Multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of electric power iron tower

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of an electric power tower, which comprises a system floor, a data path module, a GNSS module, a GNSS feed network module, a data path feed network module and an antenna shell, and is characterized in that the GNSS module, the GNSS feed network module, the data path module and the data path feed network module are fixed on the system floor; the GNSS module receives the navigation signal so as to carry out real-time dynamic positioning calculation and obtain monitoring data of the electric power iron tower; the GNSS feed network module provides power distribution and phase control for the GNSS module; the data path module binds the monitoring data with a timestamp to form a complete monitoring data set and transmits the complete monitoring data set to a remote server or a monitoring center; the data path feed network module provides power distribution, impedance matching and phase control for the data path module. According to the invention, signal resources of each satellite navigation system can be fully utilized to improve the deformation monitoring precision of the electric iron tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular relates to a multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of power towers. Background Art

[0002] In modern power transmission networks, power towers, as key infrastructure supporting overhead transmission lines, are widely distributed in various complex geographical environments and bear the heavy responsibility of ensuring stable power transmission. Power towers are exposed to the natural environment for a long time and are subjected to severe weather conditions and geological disasters such as strong winds, heavy rains, heavy snow, earthquakes, and sunshine. These external factors will gradually cause erosion, impact, and fatigue to the structure of the tower, resulting in various deformations such as tower tilt, foundation settlement, and component deformation. Once the tower is severely deformed and is not discovered and handled in time, it will cause transmission line failures, such as discharge caused by insufficient distance between the conductor and the ground, and line interruption caused by tower collapse.

[0003] It can be seen from this that it is very important to monitor the deformation of power towers. In 2022, He Liujie proposed a method for deformation monitoring of bridges based on BDS / GPS / Galileo multi-frequency fusion (Research on Bridge Deformation Monitoring Based on BDS / GPS / Galileo Multi-frequency Fusion [D]. Jiangsu Ocean University, 2022.DOI:10.44354 / d.cnki.gjsuy.2022.000285.). In this paper, through in-depth research on the multi-frequency fusion technology of BDS, GPS and Galileo systems, it is found that the short baseline positioning effect is far better than the medium and long baseline, and the multi-frequency fusion method can achieve a single epoch to solve the wide lane and baseband ambiguity of different systems. At the same time, when considering the influence of bridge elevation difference on filtering, multiple sets of data from different elevation stations are used for analysis. The results show that as the elevation increases, the solution method based on multi-frequency fusion can effectively reduce the degree of reduction in positioning accuracy. Based on these research contents, it can be concluded that multi-frequency fusion technology can overcome the limitations of a single system in deformation monitoring by integrating the data processing and positioning advantages of multiple satellite systems, thereby helping to improve the accuracy and precision of deformation monitoring.

[0004] The Chinese patent application number 202311689242.1 discloses a tower deformation detection device. By rotating the two detection support arms of the detection support structure around the hinge point, when the pressure sensor is under pressure, the support plate seat supports the movable adjustment arm to rotate, thereby avoiding damage to the pressure sensor and ensuring monitoring accuracy. However, the installation steps of the detection device are cumbersome, and the positions of each component need to be precisely adjusted. The adjustment of the sliding arm positioning rod and the limit slot are complicated to install; the structure is complex, including many components and various connection and matching relationships, and it takes up a lot of space; during maintenance, due to the complex structure, multiple components need to be checked and maintained, and fault repair is difficult; it has high requirements for the installation environment, depends on the surface flatness and structural strength of the tower, and is easily corroded and damaged in harsh environments.

[0005] The Chinese patent with application number 201921158565.7 discloses a tower deformation monitoring device based on Beidou carrier differential, which is mainly composed of Beidou reference station, data transfer center and Beidou positioning terminal. The Beidou reference station is set within 30KM around the tower, connected to the data transfer center through the 4G network and Beidou system, and the data transfer center is connected to the Beidou positioning terminal fixed on the tower through the 4G network. The monitoring method is to first send the Beidou reference station coordinates and differential carrier positioning data to the data transfer center via the 4G network. After receiving the relevant data, the Beidou positioning terminal calculates its own XYZ coordinates. The data transfer center obtains the real-time deformation of the tower by monitoring the coordinates at different time periods.

[0006] However, during implementation, it was found that the above technical solution has the following disadvantages: (1) It only supports the BeiDou system. The number of satellites and coverage of the BeiDou system are relatively limited compared to other global navigation satellite systems such as GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, resulting in reduced positioning accuracy. Secondly, the satellite signal of a single system is difficult to meet the needs of high-precision deformation monitoring under the influence of environmental factors such as multipath effect and atmospheric interference. In addition, the BeiDou system's ability in multi-frequency fusion has not yet fully reached the level of other satellite systems, and the positioning accuracy and anti-interference ability of a single system under different baseline lengths are also relatively poor. (2) It only supports the 4G frequency band. The positioning accuracy of the 4G antenna is limited by the distribution density and signal quality of the base station. Especially in the area of ​​power towers far away from the city, the signal may be weak or lost, resulting in inaccurate monitoring data. Secondly, the anti-interference ability of the 4G antenna is weak and is easily affected by factors such as weather, environment, and terrain. Finally, the communication bandwidth of the 4G network is limited and cannot effectively support large-scale, high-frequency real-time data transmission. Especially in long-term, high-precision deformation monitoring tasks, it may cause data transmission delays or losses. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of power towers. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of power towers, comprising: a system floor, a data path module, a GNSS module, a GNSS feed network module, a data path feed network module and an antenna housing, wherein: The GNSS module and the GNSS feeding network module are fixed on opposite sides of the system floor, and the data path module and the data path feeding network module are fixed on opposite sides of the system floor; The GNSS module is used to receive navigation signals from various satellite systems and transmit the navigation signals to the data processing unit to perform real-time dynamic positioning calculations and obtain monitoring data of the power tower; The GNSS feeding network module is used to provide power distribution and phase control for the GNSS module; The data path module supports multiple frequency bands in 2G / 3G / 4G-LTE / 5G-NR, and is used to bind the acquired monitoring data with the timestamp to form a complete monitoring data set, and transmit it to a remote server or monitoring center; The data path feed network module is used to provide power distribution, impedance matching and phase control for the data path module to achieve transmission of multi-band signals; The system floor is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the antenna housing.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Support high-precision positioning: The present invention can fully utilize the signal resources of various satellite navigation systems and improve the overall positioning accuracy and signal stability of the system by supporting multiple frequency bands of various satellite navigation systems (BDS, GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO). In the deformation monitoring of power towers, accurate positioning is crucial. The present invention overcomes the signal shielding, interference or other adverse environmental factors that a single satellite system may be affected by by adopting multiple satellite systems. By fusing signals from different satellite systems, this problem can be effectively alleviated to ensure the high accuracy of real-time positioning data.

