Aperiodic sensing reference signal triggering across frequency carriers

Abstract

Systems, apparatus, processes, and computer-readable media for wireless communication are disclosed. For example, an example of a process includes receiving a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier. The trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sense signal reception or aperiodic sense signal transmission in the second frequency carrier. The process also includes performing one of aperiodic sense signal reception or aperiodic sense signal transmission in the second frequency carrier based on the control information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to scheduling and / or processing sensing and communication signals for joint communication and sensing. For example, aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods for applying aperiodic sensing reference signal (S-RS) triggering for cross-frequency carriers (eg, component carriers or CCs). Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, and broadcasting. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication for multiple communication devices, which may be further referred to as user equipment (UE). Some wireless communication systems may support communication between UEs, which may involve direct transmission between two or more UEs.

[0003] As larger bandwidths are allocated to wireless cellular communication systems (e.g., including 5G and beyond 5G) and more use cases are introduced into cellular communication systems, multiplexing sensing and communication signals for joint communication and sensing may be an essential feature of existing or future wireless communication systems, such as to enhance the overall spectrum efficiency of the wireless communication network. Summary of the invention

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of the invention related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, the following summary of the invention should neither be considered as an exhaustive overview related to all conceived aspects, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements related to all conceived aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Therefore, the sole purpose of the following summary of the invention is to present certain concepts related to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein in a brief form before the detailed embodiments presented below.

[0005] Systems and techniques for wireless communication are described. According to at least one example, a network device for wireless communication is provided. The network device includes at least one memory and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receive a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and based on the control information, perform one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier.

[0006] In another illustrative example, a method for wireless communication at a network device is provided. The method includes: receiving a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and performing one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier based on the control information.

[0007] In another illustrative example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium of a network device is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and based on the control information, perform one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier.

[0008] In another illustrative example, a network device is provided. The network device includes: a component for receiving a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and a component for performing one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier based on the control information.

[0009] In another illustrative example, a network device for wireless communication is provided. The network device includes at least one memory and at least one processor, the at least one processor is coupled to the at least one memory and is configured to: send a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and based on opposite information of the control information, perform one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier.

[0010] In another illustrative example, a method for wireless communication at a network device is provided. The method includes: sending a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and performing one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier based on opposite information of the control information.

[0011] In another illustrative example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium of a network device is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: send a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and based on opposite information of the control information, perform one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier.

[0012] In another illustrative example, a network device is provided. The network device includes: a component for sending a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and a component for performing one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier based on opposite information of the control information.

[0013] In some aspects, one or more of the network device, apparatus, or other devices described herein is, is part of, and / or includes a user equipment (UE), a base station (e.g., a gNodeB (gNB) or an eNodeB (eNB)), or a part of a base station (e.g., one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC of a base station). The UE may be a wearable device, an extended reality (XR) device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device), a head mounted display (HMD) device, a wireless communication device, a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone and / or a mobile handset and / or a so-called "smartphone" or other mobile device), a camera, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a server computer, a vehicle, or a computing device or a component of a vehicle, another device, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the one or more of the network device, apparatus, or other devices may include one or more cameras for capturing one or more images. In some examples, the one or more of the network devices, apparatuses, or other devices may also include a display for displaying one or more images, notifications, and / or other displayable data. In some cases, the one or more of the network devices, apparatuses, or other devices may include one or more receivers, transmitters, or transceivers for receiving and / or sending wireless communications.

[0014] This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings, and each claim.

[0015] The foregoing and other features and aspects will become more apparent upon reference to the following description, claims and accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in describing various aspects of the present disclosure and are provided solely for illustration and not limitation of the aspects.

[0017] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques triggered by an aperiodic sensing reference signal (S-RS) for cross component carriers (CCs) in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station architecture that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system of an electronic device that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device utilizing radio frequency (RF) monostatic sensing techniques, according to some aspects of the present disclosure, which may be used by the disclosed systems and techniques described herein to determine one or more characteristics of a target object.

[0022] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver utilizing RF bistatic sensing techniques with one transmitter, which may be used by the disclosed systems and techniques described herein to determine one or more characteristics of a target object, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver utilizing RF bistatic sensing techniques with multiple transmitters, which may be used by the disclosed systems and techniques described herein to determine one or more characteristics of a target object, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating example geometries for bistatic (or monostatic) sensing in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating bistatic distances for bistatic sensing according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example of devices involved in wireless communications (eg, sidelink communications) according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a conventional comb-tooth structure for a reference signal.

[0028] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs, wherein the system is performing dual-station sensing of a target, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Fig.13is a diagram illustrating an example of sensing signals and communication signals multiplexed using time division multiplexing (TDM) for joint communication and sensing according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Fig.14 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource blocks including sensing signals and communication signals multiplexed using TDM and frequency division multiplexing (FDM) for joint communication and sensing according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] Fig.15 is a table illustrating example requirements for some different sensing use cases for cellular-based wide-area RF sensing in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] Fig.16 Included is a table illustrating example sensing capabilities of New Radio (NR) Reference Signals (RS) for different carriers in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] Fig.17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs, the system being performed cooperative sensing, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] Fig.18 is a graph illustrating an example of aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Fig.19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, wherein a sensing signal (eg, S-RS) is transmitted from a network device in the form of a base station.

[0036] Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, wherein a sensing signal (eg, S-RS) is transmitted from a network device in the form of a UE.

[0037] Fig.21 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for wireless communications utilizing a method for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0038] Fig. 22 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for wireless communications utilizing a method for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0039] Fig.23 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] For illustrative purposes, certain aspects of the present disclosure are provided below. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, alternative aspects may be designed. Additionally, well-known elements of the present disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted to avoid making the relevant details of the present disclosure difficult to understand. Some aspects described herein may be applied independently, and some of them may be applied in combination, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. In the following description, specific details are set forth for explanation purposes to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the application. However, it is apparent that various aspects may be implemented without these specific details. Each drawing and description is not intended to be restrictive.

[0041] The following description provides only example aspects and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the present disclosure. Instead, the following description of the example aspects will provide a description that can be used to implement the example aspects to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that various changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements without departing from the scope of the present application as set forth in the appended claims.

[0042] A radar sensing system uses a radio frequency (RF) waveform to perform RF sensing to determine or estimate one or more characteristics of a target object, such as the distance, angle, and / or speed of the target object. The target object may include a vehicle, an obstacle, a user, a building, or other objects. A typical radar system includes at least one transmitter, at least one receiver, and at least one processor. A radar sensing system may perform single-station sensing when one receiver co-located with a transmitter is employed. A radar system may perform dual-station sensing when one receiver of a first device is positioned away from a transmitter of a second device is employed. Similarly, a radar system may perform multi-station sensing when multiple receivers of multiple devices are employed that are all positioned away from at least one transmitter of at least one device.

[0043] During operation of the radar sensing system, a transmitter transmits an electromagnetic (EM) signal in the RF domain toward a target object. The signal reflects from the target object to produce one or more reflected signals that provide information or properties about the target, such as the position and velocity of the target object. At least one receiver receives the one or more reflected signals, and at least one processor that may be associated with the at least one receiver utilizes information from the one or more reflected signals to determine information or properties of the target object. The target object may also be referred to herein as a target.

[0044] Generally speaking, RF sensing involves monitoring moving targets with different motions (e.g., moving cars or pedestrians, human body motions such as breathing, and / or other micro-motions associated with the target). Doppler, which measures phase changes in the signal and indicates motion, is an important characteristic for sensing targets.

[0045] In some cases, a radar sensing signal, which may be referred to as a radar reference signal (RS), such as a sensing reference signal (S-RS), may be designed and used for sensing purposes. A radar RS does not contain any communication information. In contrast, a communication RS, such as a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), is typically designed and used only for communication purposes, such as estimating channel parameters for communication.

[0046] Cellular communication systems are designed to send communication signals on designated communication bands (e.g., 23 gigahertz (GHz), 3.5 GHz, etc. for 5G / NR, 2.2 GHz for LTE, etc.). RF sensing systems are designed to send RF sensing signals on designated radar RF bands (e.g., 77 GHz for autonomous driving). It is likely that the spectrum used for communication and sensing will be shared in future cellular communication systems, in which case communication and sensing should be considered jointly.

[0047] In some cases, as wireless communication systems (e.g., including cellular communication systems such as 4G / LTE, 5G / NR and beyond) are allocated greater bandwidth and more use cases are introduced into wireless communication systems, multiplexing (e.g., via time division multiplexing and / or frequency division multiplexing) sensing and communication signals for joint communication and sensing may be an essential feature of existing and future wireless communication systems. Performing wireless communication and radar sensing simultaneously may provide cost-effective deployment for both radar and communication systems.

[0048] Joint communication and radar sensing can provide mutual performance gains. For example, sensing information such as Doppler measurements can be used to improve communication link quality (e.g., sensing-assisted communication). In addition, cooperative sensing may be more feasible for wireless communication networks (e.g., communication-assisted sensing).

[0049] RF sensing is based on channel estimation using a sensing reference signal (S-RS). Similarly, channel estimation is performed for communications using RS (e.g., NRRS). In contrast to current New Radio (NR) reference signals (RS), S-RS may allow for more diverse use cases and more flexible sensing requirements. For example, different sensing use cases may have different maximum range and range resolution requirements (e.g., Fig.15 1500).

[0050] When a network device (e.g., a UE or a base station) is configured to perform S-RS measurements (e.g., channel estimation using S-RS) and communication RS measurements (e.g., channel estimation using NR RS) at the same frequency at the same time, a conflict (e.g., a conflict of sensing RS with communication RS) may occur. The probability of a collision between the S-RS and the current NR RS may increase due to limited frequency and time domain resources within a single frequency carrier. In a carrier aggregation (CA) scenario, it may be beneficial to implement aperiodic S-RS triggering across frequency carriers (e.g., component carriers) to reduce latency and conflicts. As used herein, a frequency carrier may also be referred to as a carrier.

[0051] CA allows for increased bandwidth by combining (e.g., aggregating) multiple carriers together to form an aggregated carrier. An aggregated carrier may be referred to as a component carrier (CC). For example, 5G NR CA may support up to sixteen (16) contiguous and non-contiguous CCs with different parameter sets (e.g., subcarrier spacing, bandwidth, and duration) in a frequency range one (FR1) band (e.g., less than or equal to six GHz) and in a frequency range two (FR2) band (e.g., millimeter wavelength range, such as 20 to 60 GHz).

[0052] Aperiodic S-RS triggering across carriers (e.g., CCs) may allow for reduction in latency and collisions, particularly for time division duplex (TDD) scenarios where some RSs may be dropped due to collisions with broadcast or uplink signals. In some aspects of the present disclosure, systems, apparatus, methods (also referred to as processes), and computer-readable media (collectively referred to herein as "systems and techniques") are described herein that provide solutions for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs to provide reduction in latency and collisions. In one or more aspects, the solution for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs may involve cell selection for a trigger signal, downlink control information (DCI) format selection for a trigger signal, and / or timeline definition between a trigger signal and an S-RS.

[0053] Additional aspects of the disclosure are described in more detail below.

[0054] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "network entity" are not intended to be dedicated to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise specified. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, and / or a tracking device, etc.), a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses, a wearable ring, and / or an extended reality (XR) device (such as a virtual reality (VR) headset, an augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or a mixed reality (MR) headset)), a vehicle (e.g., a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, etc.), and / or an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., for a user to communicate on a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or can be stationary (e.g., at certain times) and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" may be interchangeably referred to as an "access terminal" or "AT," "client device," "wireless device," "subscriber equipment," "subscriber terminal," "subscriber station," "user terminal" or "UT," "mobile device," "mobile terminal," "mobile station," or variations thereof. Typically, a UE may communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network, the UE may connect to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) network (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11 communication standards, etc.), and the like.

[0055] The network entity may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. A base station (e.g., having an aggregated / monolithic base station architecture or a disaggregated base station architecture) may operate in communication with a UE according to one of several RATs depending on the network in which the base station is deployed, and may alternatively be referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB (NB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may be primarily used to support wireless access for UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide edge node signaling functionality, while in other systems, a base station may provide additional control and / or network management functionality. The communication link by which a UE can transmit signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). The communication link by which a base station can transmit signals to a UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to an uplink, a reverse or downlink, and / or a forward traffic channel.

