Visual directional perforation device and perforation method

Abstract

The visual directional perforation device comprises a sleeve, a fishing head is arranged at one end in the sleeve, a sleeve outer optical fiber is wound outside the sleeve, the end, away from a sleeve port, of the fishing head is connected with one end of a beacon tester, and the other end of the beacon tester is connected with an optical fiber cable. The optical fiber cable sequentially penetrates through the perforating gun, the standby perforating gun, the bridge plug setting tool and the bridge plug and then is connected with the visual display terminal. The invention also discloses a visual directional perforation method. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the angle orientation of an optical fiber outside a sleeve at a point to be measured through the beacon tester; the perforation orientation is determined according to the optical fiber orientation outside the measured casing, and the selected perforation orientation should be located on the back face of the orientation where the optical fiber cable is located; adjusting a perforation angle to avoid the orientation of the optical fiber; and if the perforation angle is difficult to avoid the optical fiber outside the sleeve, the standby perforation gun is started. According to the visual directional perforation device and the perforation method, the problem that in the prior art, in the perforation process of well completion, fracturing and other operations, the difficulty of avoiding optical fiber perforation is large is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of perforating equipment, and relates to a visual orientation perforating device. The present invention also relates to a visual orientation perforating method. Background Art

[0002] From the perspective of the latest international technology development and application trends, distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring has become the latest technical means for hydraulic fracturing monitoring. The distributed optical fiber testing technology collects acoustic wave and temperature data continuously throughout the target interval in the wellbore to obtain the acoustic wave and temperature data of the target interval, analyzes and evaluates the bottom-hole fracturing situation, and can monitor and evaluate production activities such as downhole fracturing, packer status, and casing leakage in real time, providing timely and complete data basis for formulating stimulation measures. The optical fiber outside the casing and discrete sensors for monitoring are generally fixed on the outside of the casing through special protection fixtures and are lowered into the well with the casing. With the consolidation of the cement slurry, they are permanently fixed outside the casing and can monitor the dynamic parameters of the entire life cycle of the oil and gas well. During the monitoring process, it does not interfere with the wellhead production and operation.

[0003] In a horizontal well equipped with an optical fiber outside the casing, since the optical fiber is lowered into the well together with the casing, it cannot be ensured that the optical fiber is distributed straight on one side of the outside of the casing. There may be irregular winding of the optical fiber on the outer wall of the casing, which greatly increases the difficulty of avoiding the optical fiber during subsequent completion, fracturing and other operations. There can be no slightest mistake during perforating, otherwise the optical fiber will be damaged. Once the downhole optical fiber is damaged, it cannot be repaired or replaced, making subsequent monitoring difficult and causing significant economic losses.

[0004] In summary, the prior art has the problem of great difficulty in avoiding optical fiber perforating during perforating operations such as completion and fracturing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a visual orientation perforating device, which solves the problem of great difficulty in avoiding optical fiber perforating during perforating operations such as completion and fracturing in the prior art.

[0006] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a visual orientation perforating method.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that the visual orientation perforating device includes a casing, and a fishing head, a beacon tester, a perforating gun, a spare perforating gun, a bridge plug setting tool, and a bridge plug are sequentially connected along the axial direction inside the casing. An optical fiber outside the casing is wound around the casing, and a visual display terminal is arranged outside the casing.

[0008] The characteristics of the present invention also lie in that:

[0009] The beacon tester is connected with an optical fiber cable, and the optical fiber cable sequentially passes through the perforating gun, the spare perforating gun, the bridge plug setting tool, and the bridge plug, and the optical fiber cable is connected with the visual display terminal.

[0010] Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is a visual orientation perforation method, which includes the following steps: Step 1: Measure the angular orientation of the optical fiber outside the casing at the point to be measured through a beacon tester.

[0011] Step 2: Determine the perforation orientation according to the measured orientation of the optical fiber outside the casing. The selected perforation orientation should be on the back of the orientation where the optical fiber cable is located.

[0012] Step 3: Adjust the perforation angle according to the data displayed on the visual display terminal to avoid the orientation where the optical fiber is located.

[0013] Step 4: If it is difficult to avoid the optical fiber outside the casing when determining the perforation angle, adopt alternative measures.

[0014] The characteristics of another technical solution of the present invention also lie in:

[0015] The method for measuring the angular orientation of the optical fiber outside the casing in Step 1 is as follows: Use the beacon tester inside the casing to receive the electromagnetic signal emitted by the beacon on the optical fiber outside the casing, so as to determine the angular orientation of the optical fiber outside the casing at the point to be measured.

