Growth-promoting stain-resistant rape seed pelleting agent as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural science and technology, and relates to a growth-promoting stain-resistant rape seed pelleting agent and a preparation method and application thereof, the pelleting agent comprises the following components by mass: 30-50% of an inert filler, 15-25% of a growth-promoting substance, 15-30% of a stain-resistant functional component, 8-15% of a bactericide and insecticide composition, and the balance of an adhesive; the pelleting agent can promote germination of rape seeds and growth of seedlings, and the stain-resistant functional component can significantly improve the stain resistance of the rape seeds and the seedlings; the bactericide and insecticide combination effectively prevents and treats diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage, reduces the pesticide consumption, improves the agronomic characters and quality of rape, does not affect the germination rate, improves the growth vigor in the seedling stage, and facilitates mechanical seeding; after the pelleting agent is used, the yield of the rape per mu can be increased by 8-15 kg, the net income is increased by 49.26-91.26 yuan, and the pelleting agent is simple in preparation process, low in cost and easy to popularize and use and has good economic benefits and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural science and technology, and particularly relates to a rapeseed seed pelletizing agent. Background Art

[0002] Rapeseed is an important cash crop and oil crop in the world, and is the main source of edible vegetable oil and plant protein. Rapeseed oil accounts for about 23.6% of my country's total edible oil supply. At present, my country's edible oil self-sufficiency rate is only about 30%. Therefore, the development of the oil industry plays an important role in boosting farmers' employment and ensuring national grain and oil security. The southern rice-growing areas are the main rapeseed producing areas in my country, but they are generally facing serious waterlogging and other problems. Flooding stress threatens 20% of the rapeseed planted area in my country, resulting in a 17%-42.4% reduction in rapeseed production.

[0003] The production and management of rapeseed seeds in China still needs to be improved, the seed market is not standardized, the seed technology content is low, the instability of rapeseed production, the non-standardization of scientific and technological guidance and the uncertainty of the use of improved varieties have affected the expansion of planting areas, the increase in total output and the improvement of variety quality. Seed pelleting is an effective way to achieve seed quality standardization, mechanization of processing, precision sowing, lightweight cultivation management, and increase income and reduce expenditure in agricultural production.

[0004] The research and application of seed coating agents abroad started earlier. In 1926, Thornton.Ganulee of the United States proposed the issue of seed pelleting. In the 1930s, the British Germains Seed Company first developed a drug for pelleting dryland crop seeds and quickly commercialized it, marking the beginning of the use of seed coating agents. BOROVKO et al. found that seed coating agents made of a single insecticide or fungicide have a certain control effect on various diseases and pests of spring rapeseed. Domestic research by Zhang Dengfeng et al. found that using three seed pelleting agents such as Weifu seed coating agent to pellet (mix seeds) rapeseed seeds can promote seedling growth and have a certain control effect on seedling diseases and pests and sclerotinia. Shi Shuling, Jiang Zhibao et al. found that 25% seed coating agent "Rapeseed No. 2" pelleted rapeseed seeds have a promoting effect on seedling growth and increasing unit area yield. Zhang Ying et al. found through field trials that 20% Duofu rapeseed seed coating agent can not only increase rapeseed yield, but also prevent and treat sclerotinia to a certain extent; Song Dean et al. found that ZSB-RP can promote early growth of rapeseed, improve rapeseed yield potential, and enhance rapeseed plant resistance to a variety of pathogens, and has a good aphid avoidance effect. Xiong Yuanfu et al. developed a pelletized rapeseed seed coating agent XYW-1, and the results showed that the seed coating agent has the effects of promoting the growth and development of rapeseed seedlings and effectively enhancing the resistance of plants to a variety of pathogens. Yang Dezheng et al. found that after the seeds were treated with 30% thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent, some economic traits were improved during the growth process, and the overall yield of rapeseed was finally increased. Due to the small size of rapeseed seeds, the film-forming property of traditional seed coating agents is poor, most of the ingredients of the agents are highly toxic, and have large toxic and side effects on rapeseed. Some of them also have a series of problems such as inhibiting seed germination, slow emergence, low emergence rate, and unobvious yield increase effect. Patent 202111226234.4 proposes a seed coating composition with improved waterlogging resistance, as well as its preparation method and application. By adding the nutrients malic acid or niacinamide to the basic seed coating agent and optimizing the dosage, it is used for rapeseed seed coating to significantly improve the emergence rate of rapeseed seeds under waterlogging conditions, thereby indirectly achieving the effect of waterlogging resistance.

[0005] BOROVKO L,SVARTA A.Seed treatment efficiency in spring rape[A].In:Metspalu L,Mitt S J.In Proceedings of the International Conference:Development of Environmentally Friendly Plant Protection in the BalticRegion,Tartu,Estonia[C].Aizkraukles:Skriveri Research Centre,LatviaUniversity of Agriculture,2002:16-19. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent, a preparation method and application thereof. By optimizing the formula design, growth-promoting ingredients and waterlogging-resistant functional substances are integrated to solve the problems of insufficient waterlogging resistance, single function and poor environmental friendliness in the prior art, thereby significantly improving the germination rate of rapeseed seeds under waterlogging conditions, the quality of seedling growth and the overall stress resistance.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0008] On the one hand, the present application provides a growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent, the components of which are as follows by mass percentage: 30-50% inert filler, 15-25% growth-promoting substance, 15-30% waterlogging-resistant functional component, 8-15% fungicide and insecticide combination, and the balance is adhesive.