[0056] The term "network entity" or "base station" (e.g., having a converged / monolithic base station architecture or a disaggregated base station architecture) may refer to a single physical transmit-receive point (TRP) or multiple physical transmit-receive points (TRPs) that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an antenna array of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). Where the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and the neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signal (or "reference signal" for short) the UE is measuring. Because, as used herein, a TRP is the point through which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references to transmitting from a base station or receiving at a base station should be understood to refer to a specific TRP of a base station.

[0057] In some specific implementations of supporting UE positioning, a network entity or base station may not support wireless access of the UE (e.g., may not support data, voice and / or signaling connections with respect to the UE), but may instead send a reference signal to be measured by the UE to the UE, and / or may receive and measure a signal sent by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., in the case of sending a signal to the UE) and / or as a position measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring a signal from the UE).

[0058] RF signals include electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between a transmitter and a receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a "wireless signal" or simply a "signal" where it is clear from the context that the term "signal" refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0059] According to various aspects, Figure 1An exemplary wireless communication system 100 is illustrated, which can be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs described herein. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. In some aspects, the base stations 102 may also be referred to as "network entities" or "network nodes". One or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in a decomposed base station architecture and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. The base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macro cell base station may include an eNB and / or an ng-eNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network), or a gNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include a femto cell, a pico cell, a micro cell, etc.

[0060] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through a backhaul link 122, and interface to one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of the core network 170 or may be external to the core network 170) through the core network 170. The base stations 102 may perform functions related to one or more of the following, among other functions: delivering user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC or 5GC) through a backhaul link 134 (which may be wired and / or wireless).

[0061] Base station 102 may communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each of base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, base station 102 in each coverage area 110 may support one or more cells. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a certain frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or other protocol types) that may provide access to different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term "cell" may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting it, depending on the context. In addition, since a TRP is typically a physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" may be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" may also refer to a geographic coverage area (eg, a sector) of a base station, as long as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communications within some portion of the geographic coverage area 110.

[0062] Although the geographic coverage areas 110 of neighboring macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover area), some areas of the geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with the larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG).

[0063] The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmissions from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmissions from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may be over one or more carrier frequencies. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink).

[0064] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a WLAN AP 150 in communication with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 gigahertz (GHz)). When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure before communicating to determine whether a channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a device (e.g., UE, etc.) that communicates with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc. using an ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum may range from 3.1 GHz to 10.5 GHz.

[0065] The small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in the unlicensed spectrum, the small cell base station 102' can adopt LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102' adopting LTE and / or 5G in the unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) or MulteFire.

[0066] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180, which may operate at mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 182. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a decomposed base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of a CU, DU, RU, near RT RIC, or non-RT RIC). Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with a wavelength between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 mm. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, which is also referred to as centimeter waves. Communications using mmW and / or near mmW radio frequency bands have high path loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short distance. In addition, it should be understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near-mmW and beamforming. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0067] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). With transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal to the receiving device. In order to change the directionality of the RF signal when transmitting, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that broadcast the RF signal. For example, a network node can use an array of antennas (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that creates RF beams that can be "steered" to point in different directions without actually moving the antenna. Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas in the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the independent antennas are added together in the desired direction to increase the radiation, and canceled in the undesired direction to suppress the radiation.

[0068] The transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning that they have the same parameters for a receiver (e.g., a UE) regardless of whether the transmit antennas of the network nodes themselves are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters about the second reference RF signal on the second beam can be derived based on information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal sent on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal sent on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal sent on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type D, the receiver may use the source reference RF signal to estimate spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0069] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, a receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array in a particular direction and / or adjust the phase setting of an antenna array in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., increase its gain level) the RF signal received from that direction. Thus, when a receiver is said to be beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of other beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0070] The receive beams may be spatially correlated. The spatial relationship means that the parameters for the transmit beam for the second reference signal may be derived from information about the receive beam for the first reference signal. For example, the UE may receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signal (PRS), tracking reference signal (TRS), phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), cell-specific reference signal (CRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), synchronization signal block (SSB), etc.) from a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) using a specific receive beam. The UE may then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam for transmitting one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., uplink positioning reference signal (UL-PRS), sounding reference signal (SRS), demodulation reference signal (DMRS), PTRS, etc.) to the network node or entity (e.g., a base station).

[0071] Note that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) is forming a downlink beam to send a reference signal to a UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, the downlink beam is a receive beam that receives a downlink reference signal. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, and if the UE is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0072] In 5G, the spectrum in which a wireless network node or entity (e.g., base station 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) operates is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 megahertz (MHz) to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In a multi-carrier system (such as 5G), one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as a "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving cell" or "PCell", and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers" or "secondary serving cells" or "SCells". In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is a carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by the UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2), which can be configured and used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, since the primary uplink carrier and the primary downlink carrier are usually UE-specific, those signaling information and signals specific to the UE may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carrier. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency or component carrier that some base stations are using to communicate, the terms "cell", "serving cell", "component carrier", "carrier frequency", etc. can be used interchangeably.

[0073] For example, still referring to Figure 1, one of the frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("SCells"). In carrier aggregation, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 may use spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz) per carrier, with up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) in each direction for transmission. The component carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other in the spectrum. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than the uplink). The simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rate. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) compared to the data rate obtained with a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0074] In order to operate on multiple carrier frequencies, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 are equipped with multiple receivers and / or transmitters. For example, the UE 104 may have two receivers, namely "receiver 1" and "receiver 2", where "receiver 1" is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to band (i.e., carrier frequency) "X" or band "Y", and "receiver 2" is a single-band receiver that can be tuned to only band "Z". In this example, if the UE 104 is being served in band "X", band "X" will be referred to as the PCell or active carrier frequency, and "receiver 1" will need to tune from band "X" to band "Y" (SCell) to measure band "Y" (and vice versa). In contrast, regardless of whether the UE 104 is being served in band "X" or band "Y", due to the separate "receiver 2", the UE 104 can measure band "Z" without interrupting the service on band "X" or band "Y".

[0075] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with the macrocell base station 102 over the communication link 120 and / or communicate with the mmW base station 180 over the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0076] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “side links”). Figure 1 In the example of FIG. 1 , UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of base stations 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through the D2D P2P link), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through the D2D P2P link). In an example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can use any well-known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth ® As mentioned above, UE 104 and UE 190 can be configured to communicate using sidelink communications. In some cases, the sidelink transmission can include a request for feedback from the receiving UE (e.g., hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)).

[0077] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station architecture that can be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs. The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality) can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a NodeB (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an AP, a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also called a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0078] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0079] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configurations such as those initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0080] As mentioned earlier, Figure 2 A diagram illustrating an exemplary decomposed base station 201 architecture is shown. The decomposed base station 201 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 211 that may communicate directly with a core network 223 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 223 through one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 227 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 217 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 207, or both. The CU 211 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 231 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 231 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 241 via respective fronthaul links. The RU 241 may communicate with respective UEs 221 via one or more RF access links. In some implementations, a UE 221 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 241.

[0081] Each of the units (i.e., CU 211, DU 231, RU 241, and near-RT RIC 227, non-RT RIC 217, and SMO framework 207) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface that is configured to receive or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, the unit may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) that is configured to receive or send signals, or both, to one or more of the other units on a wireless transmission medium.

[0082] In some aspects, CU 211 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 211. CU211 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 211 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 211 may be implemented to communicate with DU 231 for network control and signal transmission.

[0083] DU 231 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 241. In some aspects, DU 231 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to functional divisions such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 231 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 231 or with control functions hosted by CU 211.

[0084] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 241. In some deployments, the RU 241 controlled by the DU 231 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on functional splitting (such as lower layer functional splitting). In such an architecture, the RU 241 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 221. In some specific implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 241 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 231. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 231 and the CU 211 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0085] The SMO framework 207 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 207 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 207 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 291) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 211, DU 231, RU 241, and near-RT RIC 227. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 207 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 213) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 207 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 241 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 207 may also include a non-RT RIC 217 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 207 .

[0086] The non-RT RIC 217 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 227. The non-RT RIC 217 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 227 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 227 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 211, one or more DUs 231, or both, and the O-eNB 213 with the near-RT RIC 227.

[0087] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 227, the non-RT RIC 217 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 227 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 207 or the non-RT RIC 217. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 217 or the near-RT RIC 227 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 217 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 207 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0088] Various radio frame structures may be used to support downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, and sidelink transmissions between network nodes (eg, base stations and UEs). Figure 3 is a diagram 300 illustrating an example of a frame structure that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0089] NR (and LTE) utilizes OFDM on the downlink and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option of using OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also often referred to as tones, frequency bins, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. In general, modulation symbols are transmitted in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the spacing of the subcarriers can be 15kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180kHz). Thus, for a system bandwidth of 1.25 megahertz (MHz), 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, the nominal fast Fourier transform (FFT) size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth may also be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for a system bandwidth of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, respectively.

[0090] LTE supports a single parameter set (subcarrier spacing, symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR can support multiple parameter sets (µ). For example, 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 240kHz or larger subcarrier spacing (SCS) may be available. Table 1 provided below lists some different parameters for different NR parameter sets.

[0091]

[0092] Table 1

[0093] In one example, a 15 kHz parameter set is used. Thus, in the time domain, a 10 millisecond (ms) frame is divided into 10 equally sized subframes, each subframe is 1 ms, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 3 , time is represented in the horizontal direction (eg, on the X-axis), where time increases from left to right, and frequency is represented in the vertical direction (eg, on the Y-axis), where frequency increases (or decreases) from bottom to top.

[0094] A resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each of which includes one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. Figure 3 An example of a resource block (RB) 302 is illustrated. Data or information for joint communication and sensing may be included in one or more RBs 302. RBs 302 are arranged by placing the time domain on the horizontal (or x) axis and the frequency domain on the vertical (or y) axis. As shown, RBs 302 may be 180 kilohertz (kHz) wide in frequency and one slot long in time (where a slot is 1 millisecond (ms) in time). In some cases, a slot may include fourteen symbols (e.g., in slot configuration 0). RBs 302 include twelve subcarriers (along the y-axis) and fourteen symbols (along the x-axis).

[0095] The intersection of a symbol and a subcarrier may be referred to as a resource element (RE) 304 or a tone. Figure 3 An RB 302 includes a plurality of REs, which include resource elements (REs) 304. For example, RE 304 is 1 subcarrier x 1 symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) and is the smallest discrete part of a subframe. RE 304 includes a single complex value representing data from a physical channel or signal. The number of bits carried by each RE 304 depends on the modulation scheme.

[0096] In some aspects, some REs 304 may be used to transmit downlink reference (pilot) signals (DL-RS). DL-RS may include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), etc. Figure 3 The resource grid of illustrates exemplary locations (labeled as “R”) of REs 304 for transmitting DL-RS.

[0097] Figure 4 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a computing system 470 of an electronic device 407 that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs. The electronic device 407 is an example of a device that may include hardware and software for connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems using a communication network (e.g., a third generation partner network such as a fifth generation (5G) / new radio (NR) network, a fourth generation (4G) / long term evolution (LTE) network, a WiFi network, or other communication network). For example, the electronic device 407 may include or be a part of a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone), a wearable device (e.g., a web-connected or smartwatch), an extended reality device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device), a personal computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wireless access point, a router, a vehicle or a component of a vehicle, a server computer, a robotic device, and / or other devices used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network. In some cases, such as when referring to a device configured to communicate using 5G / NR, 4G / LTE, or other telecommunication standards, the device 407 may be referred to as a user equipment (UE). In some cases, such as when referring to a device configured to communicate using the Wi-Fi standard, the device may be referred to as a station (STA).

[0098] The computing system 470 includes software and hardware components that may be electrically or communicatively coupled via a bus 489 (or may communicate in other ways, as appropriate). For example, the computing system 470 includes one or more processors 484. The one or more processors 484 may include one or more CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, APs, GPUs, VPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, dedicated hardware, any combination thereof, and / or other processing devices and / or systems. The bus 489 may be used by the one or more processors 484 to communicate between cores and / or with one or more memory devices 486.

[0099] The computing system 470 may also include one or more memory devices 486, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 482, one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) 474, one or more modems 476, one or more wireless transceivers 478, one or more antennas 487, one or more input devices 472 (e.g., a camera, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch-sensitive screen, a touchpad, a keypad, a microphone or microphone array, etc.), and one or more output devices 480 (e.g., a display, a speaker, a printer, etc.).