[0009] 2. Multi-band fusion and high integration: The present invention integrates a GNSS module and a data path module. The GNSS module supports multiple frequency bands of BDS, GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO, and can make full use of the signal resources of major satellite navigation systems to improve positioning accuracy; the data path module supports multiple frequency bands in 2G / 3G / 4G-LTE / 5G-NR, which is more suitable for scenarios where power towers are far away from operator base stations and lack communication infrastructure. Even under the condition of being far away from operator base stations, it still supports uploading of tower deformation monitoring data.

[0010] 3. Small size, light weight and low cost: The present invention adopts a PCB design scheme, which is small in size and can realize efficient signal reception and transmission functions in a limited space; it is light in weight and will not bring excessive burden to the installation carrier; and it is low in cost. It can effectively reduce economic costs and improve the cost performance of products during large-scale application and promotion, and has great advantages in market competition.

[0011] 4. Special housing design, simple installation: The present invention designs a special antenna housing that can reliably fix the internal components and simplify the installation operation. The antenna housing can not only firmly fix the internal components, but also fully consider the actual application scenarios, making the installation of the equipment on the power tower extremely convenient. Whether in harsh climates such as high temperature, severe cold, raging winds, and dust, or in complex electromagnetic environments such as strong electromagnetic interference, the equipment can operate stably to ensure accurate reception of satellite navigation signals and efficient transmission of data. All this is due to its simple and easy installation method. Even non-professionals can easily complete the installation operation, which provides great convenience for the deformation monitoring of power towers.

[0012] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of power towers provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the front connection of a system floor provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the back connection of a system floor provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a data path module provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a low-frequency unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6A schematic diagram of the front structure of a low-frequency unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the back structure of a low-frequency unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a high-frequency unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the front structure of an upper structure of a high-frequency unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the back structure of an upper structure of a high-frequency unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the front structure of a lower structure of a high-frequency unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the back structure of a lower structure of a high-frequency unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a partial side structure of a low-frequency unit array, a high-frequency unit array and a system floor provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a data path module feeding network provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a GNSS module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the front structure of a second upper structure of a GNSS module provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.17 A schematic diagram of the back structure of a second lower structure of a GNSS module provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.18 A schematic diagram of a GNSS feeding network module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.19 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a square housing in an antenna housing provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 20 An isolation curve diagram of a data path module provided by an embodiment of the present invention at 1.7 GHz-2.7 GHz; Fig.21 An isolation curve diagram of a data path module provided by an embodiment of the present invention at 3.3GHz-5.0GHz; Fig. 22 A reflection coefficient curve diagram of a data path module provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.23 A reflection coefficient curve diagram of a GNSS module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.24 A gain curve diagram of a data path module provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.25 A gain curve diagram of a GNSS module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.26 A radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency of 1.5 GHz Pi=0 provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 27 A radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency of 1.5 GHz Pi=90 provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.28 A radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency of 2.2 GHz Pi=0 provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.29 A radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency of 2.2 GHz Pi=90 provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.30 A radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency of 3.45 GHz Pi=0 provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.31 A radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency of 3.45 GHz Pi=90 provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.32 A radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency of 4.92 GHz Pi=0 provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.33 A radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency of 4.92 GHz Pi=90 is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following is a detailed description of a multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of power towers proposed in accordance with the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0015] The above and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention are clearly presented in the following detailed description of the specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Through the description of the specific implementation modes, the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose can be more deeply and specifically understood. However, the attached drawings are only for reference and explanation purposes and are not used to limit the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0016] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the article or device including the elements.

[0017] This embodiment provides a multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of power towers. Figures 1 to 3 The multi-frequency fusion antenna includes a system floor 1, a data path module 2, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System, global navigation satellite system) module 3, GNSS feeding network module 4, data path feeding network module 5 and antenna housing 6, wherein the data path module 2, GNSS module 3, GNSS feeding network module 4 and data path feeding network module 5 are all fixed on the system floor 1; the GNSS module 3 is used to receive navigation signals from multiple satellite systems, and transmit the navigation signals to the data processing unit for real-time dynamic positioning calculation to obtain monitoring data of the power tower; the GNSS feeding network module 4 is used to provide power distribution and phase control for the GNSS module 3; the data path module 2 supports multiple frequency bands in 2G / 3G / 4G-LTE / 5G-NR, and is used to bind the acquired monitoring data with the timestamp to form a complete monitoring data set, and transmit it to a remote server or monitoring center; the data path feeding network module 5 is used to provide power distribution, impedance matching and phase control for the data path module 2 to realize the transmission of multi-band signals; the system floor 1 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the antenna housing 6, and the antenna housing 6 is used to install the multi-frequency fusion antenna as a whole on the angle iron 7 of the power tower to be monitored.

