Small microwave electric field intensity rapid measurement method based on Rydberg atoms

Abstract

The invention discloses a miniature microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms, and belongs to the field of microwave electric field measurement. The implementation method comprises the following steps: scanning through an alkali metal atom gas chamber by using first probe light, scanning through the alkali metal atom gas chamber by using first coupling light, radiating a microwave electric field to be detected to the alkali metal atom gas chamber, obtaining an EIT-AT split spectrum, and obtaining the microwave electric field to be detected; if the EIT-AT splitting spacing is not available, a local oscillation microwave electric field can be radiated to the alkali metal atom gas chamber at the same time, a microwave electric field to be measured is obtained through an atom superheterodyne method, and rapid measurement of the intensity of the miniaturized microwave electric field based on Rydberg atoms is achieved. The device for realizing the method comprises a first laser, a first dichroscope, an alkali metal atom gas chamber, a second laser, a second dichroscope, a photoelectric detector, a first standard gain horn antenna and a second standard gain horn antenna. Frequency locking does not need to be carried out on detection light and coupling light, light path devices can be reduced, and the application range is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of microwave electric field measurement and relates to a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity rapid measurement method based on Rydberg atoms. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern science and technology, microwave technology has shown broad application prospects in many fields such as communications, radar, electronic countermeasures, materials science and biomedicine. However, the accurate measurement of microwave electric fields has always been a major challenge in this field, especially in situations where high sensitivity, high resolution and miniaturized equipment are required. Traditional microwave electric field measurement methods, such as probe method and antenna method, are often limited by factors such as measurement sensitivity, dynamic range, system complexity and size, and are difficult to meet the growing scientific research and industrial needs.

[0003] In this context, microwave electric field measurement methods based on quantum sensing have emerged, among which the technology of using Rydberg atoms as sensors is particularly eye-catching. Rydberg atoms are a type of electronic structure with a highly excited state. The distance between their outer electrons and the nucleus is extremely large, making them more sensitive to external electromagnetic fields. This property makes Rydberg atoms an ideal candidate for detecting weak electromagnetic fields, especially microwave electric fields.

[0004] However, despite the many advantages of the microwave electric field measurement method based on Rydberg atoms, it still faces some challenges in practical applications. One of them is how to achieve the miniaturization and speed of the measurement system. Traditional microwave electric field measurement devices based on Rydberg atoms are often large in size and complex in structure, which are not convenient to carry and use on site; at the same time, the measurement process takes a long time and it is difficult to meet the needs of fast measurement.

[0005] In order to achieve miniaturized and rapid microwave electric field intensity measurement, researchers have conducted a lot of research and exploration in recent years. Among them, an important idea is to encapsulate the Rydberg atomic gas in a micro-gas chamber and realize the integration and miniaturization of the gas chamber through micro-machining technology. At the same time, optimize the design of the laser and detector, improve the stability of the laser and the sensitivity of the detector, so as to shorten the measurement time and improve the measurement accuracy.

[0006] In addition, with the continuous development of semiconductor technology and microelectronics technology, some new miniaturized and integrated components are widely used in the field of microwave electric field measurement. For example, the emergence of micro lasers, micro photodetectors, microwave antennas and other components has provided strong support for the miniaturization and rapidity of microwave electric field measurement systems based on Rydberg atoms. These components are not only small in size and light in weight, but also have stable and reliable performance, which can meet the measurement needs in complex environments.

[0007] In the prior art, some researchers have tried to reduce the size and complexity of the measuring device by optimizing the laser system, improving the atomic excitation and detection technology, etc. However, the frequency locking system of the detection light and the coupling light increases the complexity of the measuring device to a certain extent. In addition, most of these attempts focus on improving the measurement accuracy and sensitivity, and pay insufficient attention to the miniaturization and integration of the device. In general, some miniaturization attempts may sacrifice the measurement performance, resulting in failure to achieve the expected results in practical applications. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity rapid measurement method based on Rydberg atoms, which uses low-power detection light and coupling light to measure the microwave electric field intensity, and can achieve rapid and precise measurement of the microwave electric field intensity at a single frequency point. The present invention has the following advantages: there is no need to lock the detection light and coupling light, and the optical path components are reduced, and it can be applied to complex situations such as multi-band coexistence and real-time monitoring requirements.