[0009] Preferably, the inert filler comprises diatomaceous earth, talc and attapulgite powder, wherein the mass ratio of talc to attapulgite powder is 1:0.8-1.2:1.8-2.2, and the binder is methyl cellulose, which accounts for 1.5%-2.5% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent.

[0010] Preferably, the above-mentioned growth-promoting substances include brassinolide and paclobutrazol, wherein brassinolide accounts for 0.0005%-0.002% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent, controls plant height and promotes branching; paclobutrazol accounts for 0.03%-0.08% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent, enhances photosynthesis and improves grain fullness; the above-mentioned values ​​are all based on the proportion of the total mass of the pelletizing agent (the proportion within the non-growth-promoting substance component).

[0011] Preferably, the above-mentioned waterlogging resistance functional component comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate, melatonin, betaine, mannitol and glycine, wherein sodium dodecyl sulfate accounts for 0.01-0.05% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent, SDS enhances the uniformity of pelleting and improves the utilization rate of the agent; the mass concentration of melatonin is 50-150 μm / L, melatonin improves waterlogging resistance and reduces the risk of waterlogging damage and yield reduction; the mass concentration of betaine is 25-75 mg / L; mannitol accounts for 2.5%-10% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent; and glycine accounts for 0.05%-0.15% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent.

[0012] Preferably, the fungicide and insecticide combination comprises fluazinam, emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam, which reduce yield losses and insect pests, wherein fluazinam accounts for 0.05%-0.15% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent, emamectin benzoate accounts for 0.03%-0.08% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent, and thiamethoxam accounts for 0.3%-0.7% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent.

[0013] Furthermore, the components and proportions of the above-mentioned rapeseed seed pelletizing agent (by mass percentage) are:

[0014] Inert filler (30-50%): diatomaceous earth, talc, attapulgite powder (mass ratio 1:1:2);

[0015] Growth-promoting substances (15-25%): brassinolide 0.0005%-0.002% (based on the total mass of the pelletizing agent); paclobutrazol (0.03%-0.08%);

[0016] Anti-staining functional components (15-30%): sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS (0.01%-0.05%), melatonin (50μmol / L), betaine (50mg / L); glycine (0.05%-0.15%);

[0017] Fungicides and insecticides (8-15%): Fluazinam 0.05%-0.15%, Emamectin benzoate 0.03%-0.08%, Thiamethoxam 0.3%-0.7%.

[0018] Binder (balance): methyl cellulose 1.5%-2.5%.

[0019] In a second aspect, the preparation method of the above-mentioned growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent comprises the following steps:

[0020] Dissolve sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water to prepare a 0.01%-0.05% solution for later use; weigh glycine and dissolve it completely in 30-40°C warm water (accounting for 60% of the total water volume), stir at 300-500rpm for 5-10 minutes, and then adjust the pH to 6.8-7.2 (fine-tune with 0.1M NaOH / HCl) for later use;

[0021] (1) After the pre-dissolved methylcellulose and glycine solution are uniformly mixed, fluazinam, emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam are added in sequence and stirred evenly, then growth-promoting substances and anti-staining drugs are added, and finally, an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate is slowly added to avoid direct contact with glycine to induce flocculation, thereby obtaining a liquid phase system;

[0022] (2) sieving diatomaceous earth, talc and attapulgite powder and adding them into the liquid phase system to obtain a mixed system;

[0023] (3) Grinding the mixed system to a particle size of ≤50 μm to obtain a homogeneous pelletized agent.

[0024] Preferably, the above-mentioned stain resistance drugs are melatonin, betaine and mannitol.

[0025] In a third aspect, the above-mentioned growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent is used in the preparation of products that promote rapeseed growth and improve rapeseed waterlogging tolerance.

[0026] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a method for improving the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed, using the above-mentioned growth-promoting and waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent to treat rapeseed seeds.

[0027] Preferably, the dosage of the growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent is 2-3% of the seed mass. After pelletizing, the rapeseed seeds are placed in an oven at 35-40° C. and dried for 15-20 minutes.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The growth-promoting and waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed seed pelleting agent provided in the present application can significantly improve the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed: pelleting treatment can improve the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed, among which betaine and melatonin treatment have a more stable promoting effect on root development, and its root fresh weight is increased by 29.9-34.3%, and the root and stem thickness index is increased by 30.6% in Xiangzayou 787, and by 16.5% in Fanming oil stalk; the freezing injury index of Fanming oil stalk after melatonin pelleting treatment is lower than that of the control, among which the degree of freezing in melatonin (50μmol / L) treatment is less, and the proportion of grade 0 plants is 56.8% (25 / 44), and the freezing injury index is reduced by 50%; pelleting treatment can improve the disease resistance of rapeseed, among which the disease index of each treatment group of Xiangzayou 787 is (0.07-0.14) was significantly lower than the control CK (0.19), and the incidence rate (20.5%-48.1%) was 11.4%-39.0% lower than that of CK (59.5%). The disease index (0.06-0.16) of the Fanming oil sedge treatment group was also lower than that of CK (0.14), and the incidence rate (23.3%-51.1%) was slightly different from that of CK (46.1%). The direct regulatory effect of brassinolide and paclobutrazol promoted the development of seedling root system and enhanced nutrient absorption. Through the synergistic effect of waterlogging-resistant drugs (melatonin, betaine, mannitol), fungicides and insecticides, paclobutrazol, brassinolide, glycine and SDS, stress was alleviated, and the resistance to adversity increased production and improved quality. In field tests, the pelleting agent can significantly improve the waterlogging resistance of rapeseed, which fully verifies the practical value of the present invention. The biodegradable materials and low-toxic pesticides used have low soil residues.