[0018] Specifically, the GNSS module 3 is used to receive navigation signals from various satellite systems and transmit the navigation signals to the data processing unit for monitoring the deformation of the power tower. The data processing unit calculates the real-time position of the receiving device by analyzing the propagation time difference of the navigation signal and the satellite position information using the distance intersection principle. Combined with the precise position data of the reference station, the satellite signal error is corrected to provide high-precision positioning data for the deformation monitoring of the power tower, monitor the changes in the three-dimensional coordinates of the tower in real time, determine whether the tower is deformed, and form the monitoring data of the power tower.

[0019] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the system floor 1 of this embodiment includes a first floor 11 and a second floor 12 connected to each other to form an L shape, the GNSS module 3 is fixed to the front side of the first floor 11 of the system floor 1 by using a plurality of nylon hexagonal studs, and the GNSS feeding network module 4 is fixed to the back side of the first floor 11 of the system floor 1 by using a plurality of nylon hexagonal studs; the data path module 2 is fixed to the front side of the second floor 12 of the system floor 1 by using a plurality of nylon hexagonal studs, and the data path feeding network module 5 is fixed to the back side of the second floor 12 of the system floor 1 by using a plurality of nylon hexagonal studs.

[0020] like Figure 4 As shown, the data path module 2 of this embodiment includes two low-frequency units 21 and four high-frequency units 22 arranged at intervals, wherein the two low-frequency units 21 and the four high-frequency units 22 are arranged along the same axis, the two low-frequency units 21 form a 1×2 low-frequency unit array, and the four high-frequency units 22 form a 1×4 high-frequency unit array, all of which are located on the central axis of the system floor 1, specifically, on the central axis of the front of the second floor 12. The distance between two adjacent low-frequency units 21 is twice the distance between two adjacent high-frequency units 22, so the first high-frequency unit and the third high-frequency unit of the four high-frequency units 22 are respectively arranged below the two low-frequency units 21, and no additional installation space is added. The low-frequency unit 21 covers the 1.7-2.7GHz frequency band and supports 2G / 3G / 4G-LTE; the high-frequency unit 22 covers the 3.3-5.0GHz frequency band and supports 5G-NR.

[0021] Please also see Figures 5 to 7 The low-frequency unit 21 includes a first dielectric substrate 211, two first Y-shaped feeding structures 212 are arranged at the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 211, and four square ring-shaped dipole units 213 arranged in a 2×2 array and spaced from each other are arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 211, wherein each first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 includes two first arms 2121 of equal length and a short transition line 2122 connecting the first arms 2121, and the two first arms 2121 are at a 90-degree angle, and the short transition line 2122 is connected to the first arms 2121. A side of the transition line 2122 away from the first arm 2121 is vertically connected to a long transition line 2123, and a square patch 2124 is provided at the other end of the long transition line 2123, and the long transition lines 2123 of the two first Y-shaped feeding structures 212 are perpendicular to each other and spaced apart from each other; each square ring-shaped dipole unit 213 includes an inner ring, a middle ring and an outer ring that are nested in sequence, the outer ring is used as a radiation unit, and the middle ring and the inner ring have a frequency selection function for selecting the frequency band of the 1×4 high-frequency unit array below.

[0022] The two first arms 2121 of equal length can ensure uniform distribution of signals, so that signals can be transmitted efficiently, and the Y-shape of the first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 helps to improve feeding efficiency and reduce transmission loss. In this embodiment, in order to avoid the intersection of the two first Y-shaped feeding structures 212, the long transition line 2123 of one of them is modified into a two-layer structure. Specifically, the middle part of one of the long transition lines 2123 is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 211, that is, it is arranged on the same surface as the square ring dipole unit 213 and is separated from the square ring dipole unit 213, and is connected to the two ends of the long transition line 2123 located on the upper surface through two short-circuit pins penetrating the upper and lower surfaces of the first dielectric substrate 211, so that the long transition line 2123 is connected as a whole and is not connected to the other long transition line 2123.

[0023] like Figure 7 As shown, four square ring dipole units 213 form a 2×2 array, each square ring dipole unit 213 is a three-ring structure, and the square ring dipole unit 213, as a radiating part, can achieve a good radiation pattern and enhance radiation efficiency through the 2×2 array arrangement structure. Each square ring dipole unit 213 is composed of multiple ring structures, which helps to control and optimize the radiation characteristics and directivity of the antenna.

[0024] In addition, two equal length first arms 2121 in each first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 are parallel to the two vertical sides of the outer ring of the two square ring dipole units 213 below, so that the energy received by the first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 can be uniformly radiated. Two vias (not shown in the drawings) are also provided on the first dielectric substrate 211, and one of the four square ring dipole units 213 is connected through the outer conductor of one of the two first coaxial lines 214, and the inner conductor of the first coaxial line 214 is connected to the square patch 2124 of one of the first Y-shaped feeding structures 212 through a via, and the outer conductor of the other first coaxial line 214 is connected to another four square ring dipole units 213, and the inner conductor is connected to the square patch 2124 of another first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 through another via, and the lower ends of the above two first coaxial lines 214 are connected to the data path feeding network module 5 through the system floor 1. A nylon hexagonal stud is also provided at each of the four corners of the low-frequency unit 21 of this embodiment for support.

[0025] Please also see Figures 8 to 12The high frequency unit 22 of this embodiment includes a first upper structure and a first lower structure arranged in parallel and spaced apart, wherein the first upper structure includes a second dielectric substrate 221, a first circular through hole 222 is provided at the center of the second dielectric substrate 221, a parasitic patch 223 is provided at the center of the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 221, and a circular hole that coincides with the first circular through hole 222 is provided at the center of the parasitic patch 223. The first upper structure helps to adjust the radiation characteristics of the antenna, and plays a role in adjusting the gain and beam shape at high frequencies. The parasitic patch 223 of this embodiment is rectangular, and the four corners have the same chamfer.