[0100] One or more wireless transceivers 478 can receive wireless signals (e.g., signal 488) via antenna 487 from one or more other devices such as other user devices, network devices (e.g., base stations such as evolved NodeB (eNB) and / or gNodeB (gNB)), WiFi access points (APs) such as routers, range extenders, etc.), cloud networks, etc. In some examples, computing system 470 may include multiple antennas or antenna arrays that can facilitate simultaneous transmission and reception functionality. Antenna 487 can be an omnidirectional antenna so that RF signals can be received from all directions and RF signals can be transmitted in all directions. Wireless signal 488 can be sent via a wireless network. The wireless network can be any wireless network, such as a cellular or telecommunications network (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), a wireless local area network (e.g., a WiFi network), a Bluetooth ™ network and / or other networks. In some examples, one or more wireless transceivers 478 may include an RF front end that includes one or more components such as an amplifier, a mixer for down-converting a signal (also referred to as a signal multiplier), a frequency synthesizer (also referred to as an oscillator) that provides a signal to the mixer, a baseband filter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), one or more power amplifiers, and other components. The RF front end may generally handle the selection of the wireless signal 488 and the conversion of the wireless signal to baseband or an intermediate frequency, and may convert the RF signal to the digital domain.

[0101] In some cases, computing system 470 may include a coding-decoding device (or CODEC) configured to encode and / or decode data transmitted and / or received using one or more wireless transceivers 478. In some cases, computing system 470 may include an encryption-decryption device or component configured to encrypt and / or decrypt data transmitted and / or received by one or more wireless transceivers 478 (e.g., in accordance with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and / or Data Encryption Standard (DES) standards).

[0102] One or more SIMs 474 can each securely store an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and associated keys assigned to a user of the electronic device 407. The IMSI and keys can be used to identify and authenticate the subscriber when accessing a network provided by a network service provider or operator associated with the one or more SIMs 474. One or more modems 476 can modulate one or more signals to encode information for transmission using one or more wireless transceivers 478. One or more modems 476 can also demodulate signals received by one or more wireless transceivers 478 to decode the transmitted information. In some examples, one or more modems 476 can include a WiFi modem, a 4G (or LTE) modem, a 5G (or NR) modem, and / or other types of modems. One or more modems 476 and one or more wireless transceivers 478 can be used to communicate data of one or more SIMs 474.

[0103] The computing system 470 may also include (and / or be in communication with) one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media or storage devices (e.g., one or more memory devices 486), which may include, but are not limited to, local and / or network accessible storage, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices (such as RAM and / or ROM), which may be programmable, flash-updatable, and / or the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including, but not limited to, various file systems, database structures, etc.

[0104] In various aspects, the functionality may be stored as one or more computer program products (e.g., instructions or code) in the memory device 486 and executed by the one or more processors 484 and / or the one or more DSPs 482. The computing system 470 may also include software elements (e.g., located within the one or more memory devices 486) including, for example, an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more applications, which may include a computer program that implements the functionality provided by the various aspects, and / or may be designed to implement methods and / or configure systems, as described herein.

[0105] In some aspects, the electronic device 407 may include components for performing the operations described herein. The components may include one or more components of the computing system 470. For example, the components for performing the operations described herein may include one or more of the input device 472, the SIM 474, the modem 476, the wireless transceiver 478, the output device 480, the DSP 482, the processor 484, the memory device 486, and / or the antenna 487.

[0106] In some aspects, the electronic device 407 may include components for providing joint communication and sensing and components for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs, for example, when multiplexing sensing signals and communication signals for joint communication and sensing. In some examples, any or all of these components may include one or more wireless transceivers 478, one or more modems 476, one or more processors 484, one or more DSPs 482, one or more memory devices 486, any combination thereof, or other components of the electronic device 407.

[0107] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device 500 utilizing RF single-station sensing techniques for determining one or more characteristics (eg, position, velocity or speed, heading, etc.) of a target 502 object. Specifically, Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device 500 (e.g., a transmit / receive sensing node) that utilizes RF sensing technology (e.g., single-station sensing) to perform one or more functions, such as detecting the presence and location of a target 502 (e.g., an object, user, or vehicle), which is illustrated in the figure in the form of a vehicle.

[0108] In some examples, wireless device 500 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, a vehicle, an extended reality (XR) device, a computing device or a component of a vehicle, or other device that includes at least one RF interface (e.g., Figure 4 In some examples, the wireless device 500 may be a user device (e.g., Figure 4 An electronic device 407) provides connectivity, such as a base station (e.g., gNB, eNB, etc.), a wireless access point (AP), or other device including at least one RF interface.

[0109] In some aspects, the wireless device 500 may include one or more components for transmitting RF signals. The wireless device 500 may include at least one processor 522 for generating a digital signal or waveform. The wireless device 500 may also include a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 504 capable of receiving a digital signal or waveform from the processor 522 (e.g., a microprocessor) and converting the digital signal or waveform into an analog waveform. The analog signal as an output of the DAC 504 may be provided to the RF transmitter 506 for transmission. The RF transmitter 506 may be a Wi-Fi transmitter, a 5G / NR transmitter, a Bluetooth transmitter, or a wireless transmitter. ™ transmitter or any other transmitter capable of transmitting RF signals.

[0110] The RF transmitter 506 can be coupled to one or more transmit antennas, such as a Tx antenna 512. In some examples, the transmit (Tx) antenna 512 can be an omnidirectional antenna capable of transmitting RF signals in all directions. For example, the Tx antenna 512 can be an omnidirectional Wi-Fi antenna capable of radiating Wi-Fi signals (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, etc.) in a 360-degree radiation pattern. In another example, the Tx antenna 512 can be a directional antenna that transmits RF signals in a specific direction.

[0111] In some examples, the wireless device 500 may also include one or more components for receiving RF signals. For example, the receiver array in the wireless device 500 may include one or more receiving antennas, such as a receiving (Rx) antenna 514. In some examples, the Rx antenna 514 may be an omnidirectional antenna capable of receiving RF signals from multiple directions. In other examples, the Rx antenna 514 may be a directional antenna configured to receive signals from a specific direction. In another example, the Tx antenna 512 and / or the Rx antenna 514 may include multiple antennas (e.g., elements) configured as an antenna array (e.g., a phased antenna array).

[0112] The wireless device 500 may also include an RF receiver 510 coupled to an Rx antenna 514. The RF receiver 510 may include a signal for receiving RF waveforms such as Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth signals, ™ The RF receiver 510 may be configured to receive a received analog RF waveform, a 5G / NR signal, or any other RF signal. The output of the RF receiver 510 may be coupled to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 508. The ADC 508 may be configured to convert the received analog RF waveform into a digital waveform. The digital waveform as the output of the ADC 508 may be provided to a processor 522 for processing. The processor 522 (e.g., a digital signal processor (DSP)) may be configured to process the digital waveform.

[0113] In one example, the wireless device 500 can implement an RF sensing technique, such as a single-station sensing technique, by having a Tx waveform 516 transmitted from the Tx antenna 512. Although the Tx waveform 516 is illustrated as a single line, in some cases, the Tx waveform 516 can be transmitted in all directions by the omnidirectional Tx antenna 512. In one example, the Tx waveform 516 can be a Wi-Fi waveform transmitted by a Wi-Fi transmitter in the wireless device 500. In some cases, the Tx waveform 516 can correspond to a Wi-Fi waveform transmitted at the same time or nearly at the same time as a Wi-Fi data communication signal or a Wi-Fi control function signal (e.g., a beacon transmission). In some examples, the Tx waveform 516 can be transmitted using the same or similar frequency resources as the Wi-Fi data communication signal or the Wi-Fi control function signal (e.g., a beacon transmission). In some aspects, the Tx waveform 516 can correspond to a Wi-Fi waveform transmitted separately from the Wi-Fi data communication signal and / or the Wi-Fi control signal (e.g., the Tx waveform 516 can be transmitted at a different time and / or using different frequency resources).

[0114] In some examples, Tx waveform 516 may correspond to a 5G NR waveform transmitted simultaneously or nearly simultaneously with a 5G NR data communication signal or a 5G NR control function signal. In some examples, Tx waveform 516 may be transmitted using the same or similar frequency resources as the 5G NR data communication signal or the 5G NR control function signal. In some aspects, Tx waveform 516 may correspond to a 5G NR waveform transmitted separately from the 5G NR data communication signal and / or the 5G NR control signal (e.g., Tx waveform 516 may be transmitted at a different time and / or using different frequency resources).

[0115] In some aspects, one or more parameters associated with the Tx waveform 516 may be modified, which may be used to increase or decrease RF sensing resolution. These parameters may include frequency, bandwidth, number of spatial streams, number of antennas configured to transmit the Tx waveform 516, number of antennas configured to receive reflected RF signals (e.g., Rx waveform 518) corresponding to the Tx waveform 516, number of spatial links (e.g., number of spatial streams multiplied by number of antennas configured to receive RF signals), sampling rate, or any combination thereof. The transmitted waveform (e.g., Tx waveform 516) and the received waveform (e.g., Rx waveform 518) may include one or more RF sensing signals, which are also referred to as radar reference signals (RS).

[0116] In another example, the Tx waveform 516 may be implemented as a sequence with perfect or nearly perfect autocorrelation properties. For example, the Tx waveform 516 may include a single carrier Zadoff sequence or may include symbols similar to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) long training field (LTF) symbols. In some cases, the Tx waveform 516 may include a chirp signal as used, for example, in a frequency modulated continuous wave (FM-CW) radar system. In some configurations, the chirp signal may include a signal in which the signal frequency increases and / or decreases periodically in a linear and / or exponential manner.

[0117] In some aspects, the wireless device 500 can implement RF sensing techniques by performing alternating transmit and receive functions (e.g., performing half-duplex operation). For example, the wireless device 500 can alternately enable its RF transmitter 506 to transmit Tx waveform 516 when the RF receiver 510 is not enabled to receive (i.e., not receiving), and enable its RF receiver 510 to receive Rx waveform 518 when the RF transmitter 506 is not enabled to transmit (i.e., not transmitting). When the wireless device 500 performs half-duplex operation, the wireless device 500 can transmit the Tx waveform 516, which can be a radar RS (e.g., a sensing signal).

[0118] In other aspects, the wireless device 500 can implement RF sensing techniques by performing concurrent transmit and receive functions (e.g., performing sub-band or full-band full-duplex operation). For example, the wireless device 500 can enable its RF receiver 510 to receive at or nearly the same time as it enables its RF transmitter 506 to transmit the Tx waveform 516. When the wireless device 500 performs full-duplex operation (e.g., sub-band full-duplex or full-band full-duplex), the wireless device 500 can transmit the Tx waveform 516, which can be a radar RS (e.g., a sensing signal).

[0119] In some examples, the transmission of a sequence or pattern included in the Tx waveform 516 may be continuously repeated such that the sequence is transmitted a specific number of times or for a specific duration. In some examples, if the RF receiver 510 is enabled after the RF transmitter 506, the repetition of the pattern in the transmission of the Tx waveform 516 may be used to avoid missing the reception of any reflected signals. In one example implementation, the Tx waveform 516 may include a sequence having a sequence length L that is transmitted two or more times, which may allow the RF receiver 510 to be enabled at a time less than or equal to L to receive the reflections corresponding to the entire sequence without losing any information.

[0120] By implementing alternating or simultaneous transmit and receive functionality (e.g., half-duplex or full-duplex operation), the wireless device 500 can receive a signal corresponding to the Tx waveform 516. For example, the wireless device 500 can receive a signal reflected from an object or person within the range of the Tx waveform 516, such as the Rx waveform 518 reflected from the target 502. The wireless device 500 can also receive a leakage signal (e.g., Tx leakage signal 520) that is directly coupled from the Tx antenna 512 to the Rx antenna 514 without reflecting from any object. For example, the leakage signal may include a signal that is passed from a transmitter antenna (e.g., Tx antenna 512) on the wireless device to a receiving antenna (e.g., Rx antenna 514) on the wireless device without reflecting from any object. In some cases, the Rx waveform 518 may include multiple sequences corresponding to multiple copies of the sequence included in the Tx waveform 516. In some examples, the wireless device 500 may combine multiple sequences received by the RF receiver 510 to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

[0121] The wireless device 500 may also implement RF sensing techniques by obtaining RF sensing data associated with each of the received signals corresponding to the Tx waveform 516. In some examples, the RF sensing data may include channel state information (CSI) data related to a direct path of the Tx waveform 516 (e.g., the leakage signal 520) and data related to a reflected path corresponding to the Tx waveform 516 (e.g., the Rx waveform 518).