[0030] 2. The pelleting agent provided in this application is cost-effective, has a small dosage and a simple preparation process, and has a low overall cost. Among them, the compound of melatonin (50 μmol / L), SDS (0.01%) and glycine (0.1%) is expected to have the highest yield increase potential, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of 91:1 (calculated based on a net increase of 49.26 yuan) for every 0.54 yuan of pelleting agent cost invested, or an expected return rate of 169:1 (calculated based on a net increase of 91.26 yuan), which is cost-effective. Through the pelleting agent formula, rapeseed can be increased by 8-15 kilograms per mu, achieving a net increase of 49.26-91.26 yuan. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a picture of rapeseed fields during the winter.

[0033] Figure 2This is a picture of field flooding in some communities taken on February 29, 2024.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the growth status of rapeseed under different treatments 20 days after sowing.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the difference in root growth between unpelletized seeds and rapeseed under different pelleting treatments under waterlogging conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following experimental examples are all conventional methods; the materials and reagents used are reagents and materials that can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Pelletizing agent components and ratios (by mass percentage):

[0040] Inert filler (30%): diatomaceous earth, talc, attapulgite powder (mass ratio 1:1:2);

[0041] Growth promoting substances (15%): brassinolide (0.001%); paclobutrazol (0.05%);

[0042] Soak-resistant functional components (15%): sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS (0.01%), melatonin (50 μmol / L), betaine (25 mg / L); mannitol (2.5%); glycine (0.1%);

[0043] Fungicides and insecticides (8%): ​​Fluazinam 0.1%, Emamectin benzoate 0.05%, Thiamethoxam 0.5%.

[0044] Binder (balance): methyl cellulose 1.8%;

[0045] Preparation method:

[0046] Step 1: Seed screening and weighing. Use seed screens with different mesh sizes and shapes to remove impurities in the seeds (mud, sand and gravel, foreign crop seeds, weed seeds and inanimate impurities, etc.), select large, full and neat high-quality seeds to improve seed quality;

[0047] Step 2: Dissolve SDS in water to prepare a 0.01% solution for later use; weigh glycine and dissolve it completely with 30°C warm water (accounting for 60% of the total water volume), stir at 300 rpm for 5 minutes, then adjust the pH to 6.8 (fine-tune with 0.1M NaOH / HCl) for later use;

[0048] Step 3: Mix the pre-dissolved methylcellulose (1.8%) with the glycine solution, stir at a low speed (200 rpm), add fungicides / insecticides (fluazinam, emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam) in sequence, stir for 10 minutes, then add plant growth regulators (paclobutrazol 0.05%) and anti-staining drugs (melatonin, betaine, mannitol), and finally slowly add SDS (0.01%) to avoid direct contact with glycine to induce flocculation;

[0049] Step 4: blending the inert filler, diatomaceous earth, talc, and attapulgite powder (1:1:2) were sieved (80 mesh) three times and added into the liquid phase;

[0050] Step 5: Mix with an inert filler and grind to a particle size of ≤50 μm to obtain a homogeneous pelletized suspension.

[0051] Step 6: Pellet 2% of the seed mass.

[0052] Step 7: After pelleting, place the seeds in an oven at 35°C to dry for 15 minutes.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Pelletizing agent components and ratios (by mass percentage):

[0055] Inert filler (50%): diatomaceous earth, talc, attapulgite powder (mass ratio 1:1:2);

[0056] Growth promoting substances (25%): brassinolide (0.001%); paclobutrazol (0.05%);

[0057] Soak-resistant functional components (30%): sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS (0.01%), melatonin (50 μmol / L), betaine (25 mg / L); mannitol (2.5%); glycine (0.2%);

[0058] Fungicides and insecticides (15%): Fluazinam 0.1%, Emamectin benzoate 0.05%, Thiamethoxam 0.5%;

[0059] Binder (balance): methyl cellulose 1.8%;

[0060] Preparation method:

[0061] Step 1: Seed screening and weighing. Use seed screens with different mesh sizes and shapes to remove impurities in the seeds (mud, sand and gravel, foreign crop seeds, weed seeds and inanimate impurities, etc.), select large, full and neat high-quality seeds to improve seed quality;

[0062] Step 2: Dissolve SDS in water to prepare a 0.05% solution for later use; weigh glycine and dissolve it completely in 40°C warm water (accounting for 60% of the total water volume), stir at 500 rpm for 10 minutes, then adjust the pH to 7.2 (fine-tune with 0.1M NaOH / HCl) for later use;

[0063] Step 3: Mix the pre-dissolved methylcellulose (1.8%) with the glycine solution, stir at a low speed (200 rpm), add fungicides / insecticides (fluazinam, emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam) in sequence, stir for 10 minutes, then add plant growth regulators (paclobutrazol 0.05%) and anti-staining drugs (melatonin, betaine, mannitol), and finally slowly add SDS (0.01%) to avoid direct contact with glycine to induce flocculation;

[0064] Step 4: blending the inert filler, diatomaceous earth, talc, and attapulgite powder (1:1:2) were sieved (80 mesh) three times and added into the liquid phase;

[0065] Step 5: Mix with an inert filler and grind to a particle size of ≤50 μm to obtain a homogeneous pelletized suspension.