[0026] The first lower structure includes a third dielectric substrate 224, a second circular through hole 225 is provided at the center of the third dielectric substrate 224, four Γ-shaped feeding structures 226 symmetrically distributed with respect to the second circular through hole 225 are provided on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 224, a driving patch 227 is provided at the center of the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 224, a circular hole coincident with the second circular through hole 225 is provided at the center of the driving patch 227, and a strip-shaped notch 228 is provided inwardly along the midpoint of each side of the driving patch 227. The provision of the second circular through hole 225 can reduce obstacles in the signal transmission path, so that the signal can be effectively transmitted from the feeding point to the low-frequency unit, improve the transmission efficiency of the signal, and reduce signal loss.

[0027] The Γ-shaped feeding structure 226 includes an L-shaped patch 2261, a long arm portion 2262, a transition portion 2263 and a short arm portion 2264 connected in sequence, wherein the long arm portion 2262 and the short arm portion 2264 are arranged in parallel, and the transition portion 2263 is vertically connected between the long arm portion 2262 and the short arm portion 2264. Each L-shaped patch 2261 has the same chamfer. The strip notch 228 is designed to adjust the radiation mode and bandwidth to obtain the best performance within the frequency range.

[0028] The first upper structure and the first lower structure are fixedly connected by nylon hexagonal studs at four corners, such as Figure 8 As shown. The high frequency unit 22 also includes four second coaxial lines 229, the outer conductors of the four second coaxial lines 229 are all connected to the driving patch 227, and the connection points are respectively located between the strip-shaped notch 228 and the second circular through hole 225, and the inner conductors of the four second coaxial lines 229 are respectively connected to the L-shaped patch 2261 at the corresponding position through the via holes provided on the third dielectric substrate 224. The third dielectric substrate 224 is provided with four via holes, and the inner conductor of each second coaxial line 229 is respectively passed through a via hole. Similarly, the lower ends of the above four second coaxial lines 229 are all connected to the data path feed network module 5 through the system floor 1.

[0029] Furthermore, the long arm portion 2262 of each Γ-shaped feeding structure 226 is parallel to the strip notch 228 at the corresponding position of the driving patch 227, and the short arm portion 2264 is parallel and spans above the strip notch 228. The design of the Γ-shaped feeding structure 226 can optimize the signal feeding method, ensure that the signal is evenly transmitted from the feeding point to the radiation patch, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency and frequency response of the multi-frequency fusion antenna, and at the same time can enhance the radiation characteristics and reduce reflection losses.

[0030] It should be noted that if the high frequency unit 22 is currently arranged below the low frequency unit 21, Fig.13 As shown, the middle section of the first coaxial line 214 of the low frequency unit 21 passes through the first circular through hole 222 and the second circular through hole 225 of the high frequency unit 22 .

[0031] In each low-frequency unit 21, two first coaxial lines 214 pass upward through the system floor 1, and then pass through the second circular through hole 225 and the first circular through hole 222 to reach the first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 in the low-frequency unit 21. The outer conductor of the first coaxial line 214 is connected to the outer ring of the corresponding square ring-shaped dipole unit 213, and the inner conductor passes through the corresponding via hole and is connected to one of the first Y-shaped feeding structures 212. In each high-frequency unit 22, four second coaxial lines 229 pass through the system floor 1 to reach the first lower structure of the high-frequency unit 22. The outer conductor of the second coaxial line 229 is connected to the driving patch 227, and the inner conductor passes through the corresponding four via holes and is connected to the four Γ-shaped feeding structures 226.

[0032] Furthermore, if Fig.14 As shown, the data path feeding network module 5 of the present embodiment includes two low-frequency input ports (P1, P2), two high-frequency input ports (P3, P4), four low-frequency output ports (D1, D2, D3, D4) and sixteen high-frequency output ports (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12, G13, G14, G15, G16), wherein the two low-frequency input ports (P1, P2) and the two high-frequency input ports (P3, P4) are external connection ports, the lower ends of the four first coaxial lines 214 of the two low-frequency units 21 pass through the system floor 1 and are respectively connected to one of the four low-frequency output ports; the lower ends of the sixteen second coaxial lines 229 of the four high-frequency units 22 pass through the system floor 1 and are respectively connected to one of the sixteen high-frequency output ports.

[0033] In the 1×2 low-frequency unit array, the lower ends of the four first coaxial lines 214 pass through the system floor 1 and are respectively connected to one of the four low-frequency output ports of the data path module feed network 5. In the 1×4 high-frequency unit array, one of each pair of sixteen second coaxial lines 229 that are centrally symmetric about the shared aperture is respectively connected to eight output ports (G1, G3, G5, G7, G9, G11, G13, G15) of the data path module feed network; the other second coaxial line 229 is respectively connected to the remaining eight output ports (G2, G4, G6, G8, G10, G12, G14, G16).

[0034] Specifically, the low-frequency output port D1 is connected to the first first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 of the first low-frequency unit 21 in the 1×2 low-frequency unit array through the first of the four first coaxial lines 214, the low-frequency output port D3 is connected to the second first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 of the first low-frequency unit 21 through the second first coaxial line 214; the low-frequency output port D2 is connected to the first first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 of the second low-frequency unit 21 through the third first coaxial line 214, and the low-frequency output port D4 is connected to the second first Y-shaped feeding structure 212 of the second low-frequency unit 21 through the fourth first coaxial line 214. In the low-frequency unit 21, the outer ring of the square ring dipole unit 213 obtains energy from the data path feeding network module 5, and then the energy is radiated into the air to generate a resonance point. In the high frequency unit 22, after obtaining energy from the data path feeding network module 5, a part of it is coupled to the driving patch 227. After receiving the energy, the driving patch 227 radiates into the air through the frequency selective surface of its first upper structure, generating two resonance points.

[0035] Please also see Figures 15 to 17 The GNSS module 3 of this embodiment includes two GNSS units arranged in a 1×2 array, each GNSS unit includes a second upper structure 31 and a second lower structure 32, wherein the second upper structure 31 includes a fourth dielectric substrate 311, two cross-connected second Y-shaped feeding structures 312 are arranged at the center of the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 311, and four square annular patches 313 arranged in a 2×2 array are arranged at the center of the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 311; the second lower structure 32 has the same structure as the high-frequency unit.

