Water conservancy construction drainage device

Abstract

The water conservancy construction drainage device comprises a slag collecting cylinder, an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a connecting cylinder, the inner cylinder is fixed to the top of the inner wall of the outer cylinder and coaxially arranged, the connecting cylinder is a circular truncated cone cavity and fixed to the bottom of the outer cylinder, the connecting cylinder is fixed to the top of the slag collecting cylinder, and spiral flow guide fins are arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder; a fixing ring is fixedly connected to the position, close to the top, of the surface of the outer cylinder, a water inlet is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing ring and is of a gradually-shrunk flow guide structure, one end of the water inlet extends into the outer cylinder in the tangential direction, and the bottom of the isolation cylinder communicates with a filter cylinder which is obliquely installed at the bottom of the isolation cylinder. One side in the filter cartridge is communicated with a sand collecting box, and a plurality of layers of self-adaptive filter screens are arranged in the filter cartridge. The drainage device for water conservancy construction relates to the technical field of water conservancy drainage, and can reduce blockage of the filter screen, improve the filtering effect, prevent fine silt from entering the pump body and ensure smooth drainage at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy drainage, in particular to a water conservancy construction drainage device. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of water conservancy projects, drainage is a key link to ensure the progress and safety of the project. However, there are some problems in the actual use of existing drainage devices: the construction environment often contains impurities such as mud, gravel, etc. When it rains heavily or when discharging sewage, mud, gravel and other impurities will flow into the drainage device with the water flow, and the filter screen in the drainage device is easily blocked, resulting in reduced drainage efficiency. At the same time, sewage that cannot be discharged in time will also affect the environment on site; in addition, the filter screen in the drainage device can generally only intercept large particles, and fine mud and sand will still enter the pump body, causing wear or clogging of the pipeline, shortening the life of the equipment; in order to solve the problem of filter blockage, the existing drainage device is equipped with a cleaning brush or vibration mechanism that relies on a motor to drive it, which not only increases energy consumption, but also has a complex mechanical structure that is prone to failure and high maintenance costs. In addition, film items such as packaging bags are prone to appear on the construction site, which will flow into the water inlet of the drainage device with the water flow, causing the drainage device to fail to work normally. The above problems frequently occur in existing drainage devices, causing some troubles during use and affecting normal production progress. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the drainage device in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0003] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a water conservancy construction drainage device, which can reduce the blockage of the filter screen, improve the filtering effect, prevent fine sediment from entering the pump body, and ensure smooth drainage.

[0005] (II) Technical solution

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a water conservancy construction drainage device, including a slag collecting cylinder, an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a connecting cylinder, the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are truncated cone cavities and are inverted, the inner cylinder is fixed to the top of the inner wall of the outer cylinder and is coaxially arranged, the connecting cylinder is a truncated cone cavity and is fixed to the bottom of the outer cylinder, the connecting cylinder is fixed to the top of the slag collecting cylinder, the inner wall of the outer cylinder is provided with spiral guide ribs, the surface of the outer cylinder and near the top is fixedly connected with a fixing ring, the top of the fixing ring is fixedly connected with a water inlet, the water inlet adopts a tapered guide structure, one end of the water inlet extends tangentially to the inside of the outer cylinder, a guide plate is also rotatably connected to the water inlet, and the inside of the inner cylinder A driving device is provided for driving the guide plate to rotate, and the rotation of the guide plate changes the width of the water outlet at the end of the water inlet. A support frame 1 and a support frame 2 are sequentially arranged in the slag collecting cylinder from top to bottom, an isolation cylinder is arranged in the center of the support frame 1, and the bottom of the isolation cylinder is connected to a filter cylinder, and the filter cylinder is obliquely installed at the bottom of the isolation cylinder, and one side of the filter cylinder is connected to a sand collecting box, and a multi-layer adaptive filter screen is arranged in the filter cylinder, and one side of the adaptive filter screen extends into the sand collecting box, and a hydraulic self-driven cleaning device is arranged on the surface of the adaptive filter screen, and a backwashing device is arranged at the bottom of the adaptive filter screen, and the bottom of the filter cylinder is connected to a confluence cylinder, and the bottom end of the confluence cylinder is connected to a drain pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the top of the fixing ring is also fixedly connected to an annular grille, the top of the annular grille is provided with a protective cylinder cover for preventing water from entering the water inlet, the interior of the inner cylinder is provided with a lifting structure for driving the protective cylinder cover to rise and fall, and the inner wall of the protective cylinder cover is slidably connected to the surface of the annular grille.