[0122] In some aspects, the RF sensing data (e.g., CSI data) may include information that may be used to determine the manner in which an RF signal (e.g., Tx waveform 516) propagates from the RF transmitter 506 to the RF receiver 510. The RF sensing data may include data corresponding to the effects on the transmitted RF signal due to scattering, fading, and / or power attenuation with distance, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the RF sensing data may include imaginary data and real data (e.g., I / Q components) corresponding to each tone in the frequency domain over a particular bandwidth.

[0123] In some examples, the RF sensing data can be used by the processor 522 to calculate the distance and angle of arrival corresponding to the reflected waveform, such as the Rx waveform 518. In other examples, the RF sensing data can also be used to detect motion, determine position, detect changes in position or motion patterns, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the distance and angle of arrival of the reflected signal can be used to identify the size, position, movement, and / or orientation of an object (e.g., the object 502) in the surrounding environment in order to detect the presence / proximity of the object.

[0124] The processor 522 of the wireless device 500 can calculate the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the reflected waveform (e.g., the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 518) by utilizing signal processing, machine learning algorithms, any other suitable technology, or any combination thereof. In other examples, the wireless device 500 can send or transmit the RF sensing data to at least one processor of another computing device such as a server or a base station, and the other computing device can perform calculations to obtain the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 518 or other reflected waveforms.

[0125] In one example, the distance of the Rx waveform 518 can be calculated by measuring the time difference from receiving the leakage signal to receiving the reflected signal. For example, the wireless device 500 can determine a baseline distance of zero based on the difference from the time the wireless device 500 transmits the Tx waveform 516 to the time it receives the leakage signal 520 (e.g., propagation delay). The processor 522 of the wireless device 500 can then determine the distance associated with the Rx waveform 518 based on the difference from the time the wireless device 500 transmits the Tx waveform 516 to the time it receives the Rx waveform 518 (e.g., flight time, which is also referred to as round trip time (RTT)), and can then adjust the distance based on the propagation delay associated with the leakage signal 520. By doing so, the processor 522 of the wireless device 500 can determine the distance traveled by the Rx waveform 518, which can be used to determine the presence and movement of the target (e.g., target 502) that caused the reflection.

[0126] In further examples, the angle of arrival of the Rx waveform 518 may be calculated by the processor 522 by measuring the time difference of arrival of the Rx waveform 518 between various elements of the receive antenna array, such as the antenna 514. In some examples, the time difference of arrival may be calculated by measuring the difference in the received phase at each element in the receive antenna array.

[0127] In some cases, the distance and angle of arrival of the Rx waveform 518 may be used by the processor 522 to determine the distance between the wireless device 500 and the target 502 and the position of the target 502 relative to the wireless device 500. The distance and angle of arrival of the Rx waveform 518 may also be used to determine the presence, movement, proximity, identity, or any combination thereof of the target 502. For example, the processor 522 of the wireless device 500 may utilize the calculated distance and angle of arrival corresponding to the Rx waveform 518 to determine that the target 502 is moving toward the wireless device 500.

[0128] As mentioned above, the wireless device 500 may include a mobile device (e.g., an IoT device, a smart phone, a laptop, a tablet computer, etc.) or other types of devices. In some examples, the wireless device 500 may be configured to obtain device location data and device orientation data as well as RF sensing data. In some cases, the device location data and device orientation data may be used to determine or adjust the distance and angle of arrival of a reflected signal such as the Rx waveform 518. For example, when the target 502 (e.g., a vehicle) moves toward the wireless device 500 during the RF sensing process, the wireless device may be set on the ground facing the sky. In this case, the wireless device 500 may use its location data and orientation data as well as the RF sensing data to determine the direction in which the target 502 is moving.

[0129] In some examples, the wireless device 500 can collect device location data using techniques including RTT measurements, time of arrival (TOA) measurements, time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, passive positioning measurements, angle of arrival (AOA) measurements, angle of departure (AoD) measurements, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, CSI data, using any other suitable techniques, or any combination thereof. In further examples, device orientation data can be obtained from electronic sensors on the wireless device 500 such as a gyroscope, accelerometer, compass, magnetometer, barometer, any other suitable sensor, or any combination thereof.

[0130] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver 604 utilizing RF monostatic sensing techniques with one transmitter 600 for determining one or more characteristics (e.g., position, velocity or speed, heading, etc.) of a target 602 object. For example, the receiver 604 may use RF bistatic sensing to detect the presence and position of a target 602 (e.g., an object, user, or vehicle) that is located at a predetermined location. Figure 6 In one example, the receiver 604 may be in the form of a base station such as a gNB.

[0131] Figure 6 The bistatic radar system of FIG. 6 comprises a transmitter 600 (eg, a transmitting sensing node), which is depicted in the figure as being in the form of a base station (eg, a gNB), and a receiver 604 (eg, a receiving sensing node), which are separated by a distance comparable to the expected target distance. Figure 5 Compared with the single-station system, Figure 6 The transmitter 600 and the receiver 604 of the bistatic radar system are located far away from each other. In contrast, a monostatic radar is a radar system that includes co-located transmitters (e.g., Figure 5 The RF transmitter 506 of the wireless device 500) and the receiver (e.g., Figure 5The RF receiver 510 of the wireless device 500) is a radar system (e.g., Figure 5 system).

[0132] An advantage of a bistatic radar (or more generally, a multistatic radar with more than one receiver) over a monostatic radar is the ability to collect radar echoes reflected from a scene at angles different than the angle at which the pulse was transmitted. This may be of interest in some applications (e.g., vehicle applications, scenes with multiple objects, military applications, etc.) where targets may reflect transmitted energy in many directions (e.g., where targets are specifically designed to reflect in many directions), which may minimize the energy reflected back to the transmitter. It should be noted that in one or more examples, a monostatic system may coexist with a multistatic radar system, such as when the transmitter also has a co-located receiver.

[0133] In some examples, Figure 6 The transmitter 600 and / or the receiver 604 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, a vehicle, or other device including at least one RF interface (e.g., Figure 4 In some examples, the transmitter 600 and / or the receiver 604 may be a user device (eg, Figure 4 IoT device 407) provides connectivity to the device, such as a base station (e.g., gNB, eNB, etc.), a wireless access point (AP), or other device including at least one RF interface.

[0134] In some aspects, the transmitter 600 may include one or more components for transmitting RF signals. The transmitter 600 may include at least one processor (e.g., Figure 5 The transmitter 600 may also include an RF transmitter (eg, Figure 5 The RF transmitter 506 may be a transmitter configured to transmit a cellular signal or a telecommunication signal (e.g., a transmitter configured to transmit a 5G / NR signal, a 4G / LTE signal, or other cellular signal / telecommunication signal, etc.), a Wi-Fi transmitter, a Bluetooth transmitter, or a wireless transmitter. ™ transmitter, any combination thereof, or any other transmitter capable of transmitting RF signals.

[0135] The RF transmitter may be coupled to one or more transmit antennas, such as a Tx antenna (e.g., Figure 5TX antenna 512). In some examples, the Tx antenna may be an omnidirectional antenna capable of transmitting RF signals in all directions, or a directional antenna capable of transmitting RF signals in a specific direction. In some examples, the Tx antenna may include multiple antennas (e.g., elements) configured as an antenna array.

[0136] The receiver 604 may also include one or more components for receiving RF signals. For example, the receiver 604 may include one or more receiving antennas, such as Rx antennas (e.g., Figure 5 In some examples, the Rx antenna may be an omnidirectional antenna capable of receiving RF signals from multiple directions, or a directional antenna configured to receive signals from a specific direction. In another example, the Rx antenna may include multiple antennas (e.g., elements) configured as an antenna array.

[0137] The receiver 604 may also include an RF receiver (eg, Figure 5 The RF receiver may include a RF receiver 510 for receiving RF waveforms (such as Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth ™ The output of the RF receiver may be coupled to at least one processor (e.g., Figure 5 The processor may be configured to process the received waveform (eg, Rx waveform 618).

[0138] In one or more examples, the transmitter 600 can implement RF sensing techniques, such as bistatic sensing techniques, by transmitting a Tx waveform 616 from a Tx antenna. It should be noted that although the Tx waveform 616 is illustrated as a single line, in some cases, the Tx waveform 616 can be transmitted in all directions by an omnidirectional Tx antenna.

[0139] In one or more aspects, one or more parameters associated with the Tx waveform 616 can be used to increase or decrease the RF sensing resolution. These parameters can include frequency, bandwidth, number of spatial streams, number of antennas configured to transmit the Tx waveform 616, number of antennas configured to receive reflected RF signals (e.g., Rx waveform 618) corresponding to the Tx waveform 616, number of spatial links (e.g., number of spatial streams multiplied by number of antennas configured to receive RF signals), sampling rate, or any combination thereof. The transmitted waveform (e.g., Tx waveform 616) and the received waveform (e.g., Rx waveform 618) can include one or more radar RF sensing signals (also referred to as RF sensing RS).

[0140] During operation, the receiver 604 (e.g., operating as a receiving sensing node) can receive a signal corresponding to the Tx waveform 616, which is transmitted by the transmitter 600 (e.g., operating as a transmitting sensing node). For example, the receiver 604 can receive a signal reflected from an object or person within the range of the Tx waveform 616, such as the Rx waveform 618 reflected from the target 602. In some cases, the Rx waveform 618 can include multiple sequences corresponding to multiple copies of the sequence included in the Tx waveform 616. In some examples, the receiver 604 can combine the received multiple sequences to improve the SNR.

[0141] In some examples, at least one processor within receiver 604 can use the RF sensing data to calculate a distance, angle of arrival, or other characteristics corresponding to a reflected waveform, such as Rx waveform 618. In other examples, the RF sensing data can also be used to detect motion, determine position, detect a change in position or motion pattern, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the distance and angle of arrival of the reflected signal can be used to identify the size, position, movement, and / or orientation of an object (e.g., object 602) in the surrounding environment in order to detect object presence / proximity.

[0142] The processor of the receiver 604 may calculate the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the reflected waveform (e.g., the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 618) by using signal processing, machine learning algorithms, any other suitable techniques, or any combination thereof. In other examples, the receiver 604 may send or transmit the RF sensing data to at least one processor of another computing device such as a server, which may perform calculations to obtain the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 618 or other reflected waveforms.

[0143] In one or more examples, the angle of arrival of the Rx waveform 618 can be calculated by the processor of the receiver 604 by measuring the arrival time difference of the Rx waveform 618 between various elements of the receive antenna array of the receiver 604. In some examples, the arrival time difference can be calculated by measuring the difference in the received phase at each element in the receive antenna array.

[0144] In some cases, the distance and angle of arrival of the Rx waveform 618 may be used by the processor of the receiver 604 to determine the distance between the receiver 604 and the target 602 and the position of the target 602 relative to the receiver 604. The distance and angle of arrival of the Rx waveform 618 may also be used to determine the presence, movement, proximity, identity, or any combination thereof of the target 602. For example, the processor of the receiver 604 may use the calculated distance and angle of arrival corresponding to the Rx waveform 618 to determine that the target 602 is moving toward the receiver 604.

[0145] Figure 7 700a, 700b, and 700c, which can be used to determine one or more characteristics (e.g., position, speed or velocity, heading, etc.) of a target 702 object. For example, receiver 704 can use RF bistatic sensing to detect the presence and location of target 702 (e.g., an object, user, or vehicle). Target 702 is located at Figure 7 The objects without communication capabilities (which may be referred to as device-less objects) are depicted in the form of people, vehicles (e.g., vehicles without the ability to send and receive messages, such as using C-V2X or DSRC protocols), or other device-less objects. Figure 7 The bistatic radar system is similar to Figure 6 The difference between the dual-station radar system and the Figure 7 The bistatic radar system has multiple transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c, and Figure 6 The bistatic radar system has only one transmitter 600 .

