Preparation process of soil conditioner
By using soil regulators prepared by materials such as wood ash, peanut shells, coconut shells and other biomass and composite enhancers, the problem of single function of traditional soil regulators is solved, multiple improvements in the soil are achieved, and the soil is improved, and the soil is water retention, breathability and fertility are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510094856.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-29
AI Technical Summary
Traditional soil regulators have relatively single functions, and it is difficult to simultaneously improve the water retention, fix heavy metals and breathability of soil in areas with less precipitation.
Biomass such as wood ash, peanut shells, coconut shells and other biomass is used as the main materials, and composite enhancers, modified cellulose and other additives are added to comprehensively improve the soil's water retention, breathability and weight gain ability through the preparation process.
Multiple improvements in the soil have been achieved, the soil's water retention, breathability and fertility have been improved, nutrient loss has been reduced, the ability to fix heavy metals has been enhanced, and soil microorganisms and root development has been promoted.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a preparation process of a soil conditioner. Background Art
[0002] Soil conditioners (also known as soil conditioners) refer to materials used to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and its biological activity. Its main functions include improving soil texture and structure, improving soil water retention and supply capacity, regulating soil pH, improving saline-alkali soil, improving soil nutrient supply, and repairing heavy metal-contaminated soil. Soil conditioners can be classified in various ways. According to the properties of the materials, they can be divided into synthetic soil conditioners, inorganic soil conditioners, and inorganic soil conditioners with added fertilizers. Targeted selection of soil conditioners for different soil barrier problems will achieve better improvement effects.
[0003] For soils in areas with relatively little precipitation and relatively high heavy metal content, soil conditioners are needed to improve the soil's water retention, heavy metal fixation and air permeability. However, traditional soil conditioners have relatively single functions and cannot solve the above problems at the same time. Therefore, for such soils, researchers need to develop a soil conditioner with water retention, heavy metal fixation and air permeability to meet practical application needs. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a preparation process of a soil conditioner.
[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0006] A soil conditioner, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of plant ash, 30-50 parts of peanut shells, 15-25 parts of coconut shells, 15-25 parts of a composite enhancer, 3-6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-20 parts of calcium alginate, 8-15 parts of urea, 12-18 parts of modified cellulose, 5-8 parts of polyethyleneimine, and 30-50 parts of deionized water;
[0007] The composite reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps:
[0008] Step A1, disperse β-alanine evenly in deionized water, heat to 45°C, add EDC (1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) and NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) and stir for 2-3 hours, then add halloysite nanotubes, stir and react for 8-12 hours, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain aminated halloysite nanotubes;
[0009] Step A2, stirring and dispersing chitosan in 0.01-0.1 mol / L acetic acid solution, filtering, washing and drying to obtain pretreated chitosan; then mixing and stirring the pretreated chitosan, phosphoric acid, urea and deionized water, heating to 45-55° C., stirring and reacting for 5-7 hours, then heating to 85-95° C., reacting for 2-4 hours, washing and drying to obtain modified chitosan;
[0010] Step A3, uniformly dispersing the halloysite nanotubes and glyoxal in deionized water, heating to 45-55° C. and sealing in an oil bath for 1.5-2.5 hours, then adding dilute nitric acid with a pH of 3.5 and modified chitosan, heating to 100° C. and sealing in an oil bath for 2.5-3.5 hours, centrifuging, washing, and drying to obtain a composite reinforcing agent;
[0011] Further, in step A1, the dosage ratio of β-alanine, deionized water, EDC, NHS and halloysite nanotubes is 3-6 g: 100 mL: 0.8-1.6 g: 0.65-1.3 g: 1.5-3 g;
[0012] Further, in step A2, the ratio of the amount of pretreated chitosan, phosphoric acid, urea and deionized water is 1.5-3.5 g: 2.5-4.5 g: 0.05-0.15 g: 50 mL;
[0013] Further, in step A2, the mass ratio of chitosan to acetic acid solution in the pretreated chitosan is 1:20;
[0014] Furthermore, in step A3, the usage ratio of halloysite nanotubes, glyoxal, deionized water, dilute nitric acid and modified chitosan is 2.5-4.5 g: 3.5-5.5 g: 50 mL: 150 mL: 0.5-1.5 g.
[0015] The modified cellulose is prepared by the following steps:
[0016] Mix cellulose and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide evenly, let stand for 12 hours, then add concentrated sulfuric acid dropwise, heat to 80°C in an oil bath for reaction for 5-7 hours, ultrasonicate for 3-5 hours, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain modified cellulose;
[0017] Furthermore, the usage ratio of cellulose, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide and concentrated sulfuric acid in the modified cellulose is 3-5 g: 2-4 g: 100 mL: 1.6-2.4 mL.