[0066] Step 6: Pellet 3% of the seed mass.

[0067] Step 7: After pelleting, place the seeds in an oven at 40°C to dry for 20 minutes.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] Pelletizing agent components and ratios (by mass percentage):

[0070] Inert filler (40%): diatomaceous earth, talc, attapulgite powder (mass ratio 1:1:2);

[0071] Growth promoting substances (20%): brassinolide (0.001%); paclobutrazol (0.05%);

[0072] Soak-resistant functional components (20%): sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 0.01%, melatonin (50 μmol / L), betaine (50 mg / L); mannitol (2.5%); glycine (0.15%);

[0073] Fungicides and insecticides (10%): Fluazinam 0.1%, Emamectin benzoate 0.05%, Thiamethoxam 0.5%;

[0074] Binder (balance): methyl cellulose 1.8%;

[0075] Preparation method:

[0076] Step 1: Seed screening and weighing. Use seed screens with different mesh sizes and shapes to remove impurities in the seeds (mud, sand and gravel, foreign crop seeds, weed seeds and inanimate impurities, etc.), select large, full and neat high-quality seeds to improve seed quality;

[0077] Step 2: Dissolve SDS in water to prepare a 0.03% solution for later use; weigh glycine and dissolve it completely in 35°C warm water (accounting for 60% of the total water volume), stir at 400 rpm for 7 minutes, then adjust the pH to 7 (fine-tune with 0.1M NaOH / HCl) for later use;

[0078] Step 3: Mix the pre-dissolved methylcellulose (1.8%) with the glycine solution, stir at a low speed (200 rpm), add fungicides / insecticides (fluazinam, emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam) in sequence, stir for 10 minutes, then add plant growth regulators (paclobutrazol 0.05%) and anti-staining drugs (melatonin, betaine, mannitol), and finally slowly add SDS (0.01%) to avoid direct contact with glycine to induce flocculation;

[0079] Step 4: blending the inert filler, diatomaceous earth, talc, and attapulgite powder (1:1:2) were sieved (80 mesh) three times and added into the liquid phase;

[0080] Step 5: Mix with an inert filler and grind to a particle size of ≤50 μm to obtain a homogeneous pelletized suspension.

[0081] Step 6: Pellet 2.5% of the seed mass.

[0082] Step 7: After pelleting, the seeds were placed in a 37°C oven to dry for 18 minutes.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the pelletizing agent component and the proportion (by mass percentage) are as follows: the concentration of melatonin in the stain-resistant functional component is 100 μmol / L.

[0085] Comparative Example 2

[0086] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the pilling agent component and the proportion (by mass percentage) are as follows: the concentration of melatonin in the stain-resistant functional component is 150 μmol / L.

[0087] Comparative Example 3

[0088] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the pelletizing agent component and the proportion (by mass percentage) are as follows: the concentration of betaine in the stain-resistant functional component is 50 μmol / L.

[0089] Comparative Example 4

[0090] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the pelletizing agent components and proportions (by mass percentage) are as follows: the concentration of betaine in the stain-resistant functional component is 75 μmol / L.

[0091] Comparative Example 5

[0092] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the pilling agent components and proportions (by mass percentage) are as follows: the concentration of mannitol in the stain-resistant functional component is 5%.

[0093] Comparative Example 6

[0094] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the pilling agent components and proportions (by mass percentage) are as follows: the concentration of mannitol in the stain-resistant functional component is 10%.

[0095] Comparative Example 7

[0096] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the pelletizing agent components and proportions (by mass percentage) are as follows: the stain-resistant functional component is sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS (0.01%), melatonin (50 μmol / L), and glycine (0.1%).

[0097] Comparative Example 8

[0098] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the pelletizing agent components and proportions (by mass percentage) are as follows: the stain-resistant functional component is sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS (0.01%) and melatonin (50 μmol / L).

[0099] Comparative Example 9

[0100] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the pelletizing agent components and proportions (by mass percentage) are as follows: the stain-resistant functional components are melatonin (50 μmol / L) and glycine (0.1%).

[0101] Implementation effect example 1

[0102] Test materials: Xiangza oil 787, Fanming oil sedge

[0103] Experimental treatment: The materials were sown on October 10, 2023. A hybrid and a conventional material were selected and pelleted for treatment 1 with different concentrations of melatonin (50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 150μmol / L), treatment 2 with different concentrations of betaine (25mg / L, 50mg / L, 75mg / L), and treatment 3 with different concentrations of mannitol (2.5%, 5%, 10%). The seeds were pelleted with a self-developed rapeseed seed dressing agent, and the unpelletized seeds were used as the control.

[0104] Instruments: seed pelletizer, magnetic heating stirrer, electronic scale, glass rod, beaker, weighing paper, small spoon;

[0105] Seed pelleting ingredients: inert fillers (diatomaceous earth, talc, attapulgite powder), binder (methyl cellulose);

[0106] Fungicides and insecticides (fluazinam, emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam), plant growth regulators (paclobutrazol), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), glycine (0.1%-0.2%), waterlogging resistance drugs (different concentrations of melatonin, mannitol, betaine), anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS concentration 0.01%), glycine (0.1%-0.2%).