[0146] Figure 7 The bistatic radar system of includes a plurality of transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c (eg, transmitting sensing nodes), which are illustrated as being in the form of base stations. Figure 7 The bistatic radar system of also includes a receiver 704 (eg, a receiving sensing node) depicted in the form of a smartphone. The distance separating each of the transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c from the receiver 704 can be compared to the expected distance from the target 702. Similar to Figure 6 The dual station system Figure 7 The transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c and the receiver 704 of the bistatic radar system are located far away from each other.

[0147] In one or more examples, the transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c, and / or the receiver 704 can each be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, a vehicle (e.g., a vehicle configured to send and receive communications according to C-V2X, DSRC, or other communication protocols), or other devices including at least one RF interface (e.g., Figure 4 In some examples, transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c and / or receiver 704 may each be a user device (eg, Figure 4 IoT device 407) provides connectivity to the device, such as a base station (e.g., gNB, eNB, etc.), a wireless access point (AP), or other device including at least one RF interface.

[0148] The transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c may include one or more components for transmitting RF signals. Each of the transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c may include at least one processor (e.g., Figure 5 Each of the transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c may also include an RF transmitter (e.g., Figure 5 RF transmitter 506). In one or more examples, Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c are RF sensing signals, and Tx waveforms 720a, 720b, 720c are communication signals. In one or more examples, Tx waveforms 720a, 720b, 720c are communication signals that can be used to schedule a transmitter (e.g., transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c) and a receiver (e.g., receiver 704) to perform RF sensing of a target (e.g., target 702) to obtain location information about the target. The RF transmitter can be a transmitter configured to transmit a cellular signal or a telecommunication signal (e.g., a transmitter configured to transmit a 5G / NR signal, a 4G / LTE signal, or other cellular signal / telecommunication signal, etc.), a Wi-Fi transmitter, a Bluetooth transmitter, or a wireless transmitter. ™ transmitter, any combination thereof, or any other transmitter capable of transmitting RF signals.

[0149] The RF transmitter may be coupled to one or more transmit antennas, such as a Tx antenna (e.g., Figure 5 TX antenna 512). In one or more examples, the Tx antenna may be an omnidirectional antenna capable of transmitting RF signals in all directions, or a directional antenna capable of transmitting RF signals in a specific direction. The Tx antenna may include multiple antennas (e.g., elements) configured as an antenna array.

[0150] Figure 7 The receiver 704 may include one or more components for receiving RF signals. For example, the receiver 704 may include one or more receiving antennas, such as Rx antennas (e.g., Figure 5 In one or more examples, the Rx antenna may be an omnidirectional antenna capable of receiving RF signals from multiple directions, or a directional antenna configured to receive signals from a specific direction. In some examples, the Rx antenna may include multiple antennas (e.g., elements) configured as an antenna array (e.g., a phased antenna array).

[0151] The receiver 704 may also include an RF receiver (eg, Figure 5The RF receiver may include a RF receiver 510 for receiving RF waveforms (such as Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth ™ The output of the RF receiver may be coupled to at least one processor (e.g., Figure 5 The processor may be configured to process the received waveform (eg, Rx waveform 718, which is the reflected (echo) RF sensing signal).

[0152] In some examples, the transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c can implement RF sensing techniques (e.g., bistatic sensing techniques) by having Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c (e.g., radar sensing signals) transmitted from a Tx antenna associated with each of the transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c. Although the Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c are illustrated as a single line, in some cases, the Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c can be transmitted in all directions (e.g., through an omnidirectional Tx antenna associated with each of the transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c).

[0153] In one or more aspects, one or more parameters associated with the Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c can be used to increase or decrease RF sensing resolution. These parameters can include, but are not limited to, frequency, bandwidth, number of spatial streams, number of antennas configured to transmit the Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c, number of antennas configured to receive reflected (echo) RF signals (e.g., Rx waveform 718) corresponding to each of the Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c, number of spatial links (e.g., number of spatial streams multiplied by number of antennas configured to receive RF signals), sampling rate, or any combination thereof. The transmitted waveforms (e.g., Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c) and the received waveforms (e.g., Rx waveform 718) can include one or more radar RF sensing signals (also referred to as RF sensing RS). It should be noted that although Figure 7 Only one reflected sensing signal (eg, Rx waveform 718 ) is shown in , but it should be understood that a separate reflected (echo) sensing signal will be generated by each sensing signal reflected from the target 702 (eg, Tx waveforms 716 a , 716 b , 716 c ).

[0154] exist Figure 7During operation of the system, a receiver 704 (e.g., operating as a receiving sensing node) can receive signals corresponding to Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c transmitted by transmitters 700a, 700b, 700c (e.g., each operating as a transmitting sensing node). The receiver 704 can receive signals reflected from objects or people within the range of the Tx waveforms 716a, 716b, 716c, such as the Rx waveform 718 reflected from the target 702. In one or more examples, the Rx waveform 718 can include multiple sequences corresponding to multiple copies of the sequence included in its corresponding Tx waveform 716a, 716b, 716c. In some examples, the receiver 704 can combine the received multiple sequences to improve the SNR.

[0155] In some examples, the RF sensing data can be used by at least one processor within the receiver 704 to calculate the distance, angle of arrival (AOA), TDOA, angle of departure (AoD), or other characteristics corresponding to the reflected waveform (e.g., Rx waveform 718). In other examples, the RF sensing data can also be used to detect motion, determine position, detect changes in position or motion patterns, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the distance and angle of arrival of the reflected signal can be used to identify the size, position, movement, and / or orientation of the target (e.g., target 702) in order to detect target presence / proximity.

[0156] The processor of the receiver 704 can calculate the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the reflected waveform (e.g., the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 718) by using signal processing, machine learning algorithms, any other suitable technology, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the receiver 704 can send or transmit the RF sensing data to at least one processor of another computing device such as a server, which can perform calculations to obtain the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 718 or other reflected waveforms (not shown).

[0157] In one or more examples, the processor of the receiver 704 can calculate the angle of arrival (AOA) of the Rx waveform 718 by measuring the TDOA of the Rx waveform 718 between the various elements of the receive antenna array of the receiver 704. In some examples, the TDOA can be calculated by measuring the difference in the receive phase at each element in the receive antenna array. In an illustrative example, to determine the TDOA, the processor can determine the arrival time difference of the Rx waveform 718 to the receive antenna array element using one of the receive antenna array elements as a reference. The time difference is proportional to the distance difference.

[0158] In some cases, the processor of the receiver 704 may use the distance, AOA, TDOA, other measurement information (e.g., AoD, etc.), any combination thereof of the Rx waveform 718 to determine the distance between the receiver 704 and the target 702, and determine the position of the target 702 relative to the receiver 704. In one example, the processor may use the distance, AOA, and / or TDOA information as input to apply multilateration or other location-based algorithms to determine the position (e.g., 3D position) of the target 702. In other examples, the processor may use the distance, AOA, and / or TDOA of the Rx waveform 718 to determine the presence, movement (e.g., speed or velocity, heading or direction or movement, etc.), proximity, identity, any combination thereof, or other characteristics of the target 702. For example, the processor of the receiver 704 may use the distance, AOA, and / or TDOA corresponding to the Rx waveform 718 to determine that the target is moving toward the receiver 704.

[0159] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the geometry for bistatic (or monostatic) sensing. Figure 8 The bistatic radar north reference coordinate system in two dimensions is shown. Specifically, Figure 8 The coordinate system and parameters for bistatic radar operation are shown defined in a plane containing transmitter 800, receiver 804, and target 802, referred to as the bistatic plane. The bistatic triangle is located in the bistatic plane. Transmitter 800, target 802, and receiver 804 are shown relative to each other. Transmitter 800 and receiver 804 are separated by a baseline distance L. An extended baseline is defined as extending the baseline distance L beyond either transmitter 800 or receiver 804. Target 802 and transmitter 800 are separated by a distance R T , and the target 802 and the receiver 804 are separated by a distance R R .

[0160] Angle θ T and θ R are the transmitter 800 observation angle and the receiver 804 observation angle, respectively, which are considered positive when measured clockwise from North (N). Angle θ T and θ R Also known as angle of arrival (AOA) or line of sight (LOS). The bistatic angle (β) is the angle between the transmitter 800, the target 802, and the receiver 804 in the radar. Specifically, the bistatic angle is the angle between the transmitter 800 and the receiver 804, with the vertex at the target 802. The bistatic angle is equal to the observation angle of the transmitter 800 minus the observation angle of the receiver 804 θ R (For example, β = θ T -θ R ).

[0161] When the bistatic angle is exactly zero (0°), the radar is considered to be monostatic; when the bistatic angle is close to zero, the radar is considered to be pseudo-monostatic; and when the bistatic angle is close to 180 degrees, the radar is considered to be a forward scatter radar. Otherwise, the radar is only considered and is called a bistatic radar. The bistatic angle (β) can be used to determine the radar cross section of the target.

[0162] Fig. 9 910 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bistatic distance 910 for bistatic sensing. In the figure, a transmitter (Tx) 900, a target 902, and a receiver (Rx) 904 of a radar are shown relative to each other. The transmitter 900 is separated from the receiver 904 by a baseline distance L, the target 902 is separated from the transmitter 900 by a distance Rtx, and the target 902 is separated from the receiver 904 by a distance Rrx.

[0163] Bistatic range 910 (shown as an ellipse) refers to a measured range made by a radar having a separate transmitter 900 and receiver 904 (e.g., the transmitter 900 and receiver 904 are positioned far from each other). Receiver 904 measures the time of arrival from when transmitter 900 transmits a signal to when receiver 904 receives the signal from transmitter 900 via target 902. Bistatic range 910 defines an ellipse of constant bistatic distance, called an equidistant profile, on which target 902 is located, with the focus centered on transmitter 900 and receiver 904. If target 902 is at a distance Rrx from receiver 904 and a distance Rtx from transmitter 900, and receiver 904 and transmitter 900 are at a distance L from each other, then the bistatic range is equal to Rrx+Rtx-L. It should be noted that the motion of target 902 causes a rate of change in the bistatic range, which results in a bistatic Doppler shift.

[0164] Typically, the constant bistatic distance points draw an ellipsoid with the transmitter 900 and receiver 904 locations as foci. The bistatic equidistant contour is where the ground cuts the ellipsoid. When the ground is flat, this intercept forms an ellipse (e.g., bistatic distance 910). Note that these ellipses are not centered on the mirror point unless the two platforms have equal heights.

[0165] Fig.10 An example 1000 of wireless communication between devices based on sidelink communication is illustrated. The communication may be based on a time slot structure (e.g., Figure 31004, 1006, 1008). For example, a transmitting UE 1002 may transmit a transmission 1014 that may be received by a receiving UE 1004, 1006, 1008, which may include, for example, a control channel and / or a corresponding data channel. At least one UE may be in the form of an autonomous vehicle or an unmanned aerial vehicle. The control channel may include information for decoding the data channel and may also be used by the receiving device to avoid interference by avoiding transmission on the occupied resources during data transmission. The transmission time interval (TTI) and the number of RBs that the data transmission will occupy may be indicated in a control message from the transmitting device. In addition to operating as a receiving device, each of the UEs 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008 may also be capable of operating as a transmitting device. Therefore, the UEs 1006, 1008 are illustrated as transmitting transmissions 1016, 1020. The transmissions 1014, 1016, 1020 (and 1018 by the network device 1007, such as a roadside unit) may be broadcast or multicast to nearby devices. For example, the UE 1014 may transmit communications intended to be received by other UEs within range 1001 of the UE 1014. Additionally / alternatively, the network device 1007 may receive communications 1018 from and / or transmit communications to UEs 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008. The UE 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008, or the network device 1007 may include a detection component. The UE 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008, or the network device 1007 may also include a vehicle-based safety message or mitigation component.