[0018] A preparation process of a soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
[0019] Step S1, weighing raw materials by weight, crushing peanut shells and coconut shells into powder, adding plant ash and deionized water, and stirring at 30-40° C. for 20-40 minutes to obtain a mixture;
[0020] Step S2: adding the composite reinforcing agent, ammonium sulfate, calcium alginate, urea, polyethyleneimine and modified cellulose to the mixture, stirring for 20-30 minutes, and drying to obtain a soil conditioner.
[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:
[0022] The soil conditioner of the present invention uses biomass such as wood ash, peanut shells and coconut shells as main materials, and adds various additives to comprehensively improve the water retention, air permeability and fertility-increasing capabilities of the soil; the composite enhancer improves the water retention and air permeability of the soil and has the function of balancing the pH value of the soil; the modified cellulose can improve the water retention of the soil by utilizing its strong water absorption function, while reducing nutrient loss, thereby improving soil fertility.
[0023] Calcium alginate can increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil permeability, and in the later stage increase the water retention capacity, promote the development of soil microorganisms and root systems, thereby improving soil fertility and quality and increasing crop yields.
[0024] In the composite reinforcing agent, the carboxyl group on β-alanine was first activated by using EDC and NHS, and then β-alanine was reacted with halloysite nanotubes to prepare amination halloysite nanotubes; then glyoxal was used as a cross-linking agent, tannic acid and amination halloysite nanotubes were reacted to prepare the composite reinforcing agent. The composite enhancer utilizes the synergistic effect of halloysite nanotubes, phosphoric acid and chitosan to improve the soil, thereby increasing the water retention and air permeability of the soil and balancing the pH value of the soil. Among them, the high specific surface area and hollow tubular structure of the halloysite nanotubes can improve the water retention and air permeability of the soil, enhance the stability of the soil, reduce soil erosion, protect the soil structure from being destroyed, and can adsorb and fix nutrients in the soil, reduce nutrient loss, and thus improve soil fertility. Chitosan can increase the number and types of soil microorganisms, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, form a soil ecological balance, and thus control insect pests. The phosphate group grafted on the chitosan can neutralize the alkaline substances in the soil, gradually making the pH value tend to neutral, providing a better growth environment for plants, while also avoiding the loss of phosphorus and soil compaction caused by the direct addition of phosphoric acid, as well as the influence on plant absorption and utilization, thereby reducing costs.
[0025] After the modified cellulose is introduced into the matrix, it can cross-link with polyethyleneimine to form a cellulose-based hydrogel with excellent water absorption, which can absorb and retain moisture in the soil and provide a continuous water source for plants. In addition, the carboxyl group in the modified cellulose can also fix nutrients in the soil (such as N, K), thereby reducing nutrient loss and improving soil fertility. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] Example 1: The composite reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps:
[0028] Step A1, 3 g of β-alanine was evenly dispersed in 100 mL of deionized water, and the temperature was raised to 45° C., 0.8 g of EDC and 0.65 g of NHS were added and stirred for 2 h, and then 1.5 g of halloysite nanotubes were added and stirred for 8 h, centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain aminated halloysite nanotubes;
[0029] Step A2, 1g chitosan was stirred and dispersed evenly in 20mL, 0.01mol / L acetic acid solution, filtered, washed and dried to obtain pretreated chitosan; then 1.5g pretreated chitosan, 2.5g phosphoric acid, 0.05g urea and 50mL deionized water were mixed and stirred evenly, and the mixture was heated to 45°C, stirred and reacted for 5h, then heated to 85°C, reacted for 2h, washed and dried to obtain modified chitosan;
[0030] Step A3, 2.5 g of halloysite nanotubes and 3.5 g of glyoxal are evenly dispersed in 50 mL of deionized water, and the temperature is raised to 45 ° C. and sealed in an oil bath for 1.5 h, and then 150 mL of dilute nitric acid with a pH of 3.5 and 0.5 g of modified chitosan are added, and the temperature is raised to 100 ° C. Oil bath for 2.5 h, centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain a composite reinforcing agent.
[0031] The modified cellulose is prepared by the following steps:
[0032] Mix 3 g of cellulose and 2 g of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in 100 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, let stand for 12 h, then add 1.6 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid dropwise, heat to 80 °C in an oil bath for 5 h, ultrasonicate for 3 h, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain modified cellulose.