[0036] Four nylon hexagonal studs are arranged at the four corners of the second upper structure 31 to play a supporting role. The structure of the second Y-shaped feeding structure 312 of this embodiment is generally the same as that of the first Y-shaped feeding structure 212, except that the second Y-shaped feeding structures 312 of this embodiment are connected to each other, such as Fig.16As shown. Four square ring patches 313 form a 2×2 array, which are arranged compactly from top to bottom and from left to right, as shown Fig.17 As shown, it is used to realize the radiation function. Its square ring structure has good wide-band performance and stable radiation characteristics. It is suitable for GNSS reception, can improve the frequency response of the antenna, and reduce interference with other frequency bands.

[0037] The two equal arms of the two crossed second Y-shaped feeding structures 312 are parallel to the two vertical sides of the two square ring patches 313 below. The cross feeding helps to improve the multi-directivity of the antenna, increase the receiving sensitivity and improve the signal coverage area. Two vias are provided on the fourth dielectric substrate 311. Each second upper structure 31 includes two third coaxial lines (not shown in the drawings), which are used to pass through the vias at corresponding positions respectively and the outer conductor of each third coaxial line is connected to a square ring patch 313, and the inner conductor is connected to a second Y-shaped feeding structure 312 through the corresponding via.

[0038] Continue to see Fig.15 The second lower structure 32 is completely the same as the three-dimensional structure of the high frequency unit 22 of the data path module 2, and will not be described here. The second lower structure 32 of the GNSS module 3 plays a role in enhancing reflection and reducing coupling. It can not only improve the gain of the antenna, enhance the radiation effect, and optimize the propagation direction of the signal, but also improve the directivity of the antenna, while reducing the coupling between antennas, avoiding mutual interference, and ensuring the overall performance of the system.

[0039] Furthermore, if Fig.18 As shown, the GNSS feeding network module 4 of this embodiment includes four output ports (L1, L2, L3, L4) and one input port P5. The four third coaxial lines of the GNSS module 3 are respectively connected to the four output ports (L1, L2, L3, L4) of the GNSS feeding network module 4. In this embodiment, the input ports P1, P2, P3, P4 of the data path feeding network module 5 and the input port P5 of the GNSS feeding network module 4 are all external connection ports of the multi-frequency fusion antenna, wherein P1 and P2 are low-frequency external connection ports of the data path module; P3 and P4 are high-frequency external connection ports of the data path module; and P5 is an external connection port of the GNSS module.

[0040] Specifically, the output port L1 is connected to the first second Y-shaped feeding structure 312 of the first GNSS unit through the first third coaxial line, and the output port L3 is connected to the second second Y-shaped feeding structure 312 of the first GNSS unit through the second third coaxial line; the output port L2 is connected to the first second Y-shaped feeding structure 312 of the second GNSS unit through the third third coaxial line, and the output port L4 is connected to the second second Y-shaped feeding structure 312 of the second GNSS unit through the fourth third coaxial line.

[0041] For example, taking the 4G module SLM730 as an example, it includes three antenna interfaces: ANT_MAIN, ANT_DIV and ANT_GNSS, where ANT_MAIN and ANT_DIV are 4G-LTE interfaces that can be used with Fig.14 The ports P1 and P2 of ANT_GNSS are connected one by one; ANT_GNSS is the GNSS interface, which can be connected to Fig.18 Take the 5G module FM150-AE as an example, it includes four antenna interfaces: M, M1, M2 and D / G. M1 and M2 are 4G-LTE interfaces, which can be connected to Fig.14 Ports P1 and P2 are connected one by one; M is the 5G-NR interface, which can be connected to Fig.14 Port P3 is connected; D / G is the GNSS interface, which can be connected to Fig.18 shown on port P5.

[0042] Please also see Figure 1 and Fig.19 The antenna housing 6 of this embodiment includes a square housing 61, a connecting structure 62 and a fixing structure 63, wherein the system floor 1 together with the data path module 2, the GNSS module 3, the GNSS feeding network module 4 and the data path feeding network module 5 are fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the square housing 61; the connecting structure 62 is fixedly arranged between the square housing 61 and the fixing structure 63; the square housing 61 includes a box-shaped structure 64 and a door panel 65, and a positioning hole is arranged on the system floor 1, which is fixed in the box-shaped structure 64 by eight long nylon studs, and the door panel 65 is fixed to the box-shaped structure 64 by screws, thereby achieving complete sealing of the square housing.

[0043] The connection structure 62 includes a support column 621, a connection piece 622 and two strip iron plates 623. The connection piece 622 is vertically connected to the first end of the support column 621. The second end of the support column 621 is fixed to the fixed structure 63. The two strip iron plates 623 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the connection piece 622, and the two strip iron plates 623 are parallel to each other. The fixed structure 63 of this embodiment includes two strip angle irons 631, two T-shaped short screws 632, two T-shaped hooks 633 and two T-shaped long screws 634, wherein the two T-shaped hooks 633 are fixed on the angle iron 7 of the power tower to be monitored, the two strip angle irons 631 are fixed on the two T-shaped hooks 633 by two T-shaped short screws 632 and two nuts, and the two T-shaped long screws 634 pass through the two T-shaped hooks 633 and are fixed to the two strip angle irons 631 by two nuts, and the angles are adjustable.

[0044] The square housing 61 has a positioning hole at the top and bottom, and can be fixed between the upper and lower strip iron plates 623 by screws, and can rotate 180° relative to the two strip iron plates 623, that is, the square housing 61 can rotate 90° left and right, and after adjusting to a suitable angle, it is firmly fixed by screws to prevent it from rotating again. Two strip angle irons 631 are welded to connect the connecting structure 62 and the fixing structure 63 together.