[0166] Fig.11 100 shows an example of a comb structure for a reference signal (e.g., PRS, SRS, etc.). For example, the comb structure 1110 is a comb-2 structure with two symbols (denoted as a comb-2 / 2-symbol structure). According to the comb-2 / 2-symbol structure of the comb structure 1110, each alternating symbol is assigned to a reference signal resource. Fig.11 The comb pattern in is used for a transmit-receive point (TRP). An overview of the comb structures 1110, 1112, 1114, 1116, 1118, 1120, 1122, and 1124 is provided in Table 2 below:

[0167]

[0168] Table 2

[0169] As previously mentioned, systems and techniques are described herein that apply solutions associated with aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs to provide reductions in latency and collisions between S-RS and communication RSs. Fig.12is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 1200 for applying a solution (eg, method or rule) for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs. Fig.12 , system 1200 is shown to include a network device 1210 in the form of a UE. The network device 1210 (e.g., UE) can operate as a radar Rx for sensing purposes. A network device 1220 in the form of a base station (e.g., a gNB or a portion of a gNB, such as a CU, DU, RU, near-RT RIC, non-RT RIC, etc.) is also shown. The network device 1220 (e.g., gNB) can operate as a radar Tx for sensing purposes. The system 1200 also includes a plurality of network entities 1240, 1250, wherein the network entity 1240 is in the form of a radar server and the network entity 1250 is in the form of a location server.

[0170] System 1200 may include, for example Fig.12 More or fewer network devices and / or more or fewer network entities as shown. In addition, system 1200 may include Fig.12 Different types of network devices (e.g., vehicles) and / or different types of network entities (e.g., network servers) are shown. In addition, the UE can be used as a radar Tx instead of as Fig.12 Base stations (e.g., gNBs) are shown. In addition, in one or more examples, network device 1210 (e.g., UE) can be equipped with heterogeneous capabilities, which can include, but are not limited to, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities. Network devices 1210, 1220 and network entities 1240, 1250 can be capable of performing wireless communications with each other via communication signals (e.g., signals 1270a, 1270b, 1270c, 1270d).

[0171] In one or more examples, the network devices 1210, 1220 may be capable of sending and receiving some type of sensing signal (e.g., camera, RF sensing signal, optical sensing signal, etc.). In some cases, the network devices 1210, 1220 may send and receive sensing signals (e.g., RF sensing signals 1260a, 1260b) for detecting nearby targets (e.g., target 1230 in the form of a vehicle) using one or more sensors. In some cases, the network devices 1210, 1220 may detect nearby targets based on one or more images or frames captured using one or more cameras.

[0172] The network device 1220 operable as a radar Tx may perform RF sensing (e.g., bistatic sensing or monostatic sensing) of at least one target (e.g., target 1230) to obtain RF sensing measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) of the target (e.g., target 1230). The RF sensing measurements of the target (e.g., target 1230) may be used (e.g., by at least one processor of at least one of the network devices 1210, 1220 and / or at least one of the network entities 1240, 1250) to determine one or more characteristics (e.g., velocity, location, distance, movement, heading, size, and / or other characteristics) of the target (e.g., target 1230).

[0173] As previously mentioned, in general, sensing involves monitoring a moving target (e.g., target 1230) with different motions (e.g., a moving car or pedestrian, a person's body motion such as breathing, and / or other micro-motions associated with the target). Doppler, which measures phase changes in a signal and indicates motion, is an important characteristic for sensing a target (e.g., target 1230). Therefore, in order to obtain an accurate estimate of the motion of the target, the phase of the signal should be continuous (e.g., the signal should maintain phase continuity).

[0174] During operation of the system 1200, for example, when performing bistatic sensing of a target (e.g., target 1230), the network device 1220 (e.g., a base station) operating as a radar Tx may transmit an RF sensing signal 1260a toward the target (e.g., target 1230). The RF sensing signal 1260a may be included in a communication signal and a sensing signal that are multiplexed together (e.g., via time division multiplexing and / or frequency division multiplexing) for joint communication and sensing purposes. The sensing signal 1260a may be reflected from the target (e.g., target 1230) to produce an RF reflection sensing signal 1260b, which may be reflected toward the network device 1210 (e.g., a UE). The network device 1210 (e.g., a UE) operating as a radar Rx may receive the reflected sensing signal 1260b. After the network device (e.g., UE) receives the reflection sensing signal 1260b, the network device (e.g., UE) may obtain a measurement (e.g., Doppler measurement, RTT measurement, TOA measurement, and / or TDOA measurement) of the reflection sensing signal 1260b. At least one processor (e.g., Fig. 22The processor 2210 can then determine or calculate characteristics (e.g., velocity, position, distance, movement, heading, size, etc.) of a target (e.g., target 1230) by using sensing measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) from the received reflected sensing signal 1260b.

[0175] In some examples, network device 1210 (e.g., UE) can send measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) and / or determined characteristics (e.g., velocity, location, distance, movement, heading, size, etc.) of a target (e.g., target 1230) to network device 1220 (e.g., base station) and / or network entity 1240 (e.g., radar server) via communication signals 1270a, 1270b. The network device 1220 (e.g., a base station) and / or the network entity 1240 (e.g., a radar server) may then send measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) and / or determined characteristics (e.g., velocity, location, distance, movement, heading, size, etc.) of the target (e.g., target 1230) to the network entity 1240 (e.g., a radar server) and / or the network entity 1250 (e.g., a location server) via communication signals 1270c, 1270d.

[0176] As previously mentioned, as wireless communication systems (e.g., including cellular communication systems such as 4G / LTE, 5G / NR and beyond) are allocated greater bandwidth and more use cases are introduced into wireless communication systems, multiplexing sensing and communication signals (e.g., via time division multiplexing and / or frequency division multiplexing) for joint communication and sensing may be an essential feature of existing and future wireless communication systems. Performing wireless communication and radar sensing simultaneously may provide cost-effective deployment for both radar and communication systems.

[0177] Joint communication and radar sensing can provide mutual performance gains. For example, sensing information such as Doppler measurements can be used to improve communication link quality (e.g., sensing-assisted communication). In addition, cooperative sensing may be more feasible for wireless communication networks (e.g., communication-assisted sensing).

[0178] Currently, in conventional radars, system integration of communications and radar sensing does not include joint operation. In one or more examples, a sensing reference signal (S-RS) may employ a different type of waveform than a new radio (NR) reference signal (RS). For example, the S-RS may be in the form of a frequency modulated carrier (FMCW) waveform. In one or more examples, the S-RS may reuse an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform.

[0179] Fig.131300 is a diagram illustrating an example of sensing signals (eg, radar signal 1310 and sensing signal 1340) and communication signals (eg, downlink signals 1320, 1330 and uplink signal 1350) multiplexed together for joint communication and sensing using time division multiplexing (TDM). Specifically, Fig.13 A radar signal 1310, downlink (DL) signals 1320, 1330, a sensing signal 1340, and an uplink (UL) signal 1350 are included (e.g., time is represented along the horizontal axis). In one or more examples, the sensing signals (e.g., radar signal 1310 and sensing signal 1340) may use different types of waveforms than the communication signals (e.g., downlink signals 1320, 1330, and uplink signal 1350). For example, the sensing signals (e.g., radar signal 1310 and sensing signal 1340) may be in the form of an FMCW waveform, and the communication signals (e.g., downlink signals 1320, 1330, and uplink signal 1350) may be in the form of an OFDM waveform.

[0180] In one or more examples, radar signal 1310 may be in the form of a rectangular waveform (eg, a non-continuous waveform). Radar signal 1310 may include a plurality of signals each having a duration T. R multiple radar waveforms 1360 (eg, pulses) and multiple guard periods 1370 (eg, each referred to as T G For example, when the target is located approximately 30 meters (m) to 300 m away from the UE (eg, the target range is approximately 30 m to 300 m), T R can be much less than 0.1 microsecond (µs), and T G It may be greater than 1.0 µs. In one or more examples, radar signal 1310 may be repeated to increase a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR).

[0181] In one or more examples, DL signals 1320 and / or 1330 may include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) signal, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) signal, and / or a single sideband (SSB) signal. In some examples, for radar (sensing) purposes, one or more of the DL symbols (or time slots) may be replaced with a sensing signal.

[0182] Fig.14 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a resource block (RB) 1400 including sensing signals (eg, radar RS 1410) and communication signals (eg, DL tones 1420) multiplexed together for joint communication and sensing using TDM and frequency division multiplexing (FDM). Fig.14In FIG. 1 , RB 1400 may represent at least one OFDM waveform (e.g., a continuous waveform). RB 1400 may be arranged by placing the time domain on the horizontal (or x) axis and the frequency domain on the vertical (or y) axis. RB 1400 may be one slot long in time (e.g., where a slot is 1 ms in time).

[0183] In one or more examples, RB 1400 may include twelve subcarriers (along the y-axis) and fourteen symbols (along the x-axis). Thus, RB 1400 may include a total of 168 resource elements (REs), each of which may include a sensing resource (e.g., radar RS 1410) or a communication resource (e.g., DL tone 1420).

[0184] In some examples, for radar (sensing) purposes, one or more of the communication resources (e.g., DL tones 1420) may be replaced with sensing resources (e.g., radar RS 1410). RS design may take into account range and / or velocity resolution and ambiguity. In one or more examples, for range estimation, an inverse fast Fourier transform (iFFT) may be performed along the subcarrier dimension of RB 1400 (e.g., along the y-axis). In some examples, for Doppler estimation, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) may be performed across multiple symbols of RB 1400 (e.g., along the x-axis).

[0185] As mentioned previously, RF sensing is based on channel estimation using sensing reference signals (e.g., S-RS). Similarly, channel estimation is performed for communications using RS (e.g., NR RS). Unlike current NR RS, S-RS may allow for more diverse use cases and more flexible sensing requirements. For example, different sensing use cases may have different maximum range and range resolution requirements, such as Fig.15 As shown in Table 1500.

[0186] Fig.15 is a table 1500 illustrating example requirements for some different sensing use cases 1510 for cellular-based wide-area RF sensing. Fig.15 , table 1500 shows that different sensing use cases 1510 may have different sensing requirements, such as different maximum ranges 1520 (e.g., in meters), maximum speeds 1530 (e.g., in meters per second), range resolutions 1540, speed resolutions 1550, and angular resolutions 1560. The different sensing use cases 1510 in table 1500 include traffic monitoring, parking space identification, road safety, dynamic three-dimensional (3D) mapping, drone monitoring and management, and environmental monitoring. For example, a traffic monitoring sensing use case 1510 may require a maximum range 1520 of 500 meters, while a road safety sensing use case 1510 may require a maximum range 1520 of 100 meters.

[0187] Table 1500 includes information that may be used by the disclosed system (e.g., Fig.12 System 1200 and / or Fig.17 Some example sensing use cases 1510 employed by the disclosed system 1700 . Fig.12 System 1200 and / or Fig.17 System 1700 ) may additionally and / or alternatively employ other sensing use cases different from those shown in table 1500 .

[0188] Fig.16 Tables 1600, 1610 illustrating example sensing capabilities of NR RS for different carriers (eg, frequencies) are included. Fig.16 In the example sensing capabilities of positioning reference signals (PRS) that can be used for communication in different carriers (e.g., 3.5 GHz and 13 GHz), tables 1600 and 1610 show example sensing capabilities of positioning reference signals (PRS) that can be used for communication in different carriers (e.g., 3.5 GHz and 13 GHz). The PRS can be a PRS that can span a comb 2 / 4 / 6 / 12 structure (e.g., Fig.11 The OFDM waveform may be a comb-tooth structure on the PRS (e.g., a 2 / 4 / 6 / 12 consecutive symbols). For the PRS, resources (e.g., sensing resources) may be repeated over multiple (e.g., N) time slots, and the resource time gap may be configured.

[0189] Specifically, Tables 1600, 1610 assume a 12-symbol PRS on four time slots (eg, N=4) with zero gap. In Table 1600, the subcarrier spacing (Δf), guard period (T g ) (e.g., duration of carrier phase), bandwidth (W), duration (gap) between the first and last symbols of a PRS (T B ) (eg, a PRS may span one or more time slots, such as four time slots), symbol duration (T S ) and the subcarrier spacing for OFDM (F S In Table 1610, the subcarrier spacing (Δf), the maximum operating range (d max ), range resolution (Δd), velocity resolution (Δv), and maximum velocity (v max ). Fig.16 Other variables in Table 1610 include the speed of light (c) and the carrier frequency (f c ).

[0190] As shown in table 1610, the sensing maximum operating range (eg, d max) is greater than the sensing maximum operating range of the higher frequency band (e.g., 13 GHz). However, the sensing range resolution (Δd) of the higher frequency band (e.g., 13 GHz) is better (lower) than the sensing range resolution of the lower frequency band (e.g., 3.5 GHz).