[0107] (Note: It takes a certain amount of time for the pelletized seeds to absorb water and soften the pelletized material.)

[0108] 1. Effects of different pelletized seed treatments on rapeseed seedling growth: When rapeseed was at the 3-4 leaf stage, 3 rapeseed plants were taken from each plot, the seedlings were gently dug out of the soil, the roots were gently rinsed with water, and the root length, plant height, petiole length of the largest leaf, leaf length and leaf width of the two groups were measured with a ruler. The roots were wiped dry with absorbent paper, and the fresh weight of the roots and the fresh weight of the aboveground parts were weighed with an analytical balance. Then the plants were sterilized at 105℃ for 30 minutes, dried at 65℃ to constant weight, and the dry weight of the roots and the fresh weight of the aboveground parts were weighed.

[0109] Table 1 Investigation on characteristics of rapeseed seedlings under different seed pelleting treatments

[0110]

[0111] Note: No. 1, 2, 3 are pelletized melatonin (50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 150μmol / L), No. 4, 5, 6 are pelletized betaine (25mg / L, 50mg / L, 75mg / L), No. 7, 8, 9 are pelletized mannitol (2.5%, 5%, 10%), and the other pelletized components and concentrations are consistent. The data in the table are the mean ± standard deviation of 5 rapeseed plants in each plot, and different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0112] As shown in Table 1, pelleting treatment can improve rapeseed's tolerance to waterlogging, and rapeseed treated with melatonin (50 μmol / L) in No. 1 grew better. Among them, betaine 25 mg / L and melatonin 50 μmol / L treatments were significantly better than the control in most indicators (P<0.05), and the effect of promoting root development was more stable, with root fresh weight increased by 29.9-34.3%, and rhizome thickness increased by 30.6% in Xiangzayou 787, while Fanmingyoucai only increased by 16.5%.

[0113] Figure 1 This is a field picture of rapeseed during the winter. Figure 1 It can be seen that under waterlogging conditions, the rapeseed after different treatments gradually turned yellow, the color became lighter and redder, the leaves became thin and soft, and even curled.

[0114] 2. Agronomic traits survey before winter

[0115] On December 28, 2023, three rapeseed plants were selected from each plot, the number of green leaves on the main stem and the total number of leaves on the main stem were counted, and the length, width, plant height and rhizome diameter of the largest leaf were measured. The effects of their agronomic traits are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0116] Table 2 Investigation of agronomic traits before winter under waterlogging treatment after seed pelleting

[0117]

[0118] Note: No. 1, 2, 3 are pelletized melatonin (50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 150μmol / L), No. 4, 5, 6 are pelletized betaine (25mg / L, 50mg / L, 75mg / L), No. 7, 8, 9 are pelletized mannitol (2.5%, 5%, 10%), and the other pelletized components and concentrations are consistent. The data in the table are the mean ± standard deviation of 5 rapeseed plants in each plot, and different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0119] As shown in Table 2, seed pelleting can improve waterlogging tolerance and promote rapeseed growth to a certain extent. The treatment with melatonin (50 μmol / L) No. 1 can significantly increase the root and stem diameter (Xiangzayou 787 increased by 54.5%, and Fanmingyoutai increased by 82.8%).

[0120] 3. Frost damage investigation

[0121] On February 27, 2024, a frost damage survey was conducted on rapeseed in each plot, and a 5-level frost damage index evaluation method was established based on the morphological characteristics of the frozen rapeseed:

[0122] Level 0: the plant is normal and not damaged by frost;

[0123] Level 1: only a few large leaves are affected, and the affected leaves are partially shrunken and grayish white;

[0124] Level 2: Half of the leaves are affected, and the affected leaves are partially or mostly atrophied, but the heart leaves are normal;

[0125] Level 3: Most of the leaves are damaged, and some or most of the damaged leaves are shrunken, while the heart leaves are normal or slightly damaged;

[0126] Level 4: All large leaves and heart leaves are damaged by frost and tend to die. The frost damage index is calculated according to the following formula.

[0127]

[0128] Where: S1, S2, S3, S4 are the numbers of rapeseed plants showing 1-4 level frost damage.

[0129] Table 3 Investigation results of frost damage under waterlogging treatment after seed pelleting

[0130]

[0131] Note: No. 1, 2, 3 are pelletized melatonin (50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 150μmol / L), No. 4, 5, 6 are pelletized betaine (25mg / L, 50mg / L, 75mg / L), No. 7, 8, 9 are pelletized mannitol (2.5%, 5%, 10%), and the other pelletized components and concentrations are consistent. The data in the table are the mean ± standard deviation of 5 rapeseed plants in each plot, and different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0132] As shown in Table 3, compared with the control, the melatonin 50μmol / L treatment reduced the freezing damage index of Xiangzayou 787 by 90.9%, and the proportion of grade 0 plants reached 96.2%, which was the best antifreeze scheme. Compared with the control, the freezing damage index of Fanmingyou stalk pelleting treatment with melatonin was lower than that of the control, among which the degree of freezing was less in the melatonin (50μmol / L) treatment, and the proportion of grade 0 plants was 56.8% (25 / 44), and the freezing damage index was reduced by 50%.