[0009] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention discloses a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: The first detection light passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber, causing the atoms in the alkali metal atom gas chamber to transition from the ground state to the excited state, and the Doppler absorption spectrum envelope of the alkali metal atoms is obtained; the peak position of the first detection light frequency lock is found by traversing the absorption spectrum envelope, and the frequency scanning range of the first detection light is automatically reduced to near the preset peak position of the frequency lock.

[0012] Step 2: The first coupling light scans through the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and its transmission direction is collinear and opposite to the first detection light; the first coupling light interacts with the excited state atoms to transition the alkali metal atoms from the excited state to the first Rydberg state.

[0013] Step 3: radiate the microwave electric field to be measured into the alkali metal atom gas chamber. The Rydberg atoms interact with the microwave electric field to transition the alkali metal atoms from the first Rydberg state to the second Rydberg state, and generate an EIT-AT split spectrum.

[0014] Step 4: Based on the obtained EIT-AT splitting spectrum, ① if the splitting distance of the EIT-AT splitting spectrum is distinguishable, determine the microwave electric field intensity to be measured by its splitting distance; ② if the splitting distance of the obtained EIT-AT splitting spectrum is indistinguishable, reduce the first coupling light frequency scanning range, radiate a local oscillation microwave electric field to the alkali metal atomic gas chamber, and obtain the intermediate frequency signal through the spectrum analyzer.

[0015] Step 5: Based on the obtained intermediate frequency signal, the microwave electric field to be measured is determined by the atomic superheterodyne method.

[0016] The local oscillator microwave electric field in step 4 is a known microwave electric field, and its electric field strength is much greater than the microwave electric field to be measured.

[0017] The start timing of the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured and the local oscillator microwave electric field is set, including the following symbol settings and steps:

[0018] The first detection light on time T P , first detection light on duration t P , operation interval time t int , the first coupling light start time T C , first coupling light on duration t C , the start time of the microwave electric field to be measured is T Sig , the duration of the microwave electric field to be measured is t Sig , the time when the local oscillator microwave electric field is turned on T Lo , the duration of the local oscillator microwave electric field on is t Lo , turn off the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave electric field at time T off , the duration of turning off the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave electric field is t off The next time the first detection light is turned on is T P1 .

[0019] Step ①: After the first detection light is turned on, the duration is t p ;

[0020] Step ②: The first coupling light delays the first detection light t int Turn on, that is, T C -T P =t int , the opening duration is t C ;

[0021] Step ③: The microwave electric field to be measured delays the first coupling light t int Turn on, that is, T Sig -T C =t int , the opening duration is t Sig ;

[0022] Step ④: The local oscillator microwave electric field delays the microwave electric field to be measured t int Turn on, that is, T Lo -T Sig =t int , the opening duration is t Lo ;

[0023] Step ⑤: The local oscillator microwave electric field is turned on and lasts for t LoAfter that, the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave electric field are turned off. That is, the turning-off time T off =T Lo +t Lo , lasting t off After that, start the next measurement and enter T P1 , that is, T P1 -T off =t off .

[0024] The timing is, T P +t int At time T / 4, the first detection light spectrum transmitted through the alkali metal atoms is obtained. If the detection is a Doppler absorption spectrum envelope, step 2 is performed; C +t int At time T / 4, the first detection light spectrum transmitted through the alkali metal atoms is obtained. If the detected spectrum is an EIT spectrum, step three is performed; Sig +t int / 4, obtain the first detection light spectrum transmitted through the alkali metal atoms. If the EIT-AT spectrum is detected, proceed to step 4 (1), i.e. determine the microwave electric field to be measured according to the EIT-AT splitting distance. If the EIT-AT spectrum cannot be detected, proceed to step 4 (2), i.e. determine the microwave electric field to be measured by using the atomic superheterodyne method.