[0008] Preferably, the hydraulic self-driven cleaning device includes a brush shaft, a cleaning brush, turbine blades and a driving shaft. A support frame is provided on the inner wall of the filter cylinder and at the bottom of the bottom adaptive filter screen. The bottom end of the brush shaft is rotatably connected to the support frame. The brush shaft is coaxially arranged with the filter cylinder. The cleaning brush is fixed on the surface of the brush shaft and the bristles are in contact with the surface of the adaptive filter screen. The driving shaft is arranged in an isolation cylinder. The turbine blades are fixed on the top end of the driving shaft. A cross coupling is fixedly connected between the bottom end of the driving shaft and the brush shaft.

[0009] Preferably, a conical filter is fixedly connected to the interior of the isolation cylinder and below the turbine blades, a guide is fixedly connected to the top of the isolation cylinder, the guide is trumpet-shaped, a cross support frame is fixedly connected to the center of the guide, and the drive shaft is rotatably connected to the support frame and the center of the conical filter.

[0010] Preferably, the backwashing device includes a flushing pipe, a collecting pipe and a flushing pump. The flushing pipe is arranged below each adaptive filter screen. The side of the flushing pipe is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the filter cartridge through a connecting rod. The flushing pump is fixed on the top side of the drain pipe. An inlet pipe is connected between the inlet end of the flushing pump and the drain pipe. One end of a plurality of flushing pipes is connected to the collecting pipe. An outlet pipe is connected between the outlet end of the flushing pump and the collecting pipe. An electromagnetic valve is arranged on the surface of the water inlet pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the driving device includes a connecting shaft, a gear ring and a driving motor, the connecting shaft is fixed on one side of the guide plate, the top of the connecting shaft extends to the top of the outer cylinder and is fixedly connected to the first gear, the bottom of the gear ring is fixedly connected to a guide ring, the guide ring is rotatably connected to the top of the outer cylinder, the outer wall of the gear ring is meshingly connected to the first gear, the driving motor is fixed to the top of the inner wall of the inner cylinder, the output shaft end of the driving motor extends to the top of the outer cylinder and is fixedly connected to the second gear, and the second gear is meshingly connected to the inner wall of the gear ring.

[0012] Preferably, the lifting structure includes a fixed plate, an electric telescopic rod and a controller, the fixed plate is horizontally fixed in the inner cylinder, the electric telescopic rod and the controller are fixed on the top of the fixed plate, the working end of the electric telescopic rod is vertically fixedly connected to a support rod, the top end of the support rod extends to the top of the outer cylinder and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the protective cylinder cover, the bottom of the protective cylinder cover is also vertically fixedly connected to a guide rod, a water level sensor is provided on one side of the protective cylinder cover, and an anti-slip hook is also fixedly connected to the side of the protective cylinder cover.

[0013] Preferably, the adaptive filter comprises a circular plate, a perforation is provided at the center of the circular plate, a baffle is fixedly connected to one side of the circular plate, the baffle and the circular plate are an integral structure, filter holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the circular plate, the surface of the circular plate is covered with a filter pad, a protrusion extending into the filter hole is provided at the bottom of the filter pad and located at the filter hole, the protrusion is in the shape of a trumpet, and the protrusion is deformed by water flow pressure.

[0014] Preferably, a sand discharge cover is provided on one side of the sand collecting box, and a slag discharge cover is provided on one side of the slag collecting barrel.

[0015] Preferably, one end of the drain pipe extends to the outside of the slag collecting barrel and is connected to a valve.

[0016] (III) Beneficial effects

[0017] The present invention provides a water conservancy construction drainage device, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) A tapered guide structure is adopted at the water inlet, and it extends tangentially to the inside of the outer cylinder. The inner wall of the outer cylinder is provided with spiral guide ribs, which help the water flow to form a vortex in the outer cylinder, centrifugally separate large particles of impurities into the slag collection cylinder, and reduce the risk of filter blockage; in addition, the adaptive filter increases the aperture when the water pressure is high to accelerate drainage, and shrinks to improve the filtration accuracy when the pressure is low, thereby improving the filtration accuracy while ensuring the drainage capacity; an annular grille and a protective cylinder cover are also provided at the water inlet to prevent foreign matter from entering when not draining water, and to prevent floating objects from entering when draining water.

