Fertilizing method for improving soil fertility and / or microbial diversity and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a fertilizing method for improving soil fertility and / or microbial diversity and application of the fertilizing method. For the facility vegetable field soil, during fertilization, the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer to be applied at a time, the inorganic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer to be applied, and organic and inorganic nutrients of the facility vegetable field soil are distributed in a balanced mode by perfecting the organic and inorganic ratio and limiting the ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer and the application ratio of the inorganic fertilizer as the base fertilizer; the application amount of organic fertilizer can be reduced, excessive accumulation of the fertilizer is avoided, the soil acid-base buffer performance can be improved, the soil fertility is increased, the soil microbial community is kept stable, and finally the purposes of improving the soil fertility of greenhouse soil and keeping the ecological health of the soil are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation in facilities, and in particular relates to a fertilization method for improving soil fertility and / or microbial diversity and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Facility vegetable cultivation is the main method of vegetable production in my country. Fertilizer is the basis for improving vegetable yield and quality, but excessive application will not only cause fertilizer waste, but also lead to excessive enrichment of mineral nutrients, aggravate soil salinization in facility vegetable fields, increase the risk of non-point source pollution, reduce soil fertility and vegetable crop yield in facility vegetable fields, and is not conducive to the sustainable development of the facility vegetable industry.

[0003] Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter, nutrients and a variety of biologically active substances, and have been used as a substitute for chemical fertilizers to reduce the negative impact of excessive application of chemical fertilizers on the soil of greenhouse vegetable fields. However, in order to ensure the yield of greenhouse crops, farmers often apply a large amount of organic fertilizers in the context of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, resulting in a large accumulation of organic fertilizers in the soil, leading to uneven distribution of organic and inorganic nutrients in the soil, large-scale nutrient loss, destruction of the microbial ecosystem and environmental problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to promote the balanced distribution of organic and inorganic nutrients in the soil of vegetable fields, improve soil fertility, stimulate soil biological activity, reduce environmental pollution risks, and ensure the ecological health of the soil in vegetable fields.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fertilization method for improving soil fertility and / or microbial diversity, wherein organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer once, and inorganic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer and topdressing.

[0006] The mass of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is calculated in N, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is (2.0-2.4): (1.6-1.9);

[0007] The inorganic fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potash fertilizers;

[0008] The mass of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the form of basal fertilizer is 30% to 40% of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer;

[0009] The mass of the potash fertilizer applied in the form of basal fertilizer is 80% to 90% of the total mass of the potash fertilizer;

[0010] The mass of the phosphate fertilizer applied in the form of basal fertilizer is 70% to 80% of the total mass of the phosphate fertilizer;

[0011] The soil includes soil from a facility vegetable field.

[0012] Preferably, the number of topdressing is ≥2 times.

[0013] Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer includes urea, the phosphorus fertilizer includes superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer includes potassium sulfate.

[0014] Preferably, the improving soil fertility includes improving soil acid-base buffering performance and / or increasing soil available nutrient content;

[0015] The fast-acting nutrients include one or more of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and fast-acting potassium.

[0016] Preferably, the microorganisms include bacteria and / or fungi.

[0017] The present invention also provides application of the fertilization method described in the above technical solution in facility vegetable cultivation.

[0018] Preferably, the greenhouse vegetables include one or more of cabbage, cauliflower and tomato.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for fertilizing greenhouse cauliflower, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Apply organic fertilizer in the form of base fertilizer at one time 31-37.2kg / 30m 2 , urea 0.25866~0.4096kg / 30m 2 , superphosphate 0.28kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.87kg / 30m 2 ;

[0021] Apply urea 0.5173-0.7168 kg / 30 m3 in 3 times as topdressing 2 , superphosphate 0.11kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.1395kg / 30m 2 ;

[0022] The time for topdressing is the rosette stage, the early head stage and the middle head stage of the cauliflower.

[0023] Preferably, the amount of topdressing during the rosette stage is 0.1637-0.2318 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.0358kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0436kg / 30m 2 ;

[0024] The amount of topdressing in the early stage of the flower head is 0.1827-0.2532 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.0409kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0523kg / 30m 2 ;

[0025] The amount of topdressing in the middle stage of the flower head is 0.1673-0.2318 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.0358kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0436kg / 30m 2 .