[0033] Example 2: The composite reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps:
[0034] Step A1, 4.5 g of β-alanine was evenly dispersed in 100 mL of deionized water, and the temperature was raised to 45° C., 1.2 g of EDC and 1 g of NHS were added, and the mixture was stirred for 2.5 h, and then 2.2 g of halloysite nanotubes were added, and the mixture was stirred for 10 h, and the mixture was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain aminated halloysite nanotubes;
[0035] Step A2, 1g chitosan was stirred and dispersed evenly in 20mL, 0.05mol / L acetic acid solution, filtered, washed and dried to obtain pretreated chitosan; then 2.5g pretreated chitosan, 3.5g phosphoric acid, 0.1g urea and 50mL deionized water were mixed and stirred evenly, and the mixture was heated to 50°C, stirred and reacted for 6h, and then heated to 90°C, reacted for 3h, washed and dried to obtain modified chitosan;
[0036] Step A3, 3.5 g of halloysite nanotubes and 4.5 g of glyoxal were evenly dispersed in 50 mL of deionized water, and the temperature was raised to 50 ° C. and sealed in an oil bath for 2 h, and then 150 mL of dilute nitric acid with a pH of 3.5 and 1 g of modified chitosan were added, and the temperature was raised to 100 ° C. and the oil bath was for 3 h, centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain a composite reinforcing agent.
[0037] The modified cellulose is prepared by the following steps:
[0038] Mix 4 g of cellulose and 3 g of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in 100 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, let stand for 12 h, then add 2 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid dropwise, heat to 80 °C in an oil bath for 6 h, ultrasonicate for 4 h, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain modified cellulose.
[0039] Example 3: The composite reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps:
[0040] Step A1, 6 g of β-alanine was evenly dispersed in 100 mL of deionized water, and the temperature was raised to 45° C., 1.6 g of EDC and 1.3 g of NHS were added and stirred for 3 h, and then 3 g of halloysite nanotubes were added and stirred for 12 h, centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain aminated halloysite nanotubes;
[0041] Step A2, 1g chitosan was stirred and dispersed evenly in 20mL, 0.1mol / L acetic acid solution, filtered, washed and dried to obtain pretreated chitosan; then 3.5g pretreated chitosan, 4.5g phosphoric acid, 0.15g urea and 50mL deionized water were mixed and stirred evenly, and the mixture was heated to 55°C, stirred and reacted for 7h, and then heated to 95°C, reacted for 4h, washed and dried to obtain modified chitosan;
[0042] Step A3, 4.5 g of halloysite nanotubes and 5.5 g of glyoxal were evenly dispersed in 50 mL of deionized water, and the temperature was raised to 55 ° C. and sealed in an oil bath for 2.5 h, and then 150 mL of dilute nitric acid with a pH of 3.5 and 1.5 g of modified chitosan were added, and the temperature was raised to 100 ° C. and the oil bath was 3.5 h, centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain a composite reinforcing agent.
[0043] The modified cellulose is prepared by the following steps:
[0044] Mix 5 g of cellulose and 4 g of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in 100 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, let stand for 12 h, then add 2.4 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid dropwise, heat to 80 °C in an oil bath for 7 h, ultrasonicate for 5 h, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain modified cellulose.
[0045] Example 4: A preparation process of a soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
[0046] 30 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of peanut shells, 15 parts of coconut shells, 15 parts of the composite reinforcing agent prepared in Example 1, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of calcium alginate, 8 parts of urea, 12 parts of modified cellulose prepared in Example 1, 5 parts of polyethyleneimine, and 40 parts of deionized water;
[0047] Step S1, weighing raw materials by weight, crushing peanut shells and coconut shells into powder, adding plant ash and deionized water, and stirring at 30° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a mixture;
[0048] Step S2, adding the composite reinforcing agent prepared in Example 1, ammonium sulfate, calcium alginate, urea, polyethyleneimine and the modified cellulose prepared in Example 1 into the mixture, stirring for 20 minutes, and drying to obtain a soil conditioner.
[0049] Example 5: A preparation process of a soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
[0050] 40 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of peanut shells, 20 parts of coconut shells, 20 parts of the composite reinforcing agent prepared in Example 2, 4.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium alginate, 12 parts of urea, 15 parts of modified cellulose prepared in Example 2, 6 parts of polyethyleneimine, and 60 parts of deionized water;
[0051] Step S1, weighing raw materials by weight, crushing peanut shells and coconut shells into powder, adding plant ash and deionized water, and stirring at 35° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a mixture;
[0052] Step S2, adding the composite reinforcing agent prepared in Example 2, ammonium sulfate, calcium alginate, urea, polyethyleneimine and the modified cellulose prepared in Example 2 to the mixture, stirring for 25 minutes, and drying to obtain a soil conditioner.
[0053] Example 6: A preparation process of a soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
[0054] 50 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of peanut shells, 25 parts of coconut shells, 25 parts of the composite reinforcing agent prepared in Example 3, 6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20 parts of calcium alginate, 15 parts of urea, 18 parts of modified cellulose prepared in Example 3, 8 parts of polyethyleneimine, and 80 parts of deionized water;
[0055] Step S1, weighing raw materials by weight, crushing peanut shells and coconut shells into powder, adding plant ash and deionized water, and stirring at 40° C. for 40 minutes to obtain a mixture;
[0056] Step S2, adding the composite reinforcing agent prepared in Example 3, ammonium sulfate, calcium alginate, urea, polyethyleneimine and the modified cellulose prepared in Example 3 to the mixture, stirring for 30 minutes, and drying to obtain a soil conditioner.