[0019] (2) The turbine blades are driven by water flow to drive the brush shaft to rotate and clean the filter. No external motor is required, which reduces energy consumption. The flushing pipe at the bottom of the filter can clean the surface of the filter and reduce clogging. At the same time, the adaptive filter tilt setting can concentrate the sand swept out and the sand backwashed out on one side of the filter, avoiding accumulation on the filter surface and ensuring long-term filtration.

[0020] (3) A guide plate is set at the water inlet. By adjusting the guide plate, the width of the water outlet at the end of the water inlet can be changed to adapt to water quality with different sand content, ensuring the effect of centrifugal separation of impurities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the filter cartridge of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filter cartridge of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is the internal schematic diagram of the water inlet of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the driving device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive filter screen of the present invention;

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the adaptive filter screen of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1-slag collecting cylinder, 2-outer cylinder, 3-inner cylinder, 4-connecting cylinder, 5-water inlet, 6-guide plate, 7-fixing ring, 8-annular grille, 9-protective cylinder cover, 10-spiral guide rib, 11-support frame 1, 12-isolation cylinder, 13-filter cylinder, 131-sand collecting box, 132-adaptive filter screen, 1321-circular plate, 1322-perforation, 1323-baffle, 1324-filter hole, 1325-filter pad, 1326-convex nozzle, 133-brush shaft, 134-cleaning brush, 135-support frame, 136-flushing pipe, 137-connecting rod, 138-collecting pipe, 139-sand discharge cover , 1310-cross coupling, 14-support frame 2, 15-conveyor tube, 16-drain pipe, 17-turbine blades, 18-drive shaft, 19-conical filter, 20-deflector, 21-cross support frame, 22-flushing pump, 23-water inlet pipe, 24-solenoid valve, 25-water outlet pipe, 26-connecting shaft, 27-gear ring, 28-drive motor, 29-first gear, 30-guide ring, 31-second gear, 32-fixed plate, 33-electric telescopic rod, 34-controller, 35-support rod, 36-guide rod, 37-water level sensor, 38-anti-slip hook, 39-slag cover, 40-valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] See also Figure 1-9 The present invention provides a technical solution: a water conservancy construction drainage device, comprising a slag collecting tube 1, an outer tube 2, an inner tube 3 and a connecting tube 4, the outer tube 2 and the inner tube 3 are truncated cone cavities and are inverted, the inner tube 3 is fixed on the top of the inner wall of the outer tube 2 and is coaxially arranged, the cavity between the outer wall of the inner tube 3 and the inner wall of the outer tube 2 is used to set a water flow channel, the inner wall of the outer tube 2 is provided with spiral guide ribs 10, the spiral guide ribs 10 spirally extend downward, the connecting tube 4 is a truncated cone cavity and is fixed to the bottom of the outer tube 2, the connecting tube 4 is fixed to the top of the slag collecting tube 1, after water enters the outer tube 2, it flows spirally downward through the guiding effect of the spiral guide ribs 10, and a vortex is generated. Large particles of impurities in the water approach one side of the inner wall of the outer tube 2 under the action of centrifugal force. When it flows to the bottom of the outer tube 2, due to the truncated cone structure of the connecting tube 4, the large particles of impurities cannot be supported by the inner wall of the outer tube 2, and move to the inner wall of the connecting tube 4 and fall, thereby achieving preliminary separation.

[0033] A fixing ring 7 is fixedly connected to the surface of the outer cylinder 2 near the top, and a water inlet 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing ring 7. The water inlet 5 can be provided with a plurality of rings distributed on the top of the fixing ring 7. In this embodiment, four water inlets 5 are used. The water inlet 5 adopts a tapered guide structure, that is, the inlet end width of the water inlet 5 is greater than the outlet end width of the water inlet 5. The width of the outlet end of the water inlet 5 is the distance between the outer wall of the inner cylinder 3 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2. One end of the water inlet 5 extends tangentially to the inside of the outer cylinder 2. A guide plate 6 is also rotatably connected to the water inlet 5. A driving device for driving the guide plate 6 to rotate is provided inside the inner cylinder 3. The rotation of the guide plate 6 changes the width of the water outlet at the end of the water inlet 5. The rotation of the guide plate 6 changes the width of the water outlet at the end of the water inlet, thereby changing the speed of the water outlet at the end of the water inlet. It can adapt to water quality with different sand content and ensure the effect of centrifugal separation of impurities.