[0016] The formula used to determine the perforation orientation in Step 2 is: K i =(α i -180)±θ / 2+N*360°, where α i is the optical fiber orientation angle data at point i; θ is the perforation phase angle. When single-phase perforation is adopted, the value of θ is 0; N is an adjustment coefficient, and its value is 1 or -1; K i is the perforation orientation at point i.

[0017] In Step 3, the beacon tester monitors the orientation of the optical fiber outside the casing in real time. The beacon tester transmits the position of the optical fiber outside the casing underground to the visual display terminal through the optical fiber cable, monitors the position of the optical fiber outside the casing in real time, and fine-tunes the perforation angle according to the position of the optical fiber outside the casing displayed on the ground visual display terminal.

[0018] In Step 4, when it is observed on the visual display terminal that the perforation angle of the perforating gun cannot avoid the optical fiber outside the casing, the alternative measure is to enable a spare perforating gun to prevent the optical fiber outside the casing from being misfired.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The visual orientation perforating device and perforating method provided by the present invention solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to avoid optical fiber perforation during well completion, fracturing and other operations. The visual orientation method provided by the present invention first measures the azimuth of the optical fiber outside the casing at the depth of all perforation points, determines the perforation azimuth of each perforation point based on the optical fiber azimuth data, the perforation azimuth is located on the back of the optical fiber azimuth, and adjusts the perforation phase angle through the visual display terminal; when the optical fiber winds outside the casing and it is difficult to avoid the optical fiber outside the casing for the perforation azimuth, the standby perforating gun is enabled to ensure that the perforation azimuth avoids the optical fiber outside the casing and improve the success rate of avoiding perforation and fracturing outside the casing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the visual orientation perforating device of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure, 1, casing; 2, fishing head; 3, beacon tester; 4, perforating gun; 5, standby perforating gun; 6, bridge plug setting tool; 7, bridge plug; 8, optical fiber outside the casing; 9, optical fiber cable; 10, visual display terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] The visual orientation perforating device, as Figure 1 shown, includes a casing 1, the outer wall of the casing 1 is connected to the well wall, can accommodate filling materials, is used to reinforce the well wall and fix the optical fiber 8 outside the casing; the beacon tester 3 is a detection module of the visual orientation perforating tool, which monitors the azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing in real time and transmits the signal to the visual display terminal 10 through the optical fiber cable 9; the function of the visual display terminal 10 is an image processor and a display, which can perform visual conversion and display according to the information of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing monitored by the beacon tester 3. Thus, according to the azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing displayed in the visual display terminal 10, the perforation azimuth is determined or the standby perforating gun is enabled to achieve directional perforation.

[0024] The visual orientation perforating method includes the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Measure the angular azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing at the point to be measured through the beacon tester 3;

[0026] Step 2: Determine the perforation azimuth according to the measured azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing, and the selected perforation azimuth should be located on the back of the azimuth where the optical fiber cable 9 is located;

[0027] Step 3: Adjust the perforation angle according to the data displayed on the visual display terminal 10 to avoid the azimuth where the optical fiber is located;

[0028] Step 4: If it is difficult to avoid the optical fiber 8 outside the casing during the perforation angle, activate the spare perforating gun 5.

[0029] The optical fiber 8 outside the casing is used for on-line real-time monitoring of the entire life cycle of the oil and gas well; the beacon tester 3 is located inside the casing 1 and can sense the beacon that can emit electromagnetic signals on the clamp of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing to determine the angular orientation of the optical fiber outside the casing; according to the fiber orientation, determine the perforation orientation, and the perforation orientation is located at a position far from the fiber orientation; then use the visual display terminal 10 to adjust the perforation angle so that the perforating gun 4 perforates within the fan-shaped range while avoiding the optical fiber 8 outside the casing; at the same time, a spare perforating gun 5 is equipped. When it is observed in the visual display terminal 10 that the perforating gun 4 cannot avoid the optical fiber 8 outside the casing, activate the spare perforating gun 5, which can effectively prevent the optical fiber 8 outside the casing from being misfired, improve the success rate of avoiding the optical fiber during perforation, and can achieve fiber-avoiding perforation whether the oil and gas well is a vertical well or a deviated well, ensuring the normal on-line real-time monitoring of the entire life cycle of the oil and gas well.

[0030] Determine the fiber orientation, and the perforation orientation is K i =(α i -180)±θ / 2+N*360°; α i is the fiber orientation angle data at point i; θ is the perforation phase angle. When perforating in a single-phase mode, θ takes a value of 0; N is an adjustment coefficient, and its value is 1 or -1; K i is the perforation orientation at point i.