[0045] The antenna housing 6 of this embodiment is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, with a dielectric constant of 3.75 and a dielectric loss of 0.004. Glass fiber reinforced plastic has the following significant advantages: Glass fiber reinforced plastic is a non-metallic material, not easy to conduct electricity, has good insulation performance, and has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, lightning protection, anti-interference, and durability, which is very suitable for use in harsh environments such as lightning and rain. Glass fiber reinforced plastic has good electromagnetic wave penetration and will hardly affect the normal operation of the antenna; compared with metal materials, glass fiber reinforced plastic is not only light in weight and high in tensile strength, but also has excellent properties such as bulletproof, ant-proof and bite-proof.

[0046] The system floor 1 of this embodiment is made of metal aluminum material; each dielectric substrate is made of FR-4 material, the relative dielectric constant of the FR-4 material used in the present invention is 4.6, and the dielectric loss is 0.016; the characteristic impedance of all coaxial lines is 50 ohms. The size of each module of the multi-frequency fusion antenna of this embodiment can be designed and adjusted according to actual needs, and is not limited here.

[0047] In actual application, GNSS module 3 receives navigation signals from BDS, GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo multi-satellite systems in the 1.124–1.7GHz frequency band. GNSS feed network module 4 distributes the signals to four output ports and transmits them to the processing unit via coaxial lines to complete real-time dynamic positioning calculations and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the tower. The low-frequency unit 1×2 array of data path module 2 covers the 1.7–2.7GHz frequency band and supports 2G / 3G / 4G-LTE. The high-frequency unit 1×4 array covers 3.3–5.0GHz and supports 5G-NR. The data path feed network module 5 distributes the communication signals from the input port to the corresponding coaxial lines to ensure efficient transmission of multi-band signals. After the positioning data is generated, it is bound to the timestamp to form a monitoring data set. The data path module 2 establishes a connection with the remote server or monitoring center through multiple frequency bands, and gives priority to the frequency band with the strongest signal.

[0048] In summary, the GNSS module 3 provides high-precision positioning data, the data path module 2 is responsible for monitoring data feedback, the system floor 1 and the antenna housing 6 ensure physical stability and environmental adaptability, the GNSS feed network module 4 and the data path feed network module 5 ensure efficient and low-loss signal transmission and avoid crosstalk between modules. Through multi-frequency fusion, structural optimization and modular design, the positioning and communication functions are highly integrated to meet the stringent requirements of deformation monitoring of power towers.

[0049] The present invention combines GNSS and data paths to support multi-satellite navigation systems, optimizes the antenna system architecture, achieves high-precision positioning and high signal stability, improves the overall installation efficiency and system stability, has a small size, light weight, low cost, and extremely high market competitiveness, reduces installation complexity, reduces errors, and improves efficiency and stability. The PCB antenna used is small in size, light in weight, and low in cost. The special shell design is practical and easy to operate, which is conducive to installation on power towers. It can ensure accurate and efficient transmission of satellite navigation signals and data in harsh environments, and is suitable for the field of deformation monitoring of power towers.

[0050] The effect of the multi-frequency fusion antenna of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with simulation experiments.

[0051] See also Fig. 20 , Fig. 20 The isolation curve of a data path module provided by an embodiment of the present invention at 1.7GHz-2.7GHz, |S 21 | is the forward transmission coefficient of port P1 to port P2; |S 31 | is the forward transmission coefficient of port P1 to port P3; |S 41| is the forward transmission coefficient of port P1 to port P4. Obviously, in the working frequency band of 1.7GHz-2.7GHz, the isolation between port P1 and port P2 is less than -18.87dB, the isolation between port P1 and port P3 is less than -39.52dB, and the isolation between port P1 and port P4 is less than -23.33dB.

[0052] See also Fig.21 , Fig.21 The isolation curve of a data path module provided by an embodiment of the present invention at 3.3GHz-5.0GHz, |S 13 | is the forward transmission coefficient of port P3 to port P1; |S 23 | is the forward transmission coefficient of port P3 to port P2; |S 43 | is the forward transmission coefficient of port P3 to port P4. Obviously, in the operating frequency band of 3.3GHz-5.0GHz, the isolation between port P3 and port P1 is less than -32.95dB, the isolation between port P3 and port P2 is less than -31.26dB, and the isolation between port P3 and port P4 is less than -36.09dB.

[0053] See also Fig. 22 , Fig. 22 A reflection coefficient curve diagram of a data path module provided in an embodiment of the present invention, |S 11 | is the reflection coefficient of port P1, and the operating frequency band is 1.7 GHz-2.7 GHz; |S 22 | is the reflection coefficient of port P2, and the operating frequency band is 1.7 GHz-2.7 GHz; |S 33 | is the reflection coefficient of port P3, and the operating frequency band is 3.3GHz-5.0GHz; |S 44 | is the reflection coefficient of port P4, and the operating frequency band is 3.3GHz-5.0GHz.

[0054] See also Fig.23 , Fig.23 A reflection coefficient curve diagram of a GNSS module provided in an embodiment of the present invention, |S 55 | is the reflection coefficient of antenna port P5, and the operating frequency band is 1.124 GHz-1.7 GHz.

[0055] Then by Fig. 22As shown, the first frequency band 1.7-2.7 GHz of the data path module of the present invention can cover the two frequency bands of GSM1800 (1.71 GHz-1.85 GHz) and GSM1900 (1.85 GHz-1.99 GHz) of 2G; 1.7-2.7 GHz can cover the two frequency bands of TD-SCDMA (1.88 GHz-2.025 GHz) and WCDMA (1.92 GHz-2.17 GHz) of 3G; 1.7-2.7 GHz can cover the six frequency bands of Band 1 (1.92 GHz-2.17 GHz), Band 3 (1.71 GHz-1.88 GHz), Band 34 (2.01 GHz-2.025 GHz), Band 39 (1.88 GHz-1.92 GHz), Band 40 (2.3 GHz-2.4 GHz) and Band 41 (2.496 GHz-2.69 GHz) of 4G-LTE. The second frequency band 3.3-5.0 GHz of the data path module of the present invention can cover the three frequency bands of N77 (3.3 GHz-4.2 GHz), N78 (3.3 GHz-3.8 GHz) and N79 (4.4 GHz-5.0 GHz) of 5G-NR; the frequency band 1.124-1.7 GHz of the GNSS module of the present invention can cover all frequency bands of GPS (1.176 GHz-1.575 GHz), BDS (1.616 GHz-1.626 GHz), GLONASS (1.246 GHz-1.602 GHz) and GALILEO (1.278 GHz-1.575 GHz).