[0025] Determine the microwave electric field strength to be measured by EIT-AT splitting spacing or atomic superheterodyne method:

[0026] Case 1: When the microwave electric field to be measured produces an EIT-AT split spectrum with a resolvable double peak spacing, according to the EIT-AT split spacing Δf Sig , the microwave electric field strength to be measured is obtained by the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, E Sig is the microwave electric field strength to be measured, is the reduced Planck constant, Δf Sig The microwave electric field to be measured makes the Rydberg atoms produce a resolvable EIT-AT splitting distance. is the transition dipole moment between the first Rydberg state and the second Rydberg state.

[0029] Case 2: When the microwave electric field to be measured is not enough to produce an EIT-AT split spectrum with a resolvable double peak spacing, the microwave electric field strength to be measured is obtained by the following formula according to the atomic superheterodyne method:

[0030]

[0031] Where, ΔT Prepresents the change in the transmittance of the detected light, E Lo is the local oscillator microwave electric field strength, Δω represents the microwave electric field E to be measured Sig and the local oscillator microwave electric field E Lo The frequency difference, Represents the microwave electric field E to be measured Sig and the local oscillator microwave electric field E Lo The phase difference.

[0032] The central wavelength of the first detection light is 780nm, which is emitted by a small external cavity semiconductor laser miniECL to transition the alkali metal atoms from the ground state to the excited state.

[0033] The central wavelength of the first coupled light is 480nm, which is emitted by a small external cavity semiconductor laser miniECL to transition the alkali metal atoms from the excited state to the first Rydberg state.

[0034] The present invention discloses a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement device based on Rydberg atoms, which is used to implement a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms. A miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement device based on Rydberg atoms comprises a first laser, a first dichroic mirror, an alkali metal atom gas chamber, a second laser, a second dichroic mirror, a photoelectric detector, a first standard gain horn antenna, and a second standard gain horn antenna. The first detection light is output by the first laser, reflected by the first dichroic mirror into the alkali metal atom gas chamber, then passes through the second dichroic mirror and enters the photoelectric sensor; the first coupling light is output by the second laser, reflected by the second dichroic mirror into the alkali metal atom gas chamber; the first standard gain horn antenna radiates the microwave electric field to be measured, and the second standard gain horn antenna radiates the local oscillator microwave electric field.

[0035] Beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention discloses a method for rapid measurement of miniaturized microwave electric field intensity based on Rydberg atoms. The method uses a first detection light to scan through an alkali metal atom gas chamber, a first coupling light to scan through an alkali metal atom gas chamber, and radiates a microwave electric field to be measured to the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and obtains an EIT-AT splitting spectrum to obtain a microwave electric field to be measured. If the EIT-AT splitting spacing is not desirable, a local oscillator microwave electric field can be radiated to the alkali metal atom gas chamber at the same time, and the microwave electric field to be measured is obtained by an atomic superheterodyne method, thereby realizing rapid measurement of miniaturized microwave electric field intensity based on Rydberg atoms.

[0037] 2. The present invention discloses a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity rapid measurement method based on Rydberg atoms. The lasers all adopt miniECL lasers, which are small in size and can realize the miniaturization of the measuring device without affecting the measurement accuracy.

[0038] 3. The present invention discloses a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity rapid measurement method based on Rydberg atoms, which uses timing and electrical control to reduce the frequency scanning range of the detection light and the coupling light in a short time and completes the measurement of the microwave electric field intensity. There is no need to lock the frequency of the detection light and the coupling light, so that the measurement device used has no frequency stabilization optical path, the optical path is simplified, the volume is small, and the later maintainability is good.

[0039] 4. The present invention discloses a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity rapid measurement method based on Rydberg atoms, which uses low-power detection light and coupled light to measure the microwave electric field intensity, can achieve single calibration and single measurement, reduce the influence of laser frequency drift on the measurement results, and improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency of microwave electric field intensity.

