A crash dummy thorax structure reflecting the motion characteristics of a human thorax

Abstract

The application discloses a thoracic structure of a crash dummy reflecting the motion characteristics of a human thorax. The thoracic structure comprises a thoracic spine module, a rib vertebra joint module, a rib module and a breastbone. The upper end of the thoracic spine module is provided with a neck connecting block. The rib vertebra joint module is used for connecting the thoracic vertebra of the thoracic spine module and the ribs of the rib module. The breastbone is connected with the rib module. The thoracic spine module has the freedom of torsion, bending, stretching and lateral bending. The rib vertebra joint module enables the ribs and the thoracic vertebra to have the freedom of rotation. The rib module further comprises a rib cartilage made of elastic polymer material, which is connected between the ribs and the breastbone. The application combines human anatomy and human kinematics, fully considers the influence of the thoracic motion response on the thoracic injury during the collision process, improves the biofidelity of the dummy model, and further ensures the reliability of the dummy thoracic injury parameters in the automobile collision test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of dummies, specifically relating to a collision dummy thoracic structure that reflects the movement characteristics of the human thoracic ribcage. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the automotive industry, vehicle safety has become increasingly important in evaluating vehicle performance. Crash dummies, as testing tools in automotive crash tests, are used to test and evaluate the damage to various parts of the human body under various collision conditions, thereby assessing the vehicle's ability to protect occupants in a collision and ultimately evaluating the vehicle's safety performance. However, existing crash dummies still lack sufficient biorealism and cannot reproduce the movement characteristics of different parts of the human body during a collision. This results in an inability to accurately depict the injuries suffered by the human body in traffic accidents, often leading to situations where vehicles with high crash safety performance under current crash regulations fail to adequately protect occupants in real traffic accidents.

[0003] Currently, most commercially available crash test dummies are static human models built from a biomedical perspective, lacking the ability to represent the movement characteristics of human joints during a crash. In particular, the human thoracic cavity has numerous joints, and even minor joint movements can significantly alter the overall thoracic cavity's motion. However, for ease of manufacturing and installation, the thoracic structure of existing dummies differs considerably from that of the real human body: the real human spine is composed of multiple thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs, offering relatively high flexibility, while the thoracic spine of existing crash test dummies is a single, solid steel column structure, unable to simulate the movement of the thoracic spine; the connection between the ribs and thoracic vertebrae in the real human body has costovertebral joints and costotransverse joints, allowing for relative rotation between the ribs and thoracic vertebrae, with even slight joint rotation causing significant displacement of the ribs and sternum, whereas existing crash test dummies use bolts to fix the joints together, ignoring the effects of joint rotation; the mechanical properties of the ribs and costal cartilage differ significantly, and their connection is a gradual transition, while existing dummies use a single, solid steel rib to simulate this.

[0004] The aforementioned differences result in significant distortion of the chest movement when the dummy's chest is impacted. Furthermore, this chest movement distortion also leads to distortion of the neck and limb movements, resulting in poor biorealism and an inability to accurately reflect the human body's motion response during a collision. Consequently, the reliability of the test data from the dummy cannot be guaranteed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thoracic structure for a collision dummy that reflects the movement characteristics of the human thoracic cage. Combining human anatomy and kinesiology, it fully considers the influence of thoracic cage movement response on chest injury during a collision, improves the biofidelity of the dummy model, and thus ensures the reliability of chest injury parameters in automobile crash tests.

[0006] The technical solution to achieve the purpose of this invention is: a collision dummy thoracic structure that reflects the movement characteristics of the human thoracic cavity, including a thoracic spine module, a costovertebral joint module, a rib module and a sternum. The upper end of the thoracic spine module is provided with a neck connecting block. The costovertebral joint module is used to connect the thoracic vertebrae of the thoracic spine module and the ribs of the rib module. The sternum is connected to the rib module.

[0007] The thoracic spine module has degrees of freedom of rotation, bending, extension, and lateral bending; the costovertebral joint module allows for rotational freedom of the ribs and thoracic vertebrae; the rib module also includes costal cartilage made of elastic polymer material, which connects the ribs and sternum.

[0008] Furthermore, the thoracic spine module includes the uppermost first thoracic vertebra, multiple middle thoracic vertebrae, the lowermost twelfth thoracic vertebra, rubber intervertebral discs placed between adjacent thoracic vertebrae, and fixation cables passing through each thoracic vertebra.