[0133] Figure 2 This is a picture of flooding in some fields in the community taken on February 29, 2024. Figure 2 It can be seen that under the waterlogging treatment, the rapeseed plants are short, the flowering period is delayed, and only some of them bloom. Waterlogging seriously affects the growth of rapeseed.

[0134] 4. Waterlogging survey

[0135] On February 27, 2024, a waterlogging survey was conducted on rapeseed in each plot, and a 5-level waterlogging index evaluation method was established based on the morphological characteristics of waterlogged rapeseed:

[0136] Level 0, normal plant growth, no symptoms;

[0137] Level 1: 1 / 3 of the leaves of the whole plant have outer leaves that turn red, the heart leaves are not wrinkled, and the seedlings are basically normal;

[0138] Level 2: 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the leaves on the whole plant turn red or yellow, or less than 1 / 3 of the leaves shrink or partially die, the heart leaves begin to shrink, and the seedlings are slightly stunted;

[0139] Level 3: 2 / 3 of the leaves on the whole plant turn yellow, or 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the leaves shrink or partially die, the heart leaves stop growing, and the seedlings are significantly shrunk;

[0140] Level 4: The whole plant is wrinkled or the number of leaves partially dead reaches more than 2 / 3, the plant growth is stagnant, and it is close to death or dead.

[0141] Table 4 Results of waterlogging investigation under waterlogging treatment after seed pelleting

[0142]

[0143] Note: No. 1, 2, 3 are pelletized melatonin (50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 150μmol / L), No. 4, 5, 6 are pelletized betaine (25mg / L, 50mg / L, 75mg / L), No. 7, 8, 9 are pelletized mannitol (2.5%, 5%, 10%), and the other pelletized components and concentrations are consistent. The data in the table are the mean ± standard deviation of 5 rapeseed plants in each plot, and different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0144] As shown in Table 4, pelleting treatment can improve rapeseed's waterlogging tolerance, among which the No. 1 melatonin (50 μmol / L) treatment increased by 6.4% compared with CK.

[0145] 5. Disease investigation

[0146] On April 9, 2024, a disease survey was conducted on rapeseed in each plot, and a 5-level waterlogging index evaluation method was established based on the morphological characteristics of diseased rapeseed:

[0147] Level 0, normal plant growth, no symptoms;

[0148] Level 1: less than 33.33% of the plants have disease spots, and less than 25% of the siliques are affected;

[0149] Level 2: 33.33%-66.67% of the whole plant is diseased, and the number of affected siliques reaches 25%-50%;

[0150] Level 3: more than 66.67% of the whole plant is diseased, and the number of affected siliques reaches 50%-75%;

[0151] Level 4: The whole plant is diseased, with no harvest or very few siliques. The disease index and plant incidence rate are calculated according to the following formula.

[0152]

[0153] Plant morbidity rate = (number of infected plants / total number of plants surveyed) × 100%

[0154] Table 5 Disease survey results of seeds pelleted after waterlogging treatment

[0155]

[0156] Note: No. 1, 2, 3 are pelletized melatonin (50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 150μmol / L), No. 4, 5, 6 are pelletized betaine (25mg / L, 50mg / L, 75mg / L), No. 7, 8, 9 are pelletized mannitol (2.5%, 5%, 10%), and the other pelletized components and concentrations are consistent. The data in the table are the mean ± standard deviation of 5 rapeseed plants in each plot, and different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0157] As shown in Table 5, pelleting treatment can improve the disease resistance of rapeseed, among which the disease index (0.07-0.14) of each treatment group of Xiangzayou 787 was significantly lower than that of the control CK (0.19), and the incidence rate (20.5%-48.1%) was 11.4%-39.0% lower than that of CK (59.5%). The disease index (0.06-0.16) of the Fanming oil sedge treatment group was also lower than that of CK (0.14), and the incidence rate (23.3%-51.1%) was slightly different from that of CK (46.1%).

[0158] Table 6 Investigation results of harvest characteristics under waterlogging treatment after seed pelleting

[0159]

[0160] Table 7 Investigation results of harvest characteristics under waterlogging treatment after seed pelleting

[0161]

[0162] Note: No. 1, 2, 3 are pelletized melatonin (50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 150μmol / L), No. 4, 5, 6 are pelletized betaine (25mg / L, 50mg / L, 75mg / L), No. 7, 8, 9 are pelletized mannitol (2.5%, 5%, 10%), and the other pelletized components and concentrations are consistent. The data in the table are the mean ± standard deviation of 5 rapeseed plants in each plot, and different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0163] As shown in Tables 6 and 7, the results showed that pelleting treatment could increase the effective branch height, number of effective branches at one time, yield per plant, silique length, and number of siliques of rapeseed plants. The yield per plant of Xiangyou 787 increased by about 2.3%-10.2%, and the yield per plant of Fanming oilseed rape increased by 24.6%-35.6%. Among them, the pelleting effect of No. 1 melatonin (50 μmol / L) treatment was better.

[0164] 6. Quality analysis during harvest

[0165] Table 8 Analysis of rapeseed seed quality under waterlogging treatment after seed pelleting

[0166]

[0167] Note: No. 1, 2, 3 are pelletized melatonin (50μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 150μmol / L), No. 4, 5, 6 are pelletized betaine (25mg / L, 50mg / L, 75mg / L), No. 7, 8, 9 are pelletized mannitol (2.5%, 5%, 10%), and the other pelletized components and concentrations are consistent. The data in the table are the mean ± standard deviation of 5 rapeseed plants in each plot, and different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0168] As shown in Table 8, different pelleting treatments have a certain impact on rapeseed seed quality. The treatment with melatonin (50 μmol / L) No. 1 made Xiangzayou 787 fully meet the double low standards (erucic acid 0.98% + glucosinolate 17.78 μmol / g); it also increased the protein content of Fanming oil stalk by 20.37%, with the best comprehensive benefit.