[0034] The driving device includes a connecting shaft 26, a gear ring 27 and a driving motor 28. The connecting shaft 26 is fixed to one side of the guide plate 6. The bottom end of the connecting shaft 26 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the water inlet 5. The top of the connecting shaft 26 extends to the top of the outer cylinder 2 and is fixedly connected to the first gear 29. The bottom of the gear ring 27 is fixedly connected to a guide ring 30. The guide ring 30 is rotatably connected to the top of the outer cylinder 2. The top of the outer cylinder 2 is provided with an annular groove adapted to the guide ring 30. The outer wall of the gear ring 27 is meshed with the first gear 29. The driving motor 28 is fixed to the top of the inner wall of the inner cylinder 3. The output shaft end of the driving motor 28 extends to the top of the outer cylinder 2 and is fixedly connected to the second gear 31. The second gear 31 is meshed with the inner wall of the gear ring 27. The driving motor 28 drives the gear ring 27 to rotate through the second gear 31, thereby driving each first gear 29 to rotate, thereby realizing synchronous adjustment of multiple guide plates 6.

[0035] A support frame 11 and a support frame 2 14 are sequentially arranged in the slag collecting cylinder 1 from top to bottom. An isolation cylinder 12 is arranged in the center of the support frame 11. The bottom of the isolation cylinder 12 is connected to a filter cylinder 13. The filter cylinder 13 is obliquely installed at the bottom of the isolation cylinder 12. The inclination angle of the filter cylinder 13 is set at 5-15°. The top and bottom of the filter cylinder 13 are still in a horizontal plane. One side of the filter cylinder 13 is connected to a sand collecting box 131. A multi-layer adaptive filter screen 132 is arranged in the filter cylinder 13. One side of the adaptive filter screen 132 extends into the sand collecting box 131. A hydraulic self-driven cleaning device is arranged on the surface of the adaptive filter screen 132. A backwashing device is arranged at the bottom of the adaptive filter screen 132. The clogging of the adaptive filter screen 132 is avoided by the arrangement of the hydraulic self-driven cleaning device and the backwashing device; the bottom of the filter cylinder 13 is connected to a confluence cylinder 15, and the bottom end of the confluence cylinder 15 is connected to a drain pipe 16. The water filtered by the adaptive filter screen 132 is discharged through the drain pipe 16.

[0036] The top of the fixing ring 7 is also fixedly connected to an annular grille 8, which is used to prevent floating objects or large impurities from entering the interior of the drainage device. The top of the annular grille 8 is provided with a protective tube cover 9 to prevent water from entering the water inlet 5. When the bottom of the protective tube cover 9 contacts the top of the fixing ring 7, it can prevent water from passing through the annular grille 8 and entering the interior of the device. This structural setting avoids dust or sand from entering the interior of the device and causing pollution when not in use.

[0037] The interior of the inner cylinder 3 is provided with a lifting structure for driving the protective cylinder cover 9 to rise and fall. The inner wall of the protective cylinder cover 9 is slidably connected to the surface of the annular grille 8. The side of the protective cylinder cover 9 is also fixedly connected with an anti-slip hook 38. The protective cylinder cover 9 is driven to rise by the lifting structure, the annular grille 8 is exposed, and sewage enters the interior of the device. The anti-slip hook 38 can drive the packaging bag and other film-like items to move when the protective cylinder cover 9 moves upward to avoid blocking the surface of the annular grille 8.