[0191] In addition, as shown in Table 1610, the range resolution (Δd) is less than one meter at 60 / 120 kilohertz (kHz), and the velocity resolution (Δv) may not be feasible for speeds greater than 30 kilometers per hour (km / h). To obtain better velocity resolution (Δv), a long PRS repetition (e.g., with a narrow bandwidth over a long duration) may be configured. To obtain better range resolution (Δd), a PRS spanning multiple intra-band CCs may be utilized. To obtain a larger maximum operating range (d max ), an extended cyclic prefix (ECP) may be employed for sensing.

[0192] As mentioned previously, RF sensing may be based on channel estimation using S-RS, and channel estimation may be performed for communications using RS (e.g., NRRS). In contrast to current NR RS, S-RS may allow for more diverse use cases and more flexible sensing requirements. For example, different sensing use cases may have different maximum range and range resolution requirements (e.g., Fig.15 1500).

[0193] When a network device (e.g., UE or base station) is configured to perform S-RS measurements (e.g., channel estimation using S-RS) and communication RS measurements (e.g., channel estimation using NR RS) at the same frequency at the same time, conflicts (e.g., conflicts between sensing RS and communication RS) may occur. The probability of collision between S-RS and current NR RS may increase due to limited frequency and time domain resources within a single carrier. In CA scenarios, it may be beneficial to implement aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs to reduce latency and conflicts.

[0194] CA (e.g., in 5G NR CA) allows increasing bandwidth by combining (e.g., aggregating) multiple carriers together to form an aggregated carrier. An aggregated carrier may be referred to as a CC. For example, 5G NR CA may support up to 16 contiguous and non-contiguous CCs with different parameter sets (e.g., subcarrier spacing, bandwidth, and duration) in FR1 bands (e.g., less than or equal to six GHz) and in FR2 bands (e.g., millimeter wavelength range, such as 20 to 60 GHz).

[0195] Aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs may allow for reduction in latency and collisions, especially for TDD scenarios where some RSs may be dropped due to collisions with broadcast or uplink signals. In one or more aspects, solutions for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs are described as follows. These solutions may involve cell selection for trigger signals, DCI format selection for trigger signals, and / or timeline definition between trigger signal reception and S-RS timing.

[0196] In one or more aspects, a solution for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs involving cell selection for a trigger signal is described as follows. In one or more examples, a network device (e.g., in the form of a UE) Fig.19 A network device 1910, such as a smartphone, may be configured with inter-band or intra-band CA. In some examples, a network device (e.g., in the form of a UE) may be configured with inter-band or intra-band CA. Fig.19 A network device 1910, such as a smart phone, may receive (eg, via Fig.19 The trigger signal 1960 in the DCI or medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) triggers aperiodic S-RS reception (or S-RS transmission) at a network device (e.g., UE) in another CC (e.g., another cell), which depends on the other network device (e.g., in the form of a base station). Fig.19 In one or more examples, the trigger signal may include a DCI or a MAC-CE. In some examples, the DCI or MAC-CE may include control information indicating the performance of aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission in a specific CC (e.g., a specific cell). In one or more examples, each CC may be associated with a different cell.

[0197] For example, a network device (eg, in the form of a UE) Fig. 20 The network device 2010, such as a smart phone, may receive (eg, via Fig. 20 The trigger signal 2060 in the second CC (e.g., the second cell) triggers the DCI or MAC-CE of the aperiodic S-RS transmission at the network device (e.g., the UE) in the second CC (e.g., the second cell), and thus, the network device (e.g., the UE) may transmit (e.g., via Fig. 20 The sensing signal 2040 in the non-periodic S-RS, and another network device (for example, in the form of a base station Fig. 20 The network device 2020, such as a gNB, may receive (eg, via Fig. 20For another example, a network device (eg, in the form of a UE) may be configured to detect a non-periodic S-RS. Fig.19 A network device 1910, such as a smart phone, may receive (eg, via Fig.19 The trigger signal 1960 in the second CC (eg, the second cell) triggers a DCI or MAC-CE for aperiodic S-RS reception at a network device (eg, a UE) in the second CC (eg, the second cell), and thus, another network device (eg, in the form of a base station) Fig.19 The network device 1920, such as a gNB, may send (eg, via Fig.19 The sensing signal 1940) is a non-periodic S-RS, and the network device (eg, UE) may receive (eg, via) in the second CC (eg, the second cell). Fig.19 The reflected sensing signal 1950) is non-periodic S-RS.

[0198] In one or more aspects, if aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission is configured and inter-band or intra-band CA is also configured, a network device (e.g., in the form of a base station) Fig.19 A network device 1920 such as a gNB may provide another network device (e.g., in the form of a UE) Fig.19 The network device 1910, such as a smart phone) transmits (e.g., via Fig.19 The trigger signal 1960 is sent) to trigger the DCI or MAC-CE for aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission in different types of cells. In one or more examples, the DCI or MAC-CE for triggering aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission may be sent by a network device (e.g., a base station) in a primary cell (Pcell) or a primary secondary cell (pScell) (e.g., via Fig.19 In some examples, the DCI or MAC-CE that triggers the reception or transmission of the aperiodic S-RS may be sent by a network device (eg, a base station) in any type of cell (eg, via a Fig.19 The trigger signal 1960 in the example may include, but is not limited to, a Pcell, a pScell, or a secondary cell (Scell). In one or more examples, each cell may be associated with a CC.

[0199] In one or more aspects, a solution for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs involving DCI format selection for a trigger signal is described below. In one or more examples, aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission may be triggered by a DCI (e.g., via a trigger signal such as Fig.19For some examples, when the aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission is triggered by DCI, the DCI may be a scheduling DCI that may be scheduled in a physical downlink shared control channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH).

[0200] In one or more examples, when aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission is triggered by DCI, the DCI may be a group-common DCI (e.g., DCI for a group of UEs). For example, the group-common DCI may indicate a common configuration of the S-RS to a group of UEs (e.g., for performing collaborative sensing). Fig.17 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 1700 for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs that is performing cooperative sensing. Fig.17 , system 1700 is shown to include network devices 1710a, 1710b, 1710c in the form of UEs (e.g., such as smart phones). Network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c (e.g., UEs) can each operate as a radar Rx for sensing purposes. A network device 1720 in the form of a base station (e.g., a gNB or a portion of a gNB, such as a CU, DU, RU, near-RT RIC, non-RT RIC, etc.) is also shown. Network device 1720 (e.g., gNB) can operate as a radar Tx for sensing purposes.

[0201] System 1700 may include, for example Fig.17 More or fewer network devices as shown. In addition, system 1700 may include Fig.17 Different types of network devices (e.g., vehicles) are shown. In addition, the UE can be used as a radar Tx instead of Fig.17 A base station (e.g., gNB) of the network device 1720 is shown. In addition, in one or more examples, the network devices 1710a, 1710c, 1720 can be equipped with heterogeneous capabilities, which can include, but are not limited to, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities. The network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c, 1720 can be capable of performing wireless communications with each other via communication signals.

[0202] In one or more examples, the network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c, 1720 may be capable of sending and receiving some type of sensing signal (e.g., S-RS) (e.g., camera, RF sensing signal, optical sensing signal, etc.). In some cases, the network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c, 1720 may send and receive sensing signals (e.g., S-RS) for detecting nearby targets (e.g., target 1730 in the form of a vehicle) using one or more sensors. In some cases, the network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c, 1720 may detect nearby targets based on one or more images or frames captured using one or more cameras.

[0203] The network devices 1710a, 1710c, which can each operate as a radar Rx, can perform RF sensing (e.g., bistatic sensing or monostatic sensing) of at least one target (e.g., target 1730) to obtain RF sensing measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) of the target (e.g., target 1730). For collaborative sensing, all RF sensing measurements of the target (e.g., target 1730) can be used together (e.g., by at least one processor of at least one of the network devices 1710a, 1710c, 1720) to determine one or more characteristics (e.g., speed, location, distance, movement, heading, size, and / or other characteristics) of the target (e.g., target 1730).

[0204] As previously mentioned, in general, sensing involves monitoring a moving target (e.g., target 1730) with different motions (e.g., a moving car or pedestrian, a person's body motion such as breathing, and / or other micro-motions associated with the target). Doppler, which measures phase changes in a signal and indicates motion, is an important characteristic for sensing a target (e.g., target 1730). Therefore, in order to obtain an accurate estimate of the motion of the target, the phase of the signal should be continuous (e.g., the signal should maintain phase continuity).

[0205] During operation of the system 1700, for example, when performing cooperative dual-station sensing of a target (e.g., target 1730), the network device 1720 (e.g., gNB) may transmit (e.g., send) a trigger signal to each of the network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c (e.g., UE) in a first CC (e.g., first cell). Each of the trigger signals may include control information indicating aperiodic sensing signal reception (e.g., receiving aperiodic sensing signals, such as S-RS) or aperiodic sensing signal transmission (e.g., transmitting aperiodic sensing signals, such as S-RS) in a second CC (e.g., second cell). In this example, for dual-station sensing of the target 1730, the control information may indicate to the network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c (e.g., UE) to perform aperiodic sensing signal reception in the second CC (e.g., second cell).

[0206] After the network device 1720 (e.g., gNB) transmits a trigger signal to each of the network devices 1710a, 1710c, 1710c (e.g., UE) in the first CC (e.g., the first cell), the network device 1720 (e.g., gNB) operating as a radar Tx may perform sensing signal transmission (e.g., transmitting a non-periodic sensing signal 1740 such as S-RS) toward the object 1730 in the second CC (e.g., the second cell). In doing so, the network device 1720 (e.g., gNB) operates complementarily (e.g., oppositely) to the control information within the trigger signal.

[0207] The non-periodic sensing signal 1740 (e.g., S-RS) may be included in a communication signal and a sensing signal that are multiplexed together for joint communication and sensing purposes (e.g., via time division multiplexing and / or frequency division multiplexing). The non-periodic sensing signal 1740 (e.g., S-RS) may be reflected from a target (e.g., target 1730) to generate reflected sensing signals 1750a, 1750b, 1750c (e.g., S-RS), which may be reflected toward network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c (e.g., UE). The network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c (e.g., UE), each operating as a radar Rx, may receive the corresponding reflected sensing signals 1750a, 1750b, 1750c.

[0208] After the network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c (e.g., UE) receive the reflection sensing signals 1750a, 1750b, 1750c, the network devices 1710a, 1710a, 1710c (e.g., UE) may each obtain a measurement (e.g., Doppler measurement, RTT measurement, TOA measurement, and / or TDOA measurement) of their respective received reflection sensing signals 1750a, 1750b, 1750c. For cooperative sensing, at least one processor (e.g., Fig. 22 The processor 2210) can then determine or calculate characteristics (e.g., speed, position, distance, movement, heading, size, etc.) of a target (e.g., target 1730) by using sensing measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) from all of the received reflected sensing signals 1750a, 1750b, 1750c.

[0209] In one or more aspects, a solution for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs involving DCI format selection for a trigger signal is further described as follows. In one or more examples, aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission may be triggered by DCI. For some examples, when aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission is triggered by DCI, a new DCI or a new interpretation of the DCI may be adopted. For example, an unused existing field of the DCI may be utilized to include control information (e.g., information indicating aperiodic sensing signal reception or transmission in a CC). For another example, a new additional field may be added to the DCI, wherein the new field may include control information.

[0210] In one or more aspects, a solution for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs involving a timeline definition between trigger signal reception and S-RS opportunity is described as follows. In one or more examples, a timeline from trigger signal reception (e.g., reception of a trigger signal) to an S-RS opportunity (e.g., start of execution of aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission) can be specified.

[0211] In one or more examples, if aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission is triggered by DCI (eg, via Fig.19 In some examples, if the aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission is triggered by MAC-CE (e.g., via Fig.191960), the timeline may specifically start from the end of the PDSCH containing the MAC-CE. For these examples, the MAC-CE may update the time domain resources of the S-RS resource / set (e.g., time slot offset, such as the S-RS resource set level).

[0212] In one or more examples, a parameter set for a timeline of an S-RS may include a subcarrier spacing (SRS); a bandwidth, such as a bandwidth part (BWP); and / or a duration. In some examples, a parameter set (e.g., a BWP SCS) may depend on where the S-RS is received (e.g., Fig.19 In one or more examples, the parameter set (e.g., BWP SCS) may depend on the location where the S-RS is triggered for reception or transmission (e.g., the start of the execution of aperiodic S-RS reception or transmission). In some examples, the parameter set (e.g., BWP SCS) may be configured to a network device (e.g., in the form of a UE) via RRC. Fig.19 network device 1910).