[0169] The results showed that under waterlogging conditions, adding melatonin at a concentration of 50 μmol / L to the pellet formula can promote rapeseed growth, improve the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed seeds and seedlings, reduce the impact of waterlogging on rapeseed growth, effectively prevent and control rapeseed seedling pests and diseases, and reduce the use of pesticides. At the same time, it improves the appearance of rapeseed seeds, reduces the amount of seeds used, improves the growth of seedlings, and facilitates mechanized sowing.

[0170] Implementation effect example 2

[0171] This implementation example further optimizes the formula, and adds anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS (0.01%) and glycine (0.1%). Select Xiang Zayou 787 as the test material, and under waterlogging conditions, pelleting treatment A is compounded with melatonin (50μmol / L) and SDS (0.01%-0.05%); treatment B is compounded with melatonin (50μmol / L) and glycine (0.05%-0.15%), and treatment C is compounded with melatonin (50μmol / L), SDS (0.01%-0.05%) and glycine (0.05%-0.15%). The self-developed rapeseed seed dressing agent is used for pelleting treatment, and the unpelletized seeds grown under normal conditions are used as the control CK1, and the unpelletized seeds grown under waterlogging conditions are used as the control CK2. After 20 days of sowing, 5 plants are taken from each treatment for dry and fresh weight investigation.

[0172] Figure 3 The growth status of the five treatments 20 days after sowing. Figure 3 It can be seen that under waterlogging conditions, the combined treatment significantly improved the impact of waterlogging.

[0173] Table 9 Comparison of dry and fresh weights treated with different pelleting agents

[0174]

[0175] As shown in Table 9, under waterlogging conditions, the composite treatments significantly improved the effects of waterlogging, with the aboveground fresh weight of treatment (C) increasing by 14.8% / 6.8% compared with the single-component treatments (A / B), indicating that the formulas have synergistic effects and can alleviate waterlogging losses to the greatest extent.

[0176] Agronomic traits survey before winter:

[0177] On January 14, 2025, 5 rapeseed plants were selected from each plot, the number of green leaves on the main stem and the total number of leaves on the main stem were counted, and the length, width, plant height and rhizome diameter of the largest leaf were measured.

[0178] Figure 4 Figure 2 shows the difference in root growth between unpelletized seeds and rapeseed seeds with different pelletization treatments under waterlogging conditions. From left to right, they are CK2, treatment A, treatment B, and treatment C. Figure 4 It can be seen that the rapeseed roots after different treatments are more developed, with abundant root hairs and relatively thick rhizomes, while the rapeseed roots in the control group become thin and weak, with reduced number of root hairs, and even root rot, especially the root tips, which are more susceptible to hypoxia and necrosis.

[0179] Table 10 Survey results of agronomic traits during wintering

[0180]

[0181] Note: The data in the table are the mean ± standard deviation of 5 rapeseed plants in each plot. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0182] As shown in Table 10, under waterlogging conditions, the number of green leaves on the main stem of treatment C increased by 23% compared with CK2, and treatment A performed best in leaf length index; the root stem diameter of treatments B and C increased by 75% compared with CK2. In terms of leaf width index, treatments A and B were significantly higher than CK2 and C, and treatment C had the smallest leaf width, which may be related to the nutritional competition caused by the increase in the total number of leaves on the main stem of treatment C; and treatment C performed best in stem development (the total number of leaves on the main stem increased by 31%) and plant height (increased by 48%).

[0183] Implementation effect example 3

[0184] 1. Seed dosage: 250 g / mu

[0185] 2. Pelletizing agent addition ratio: 2% of seed weight (i.e. 5g pelletizing agent / mu)

[0186] 3. Original formula cost estimate (based on average market price)

[0187] 4. Production parameters and labor cost setting

[0188] Worker efficiency:

[0189] One worker can produce 100 kg of pelleted seeds per day (8 hours per day, 18.75 kg per hour);

[0190] Daily wage: Temporary workers receive around 200 yuan per day.

[0191] Labor cost allocation:

[0192] Labor cost per kilogram of pelletized seeds = 200 yuan ÷ 100 kg = 2.0 yuan / kg;

[0193] Table 11 Cost budget

[0194]

[0195] Gain and revenue estimation

[0196] Assuming that the control (CK) without pelleting agent is 118 kg per mu in Hunan Province (refer to the data of National Bureau of Statistics);

[0197] Rapeseed price: calculated based on the market price of 6 yuan / kg;

[0198] Cost of pelletizing agent: As shown in Table 11, the cost of the optimized formula is 0.54 yuan per mu.

[0199] The gains are as follows: comprehensive output increase: output increased by about 10.2%.