[0040] 5. The invention discloses a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity rapid measurement method based on Rydberg atoms, which can realize rapid and precise measurement of microwave electric field intensity at a single frequency point. By performing multiple measurements in a short period of time, the method can not only measure the intensity of the microwave electric field in a harsh environment, but also measure the change of the microwave electric field intensity in a short period of time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measuring device based on Rydberg atoms provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: 1—first laser, 2—first dichroic mirror, 3—alkali metal atom gas chamber, 4—second laser, 5—second dichroic mirror, 6—photoelectric detector, 7—first standard gain horn antenna, 8—second standard gain horn antenna;

[0042] Figure 2 is an atomic excitation energy level diagram involved in a specific implementation scheme of an embodiment of the present invention,

[0043] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity rapid measurement method based on Rydberg atoms provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and the flow chart shows the measurement process within a measurement cycle;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a timing diagram corresponding to the measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to better illustrate the purpose and advantages of the present invention, the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0046] Embodiment 1:

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, the present embodiment discloses a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measuring device based on Rydberg atoms, comprising a first laser 1, a first dichroic mirror 2, an alkali metal atom gas chamber 3, a second laser 4, a second dichroic mirror 5, a photodetector 6, a first standard gain horn antenna 7, and a second standard gain horn antenna 8.

[0048] The first detection light output by the first laser 1 and the first coupling light output by the second laser 4 pass through the first dichroic mirror 2 and the second dichroic mirror 5 respectively, and then propagate through the alkali metal atom gas chamber 3 in the same line and in the opposite direction. The atoms in the alkali metal atom gas chamber 3 transition from the ground state to the Rydberg state through the two-photon transition. After passing through the alkali metal atom gas chamber 3, the first detection light carries the information of the interaction with the atoms and enters the photodetector 6.

[0049] The first standard gain horn antenna 7 is used to radiate the microwave electric field to be measured to the alkali metal atom gas chamber. The microwave electric field to be measured interacts with the Rydberg atoms to cause the Rydberg atoms to produce electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) and AT splitting (EIT-AT).

[0050] When the microwave electric field to be measured radiated by the first standard gain horn antenna 7 to the alkali metal atom gas chamber is not enough to make the Rydberg atom produce an obvious and distinguishable EIT-AT splitting spectrum, the second standard gain horn antenna 8 is used to radiate the local oscillator microwave electric field with controllable frequency and amplitude to the alkali metal atom gas chamber. The frequency difference between the microwave electric field to be measured and the local oscillator microwave electric field is Δf, and the intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured is further obtained by the atomic superheterodyne method. The introduction of the local oscillator microwave electric field is used to control the down-conversion characteristics of the Rydberg atom, and the intensity of the local oscillator microwave electric field is much greater than the intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, the central wavelength of the first detection light is 780 nm and is emitted by a miniature external cavity semiconductor laser (miniECL). The first detection light interacts with the alkali metal atoms to cause the alkali metal atoms to transition from a ground state to an excited state.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present invention, the central wavelength of the first coupling light is 480 nm and is emitted by a miniature external cavity semiconductor laser (miniECL). The first coupling light interacts with the alkali metal atoms to transition the alkali metal atoms from an excited state to a first Rydberg state.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first detection light is weak detection light, and when it is transmitted to the alkali metal atom gas chamber, the power of the first detection light is 30uW; the first coupling light is strong coupling light, and when it is transmitted to the alkali metal atom gas chamber, the power of the first coupling light is 50mW.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present invention, the alkali metal atom used is 87 Rb atom.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, the measurement method of this embodiment corresponds to 87 Rb atomic energy level diagram, first probe light acting on alkali metals 87 The ground state of Rb atom is 5S 1 / 2 and excited state 5P 3 / 2 , the first coupling light acts on the excited state 5P 3 / 2 and the first Rydberg state 51D 5 / 2 Through two-photon transition, the first detection light and the first coupling light will 87 The Rb atom transitions from the ground state to the first Rydberg state, forming the EIT effect of the Rydberg atom, which allows the detection light to pass through the alkali metal almost transparently. 87 Rb atomic bubble. After applying the microwave electric field to be measured, the microwave electric field to be measured will 87 The Rb atom is in the first Rydberg state 51D 5 / 2 Transition to the second Rydberg state 52P 5 / 2 , producing the EIT-AT splitting effect. When the intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured is sufficient to cause the Rydberg atoms to produce a resolvable EIT-AT splitting distance, the EIT-AT splitting distance is used to calculate the intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured.