[0038] The lifting structure includes a fixed plate 32, an electric telescopic rod 33 and a controller 34. The fixed plate 32 is horizontally fixed in the inner tube 3. The electric telescopic rod 33 and the controller 34 are fixed on the top of the fixed plate 32. The working end of the electric telescopic rod 33 is vertically fixedly connected to a support rod 35. The top end of the support rod 35 extends to the top of the outer tube 2 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the protective tube cover 9. The bottom of the protective tube cover 9 is also vertically fixedly connected to a guide rod 36. The guide rod 36 prevents the protective tube cover 9 from rotating. The protective tube cover 9 is driven to move up and down through the operation of the electric telescopic rod 33. A water level sensor 37 is provided on one side of the protective tube cover 9. When there is no drainage, the protective tube cover 9 is at the lowest position. When there is sewage, the water level sensor 37 detects the sewage and realizes automatic drainage by opening the protective tube cover 9. The present invention focuses on the structure of the drainage device. The specific control amount of the protective tube cover 9 and the rotation angle control method of the guide plate 6 are not analyzed and introduced here.

[0039] The hydraulic self-driven cleaning device includes a brush shaft 133, a cleaning brush 134, a turbine blade 17 and a driving shaft 18. A support frame 135 is provided on the inner wall of the filter cartridge 13 and at the bottom of the bottom adaptive filter screen 132. The bottom end of the brush shaft 133 is rotatably connected to the support frame 135. The brush shaft 133 is coaxially arranged with the filter cartridge 13. The cleaning brush 134 is fixed on the surface of the brush shaft 133 and the bristles are in contact with the surface of the adaptive filter screen 132. The driving shaft 18 is arranged in the isolation cylinder 12 and is vertically arranged. The turbine blade 17 is fixed on the top of the driving shaft 18. A cross coupling 1310 is fixedly connected between the bottom end of the driving shaft 18 and the brush shaft 133. When water flows downward through the turbine blade 17, it drives the driving shaft 18 to rotate, thereby driving the cleaning brush 134 to clean the surface of the adaptive filter screen 132 through the brush shaft 133, and the cleaned fine sand slides into the sand collecting box 131 under the action of gravity.

[0040] A conical filter screen 19 is fixedly connected to the interior of the isolation cylinder 12 and below the turbine blades 17. The filter hole diameter of the conical filter screen 19 is larger than the maximum hole diameter of the adaptive filter screen 132. The conical filter screen 19 supports the drive shaft 18 on the one hand, and makes the water evenly distributed on the surface of the adaptive filter screen 132 on the other hand. A guide valve 20 is fixedly connected to the top of the isolation cylinder 12. The guide valve 20 is in the shape of a trumpet. Water flows into the middle of the isolation cylinder 12 through the guide valve 20, and the rotation speed of the turbine blades 17 improves the cleaning effect of the cleaning brush 134.

[0041] A cross support frame 21 is fixedly connected to the center of the deflector 20 , and the drive shaft 18 is rotatably connected to the center of the support frame 21 and the conical filter screen 19 , thereby improving the stability of the drive shaft 18 .

[0042] The backwashing device includes a flushing pipe 136, a collecting pipe 138 and a flushing pump 22. The flushing pipe 136 is arranged below each adaptive filter screen 132. The flushing pipe 136 is distributed in a ring. A plurality of nozzles are arranged on the top of the flushing pipe 136 to ensure that the sprayed water can cover the surface of the adaptive filter screen 132. The side of the flushing pipe 136 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the filter cartridge 13 by a connecting rod 137. The flushing pump 22 is fixed on one side of the top of the drain pipe 16. An inlet pipe 23 is connected between the inlet end of the flushing pump 22 and the drain pipe 16. One end of the plurality of flushing pipes 136 is connected to the collecting pipe 138. An outlet pipe 25 is connected between the outlet end of the flushing pump 22 and the collecting pipe 138. An electromagnetic valve 24 is arranged on the surface of the water inlet pipe 23. By opening the electromagnetic valve 24 and the flushing pump 22, the water in the drain pipe 16 enters the flushing pipe 136 to flush the adaptive filter screen 132, thereby avoiding clogging of the adaptive filter screen 132. The flushed sand slides into the sand collecting box 131 under the action of gravity.