[0026] Preferably, the initial soil fertility indicators before cauliflower cultivation are: pH 7.21, organic matter 18.9 g / kg, alkaline nitrogen 63.24 mg / kg, available phosphorus 66.53 mg / kg and available potassium 150 mg / kg.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention provides a fertilization method for improving soil fertility and / or microbial diversity, wherein organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, and inorganic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer and topdressing, the mass of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is calculated in N, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is (2.0-2.4): (1.6-1.9); the inorganic fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer; the mass of the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the form of base fertilizer is 30%-40% of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer; the mass of the potassium fertilizer applied in the form of base fertilizer is 80%-90% of the total mass of the potassium fertilizer; the mass of the phosphorus fertilizer applied in the form of base fertilizer is 70%-80% of the total mass of the phosphorus fertilizer; the soil includes facility vegetable land soil. The present invention improves the organic-inorganic ratio so that the organic and inorganic nutrients in the soil are evenly distributed, the amount of organic fertilizer applied can be reduced, the excessive accumulation of fertilizers can be avoided, the acid-base buffering performance of the soil can be improved, the soil fertility is increased, and the soil microbial community is kept stable, and finally the purpose of improving the soil fertility of the facility and maintaining the ecological health of the soil is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0030] Figure 1 These are the test results of soil microbial indicators under different fertilization methods; XJ-1 and XJ-2 are Shannon and Chao1 indices of bacterial communities, respectively; ZJ-1 and ZJ-2 are Shannon and Chao1 indices of fungal communities, respectively; different lowercase letters in the table indicate P < 0.05. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The invention provides a fertilization method for improving soil fertility and / or microbial diversity, wherein organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, and inorganic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer and a topdressing fertilizer, the mass of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is calculated in N, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is (2.0-2.4):(1.6-1.9); the inorganic fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; the mass of the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the form of base fertilizer is 30%-40% of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer; the mass of the potassium fertilizer applied in the form of base fertilizer is 80%-90% of the total mass of the potassium fertilizer; the mass of the phosphorus fertilizer applied in the form of base fertilizer is 70%-80% of the total mass of the phosphorus fertilizer; and the soil comprises soil of a facility vegetable field.

[0032] As an implementation mode, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is 2.2:(1.7-1.8).

[0033] As an embodiment, the number of topdressing is ≥ 2 times; as another embodiment, the number of topdressing in the present invention is 3 times. The present invention uses part of the organic fertilizer for topdressing, which can meet the nutrient needs of the crop in the later stage and avoid affecting the yield.

[0034] As an embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer includes urea; as an embodiment, the phosphorus fertilizer includes superphosphate; as an embodiment, the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate.

[0035] The present invention has no strict requirements on the sources of the organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and conventional purchase is sufficient. For example, the commercial organic fertilizer used in the embodiment of the present invention is purchased from Shike Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., with the item number seek2018017 (1.6% N, 1.97% P2O5, 1.91% K2O); the urea used (N 46%); the superphosphate used (P2O5 60%); the potassium sulfate used (K2O 52%).

[0036] As one embodiment, the improving soil fertility includes improving the soil acid-base buffering performance and / or increasing the soil available nutrient content; as another embodiment, the improving soil fertility includes improving the soil acid-base buffering performance and increasing the soil available nutrient content. As one embodiment, the available nutrients include one or more of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium; as another embodiment, the available nutrients include alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The present invention improves the organic-inorganic ratio so that the organic and inorganic nutrients in the soil are evenly distributed, which can effectively solve the problems of decreased acid-base buffering performance of greenhouse vegetable fields and uneven distribution of organic and inorganic nutrients caused by conventional use of organic fertilizers.

[0037] As an embodiment, the microorganisms include bacteria and / or fungi; as another embodiment, the microorganisms include bacteria and fungi. The present invention can improve the Shannon and Chao1 index of the bacterial community and the Shannon and Chao1 index of the fungal community in the soil of the facility vegetable field by improving the organic-inorganic ratio, and can effectively improve the diversity of the microbial community in the soil of the facility vegetable field.