[0200] Table 12 Gain estimation

[0201]

[0202] In this pelleting agent, the growth-promoting component paclobutrazol (0.05%) controls plant height and promotes branching, while brassinolide (0.001%) enhances photosynthesis and improves grain plumpness. Fluazinam and thiamethoxam reduce yield losses and reduce insect pests. In terms of stress resistance and synergy, SDS (0.01%) enhances pelleting uniformity and improves the utilization rate of the agent; melatonin improves waterlogging resistance and reduces the risk of yield reduction due to waterlogging. Treatment C melatonin (50μmol / L), SDS (0.01%) and glycine (0.1%) are expected to have the highest yield increase potential, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of 91:1 (based on a net increase of 49.26 yuan in income) for every 0.54 yuan of pelleting agent investment, or an expected return rate of 169:1 (based on a net increase of 91.26 yuan in income), which is cost-effective. Through the pelletizing agent formula, rapeseed yield can be increased by 8-15 kg per mu, and net income can be increased by 49.26-91.26 yuan (Table 12).

[0203] in conclusion

[0204] Rapeseed is an important oil crop in my country, but it is susceptible to waterlogging stress during sowing and seedling stages, leading to problems such as seed rot, low germination rate, and weak seedling root system, which seriously affect yield. Traditional pelleting agents mostly focus on disease and pest control, and have limited effects on alleviating waterlogging and promoting growth. At the same time, the existing pelleting agents have a single ingredient, and it is difficult to synergistically improve seed stress resistance, root development, and nutrient absorption efficiency. In response to the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-effect seed pelleting agent that has the functions of promoting growth, tolerance to waterlogging, disease resistance, insect prevention, and nutritional enhancement, aiming to improve the growth of rapeseed in a waterlogged environment, the robustness of seedlings, and the final yield. The results of formula optimization showed that under waterlogging conditions, the treatment C formula contained (inert filler diatomaceous earth, talc, attapulgite powder 1:0.8-1.2:1.8-2.2, adhesive methyl cellulose 1.5%-2.5%, fungicide and insecticide fluazinam 0.05%-0.15%, emamectin benzoate 0.03%-0.08%, thiamethoxam 0.3%-0.7%, plant growth regulator paclobutrazol 0.03%- The composite pelleting agent of 0.08%, 0.0005%-0.002% of growth-promoting drug brassinolide, 50 μmol / L of melatonin, SDS (0.01%-0.05%) and glycine 0.05%-0.15%) has the best effect. After planting the rapeseed seeds prepared by the seed pelleting agent and the pelleting method provided by the present invention, it has a significant effect on improving the waterlogging resistance of rapeseed seeds and seedlings, and can reduce the impact of waterlogging on the growth of rapeseed. The fungicide and insecticide in the pelleting agent can effectively prevent and control rapeseed seedling pests and diseases, reduce the amount of pesticides used, and the glycine in the pelleting agent can also promote seedling growth, make the roots stronger, improve the appearance of rapeseed seeds, reduce the amount of seeds used, do not affect the germination rate and improve the growth of the seedling stage, improve the agronomic traits and quality of rapeseed, and thus increase the yield and economic benefits of rapeseed.

[0205] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent, characterized in that: The pelletizing agent comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30-50% of inert filler, 15-25% of growth-promoting substance, 15-30% of stain-resistant functional component, 8-15% of fungicide and insecticide combination, and the balance is adhesive.

2. The growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inert filler comprises diatomaceous earth, talc and attapulgite powder, wherein the mass ratio of diatomaceous earth, talc and attapulgite powder is 1:0.8-1.2:1.8-2.2; The binder is methyl cellulose, and the methyl cellulose accounts for 1.5%-2.5% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent.

3. The growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The growth-promoting substance comprises brassinolide and paclobutrazol, wherein brassinolide accounts for 0.0005%-0.002% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent, and paclobutrazol accounts for 0.03%-0.08% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent.

4. The growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stain-resistant functional component comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate, melatonin, betaine, mannitol and glycine, wherein the sodium dodecyl sulfate accounts for 0.01-0.05% of the total mass of the pelletizer, the mass concentration of melatonin is 50-150 μm / L, the mass concentration of betaine is 25-75 mg / L, mannitol accounts for 2.5%-10% of the total mass of the pelletizer, and glycine accounts for 0.05%-0.15% of the total mass of the pelletizer.

5. The growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fungicide and insecticide combination comprises fluazinam, emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam, wherein fluazinam accounts for 0.05%-0.15% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent, emamectin benzoate accounts for 0.03%-0.08% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent, and thiamethoxam accounts for 0.3%-0.7% of the total mass of the pelletizing agent.

6. The method for preparing the growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Here are the steps: (1) After the pre-dissolved methylcellulose and glycine solution are evenly mixed, fluazinam, emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam are added in sequence and stirred evenly, then growth promoting substances and anti-staining drugs are added, and finally, an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate is slowly added to obtain a liquid phase system; (2) sieving diatomaceous earth, talc and attapulgite powder and adding them into the liquid phase system to obtain a mixed system; (3) Grind the mixed system to a particle size of ≤50 μm to obtain a homogeneous pelletizing agent.

7. The method for preparing the growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelleting agent according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anti-staining drugs are melatonin, betaine and mannitol.

8. Use of the growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the preparation of products for promoting rapeseed growth and improving rapeseed waterlogging tolerance.

9. A method for improving the waterlogging resistance of rapeseed, characterized in that: The growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelleting agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used to treat rapeseed seeds.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The dosage of the growth-promoting and waterlogging-resistant rapeseed seed pelletizing agent is 2-3% of the seed mass.

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