[0043] The adaptive filter screen 132 includes a circular plate 1321, a perforation 1322 is provided at the center of the circular plate 1321, a baffle 1323 is fixedly connected to one side of the circular plate 1321, the baffle 1323 and the circular plate 1321 are an integral structure, and the whole can be formed by integral casting or 3D printing, the surface of the circular plate 1321 is evenly distributed with filter holes 1324, the surface of the circular plate 1321 is covered with a filter pad 1325, and a protrusion 1326 extending into the filter hole 1324 is provided at the bottom of the filter pad 1325 and located at the filter hole 1324, the filter pad 1325 and the protrusion 1326 are an integral structure, and can be made of an elastic polymer, such as rubber, etc. The protrusion 1326 is in a trumpet shape, and the protrusion 1326 is deformed by the water flow pressure. When the water flow rate is large, the water pressure on the protrusion 1326 increases, and the aperture of the protrusion 1326 increases. When the water flow rate decreases, the aperture decreases.

[0044] A sand discharge cover 139 is provided on one side of the sand collecting box 131, and a slag discharge cover 39 is provided on one side of the slag collecting tube 1. The top of the slag discharge cover 39 extends to one side of the sand discharge cover 139. After opening the slag discharge cover 39, it is convenient to open the sand discharge cover 139 to clean the filtered impurities and sand.

[0045] One end of the drain pipe 16 extends to the outside of the slag collecting barrel 1 and is connected to a valve 40. When drainage is completed, the valve 40 is closed and the protective barrel cover 9 is moved down to prevent water from entering. At this time, there is a certain amount of water inside the device. The solenoid valve 24 is opened, and the flushing pump 22 is started. The water in the drain pipe 16 enters the flushing pipe 136 to flush the adaptive filter 132. After flushing, the valve 40 is opened, and then the slag discharge cover 39 and the sand discharge cover 139 are opened for cleaning.

[0046] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0047] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water conservancy construction drainage device, comprising a slag collecting cylinder (1), an outer cylinder (2), an inner cylinder (3) and a connecting cylinder (4), characterized in that: The outer cylinder (2) and the inner cylinder (3) are truncated cone cavities and are inverted. The inner cylinder (3) is fixed to the top of the inner wall of the outer cylinder (2) and is coaxially arranged. The connecting cylinder (4) is a truncated cone cavity and is fixed to the bottom of the outer cylinder (2). The connecting cylinder (4) is fixed to the top of the slag collecting cylinder (1). The inner wall of the outer cylinder (2) is provided with spiral guide ribs (10). A fixing ring (7) is fixedly connected to the surface of the outer cylinder (2) and close to the top. The top of the fixing ring (7) is fixedly connected to a water inlet (5). The water inlet (5) adopts a tapered guide structure. One end of the water inlet (5) extends tangentially to the inside of the outer cylinder (2). A guide plate (6) is rotatably connected to the inside of the water inlet (5). A driving device for driving the guide plate (6) to rotate is provided inside the inner cylinder (3). The rotation of the guide plate (6) changes the width of water discharged from the end of the water inlet (5). The slag collecting cylinder (1) is provided with a support frame 1 (11) and a support frame 2 (14) from top to bottom in sequence; an isolation cylinder (12) is provided at the center of the support frame 1 (11); the bottom of the isolation cylinder (12) is connected to a filter cylinder (13); the filter cylinder (13) is obliquely installed at the bottom of the isolation cylinder (12); one side of the filter cylinder (13) is connected to a sand collecting box (131); a multi-layer adaptive filter screen (132) is provided in the filter cylinder (13); one side of the adaptive filter screen (132) extends into the sand collecting box (131); a hydraulic self-driven cleaning device is provided on the surface of the adaptive filter screen (132); a backwashing device is provided at the bottom of the adaptive filter screen (132); the bottom of the filter cylinder (13) is connected to a confluence cylinder (15); the bottom end of the confluence cylinder (15) is connected to a drainage pipe (16).

2. A water conservancy construction drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the fixing ring (7) is also fixedly connected to an annular grille (8), and the top of the annular grille (8) is provided with a protective cylinder cover (9) for preventing water from entering the water inlet (5). The interior of the inner cylinder (3) is provided with a lifting structure for driving the protective cylinder cover (9) to rise and fall, and the inner wall of the protective cylinder cover (9) is slidably connected to the surface of the annular grille (8).