[0056] See also Fig.24 , Fig.24 A gain curve diagram of a data path module provided by an embodiment of the present invention shows that in the range of 1.124 GHz to 1.7 GHz, the average gain is about 9.04 dBi, and the peak value is 10.45 dBi, which occurs at 1.60 Hz.

[0057] See also Fig.25 , Fig.25 A gain curve diagram of a GNSS module provided in an embodiment of the present invention shows that in 1.7 GHz-2.7 GHz, the average gain is about 10.96 dBi, the peak is 11.43 dBi, and it occurs at 2.30 Hz; in 3.3 GHz-5.0 GHz, the average gain is about 10.62 dBi, the peak is 11.90 dBi, and it occurs at 3.90 Hz.

[0058] See also Fig.26 , Fig.26A multi-frequency fusion antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention has a radiation pattern at a frequency point Pi=0 of 1.5 GHz. The radiation characteristics of the multi-frequency fusion antenna are stable, the radiation intensity distribution in different directions is clear, and the radiation intensity performance near the 0° direction is outstanding.

[0059] See also Fig. 27 , Fig. 27 A multi-frequency fusion antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention has a radiation pattern at a frequency of 1.5 GHz Pi=90. In different angle directions, the pattern has a stable trend and has stable radiation pattern characteristics. The multi-frequency fusion antenna has good radiation performance under this frequency and angle conditions.

[0060] See also Fig.28 , Fig.28 A radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency point Pi=0 of 2.2 GHz provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the radiation direction of the multi-frequency fusion antenna does not show obvious distortion, the curves are stable, and it has a stable radiation direction characteristic.

[0061] See also Fig.29 , Fig.29 The embodiment of the present invention provides a radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna at a frequency point Pi=90 of 2.2 GHz. The radiation pattern of the multi-frequency fusion antenna performs well, has stable radiation performance, and has stable radiation direction characteristics.

[0062] See also Fig.30 , Fig.30 The radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention at the 3.45GHz frequency point Pi=0 has a high radiation intensity near the 0° direction, reflecting good directional radiation capability. The curves are smooth without obvious distortion, indicating that the radiation characteristics of the multi-frequency fusion antenna are stable at this frequency point, and can maintain good radiation performance in different directions, which is conducive to the effective transmission and reception of signals.

[0063] See also Fig.31 , Fig.31 The radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 3.45GHz, Pi=90, has outstanding radiation intensity near the 0° direction, showing good main lobe radiation characteristics, and can efficiently radiate signals in a specific direction. The curves are regular in shape, without obvious fluctuations or distortions, indicating that the radiation performance of the multi-frequency fusion antenna is stable at this frequency.

[0064] See also Fig.32 , Fig.32The radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 4.92GHz Pi=0 has a high radiation intensity near the 0° direction. The multi-frequency fusion antenna has a strong signal transmission and reception capability in this direction and good directional performance. At the same time, each curve has a smooth trend without obvious distortion or chaotic fluctuations. The radiation characteristics of the multi-frequency fusion antenna are stable at this frequency, and it can work reliably at different angles, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the radiation performance.

[0065] See also Fig.33 , Fig.33 The radiation pattern of a multi-frequency fusion antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 4.92GHz with Pi=90 shows a high radiation intensity near the 0° direction. The multi-frequency fusion antenna has excellent signal radiation capability in this direction and good directivity. In addition, the trend of each curve is relatively smooth, without drastic fluctuations or distortions. The radiation characteristics of the multi-frequency fusion antenna at this frequency are stable, and it can maintain good radiation performance consistency at different angles.

[0066] In summary, the multi-frequency fusion antenna of the present invention has many significant advantages. It supports multi-satellite navigation systems to achieve high-precision positioning and high signal stability. The innovative multi-frequency fusion technology optimizes the system architecture, reduces installation complexity, reduces errors and improves efficiency and stability. The PCB antenna used is small in size, light in weight and low in cost. The special shell design is practical and easy to operate, which is convenient for installation on power towers. It can ensure accurate and efficient transmission of satellite navigation signals and data in harsh environments. It is very competitive in the market and is suitable for the field of deformation monitoring of power towers.

[0067] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of power towers, characterized in that: include: A system floor (1), a data path module (2), a GNSS module (3), a GNSS feed network module (4), a data path feed network module (5) and an antenna housing (6), wherein: The data path module (2), the GNSS module (3), the GNSS feed network module (4) and the data path feed network module (5) are all fixed on the system floor (1); The GNSS module (3) is used to receive navigation signals from various satellite systems and transmit the navigation signals to a data processing unit to perform real-time dynamic positioning calculations and obtain monitoring data of the power tower; The GNSS feeding network module (4) is used to provide power distribution and phase control for the GNSS module (3); The data path module (2) supports multiple frequency bands in 2G / 3G / 4G-LTE / 5G-NR, and is used to bind the acquired monitoring data with a timestamp to form a complete monitoring data set, and transmit it to a remote server or a monitoring center; The data path feeding network module (5) is used to provide power distribution, impedance matching and phase control for the data path module (2), thereby realizing the transmission of multi-band signals; The system floor (1) is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the antenna housing (6).

