) and the second wire core (5021). The elastic buffer layer (504) is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber with a thickness of 0.5-2mm, and the elastic buffer layer (504) is wrapped around and attached between the first conductor (501) and the second conductor (502).

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