[0031] When the perforation orientation K i <0°, N takes a value of 1, and recalculate K i , K i =(α i -180)±θ / 2+360°; when the perforation orientation K i ≥360°, N takes a value of -1, and recalculate K i , K i =(α i -180)±θ / 2-360°; K i Generally, it is rounded according to the rounding principle and recorded as the construction perforation orientation.

[0032] The visual display terminal 10 is connected to the beacon tester 3 through an optical fiber cable 9 to real-time monitor the fiber orientation of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing; the beacon tester 3 transmits the position of the optical fiber 8 outside the downhole casing to the visual display terminal 10 through the optical fiber cable, real-time monitors the position of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing, and fine-tunes the perforation angle according to the position of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing displayed on the ground visual display terminal 10.

[0033] During perforation operations, two sets of guns, the perforating gun 4 and the spare perforating gun 5, are lowered into the well simultaneously; when the angle of the perforating gun 4 cannot avoid the fiber optic cable 8 outside the casing, the spare perforating gun 5 is activated.

[0034] The visual orientation perforating device and perforating method provided by the present invention solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to avoid perforating the fiber optic cable during well completion, fracturing and other operations. The present invention first measures the azimuth of the fiber optic cable 8 outside the casing at the depth of all perforation points, determines the perforation azimuth for each perforation point based on the fiber optic azimuth data, with the perforation azimuth located on the back of the fiber optic azimuth, and adjusts the perforation phase angle through the visual display terminal; when the fiber optic cable is wound outside the casing and it is difficult to avoid the fiber optic cable 8 outside the casing for the perforation azimuth, the spare perforating gun 5 is activated to ensure that the perforation azimuth avoids the fiber optic cable 8 outside the casing, improving the success rate of avoiding perforation and fracturing outside the casing.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment proposes a visual orientation perforating device, including a casing 1, inside which there are successively connected along the axial direction a fishing head 2, a beacon tester 3, a perforating gun 4, a spare perforating gun 5, a bridge plug setting tool 6, and a bridge plug 7. There is a fiber optic cable 8 wound outside the casing 1, and a visual display terminal 10 is arranged outside the casing 1. The beacon tester 3 is connected to a fiber optic cable 9, and the fiber optic cable 9 passes through the perforating gun 4, the spare perforating gun 5, the bridge plug setting tool 6, and the bridge plug 7 in sequence, and the fiber optic cable 9 is connected to the visual display terminal 10.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] This embodiment proposes a visual orientation perforating method, including the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Measure the angular azimuth of the fiber optic cable 8 outside the casing at the point to be measured through the beacon tester 3;

[0040] Step 2: Determine the perforation azimuth according to the measured azimuth of the fiber optic cable 8 outside the casing, and the selected perforation azimuth should be located on the back of the azimuth where the fiber optic cable 9 is located;

[0041] Step 3: Adjust the perforation angle according to the data displayed on the visual display terminal 10 to avoid the azimuth where the fiber optic cable is located;

[0042] Step 4: If it is difficult to avoid the fiber optic cable 8 outside the casing for the perforation angle, take alternative measures.

[0043] Embodiment 3

[0044] This embodiment proposes a visual orientation perforating method, including the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Measure the angular azimuth of the fiber optic cable 8 outside the casing at the point to be measured through the beacon tester 3;

[0046] Step 2: Determine the perforation orientation according to the 8 - azimuth of the optical fiber outside the casing. The selected perforation orientation should be on the back of the azimuth where the optical fiber cable 9 is located.

[0047] Step 3: Adjust the perforation angle according to the data displayed on the visual display terminal 10 to avoid the azimuth where the optical fiber is located.

[0048] Step 4: If it is difficult to avoid the optical fiber outside the casing when adjusting the perforation angle, adopt alternative measures.

[0049] The method for measuring the angular azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing in Step 1 is as follows: Use the beacon tester 3 inside the casing 1 to receive the electromagnetic signal emitted by the beacon on the optical fiber 8 outside the casing, so as to determine the angular azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing at the point to be measured. The determination of the perforation orientation in Step 2 uses the formula: K i =(α i - 180)±θ / 2 + N*360°, where α i is the optical fiber azimuth angle data at point i; θ is the perforation phase angle. When perforating in a single - phase mode, θ takes the value of 0; N is the adjustment coefficient, taking the value of 1 or - 1; K i is the perforation orientation at point i.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] The visualization - oriented perforation method proposed in this example includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Measure the angular azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing at the point to be measured through the beacon tester 3.