2. The multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for electric power tower deformation monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data path module (2) comprises two low-frequency units (21) arranged at intervals and four high-frequency units (22) arranged at intervals, wherein: The two low-frequency units (21) form a 1×2 low-frequency unit array, and the four high-frequency units (22) form a 1×4 high-frequency unit array, all of which are located on the central axis of the system floor (1), and the first high-frequency unit and the third high-frequency unit of the four high-frequency units (22) are respectively arranged below the two low-frequency units (21); The low-frequency unit (21) covers a frequency band of 1.7-2.7 GHz, and the high-frequency unit (22) covers a frequency band of 3.3-5.0 GHz.

3. The multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for electric power tower deformation monitoring according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The low-frequency unit (21) comprises a first dielectric substrate (211), two first Y-shaped feeding structures (212) are arranged at the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (211), and four square annular dipole units (213) arranged in a 2×2 array and spaced from each other are arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate (211), wherein: Each first Y-shaped feeding structure (212) comprises two first arms (2121) of equal length and a short transition line (2122) connecting the first arms (2121), the two first arms (2121) being at an angle of ninety degrees, a side of the short transition line (2122) away from the first arm (2121) being vertically connected to a long transition line (2123), the other end of the long transition line (2123) being provided with a square patch (2124), and the long transition lines (2123) of the two first Y-shaped feeding structures (212) being perpendicular to each other and isolated from each other; Each square ring-shaped dipole unit (213) comprises an inner ring, a middle ring and an outer ring which are nested in sequence, and two first arms 2121 of equal length in each first Y-shaped feeding structure (212) are respectively parallel to the edges of the outer rings of the two square ring-shaped dipole units (213) below; The low-frequency unit (21) further comprises two first coaxial lines (214) for connecting the first Y-shaped feeding structure (212) and the square ring dipole unit (213) of the low-frequency unit (21) to the data path feeding network module (5).

4. The multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for electric power tower deformation monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each high-frequency unit (22) comprises a first upper structure and a first lower structure which are arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other, wherein: The first upper structure comprises a second dielectric substrate (221), a first circular through hole (222) is provided at the center of the second dielectric substrate (221), a parasitic patch (223) is provided at the center of the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate (221), and a circular hole that coincides with the first circular through hole (222) is provided at the center of the parasitic patch (223); The first lower structure comprises a third dielectric substrate (224), a second circular through hole (225) is provided at the center of the third dielectric substrate (224), four Γ-shaped feeding structures (226) are symmetrically distributed relative to the second circular through hole (225) are provided on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate (224), a driving patch (227) is provided at the center of the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate (224), a circular hole that coincides with the second circular through hole (225) is provided at the center of the driving patch (227), and a strip-shaped notch (228) is provided inwardly along the midpoint of each side of the driving patch (227).

5. The multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for electric power tower deformation monitoring according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Each high-frequency unit (22) further comprises four second coaxial lines (229), the outer conductors of the four second coaxial lines (229) are all connected to the driving patch (227), the inner conductors of the four second coaxial lines (229) are respectively connected to the Γ-shaped feeding structure (226) at the corresponding position through the via holes provided on the third dielectric substrate (224); the lower ends of the four second coaxial lines (229) are all connected to the data path feeding network module (5) through the system floor (1).

6. The multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for electric power tower deformation monitoring according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data path feed network module (5) comprises two low-frequency input ports, two high-frequency input ports, four low-frequency output ports and sixteen high-frequency output ports, wherein: The two low-frequency input ports and the two high-frequency input ports are both external connection ports; The lower ends of the four first coaxial lines (214) of the two low-frequency units (21) pass through the system floor (1) and are respectively connected to one of the four low-frequency output ports; The lower ends of the sixteen second coaxial lines (229) of the four high-frequency units (22) pass through the system floor (1) and are respectively connected to one of the sixteen high-frequency output ports.

7. The multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for electric power tower deformation monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that: The GNSS module (3) comprises two GNSS units arranged in a 1×2 array, each GNSS unit comprising a second upper structure (31) and a second lower structure (32), wherein: The second upper structure (31) comprises a fourth dielectric substrate (311), two cross-connected second Y-shaped feeding structures (312) are arranged at the center of the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate (311), and four square annular patches (313) arranged in a 2×2 array are arranged at the center of the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate (311); The second upper structure (31) comprises two third coaxial lines, the outer conductor of each third coaxial line is connected to one of the square annular patches (313), the inner conductor passes through a via hole provided on the fourth dielectric substrate (311) and is connected to one of the second Y-shaped feeding structures (312), and the lower end of each third coaxial line passes through the system floor (1) and is connected to the GNSS feeding network module (4).

8. The multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for electric power tower deformation monitoring according to claim 7, characterized in that: The GNSS feeding network module (4) comprises four output ports (L1, L2, L3, L4) and one input port (P5), wherein: The four output ports (L1, L2, L3, L4) of the GNSS feed network module (4) are respectively connected to the lower end of one of the third coaxial lines; And the input port (P5) is an external connection port.

9. The multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for deformation monitoring of power towers according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The antenna housing (6) comprises a square housing (61), a connecting structure (62) and a fixing structure (63), wherein: The system floor (1) together with the data path module (2), the GNSS module (3), the GNSS feed network module (4) and the data path feed network module (5) are fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the square shell (61); the connecting structure (62) is fixedly arranged between the square shell (61) and the fixed structure (63); The square shell (61) comprises a box-shaped structure (64) and a door panel (65); the system floor (1) is fixed in the box-shaped structure (64) by means of nylon studs; and the door panel (65) is fixed to the box-shaped structure (64) by means of screws.

10. The multi-frequency fusion antenna suitable for electric power tower deformation monitoring according to claim 9, characterized in that: The connection structure (62) comprises a support column (621), a connection piece (622) and two strip iron plates (623), wherein: The connecting piece (622) is vertically connected to the first end of the supporting column (621), the second end of the supporting column (621) is fixed to the fixing structure (63), and the two strip iron plates (623) are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the connecting piece (622) and are parallel to each other; The square housing (61) has a positioning hole at the top and the bottom, and is fixed between the two strip iron plates (623) by screws, and can rotate 180 degrees relative to the two strip iron plates (623).

Images