3. A water conservancy construction drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic self-driven cleaning device comprises a brush shaft (133), a cleaning brush (134), a turbine blade (17) and a driving shaft (18); a support frame (135) is arranged on the inner wall of the filter cylinder (13) and at the bottom of the bottom adaptive filter screen (132); the bottom end of the brush shaft (133) is rotatably connected to the support frame (135); the brush shaft (133) and the filter cylinder (13) are coaxially arranged; the cleaning brush (134) is fixed on the surface of the brush shaft (133) and the bristles are in contact with the surface of the adaptive filter screen (132); the driving shaft (18) is arranged in the isolation cylinder (12); the turbine blade (17) is fixed on the top end of the driving shaft (18); and a cross coupling (1310) is fixedly connected between the bottom end of the driving shaft (18) and the brush shaft (133).

4. A water conservancy construction drainage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A conical filter screen (19) is fixedly connected inside the isolation cylinder (12) and below the turbine blades (17); a flow guide (20) is fixedly connected to the top of the isolation cylinder (12); the flow guide (20) is in a bell-mouth shape; a cross support frame (21) is fixedly connected to the center of the flow guide (20); and the drive shaft (18) is rotatably connected to the support frame (21) and the center of the conical filter screen (19).

5. A water conservancy construction drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backwashing device comprises a flushing pipe (136), a collecting pipe (138) and a flushing pump (22). The flushing pipe (136) is arranged below each adaptive filter (132). The side of the flushing pipe (136) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the filter cartridge (13) through a connecting rod (137). The flushing pump (22) is fixed to one side of the top of the drain pipe (16). An inlet pipe (23) is connected between the inlet end of the flushing pump (22) and the drain pipe (16). One end of a plurality of flushing pipes (136) is connected to the collecting pipe (138). An outlet pipe (25) is connected between the outlet end of the flushing pump (22) and the collecting pipe (138). A solenoid valve (24) is provided on the surface of the inlet pipe (23).

6. A water conservancy construction drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device comprises a connecting shaft (26), a gear ring (27) and a driving motor (28); the connecting shaft (26) is fixed to one side of the guide plate (6); the top end of the connecting shaft (26) extends to the top of the outer cylinder (2) and is fixedly connected to a first gear (29); the bottom of the gear ring (27) is fixedly connected to a guide ring (30); the guide ring (30) is rotatably connected to the top of the outer cylinder (2); the outer wall of the gear ring (27) is meshingly connected to the first gear (29); the driving motor (28) is fixed to the top of the inner wall of the inner cylinder (3); the output shaft end of the driving motor (28) extends to the top of the outer cylinder (2) and is fixedly connected to a second gear (31); the second gear (31) is meshingly connected to the inner wall of the gear ring (27).

7. A water conservancy construction drainage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting structure comprises a fixed plate (32), an electric telescopic rod (33) and a controller (34); the fixed plate (32) is horizontally fixed in the inner cylinder (3); the electric telescopic rod (33) and the controller (34) are fixed on the top of the fixed plate (32); the working end of the electric telescopic rod (33) is vertically fixedly connected to a support rod (35); the top end of the support rod (35) extends to the top of the outer cylinder (2) and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the protective cylinder cover (9); the bottom of the protective cylinder cover (9) is also vertically fixedly connected to a guide rod (36); a water level sensor (37) is provided on one side of the protective cylinder cover (9); and an anti-slip hook (38) is also fixedly connected to the side of the protective cylinder cover (9).

8. A water conservancy construction drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive filter screen (132) comprises a circular plate (1321), a perforation (1322) is arranged at the center of the circular plate (1321), a baffle (1323) is fixedly connected to one side of the circular plate (1321), the baffle (1323) and the circular plate (1321) are an integral structure, filter holes (1324) are evenly distributed on the surface of the circular plate (1321), the surface of the circular plate (1321) is covered with a filter pad (1325), a protrusion (1326) extending into the filter hole (1324) is arranged at the bottom of the filter pad (1325) and located at the filter hole (1324), the protrusion (1326) is in a bell-mouth shape, and the protrusion (1326) is deformed by water flow pressure.

9. A water conservancy construction drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sand discharge cover (139) is provided on one side of the sand collecting box (131), and a slag discharge cover (39) is provided on one side of the slag collecting cylinder (1).

10. A water conservancy construction drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the drainage pipe (16) extends to the outside of the slag collecting barrel (1) and is connected to a valve (40).

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