[0009] Positioning columns are provided on the thoracic vertebrae, and positioning holes are provided on the intervertebral discs. The positioning columns and positioning holes cooperate with each other, and the contact surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae and the intervertebral discs are bonded together to realize the vertical transmission of the torsional movement of the entire thoracic spine. The intervertebral discs generate torsional constraint force, thereby simulating the constraint of the spinal ligaments on the torsional movement, so that the torsional range of motion of the thoracic vertebrae is 6°±2°.

[0010] Furthermore, a U-shaped neck connector is welded to the upper side of the anterior surface of the first thoracic vertebra to connect with the lower neck of the Hybrid III dummy, and the lower end of the twelfth thoracic vertebra is connected to the lumbar vertebra of the Hybrid III dummy.

[0011] Furthermore, two positioning posts are provided on the left and right sides of the lower end face of the first thoracic vertebra, with a height h1 and a diameter d1; two positioning posts are provided on the front and rear sides of the upper end face of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, with the front positioning post having a height h2 and the rear positioning post having a height h1, and h2... h1.<h1>

[0012] Furthermore, the anterior surface of the intervertebral disc has three round holes with a diameter of d2, and the left and right sides each have two round holes with a diameter of d3, where d2>d3. This simulates the constraint of the spinal ligaments on bending, extension and lateral bending movements, so that the thoracic vertebral flexion range is 10°±2°, the extension range is 6°±2° and the lateral bending range is 7°±2°.

[0013] Furthermore, the head of the fixing cable is a spherical cable head that is clamped at the upper end of the first thoracic vertebra, and the bottom end of the fixing cable is provided with a threaded section that mates with a nut.

[0014] Furthermore, the costovertebral joint module includes a transverse process, a T-shaped rotation limiting elastic block, and bolt II. The transverse process includes left and right vertical plates with through holes. Bolt I passes through the vertical plates to connect the transverse process and the thoracic vertebra. The transverse process also includes two oblique posterior protrusions, which are connected as one unit by a vertical connecting plate.

[0015] Both protrusions have circular through holes with a diameter of d7. The axis of each through hole forms an angle of 35°±5° with the connecting line of the left and right vertical plates. The inner sidewall of the protrusion has two through rectangular grooves arranged opposite to each other. Two T-shaped rotating limiting elastic blocks are set in the through holes of the protrusions, and the rectangular protrusions of the T-shaped rotating limiting elastic blocks are inserted into the rectangular grooves, so that the circular holes of the protrusions are transformed into drum-shaped holes.

[0016] The end of the rib connected to the transverse protrusion is provided with a drum-shaped rib head with a maximum diameter of d7. The rib head and the drum-shaped hole cooperate to form a rotating pair. The end face of the rib head has a threaded hole. The inner end face of the transverse protrusion has a groove for placing the bolt II nut. The nut diameter is d8, and d8>d7. The bolt II and the threaded hole of the rib head cooperate to constrain the axial movement of the rib and the T-shaped rotating limit elastic block.

[0017] Furthermore, the rib module includes seven pairs of ribs, with rectangular cross-sections. The cross-sections of the upper six pairs of ribs are a1 in length and b1 in width, and the cross-sections of the seventh pair of ribs are a2 in length and b2 in width, with a2 = (2.5~3)a1 and b2 = (2.5~3)b1.

[0018] Furthermore, the rib module also includes external damping strips and internal damping strips;

[0019] The connection between the rib and the costal cartilage is set in an L-shape, and the two are joined together. The rib material is 75# steel, and the costal cartilage material is PVC composite material. An inner damping strip is glued to the inside of the rib module, and an outer damping strip is glued to the outside of the front end of the rib module. The rib, costal cartilage, outer damping strip and inner damping strip are fastened together by bolt III.

[0020] Furthermore, the sternum and costal cartilage are fastened together by bolt IV, with a square elastic pad between them;

[0021] The thoracic and cervical vertebrae connecting blocks and transverse processes are made of 45# steel, the sternum is made of 75# steel, the damping strips are made of polymer-based damping material, and the intervertebral discs, T-shaped rotational limiting elastic blocks, and square elastic pads are made of polyurethane rubber.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the significant advantages of this invention are:

[0023] (1) This invention divides the thoracic spine into a structure of twelve thoracic vertebrae and eleven intervertebral discs stacked in an alternating manner. The intervertebral discs are made of polyurethane rubber. This allows the compression of the intervertebral discs by the thoracic vertebrae to simulate the bending, extension, and lateral bending movements of the entire thoracic spine. Furthermore, the vertical transmission of the torsional movement of the entire thoracic spine is achieved through the cooperation of the thoracic vertebra positioning columns and the intervertebral disc positioning holes, as well as the adhesive bonding of the mating surfaces. The anterior end of the intervertebral disc has three large holes, and the left and right sides each have two small holes. This results in the largest compressibility at the anterior end of the intervertebral disc, followed by the left and right ends, and the smallest at the posterior end. This simulates the maximum range of motion of the human thoracic spine in bending, followed by lateral bending, and the smallest in extension. Through the above structure, the movement of the intervertebral joints of the human thoracic vertebrae can be effectively simulated, realistically reflecting the forward flexion, lateral rotation, and other movement responses of the human chest during a collision. This solves the problem of the existing Hybrid III dummy neglecting the movement of the thoracic spine, leading to distortion of the movement of the ribs and sternum, and thus failing to guarantee the reliability of chest injury parameters.

[0024] (2) This invention simulates the costovertebral joint and costotransverse joint of the human body by using a rotating joint between the transverse process and the rib. T-shaped rotational limiting elastic blocks are set on both sides of the through hole on the oblique posterior side of the transverse process. The rotation gap can be released by squeezing the elastic blocks, so that the relative rotation between the rib and the transverse process occurs. The resistance generated by the squeezing of the elastic blocks can simulate the ligament constraint at the costovertebral joint and costotransverse joint. Through the above structure, the joint movement of the human rib and thoracic vertebra can be highly simulated, effectively reflecting the costovertebral joint movement, thereby causing large displacement of the rib and sternum, ensuring the reliability of chest injury data.

[0025] (3) This invention takes into account the difference in mechanical properties between ribs and costal cartilage by using two different materials, 75# steel and PVC composite material, and splices the two through an L-shaped interface, thereby taking into account the gradual transition between ribs and costal cartilage; through the above structure, the complex response of thoracic movement caused by the difference in mechanical properties between ribs and costal cartilage and the existence of a transition relationship can be taken into account during the collision process, further ensuring the reliability of chest injury data. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is an axonometric view of the thoracic structure of the dummy in this invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a rear view of the thoracic structure of the dummy of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the thoracic structure of the dummy of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the thoracic spine module of the dummy thoracic structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the rib joint module of the dummy's thoracic structure according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rib module of the dummy's thoracic structure according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first thoracic vertebra of the dummy's thoracic structure according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the middle thoracic vertebrae of the dummy's thoracic structure according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the twelfth thoracic vertebra of the dummy structure of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the intervertebral discs in the thoracic structure of the dummy of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing cables for the thoracic structure of the dummy in this invention.

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse processes of the thoracic structure of the dummy of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the T-shaped rotational limiting elastic block of the dummy thoracic structure of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the ribs of the dummy's thoracic structure according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the costal cartilage of the thoracic structure of the dummy in this invention.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 1-First thoracic vertebra, 2-Neck connecting block, 3-Intervertebral disc, 4-Middle thoracic vertebra, 5-Twelfth thoracic vertebra, 6-Fixed cable, 7-Fastening nut, 8-Transverse process, 9-Bolt I, 10-T-shaped rotational limiting elastic block, 11-Rib, 12-Bolt II, 13-Cost cartilage, 14-External damping strip, 15-Internal damping strip, 16-Bolt III, 17-Square elastic pad, 18-Bolt IV, 19-Sternum. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the six directions of up, down, front, back, left, and right are based on the attachment Figure 1 The coordinate system shown has the "horizontal plane" being the xy plane and the vertical direction being the up and down vertical (z-axis) direction.

[0045] This invention provides a collision dummy thoracic structure that reflects the movement characteristics of the human thoracic cage, comprising a thoracic spine module, a costovertebral joint module, a rib module, and a sternum, as shown in the reference. Figure 4 The upper neck connecting block 2 of the thoracic spine module is connected to the lower neck of the Hybrid III dummy, and the lower 12th thoracic vertebra 5 is connected to the lumbar vertebra of the Hybrid III dummy. This invention can directly replace the thoracic structure of the existing Hybrid III dummy.