[0056] As mentioned above, the calculation formula for measuring the microwave electric field strength to be measured using the EIT-AT splitting spacing is:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, E Sig is the microwave electric field strength to be measured, is the reduced Planck constant, ΔF Sig The microwave electric field to be measured makes the Rydberg atoms produce a resolvable EIT-AT splitting distance. The first Rydberg state 51D 5 / 2 and the second Rydberg state 52P 5 / 2 The transition dipole moment between .

[0059] When the microwave electric field strength to be measured is not enough to make the Rydberg atoms produce a resolvable EIT-AT splitting distance, the method of using the EIT-AT splitting distance to calculate the microwave electric field strength to be measured is no longer applicable. At this time, the microwave electric field strength to be measured is weak, and the atomic superheterodyne method is required for measurement:

[0060] The present embodiment discloses a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms. The frequency of the local oscillator microwave electric field is close to the frequency of the microwave electric field to be measured. The field intensity of the local oscillator microwave electric field should be much greater than the field intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured. That is, the ratio of the field intensity of the local oscillator microwave electric field to the field intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured should be greater than 10 to ensure that the local oscillator microwave electric field is close to the frequency of the microwave electric field to be measured. 87When the atomic superheterodyne method is used to measure the electric field, the relationship between the change in the transmittance of the first detection light and the intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Where, ΔT P represents the change of the transmittance of the first detection light, E Lo is the local oscillator microwave electric field strength, Δω represents the frequency difference between the microwave electric field to be measured and the local oscillator microwave electric field, It indicates the phase difference between the microwave electric field to be measured and the local oscillator microwave electric field.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , a miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms disclosed in this embodiment is shown. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0064] S101, the first detection light passes through the alkali metal 87 Rb atomic gas chamber, with 87 The Rb atoms interact with each other. 87 Rb atoms transition from the ground state to the excited state to form alkali metal 87 The Doppler absorption spectrum envelope of the Rb atom is traversed to find the preset peak position of the first detection light frequency lock, and the scanning range of the first detection light is reduced to the vicinity of the peak position. The scanning time of the first detection light is t p =80ms;

[0065] S102, the first coupling light scans through the alkali metal 87 Rb atomic gas chamber, with 87 The Rb atoms interact with each other. 87 The Rb atom transitions from the excited state to the first Rydberg state, forming a Rydberg atom and producing the EIT effect. The first coupling light scanning time is t C =60ms;

[0066] S103, to alkali metal 87 The Rb atomic gas chamber radiates the microwave electric field to be measured, causing the Rydberg atoms to interact with the microwave electric field to produce the EIT-AT splitting effect. The radiation time of the microwave electric field to be measured is t Sig =40ms;

[0067] S104, obtaining an EIT-AT split spectrum through a photoelectric detector, and if the EIT-AT splitting distance is distinguishable, determining the microwave electric field intensity to be measured by the EIT-AT splitting distance;

[0068] S105 If the EIT-AT splitting distance is indistinguishable, radiate the local oscillator microwave electric field to the alkali metal atomic gas chamber. The local oscillator microwave electric field radiation time is t Lo= 20ms, the microwave electric field strength to be measured is determined by the atomic superheterodyne method;

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, in order to achieve effective measurement, the start timing of the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave is set. It includes the following symbol settings and steps:

[0070] The first detection light on time T P , first detection light on duration t P , operation interval time t int , the first coupling light start time T C , first coupling light on duration t C , the start time of the microwave electric field to be measured is T Sig , the duration of the microwave electric field to be measured is t Sig , the time when the local oscillator microwave electric field is turned on T Lo , the duration of the local oscillator microwave electric field on is t Lo , turn off the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave electric field at time T off , turn off the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave electric field for a duration of t off , the time T when the next measurement is performed and the first detection light is turned on P1 ;

[0071] After the first detection light is turned on (T p ), the duration is t p =80ms;

[0072] The first coupling light delays the first detection light t int =20ms on, that is, T C -T P =20ms, duration is t C =60ms;

[0073] The microwave electric field to be measured delays the first coupling light t int =20ms on, that is, T Sig -T C =20ms, duration is t Sig =40ms;

[0074] The local oscillator microwave electric field delays the microwave electric field to be measured t int =20ms on, that is, T Lo -T Sig =20ms, the on time lasts for t Lo =20ms;

[0075] The local oscillator microwave electric field is turned on for a period of t LoAfter that, the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave electric field are turned off, that is, the turning off time T off =T Lo +20ms. Duration t off =5ms later, start the next measurement and enter T P1 , that is, T P1 -T off =5ms.

[0076] The embodiment of the present application realizes the measurement of the microwave electric field intensity to be measured in a short time. Since the single measurement time is short, the embodiment of the present application can measure the rate of change of the microwave electric field intensity to be measured in space in real time.

[0077] The lasers used in the embodiments of the present application are all miniECL lasers, which are smaller in size than traditional external cavity semiconductor lasers (ECDLs); the frequency-locked optical paths of the first detection light and the first coupling light are removed from the optical path of the measuring device, reducing the optical devices required for the experiment and achieving miniaturization of the measuring device.

[0078] The specific description above further illustrates the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the invention in detail. It should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: The first detection light passes through the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and the atoms in the alkali metal atom gas chamber transition from the ground state to the excited state, and the Doppler absorption spectrum envelope of the alkali metal atoms is obtained; the peak position of the first detection light frequency lock is found by traversing the absorption spectrum envelope, and the frequency scanning range of the first detection light is automatically reduced to the vicinity of the preset peak position of the frequency lock; Step 2: The first coupling light scans through the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and its transmission direction is opposite to the collinearity of the first detection light; the first coupling light interacts with the excited state atoms to transition the alkali metal atoms from the excited state to the first Rydberg state; Step 3, radiating the microwave electric field to be measured to the alkali metal atom gas chamber, the Rydberg atoms interact with the microwave electric field to be measured, the alkali metal atoms transition from the first Rydberg state to the second Rydberg state, and generate an EIT-AT split spectrum; Step 4: Based on the obtained EIT-AT splitting spectrum, ① if the splitting distance of the EIT-AT splitting spectrum is distinguishable, determine the microwave electric field intensity to be measured by the splitting distance; ② if the splitting distance of the obtained EIT-AT splitting spectrum is indistinguishable, reduce the first coupling light frequency scanning range, radiate a local oscillation microwave electric field to the alkali metal atom gas chamber, and obtain an intermediate frequency signal through a spectrum analyzer; Step 5: Based on the obtained intermediate frequency signal, the microwave electric field to be measured is determined by the atomic superheterodyne method.

2. A miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The local oscillator microwave electric field in step 4 is a known microwave electric field, and its electric field strength is much greater than the microwave electric field to be measured.