[0038] In view of the advantages of the fertilization method provided by the present invention, the application of the fertilization method of the present invention in the cultivation of greenhouse vegetables also falls within the protection scope of the present invention. As an embodiment, the greenhouse vegetables include one or more of cabbage, cauliflower and tomato; as another embodiment, the greenhouse vegetable is cauliflower.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for fertilizing greenhouse cauliflower, comprising the following steps:

[0040] Apply organic fertilizer in the form of base fertilizer at one time 31-37.2kg / 30m 2 , urea 0.25866~0.4096kg / 30m 2 , superphosphate 0.28kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.87kg / 30m 2 ;

[0041] Apply urea 0.5173-0.7168 kg / 30 m3 in 3 times as topdressing 2 , superphosphate 0.11kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.1395kg / 30m 2 ;

[0042] The time for topdressing is the rosette stage, the early head stage and the middle head stage of the cauliflower.

[0043] As an implementation method, 34.12 kg / 30 m3 of organic fertilizer is applied once in the form of base fertilizer. 2 , urea 0.37kg / 30m 2 , superphosphate 0.28kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.87kg / 30m 2 As an embodiment, urea is applied as a topdressing agent in three times with a total of 0.6030 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.1125kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.1395kg / 30m 2 As an embodiment, the amount of topdressing during the rosette stage is 0.1637-0.2318 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.0358kg / 30m 2and potassium sulfate 0.0436kg / 30m 2 As another embodiment, the amount of topdressing during the rosette period is 0.1950kg / 30m 2 , superphosphate 0.0358kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0436kg / 30m 2 As an embodiment, the amount of topdressing in the early stage of the flower head is 0.1827-0.2532 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.0409kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0523kg / 30m 2 As another embodiment, the amount of topdressing in the early stage of the flower ball is 0.2130kg / 30m 2 , superphosphate 0.0409kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0523kg / 30m 2 As an embodiment, the amount of topdressing in the middle stage of the flower head is 0.1673-0.2318 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.0358kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0436kg / 30m 2 As another embodiment, the amount of topdressing in the middle stage of the flower head is 0.1950kg / 30m 2 , superphosphate 0.0358kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0436kg / 30m 2 As an embodiment, the initial soil fertility indexes before cauliflower cultivation are: pH 7.21, organic matter 18.9 g / kg, alkaline nitrogen 63.24 mg / kg, available phosphorus 66.53 mg / kg and available potassium 150 mg / kg.

[0044] The present invention improves the scheme of fertilizing facility cauliflower, adjusts the organic-inorganic ratio, and makes the organic and inorganic nutrients of the soil evenly distributed, which can reduce the amount of organic fertilizer applied, avoid excessive accumulation of fertilizer, improve the acid-base buffering performance of the soil, increase soil fertility, and maintain the stability of the soil microbial community, and finally achieve the purpose of improving the soil fertility of the facility and maintaining the ecological health of the soil. In the embodiments of the present invention, cauliflower is used as an example to illustrate the advantages of the fertilization method of the present invention, but it cannot be understood as the entire protection scope of the present invention. When planting other facility vegetables, the amount of organic fertilizer is reduced, and according to the fertilization scheme of the present invention, inorganic fertilizer is applied to achieve the purpose of improving soil fertility and / or microbial diversity.

[0045] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a fertilization method for improving soil fertility and / or microbial diversity and its application provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] The experiment was conducted in the vegetable greenhouse of the Zhuangxing Comprehensive Experimental Station of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The experimental vegetable was cauliflower. The experiment time was October 2023 and the experimental plot area was 30m 2 (5m×6m), 49 cauliflowers were planted in each plot, and 5 treatments were set up, including no fertilizer, conventional amount of organic fertilizer, reduced amount of organic fertilizer, reduced amount of organic fertilizer plus medium amount of fertilizer, and balanced fertilization. Each treatment was set up with 3 replicates, and the plots were randomly arranged. The specific fertilizer amounts are as follows:

[0048] No fertilizer (control 1): no basal fertilizer was applied;

[0049] Conventional dosage of organic fertilizer (control 2): ​​Ordinary commercial organic fertilizer was used as fertilizer, and the fertilizer application amount per plot was 54.6 kg, which was applied once in the form of basal fertilizer;

[0050] Organic fertilizer reduction (control 3): Ordinary commercial organic fertilizer was used for reduction treatment, with the fertilizer application rate per plot being 40.9 kg, applied once in the form of basal fertilizer;

[0051] Reduced amount of organic fertilizer and medium-quantity fertilizer (control 4): Ordinary commercial organic fertilizer was reduced and medium-quantity fertilizer was applied. 27.3 kg of ordinary commercial organic fertilizer, 0.9 kg of urea, 1.2 kg of potassium sulfate and 0.2 kg of superphosphate were applied as basal fertilizer in each plot. 0.87 kg of urea, 0.13 kg of potassium sulfate and 0.11 kg of superphosphate were applied as topdressing in three times. The specific topdressing method was as follows: the first application was at the rosette stage 30 to 40 days after cauliflower planting. Urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate were applied in each plot at 1.2 kg. The application amount of acid calcium was 0.281kg, 0.0406kg and 0.035kg respectively; the second application was in the early stage of the flower head 30-40 days after the cauliflower was planted, and the application amount of urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate per plot was 0.307kg, 0.0488kg and 0.04kg respectively; the third application was in the middle stage of the flower head 30-40 days after the cauliflower was planted, and the application amount of urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate per plot was 0.281kg, 0.0406kg and 0.035kg respectively.

[0052] Balanced fertilization: Reduced amount of common commercial organic fertilizer and balanced application of chemical fertilizer were adopted. 34.1kg of common commercial organic fertilizer, 0.37kg of urea, 0.87kg of potassium sulfate and 0.28kg of superphosphate were applied once as basal fertilizer in each plot, and 0.6030kg of urea, 0.1395kg of potassium sulfate and 0.1125kg of superphosphate were applied three times as topdressing. The specific topdressing method was as follows: the first application was in the rosette stage 30 to 40 days after cauliflower planting, and the application of urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate in each plot was 2.5 times that of cauliflower. The added amounts were 0.1950kg, 0.0436kg and 0.0358kg respectively; the second application was at the early stage of the head 30 to 40 days after the cauliflower was planted, and the applied amounts of urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate per plot were 0.2130kg, 0.0523kg and 0.0409kg respectively; the third application was at the middle stage of the head 30 to 40 days after the cauliflower was planted, and the applied amounts of urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate per plot were 0.1950kg, 0.0436kg and 0.0358kg respectively.

[0053] Other field management measures such as irrigation and pest control were the same in each treatment area and were carried out in accordance with local practices. After the cauliflowers in each treatment group were harvested, 0-20 cm soil samples were collected using the "S" type 5-point mixed sampling method. A part of the soil samples was taken to determine the soil fertility (including pH value, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus content) indicators, and another part of the soil samples was taken to determine the soil microbial (including bacteria and fungi) community diversity indicators. The results are shown in Tables 1 and Figure 1 shown.

[0054] Table 1 Soil fertility test results

[0055] deal with pH Organic matter (g / kg) Alkaline nitrogen (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) Comparison 1 7.30a 16.79a 107.73a 22.95a 218.59a Comparison 2 7.61b 21.61c 111.51a 37.26b 259.16a Comparison 3 7.62b 19.77bc 111.51a 36.07b 416.26b Comparison 4 7.18a 17.94ab 107.73a 32.92b 431.48b Balanced fertilization 7.28a 18.22ab 139.86b 42.79c 467.79b

[0056] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate P < 0.05.