[0046] The thoracic spinal module mainly consists of the first thoracic vertebra (1), cervical connector (2), middle thoracic vertebra (4), intervertebral disc (3), twelfth thoracic vertebra (5), and fixation cable (6), as shown in the reference. Figure 4 Two positioning posts are located on the left and right sides of the lower end face of the first thoracic vertebra (T1). The positioning posts have a height of h1 and a diameter of d1, as shown in the reference. Figure 7 Two positioning posts are located on the anterior and posterior sides of the upper end of the 12th thoracic vertebra 5. The anterior positioning post has a height of h2, and the posterior positioning post has a height of h1. Figure 9 The remaining thoracic vertebrae 4 in the middle section have two positioning posts on their upper and lower surfaces, respectively. The lower surface of the post is consistent with the lower surface of the first thoracic vertebra 1, and the upper surface is consistent with the upper surface of the twelfth thoracic vertebra 5. (Refer to...) Figure 8 The intervertebral disc has four vertical positioning holes, each with a diameter of d1 and a depth of h3, where h3 > h1. These holes correspond to four positioning posts on the upper and lower surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae. (Refer to...) Figure 10 The neck connecting block 2 is welded to the upper side of the anterior surface of the first thoracic vertebra 1, with the first thoracic vertebra 1 at the top and the twelfth thoracic vertebra 5 at the bottom. The thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs 3 are stacked alternately. The mating position is determined by the positioning column of the thoracic vertebra and the positioning hole of the intervertebral disc 3. Adhesive is applied between the mating surfaces to bond them together.

[0047] ​The thoracic spine module effectively simulates the motion characteristics of the human thoracic spine. During crash tests, the dummy's upper body twists and turns due to the impact. The thoracic spine module, through the cooperation of positioning posts and holes and the adhesive bonding, transmits the torsional motion of the entire thoracic spine vertically. Furthermore, the polyurethane rubber intervertebral disc 3, due to its elasticity, generates torsional constraint force, simulating the constraint of spinal ligaments on torsional motion, allowing the thoracic spine torsional range of motion to be within 6°±2°. The anterior face of the intervertebral disc 3 has three circular holes with a diameter of d2, and the left and right sides have two circular holes with a diameter of d3, where d2>d3. The edges with circular holes are more easily compressed. Therefore, when the intervertebral disc 3 is compressed by bending, extension, and lateral bending movements, it effectively simulates the range of motion of the human thoracic spine, with the largest bending range, followed by the lateral bending range, and the smallest extension range. Because h3 > h1 > h2, the positioning post does not affect the bending, extension, and lateral bending movements of the thoracic spine. During these movements, one end of the intervertebral disc 3 is under tension and the other under compression. Due to the adhesive, the tensioned portion remains in contact with the adjacent thoracic vertebra, generating an inward restraint force. This simulates the constraint of spinal ligaments on bending, extension, and lateral bending movements, resulting in a thoracic spine bending range of 10°±2°, extension range of 6°±2°, and lateral bending range of 7°±2°. The thoracic spine module effectively simulates the human thoracic spine's motion response under collision conditions. Even if the thoracic spine module is damaged during a collision test, because it is a segmented structure, it only needs to be disassembled and replaced; the entire module does not need to be replaced. The fixation cable 6 passes through the entire thoracic spine, with the ball-shaped cable head secured to the upper end of the first thoracic vertebra 1. The lower end of the fixation cable 6 is tightened with the nut 7 via threads, thereby securing the entire thoracic spine. The range of motion of the thoracic spine can be adjusted by loosening or tightening the fixation cable 6. Loosening the fixation cable 6 increases the range of motion, while tightening the fixation cable 6 decreases the range of motion, thus allowing for adjustments according to different needs.

[0048] The costovertebral joint module consists of transverse process 8, T-shaped rotation limiting elastic block 10, and bolt II 12, as shown in the reference. Figure 5 Threaded holes are opened on both sides of the thoracic vertebrae, and through holes are opened on the vertical plates on both sides of the transverse processes 8. The seven transverse processes 8 are sequentially attached to the posterior ends of the preceding seven thoracic vertebrae and are fastened together by bolts I9 on both sides. (Refer to...) Figure 1 Both protrusions on the rear side of transverse protrusion 8 have through holes with a diameter of d7, and through rectangular grooves are formed on both sides of the through holes, as shown in the reference. Figure 12 T-shaped rotating limiting elastic block 10 (refer to) Figure 13 This allows it to be inserted, transforming the round holes on the two protrusions on the posterior side of transverse process 8 into drum-shaped holes. Rib 11 head (see reference) Figure 14 The cross-section is drum-shaped with a maximum diameter of d7. It forms a rotating pair with the drum-shaped hole. The rotation axis forms an angle of approximately 35°±5° with the line connecting the center of the vertical plates on both sides of the transverse protrusion. The end face of the rib 11 has a threaded hole, which is fastened to the bolt II12.