3. A miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The start timing of the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured and the local oscillator microwave electric field is set, including the following symbol settings and steps: The first detection light on time T P , first detection light on duration t P , operation interval time t int , the first coupling light start time T C , first coupling light on duration t C , the start time of the microwave electric field to be measured is T Sig , the duration of the microwave electric field to be measured is t Sig , the time when the local oscillator microwave electric field is turned on T Lo , the duration of the local oscillator microwave electric field on is t Lo , turn off the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave electric field at time T off , the duration of turning off the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave electric field is t off ; The next first detection light is turned on at T P1 ; Step ①: After the first detection light is turned on, the duration is t p ; Step ②: The first coupling light delays the first detection light t int Turn on, that is, T C -T P =t int , the opening duration is t C ; Step ③: The microwave electric field to be measured delays the first coupling light t int Turn on, that is, T Sig -T C =t int , the opening duration is t Sig ; Step ④: The local oscillator microwave electric field delays the microwave electric field to be measured t int Turn on, that is, T Lo -T Sig =t int , the opening duration is t Lo ; Step ⑤: The local oscillator microwave electric field is turned on and lasts for t Lo After that, the first detection light, the first coupling light, the microwave electric field to be measured, and the local oscillator microwave electric field are turned off; that is, the closing time T off =T Lo +t Lo , lasting t off After that, start the next measurement and enter T P1 , that is, T P1 -T off =t off .

4. A miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The timing is, T P +t int At time T / 4, the first detection light spectrum transmitted through the alkali metal atoms is obtained. If the detection is a Doppler absorption spectrum envelope, step 2 is performed; C +t int At time T / 4, the first detection light spectrum transmitted through the alkali metal atoms is obtained. If the detected spectrum is an EIT spectrum, step three is performed; Sig +t int / 4, obtain the first detection light spectrum transmitted through the alkali metal atoms. If the EIT-AT splitting spectrum is detected, proceed to step 4 (1), i.e. determine the microwave electric field to be measured according to the EIT-AT splitting spacing. If the EIT-AT splitting spectrum cannot be detected, proceed to step 4 (2), i.e. determine the microwave electric field to be measured by using the atomic superheterodyne method.

5. A miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Determine the microwave electric field strength to be measured by EIT-AT splitting spacing or atomic superheterodyne method: Case 1: When the microwave electric field to be measured produces an EIT-AT split spectrum with a resolvable double peak spacing, according to the EIT-AT split spacing Δf Sig , the microwave electric field strength to be measured is obtained by the following formula: Among them, E Sig is the microwave electric field strength to be measured, is the reduced Planck constant, Δf Sig The microwave electric field to be measured makes the Rydberg atoms produce a resolvable EIT-AT splitting distance. is the transition dipole moment between the first Rydberg state and the second Rydberg state; Case 2: When the microwave electric field to be measured is not enough to produce an EIT-AT split spectrum with a resolvable double peak spacing, the microwave electric field strength to be measured is obtained by the following formula according to the atomic superheterodyne method: Where, ΔT P represents the change in the transmittance of the detected light, E Lo is the local oscillator microwave electric field strength, Δω represents the microwave electric field E to be measured Sig and the local oscillator microwave electric field E Lo The frequency difference, Represents the microwave electric field E to be measured Sig and the local oscillator microwave electric field E Lo The phase difference.

6. A miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The central wavelength of the first detection light is 780nm, which is emitted by a small external cavity semiconductor laser miniECL to transition the alkali metal atoms from the ground state to the excited state.

7. A miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measurement method based on Rydberg atoms as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The central wavelength of the first coupled light is 480nm, which is emitted by a small external cavity semiconductor laser miniECL to transition the alkali metal atoms from the excited state to the first Rydberg state.

8. A miniaturized microwave electric field intensity measuring device based on Rydberg atoms, used to implement the method as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first laser (1), a first dichroic mirror (2), an alkali metal atom gas chamber (3), a second laser (4), a second dichroic mirror (5), a photoelectric detector (6), a first standard gain horn antenna (7), and a second standard gain horn antenna (8); first detection light is output by the first laser (1), reflected by the first dichroic mirror (2), enters the alkali metal atom gas chamber (3), then passes through the second dichroic mirror (5), and enters the photoelectric sensor (6); first coupling light is output by the second laser (4), reflected by the second dichroic mirror (5), and enters the alkali metal atom gas chamber (3); the first standard gain horn antenna (7) radiates a microwave electric field to be measured, and the second standard gain horn antenna (8) radiates a local oscillator microwave electric field.

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