[0053] Step 2: Determine the perforation orientation according to the azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing. The selected perforation orientation should be on the back of the azimuth where the optical fiber cable 9 is located.

[0054] Step 3: Adjust the perforation angle according to the data displayed on the visual display terminal 10 to avoid the azimuth where the optical fiber is located.

[0055] Step 4: If it is difficult to avoid the optical fiber 8 outside the casing when adjusting the perforation angle, adopt alternative measures.

[0056] The method for measuring the angular azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing in Step 1 is as follows: Use the beacon tester 3 inside the casing 1 to receive the electromagnetic signal emitted by the beacon on the optical fiber 8 outside the casing, so as to determine the angular azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing at the point to be measured. The determination of the perforation orientation in Step 2 uses the formula: K i =(α i - 180)±θ / 2 + N*360°, where α i is the optical fiber azimuth angle data at point i; θ is the perforation phase angle. When perforating in a single - phase mode, θ takes the value of 0; N is the adjustment coefficient, taking the value of 1 or - 1; Ki It is the perforation azimuth at point i. In Step 3, the beacon tester 3 monitors the fiber azimuth of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing in real time. The beacon tester 3 transmits the position of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing downhole to the visualization display terminal 10 through the fiber optic cable 9, monitors the position of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing in real time, and fine-tunes the perforation angle according to the position of the optical fiber 8 outside the casing displayed on the visualization display terminal 10 on the ground. In Step 4, when it is observed on the visualization display terminal 10 that the perforation angle of the perforating gun 4 cannot avoid the optical fiber 8 outside the casing, the backup measure is to enable the backup perforating gun 5 to prevent the optical fiber 8 outside the casing from being misfired.

Claims

1. Visualized directional perforating device, Characterized in that: It includes a casing (1), inside which a fishing head (2), a beacon tester (3), a perforating gun (4), a spare perforating gun (5), a bridge plug setting tool (6), and a bridge plug (7) are sequentially connected along the axial direction. An outer casing optical fiber (8) is wound around the casing (1), and a visualized display terminal (10) is arranged outside the casing (1).

2. The visualized directional perforating device according to claim 1, Characterized in that: The beacon tester (3) is connected to an optical fiber cable (9), and the optical fiber cable (9) sequentially passes through the perforating gun (4), the spare perforating gun (5), the bridge plug setting tool (6), and the bridge plug (7), and the optical fiber cable (9) is connected to the visualized display terminal (10).

3. Visualized directional perforating method, Characterized in that, According to the visualized directional perforating device described in claims 1-2, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Measure the angular orientation of the outer casing optical fiber (8) at the point to be measured through the beacon tester (3); Step 2: Determine the perforating orientation according to the measured orientation of the outer casing optical fiber (8), and the selected perforating orientation should be on the back of the orientation where the optical fiber cable (9) is located; Step 3: Adjust the perforating angle according to the data displayed on the visualized display terminal (10) to avoid the orientation where the optical fiber is located; Step 4: If it is difficult to avoid the outer casing optical fiber (8) with the perforating angle, adopt alternative measures.

4. The visualized directional perforating method according to claim 3, Characterized in that: The method for measuring the angular orientation of the outer casing optical fiber (8) in Step 1 is: using the beacon tester (3) inside the casing (1) to receive the electromagnetic signal emitted by the beacon on the outer casing optical fiber (8), so as to determine the angular orientation of the outer casing optical fiber (8) at the point to be measured.

5. The visualized directional perforating method according to claim 3, Characterized in that: In the second step, the formula used to determine the perforation azimuth is: K i =(α i -180)±θ / 2+N*360°, where α i is the fiber azimuth angle data at point i; θ is the perforation phase angle. When single-phase perforation is used, θ is taken as 0; N is the adjustment coefficient, taking values of 1 or -1; K i is the perforation azimuth at point i.

6. The visualized directional perforating method according to claim 3, Characterized in that: In Step 3, the beacon tester (3) monitors the fiber orientation of the outer casing optical fiber (8) in real time. The beacon tester (3) transmits the position of the outer casing optical fiber (8) in the wellbore to the visualized display terminal (10) through the optical fiber cable (9), monitors the position of the outer casing optical fiber (8) in real time, and finely adjusts the perforating angle according to the position of the outer casing optical fiber (8) displayed on the ground visualized display terminal (10).

7. The visualized directional perforating method according to claim 3, Characterized in that: When it is observed in the visualized display terminal (10) that the perforating angle of the perforating gun (4) cannot avoid the outer casing optical fiber (8) in Step 4, the alternative measure is to enable the spare perforating gun (5) to prevent the outer casing optical fiber (8) from being misfired.

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