[0057] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example is a soil conditioner, which differs from Example 6 in that halloysite nanotubes are used instead of the composite reinforcing agent prepared in Example 3, and the rest are the same.
[0058] Comparative Example 2: This comparative example is a soil conditioner, which differs from Example 6 in that cellulose is used instead of the modified cellulose prepared in Example 3, and the rest are the same.
[0059] Performance test: Under the same planting conditions, five plots with the same planting environment and conditions were divided on the planting ground, with each plot of 10m 2 , under the same planting conditions, the soil conditioners of Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used for soil conditioning when cultivating Chinese cabbage, and the amount of soil conditioner applied to each plot was 0.05 kg. In addition, the blank control group was not applied with soil conditioner. The rest were planted under the same conventional conditions, such as watering. When the Chinese cabbage matured, it was harvested, the yield was recorded, and the contents of Hg and Pb in the Chinese cabbage were determined. The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0060] Table 1: Performance test results
[0061] Blank group Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Output (kg) 58 95 99 105 73 85 Hg(mg / kg) 0.032 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.026 0.011 Pb(mg / kg) 0.120 0.051 0.046 0.043 0.108 0.072
[0062] As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of Chinese cabbage after planting in the soil improved by the soil conditioner prepared by the present invention is 96-105 kg, and the heavy metal content in the Chinese cabbage is greatly reduced, indicating that the soil conditioner has a good effect on improving the soil.
[0063] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the concept of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the scope defined by the concept of the invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A preparation process of a soil conditioner, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of plant ash, 30-50 parts of peanut shells, 15-25 parts of coconut shells, 15-25 parts of composite reinforcing agent, 3-6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-20 parts of calcium alginate, 8-15 parts of urea, 12-18 parts of modified cellulose, 5-8 parts of polyethyleneimine, and 30-50 parts of deionized water; The preparation process of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: Step S1, weighing raw materials by weight, crushing peanut shells and coconut shells into powder, adding plant ash and deionized water, and stirring at 30-40° C. for 20-40 minutes to obtain a mixture; Step S2: adding a composite reinforcing agent, ammonium sulfate, calcium alginate, urea, polyethyleneimine and modified cellulose to the mixture, stirring for 20-30 minutes, and drying to obtain a soil conditioner.
2. The preparation process of a soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps: Step A1, disperse β-alanine evenly in deionized water, heat to 45°C, add EDC and NHS, stir for 2-3h, then add halloysite nanotubes, stir for 8-12h, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain aminated halloysite nanotubes; Step A2, stirring and dispersing chitosan in 0.01-0.1 mol / L acetic acid solution, filtering, washing and drying to obtain pretreated chitosan; then mixing and stirring the pretreated chitosan, phosphoric acid, urea and deionized water, heating to 45-55° C., stirring and reacting for 5-7 hours, then heating to 85-95° C., reacting for 2-4 hours, washing and drying to obtain modified chitosan; Step A3, disperse the halloysite nanotubes and glyoxal evenly in deionized water, heat to 45-55°C and seal in an oil bath for 1.5-2.5h, then add dilute nitric acid with a pH of 3.5 and modified chitosan, heat to 100°C and seal in an oil bath for 2.5-3.5h, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain a composite reinforcing agent.
3. The preparation process of a soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The usage ratio of β-alanine, deionized water, EDC, NHS and halloysite nanotubes in step A1 is 3-6 g:100 mL:0.8-1.6 g:0.65-1.3 g:1.5-3 g.
4. The preparation process of a soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step A2, the dosage ratio of pretreated chitosan, phosphoric acid, urea and deionized water is 1.5-3.5 g: 2.5-4.5 g: 0.05-0.15 g: 50 mL.
5. The preparation process of a soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step A2, the mass ratio of chitosan to acetic acid solution in the pretreated chitosan is 1:
20.
6. The preparation process of a soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step A3, the usage ratio of halloysite nanotubes, glyoxal, deionized water, dilute nitric acid and modified chitosan is 2.5-4.5 g: 3.5-5.5 g: 50 mL: 150 mL: 0.5-1.5 g.
7. The preparation process of a soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified cellulose is prepared by the following steps: Mix cellulose and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide evenly, let stand for 12 hours, then add concentrated sulfuric acid dropwise, heat to 80°C in an oil bath for reaction for 5-7 hours, ultrasonicate for 3-5 hours, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain modified cellulose.
8. The preparation process of a soil conditioner according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of cellulose, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide and concentrated sulfuric acid in the modified cellulose is 3-5g:2-4g:100mL:1.6-2.4mL.
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