[0049] The costovertebral joint module allows the ribs and thoracic vertebrae to achieve a rotational gap by rotating and compressing the T-shaped rotational limiting elastic block 10, producing a rotation similar to that of a bucket handle. The range of motion of the rotating joint is limited by the T-shaped elastic block rotational limiting 10, effectively simulating the range of motion of the joint and the constraint of nearby ligaments. A vertical groove is formed on the posterior side of the two protrusions of the transverse process 8, behind the through holes, i.e., on the inner side of the transverse process 8, for placing the nut of bolt II 12. The nut diameter is d8, and d8 > d7, to constrain the axial movement of the rib 11 and the T-shaped rotational limiting elastic block 10.

[0050] In the crash test, the dummy's chest is impacted, the thoracic spine moves, and the ribs and thoracic vertebrae rotate relative to each other. This relative rotation will cause a large deflection change at the connection end of rib 11 and sternum 19. The costovertebral joint can reflect this movement, thereby further improving the biofidelity of the thoracic movement and ensuring the reliability of the chest test data.

[0051] The rib module mainly consists of rib 11, costal cartilage 13, external damping strip 14, and internal damping strip 15, as shown in the reference. Figure 6 The cross-section of the rib body is rectangular. The cross-section of the upper six pairs of ribs is a1 in length and b1 in width. The cross-section of the seventh pair of ribs is a2 in length and b2 in width, and a2 = (2.5~3)a1, b2 = (2.5~3)b1. The first seven pairs of ribs are used to simulate the upper seven pairs of ribs that are directly connected to the sternum. Since the eighth to tenth ribs are directly connected to the seventh rib, the size of the seventh rib is increased to achieve an equivalent effect.

[0052] The connection between rib 11 and costal cartilage 13 is L-shaped, with the two joined together to simulate the gradual transition from rib 11 to costal cartilage 13. Rib 11 is made of 75# steel, while costal cartilage 13 is made of PVC composite material, reflecting the difference in mechanical properties between rib 11 and costal cartilage 13. An inner damping strip 15 is glued to the inside of the rib module to simulate the resistance of the internal thoracic tissues to the rib module during chest impact compression. Since the resistance experienced by the anterior ribs is greater than that experienced by the lateral ribs, an outer damping strip 14 is glued to the outer front end of the rib module to increase front-end damping. Rib 11, costal cartilage 13, outer damping strip 14, and inner damping strip 15 are fastened together using bolts III16. The rib module effectively simulates the different motion responses of the ribs and costal cartilage under impact conditions, as well as the special mechanical properties of the transition area.

[0053] The sternum 19 and costal cartilage 13 are fastened together by bolts IV 18, and a square elastic pad 17 is provided between them to simulate the range of motion allowed by the costochondral joint.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thorax structure of a crash test dummy which reflects characteristics of a human thorax motion, characterized by, The chest spine module, the rib vertebra joint module, the rib module and the sternum (19) are included, the upper end of the chest spine module is provided with a neck connecting block (2), the rib vertebra joint module is used for connecting the thoracic vertebra of the chest spine module and the rib (11) of the rib module, and the sternum (19) is connected with the rib module; The chest spine module has torsion, bending, stretching and lateral bending degrees of freedom; the rib vertebra joint module enables the rib and the thoracic vertebra to have a rotation degree of freedom; the rib module further includes a rib cartilage (13) of an elastic polymer material, and the rib cartilage (13) is connected between the rib (11) and the sternum (19); The rib vertebra joint module includes a transverse process (8), a T-shaped rotation limiting elastic block (10) and a bolt II (12), The transverse process (8) includes left and right vertical plates, the vertical plates are provided with through holes, the bolt I (9) passes through the vertical plates to connect the transverse process and the thoracic vertebra, and the transverse process further includes two oblique rear side blocks which are connected into one body through a vertical connecting plate; The two blocks are each provided with a circular through hole with a diameter d7, the axis of each block through hole forms an angle of 35°±5° with the connecting line of the left and right vertical plates; the inner side wall of the block is provided with two oppositely arranged through rectangular grooves; the two T-shaped rotation limiting elastic blocks (10) are arranged in the through hole of the block, and the rectangular protrusions of the T-shaped rotation limiting elastic blocks (10) are inserted into the rectangular grooves, so that the circular hole of the block is changed into a drum-shaped hole; The end of the rib (11) connected with the transverse process is provided with a rib head with a drum-shaped cross section, the maximum diameter d7, the rib head and the drum-shaped hole cooperate to form a rotating pair, the end surface of the rib head is provided with a threaded hole, the inner side surface of the transverse process (8) is provided with a groove for placing the nut of the bolt II (12), the diameter d8 of the nut, and d8>d7, the bolt II (12) and the threaded hole of the rib head cooperate to constrain the axial movement of the rib (11) and the T-shaped rotation limiting elastic block (10); The rib module further includes an outer damping strip (14) and an inner damping strip (15); The rib (11) and the rib cartilage (13) are connected in an L shape, and are combined and spliced together, the rib (11) is made of 75# steel, the rib cartilage (13) is made of PVC composite material, the inner damping strip (15) is glued on the inner side of the rib module, the outer damping strip (14) is glued on the outer side of the front end of the rib module, and the rib (11), the rib cartilage (13), the outer damping strip (14) and the inner damping strip (15) are fastened and connected through the bolt III (16).