[0057] According to Table 1, compared with control 1, control 2 (conventional dosage of organic fertilizer) will lead to an alkalinization trend in the vegetable field. After fertilization by the balanced fertilization method of the present invention, the soil of the facility vegetable field has a higher acid-base buffering performance, and the soil pH can basically remain stable, while the simple reduction of organic fertilizer (control 3) causes the soil pH to rise significantly, and the application of too much chemical fertilizer (control 4) causes the soil pH to drop slightly. For organic matter, although the balanced fertilization of the present invention is slightly lower than that of control 2, the organic matter content shows an increasing trend compared with control 1; for the content of available nutrients, compared with control 1 and control 2, there is a more significant improvement effect, the increase is 14.84% to 114.00%, and the improvement effect of the effective nitrogen nutrient content of control 3 and control 4 is not significant. This shows that the fertilization method of the present invention can effectively solve the problems of decreased acid-base buffering performance of facility vegetable field soil and uneven distribution of organic and inorganic substances caused by the conventional dosage of organic fertilizer.

[0058] according to Figure 1 It can be seen that for bacterial communities, compared with controls 1, 2 and 4, after fertilization by the fertilization method of the present invention, the Shannon index (XJ-1) and Chao1 index (XJ-2) of bacterial communities in the soil of the facility vegetable field both showed an increasing trend; for fungal communities, compared with controls 1 to 4, fertilization by the fertilization method of the present invention can effectively improve the Shannon index (ZJ-1) and Chao1 index (ZJ-2) of the fungal community. This shows that the fertilization method of the present invention can effectively improve the diversity of microbial communities in the soil of the facility vegetable field.

[0059] According to the above content, it can be seen that the fertilization method provided by the present invention can evenly distribute organic and inorganic nutrients, reduce the amount of organic fertilizer applied, avoid excessive accumulation of fertilizer, improve the acid-base buffering performance of the soil, and improve the soil fertility and microbial diversity of facility vegetable fields, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the soil fertility of the facility and maintaining the ecological health of the soil.

[0060] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fertilizing soil to improve soil fertility and / or microbial diversity, wherein organic fertilizer is applied once as a base fertilizer, and inorganic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer and a topdressing, characterized in that: The mass of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is calculated in N, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is (2.0-2.4): (1.6-1.9); The inorganic fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potash fertilizers; The mass of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the form of basal fertilizer is 30% to 40% of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer; The mass of the potash fertilizer applied in the form of basal fertilizer is 80% to 90% of the total mass of the potash fertilizer; The mass of the phosphate fertilizer applied in the form of basal fertilizer is 70% to 80% of the total mass of the phosphate fertilizer; The soil includes soil from a facility vegetable field.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of times of topdressing is ≥2 times.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer includes urea, the phosphorus fertilizer includes superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate.

4. The fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Improving soil fertility includes improving soil acid-base buffering performance and / or increasing soil available nutrient content; The fast-acting nutrients include one or more of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and fast-acting potassium.

5. The fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The microorganisms include bacteria and / or fungi.

6. Use of the fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in facility vegetable cultivation.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The facility vegetables include one or more of cabbage, cauliflower and tomato.

8. A method for fertilizing greenhouse cauliflower, characterized in that: The steps include: Apply organic fertilizer in the form of base fertilizer at one time 31-37.2kg / 30m 2 , urea 0.25866~0.4096kg / 30m 2 , superphosphate 0.28kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.87kg / 30m 2 ; Apply urea 0.5173-0.7168 kg / 30 m3 in 3 times as topdressing 2 , superphosphate 0.1125kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.1395kg / 30m 2 ; The time for topdressing is the rosette stage, the early head stage and the middle head stage of the cauliflower.

9. The fertilization method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The amount of topdressing during the rosette period is 0.1637-0.2318 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.0358kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0436kg / 30m 2 ; The amount of topdressing in the early stage of the flower head is 0.1827-0.2532 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.0409kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0523kg / 30m 2 ; The amount of topdressing in the middle stage of the flower head is 0.1673-0.2318 kg / 30 m 2 , superphosphate 0.0358kg / 30m 2 and potassium sulfate 0.0436kg / 30m 2 .

10. The fertilization method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The initial soil fertility indexes before the cauliflower cultivation are: pH 7.21, organic matter 18.9 g / kg, alkaline nitrogen 63.24 mg / kg, available phosphorus 66.53 mg / kg and available potassium 150 mg / kg.

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