2. The crash test dummy thorax structure of claim 1, wherein The chest spine module includes an uppermost first thoracic vertebra (1), a plurality of middle thoracic vertebrae (4), a lowermost twelfth thoracic vertebra (5), an intervertebral disc (3) made of rubber and arranged between adjacent thoracic vertebrae, and a fixing cable (6) passing through each thoracic vertebra; A positioning column is arranged on the thoracic vertebra, a positioning hole is arranged on the intervertebral disc, the positioning column and the positioning hole cooperate, and the fitting surfaces of the thoracic vertebra and the intervertebral disc are glued, so as to realize the up-down transmission of the torsion movement of the whole chest spine; the intervertebral disc (3) generates a torsion constraint force, so as to simulate the constraint of the spinal ligament on the torsion movement, and the thoracic vertebra torsion activity is 6°±2°.

3. The thorax structure of a crash test dummy according to claim 1, characterized by The U-shaped neck connecting block (2) is welded on the upper side of the front end surface of the first thoracic vertebra (1) and is connected with the lower neck of the Hybrid III dummy.

4. The thorax structure of a crash test dummy according to claim 2, characterized by The first thoracic vertebra (1) is provided with two positioning columns on the lower end surface, the positioning columns have a height h1 and a diameter d1; the twelfth thoracic vertebra (5) is provided with two positioning columns on the upper end surface, the front positioning column has a height h2, the rear positioning column has a height h1, and h2 < h1, and the diameters of the two positioning columns are d1; the remaining middle thoracic vertebrae (4) are respectively provided with two positioning columns on the upper and lower end surfaces, the lower end surface is consistent with the lower end surface of the first thoracic vertebra (1), and the upper end surface is consistent with the upper end surface of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (5); the intervertebral disc (3) is provided with four vertical positioning through holes that are in orthogonal distribution and matched with the positioning columns, the through holes have a diameter d1 and a depth h3, and h3 > h1.

5. The thorax structure of a crash test dummy according to claim 4, characterized in that The intervertebral disc (3) is provided with three circular holes on the front end surface, two circular holes are respectively formed on the left and right side surfaces, the diameters of the circular holes are d2 and d3, and d2 > d3, so as to simulate the constraint of the spinal ligament on bending, stretching and lateral bending movements, so that the thoracic vertebra bending range is 10°±2°, the stretching range is 6°±2°, and the lateral bending range is 7°±2°.

6. The thorax structure of a crash test dummy according to claim 5, characterized in that The fixing cable (6) has a spherical cable head that is clamped on the upper end of the first thoracic vertebra (1), and the bottom end of the fixing cable (6) is provided with a threaded segment matched with the nut (7).

7. The thorax structure of a crash test dummy according to claim 6, characterized in that The rib module includes seven pairs of ribs, the rib body cross section is rectangular, the cross section length of the upper six pairs of ribs is a1, the cross section width is b1, the cross section length of the seventh pair of ribs is a2, the cross section width is b2, and a2 = (2.5-3)a1 and b2 = (2.5-3)b1.

8. The thorax structure of a crash test dummy according to claim 7, characterized in that The sternum (19) and the costal cartilage (13) are fastened and connected by the bolt IV (18), and a square elastic pad (17) is arranged between the two. The thoracic vertebra, the cervical vertebra connecting block, the transverse process, the sternum, the damping strip, the intervertebral disc, the T-shaped rotation limiting elastic block and the square elastic pad are made of 45# steel, 75# steel, a polymer-based damping material, and polyurethane rubber, respectively.

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