[0213] In one or more examples, a reference time slot (e.g., Fig.18 The reference time slot 1840) can be defined as a time slot located in time (e.g., Fig.19 The reference time slot may be configured via RRC.

[0214] In some examples, available time slots (e.g., Fig.18 The first available time slot 1850) may be defined as being located in time at a reference time slot (eg, Fig.18 The available time slot may flexibly define the time domain location of the start of aperiodic S-RS transmission or reception (e.g., the execution of periodic S-RS transmission or reception may occur within an available time slot). In one or more examples, a set of candidate available time slot numbers may be defined via RRC. In some examples, a bit field in the DCI may also be used to indicate the number of selected available time slots.

[0215] Fig.18 An example of a timeline (eg, including a reference time slot 1840 and an available time slot 1850) for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs is shown. Specifically, Fig.181800 is a graph illustrating an example of aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs (eg, CC 1 and CC 2). Fig.18 In the graph 1800 of FIG. 18A , the x-axis represents time and the y-axis represents frequency. The frequency between CC 1 and CC 2 may be different, and the bandwidth and / or SCS of CC 1 and CC 2 may also be different. Fig.18 As shown in graph 1800, downlink (D) time slot 1810 may be on CC 1. Fig.18 Also shown in graph 1800 of , uplink (U) time slots 1820a, 1820b and downlink time slots 1830a, 1830b may be on CC 2.

[0216] exist Fig.18 In graph 1800 of FIG. 1 , downlink time slot 1810 may be used to send a trigger signal (e.g., trigger DCI) in CC 1. Uplink time slot 1820a in CC 2 may be defined as reference time slot 1840. In one or more examples, uplink time slot 1820a, which may be defined as reference time slot 1840, may not include any data. In one or more examples, reference time slot 1840 may include more than one uplink and / or downlink time slot, such as Fig.18 As shown in the curve graph 1800.

[0217] The next uplink time slot 1820b in CC 2 may simply define a time gap between the reference time slot 1840 and the first available time slot 1850. The downlink time slot 1830a in CC 2 immediately following the uplink time slot 1820b used as a time gap may be the first available time slot 1850 that may be used for aperiodic S-RS transmission or reception 1860. In one or more examples, the subsequent downlink time slot 1830b following the downlink time slot 1830a may (or may not) be used for aperiodic S-RS transmission or reception.

[0218] Fig.19 It shows that the Fig.18 1800 for a timeline of aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs. Specifically, Fig.19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 1900 for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs (e.g., CC 1 and CC 2), where a sensing signal (e.g., S-RS) is transmitted from a network device 1920 (e.g., in the form of a gNB). Fig.19, system 1900 is shown to include a network device 1910 in the form of a UE (e.g., such as a smart phone). The network device 1910 (e.g., UE) can operate as a radar Rx for sensing purposes. A network device 1920 in the form of a base station (e.g., a gNB or a portion of a gNB, such as a CU, DU, RU, near-RT RIC, non-RT RIC, etc.) is also shown. The network device 1920 (e.g., gNB) can operate as a radar Tx for sensing purposes.

[0219] System 1900 may include, for example Fig.19 More or fewer network devices may be shown. Furthermore, system 1900 may include Fig.19 Different types of network devices (e.g., vehicles) are shown. In addition, the UE can be used as a radar Tx instead of Fig.19 A base station (e.g., gNB) of network device 1920 is shown. Additionally, in one or more examples, network devices 1910, 1920 may each be equipped with heterogeneous capabilities, which may include, but are not limited to, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities. Network devices 1910, 1920 may be capable of performing wireless communications with each other via communication signals.

[0220] In one or more examples, network devices 1910, 1920 may be capable of sending and receiving some type of sensing signal (e.g., S-RS) (e.g., camera, RF sensing signal, optical sensing signal, etc.). In some cases, network devices 1910, 1920 may send and receive sensing signals (e.g., S-RS) for detecting nearby targets (e.g., target 1930 in the form of a vehicle) using one or more sensors. In some cases, network devices 1910, 1920 may detect nearby targets based on one or more images or frames captured using one or more cameras.

[0221] The network device 1910, which can operate as a radar Rx, can perform RF sensing (e.g., bistatic sensing or monostatic sensing) of at least one target (e.g., target 1930) to obtain RF sensing measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) of the target (e.g., target 1930). For sensing, the RF sensing measurements of the target (e.g., target 1930) can be used (e.g., by at least one processor of at least one of the network devices 1910, 1920) to determine one or more characteristics (e.g., speed, location, distance, movement, heading, size, and / or other characteristics) of the target (e.g., target 1930).

[0222] During operation of the system 1900, for example, when performing dual-station sensing of a target (e.g., target 1930), the network device 1920 (e.g., gNB) may transmit (e.g., send) a trigger signal 1960 to the network device 1910 (e.g., UE) in a first CC (e.g., first cell). The trigger signal 1960 may include control information indicating aperiodic sensing signal reception (e.g., receiving aperiodic sensing signals, such as S-RS) in a second CC (e.g., second cell). In this example, for dual-station sensing of the target 1930, the control information may indicate to the network device 1910 (e.g., UE) to perform aperiodic sensing signal reception in the second CC (e.g., second cell).

[0223] After the network device 1920 (e.g., gNB) transmits a trigger signal 1960 to the network device 1910 (e.g., UE) in the first CC (e.g., the first cell), the network device 1920 (e.g., gNB) operating as a radar Tx may perform sensing signal transmission (e.g., transmitting a non-periodic sensing signal 1940 such as an S-RS) toward the object 1930 in the second CC (e.g., the second cell). In doing so, the network device 1920 (e.g., gNB) operates complementarily (e.g., oppositely) to the control information within the trigger signal 1960.

[0224] The aperiodic sensing signal 1940 (e.g., S-RS) may be included in a communication signal and a sensing signal that are multiplexed together (e.g., via time division multiplexing and / or frequency division multiplexing) for joint communication and sensing purposes. The aperiodic sensing signal 1940 (e.g., S-RS) may be reflected from a target (e.g., target 1930) to generate a reflected sensing signal 1950 (e.g., S-RS), which may be reflected toward the network device 1910 (e.g., UE). The network device 1910 (e.g., UE) operating as a radar Rx may receive the reflected sensing signal 1950.

[0225] After the network device 1910 (e.g., UE) receives the reflection sensing signal 1950, the network device 1910 (e.g., UE) may obtain a measurement (e.g., Doppler measurement, RTT measurement, TOA measurement, and / or TDOA measurement) of the received reflection sensing signal 1950. At least one processor (e.g., Fig. 22 The processor 2210 can then determine or calculate characteristics (e.g., velocity, position, distance, movement, heading, size, etc.) of a target (e.g., target 1930) by using sensing measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) from the received reflected sensing signal 1950.

[0226] Fig. 20 An example system 2000 is shown in which a sensing signal (eg, S-RS) is transmitted from a network device in the form of a UE, rather than received by the network device in the form of a UE, such as Fig.19 shown. Specifically, Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs, wherein a sensing signal (eg, S-RS) is transmitted from a network device (eg, in the form of a UE). Fig. 20 In FIG. 2 , system 2000 is shown to include a network device 2010 in the form of a UE (eg, such as a smart phone). Network device 2010 (eg, UE) may operate as a radar Tx for sensing purposes. Fig. 20 Also shown in FIG. 2 is a network device 2020 in the form of a base station (e.g., a gNB or a portion of a gNB, such as a CU, DU, RU, near-RT RIC, non-RT RIC, etc.). The network device 2020 (e.g., a gNB) may operate as a radar Rx for sensing purposes.

[0227] System 2000 may include, for example Fig. 20 More or fewer network devices may be shown. Furthermore, system 2000 may include Fig. 20 In addition, the UE can be used as a radar Rx instead of a radar Rx. Fig. 20 A base station (e.g., gNB) of the network device 2020 is shown. In addition, in one or more examples, the network devices 2010, 2020 can each be equipped with heterogeneous capabilities, which can include, but are not limited to, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities. The network devices 2010, 2020 can be capable of performing wireless communications with each other via communication signals.

[0228] In some examples, network devices 2010, 2020 may be capable of sending and receiving some type of sensing signal (e.g., S-RS) (e.g., camera, RF sensing signal, optical sensing signal, etc.). In some cases, network devices 2010, 2020 may send and receive sensing signals (e.g., S-RS) for detecting nearby targets (e.g., target 2030 in the form of a vehicle) using one or more sensors. In some cases, network devices 2010, 2020 may detect nearby targets based on one or more images or frames captured using one or more cameras.

[0229] The network device 2020 (e.g., gNB) operable as a radar Rx may perform RF sensing (e.g., bistatic sensing or monostatic sensing) of at least one target (e.g., target 2030) to obtain RF sensing measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) of the target (e.g., target 2030). For sensing, the RF sensing measurements of the target (e.g., target 2030) may be used (e.g., by at least one processor of at least one of the network devices 2010, 2020) to determine one or more characteristics (e.g., velocity, location, distance, movement, heading, size, and / or other characteristics) of the target (e.g., target 2030).

[0230] During operation of the system 2000, for example, when performing dual-station sensing of a target (e.g., target 2030), the network device 2020 (e.g., gNB) may transmit (e.g., send) a trigger signal 2060 to the network device 2010 (e.g., UE) in a first CC (e.g., first cell). The trigger signal 2060 may include control information indicating aperiodic sensing signal transmission (e.g., transmitting an aperiodic sensing signal, such as an S-RS) in a second CC (e.g., second cell). In this example, for dual-station sensing of the target 2030, the control information may indicate to the network device 2010 (e.g., UE) to perform aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second CC (e.g., second cell).

[0231] After the network device 2020 (e.g., gNB) transmits a trigger signal 2060 to the network device 2010 (e.g., UE) in the first CC (e.g., the first cell), the network device 2010 (e.g., UE) operating as a radar Tx may perform sensing signal transmission (e.g., transmitting a non-periodic sensing signal 2040 such as S-RS) toward the object 2030 in the second CC (e.g., the second cell). Therefore, the network device 2010 (e.g., UE) operates according to the control information in the trigger signal 2060.

[0232] In one or more examples, the aperiodic sensing signal 2040 (e.g., S-RS) may be included in a communication signal and a sensing signal that are multiplexed together (e.g., via time division multiplexing and / or frequency division multiplexing) for joint communication and sensing purposes. The aperiodic sensing signal 2040 (e.g., S-RS) may be reflected from a target (e.g., target 2030) to generate a reflected sensing signal 2050 (e.g., S-RS), which may be reflected toward the network device 2020 (e.g., gNB). The network device 2020 (e.g., gNB) operating as a radar Rx may receive the reflected sensing signal 2050.

[0233] After the network device 2020 (e.g., gNB) receives the reflection sensing signal 2020, the network device 2020 (e.g., gNB) may obtain a measurement (e.g., Doppler measurement, RTT measurement, TOA measurement, and / or TDOA measurement) of the received reflection sensing signal 2050. At least one processor (e.g., Fig. 22 The processor 2210 can then determine or calculate characteristics (e.g., velocity, position, distance, movement, heading, size, etc.) of a target (e.g., target 2030) by using sensing measurements (e.g., Doppler measurements, RTT measurements, TOA measurements, and / or TDOA measurements) from the received reflected sensing signal 2050.

[0234] Fig.21 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process 2100 for wireless communication using a method for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs. The process 2100 may be performed by a network device such as a UE (e.g., a smart phone, a smart watch, virtual reality glasses, or a vehicle), a base station (e.g., a gNB), a portion of a base station (e.g., a CU, a DU, a RU, or other portion of a base station), or a component or system (e.g., a chipset) of a UE or a base station. The operations of the process 2100 may be implemented as a processor on one or more processors (e.g., Fig. 22 The software components executed and run on the processor 2210 or other processors of the wireless communication device. In addition, the wireless communication device may enable the transmission and reception of signals in the process 2100, for example, through one or more antennas and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceivers).

[0235] At block 2110, a network device (or a component thereof) may receive (eg, via Figure 4 The trigger signal may include control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier. In some aspects, the first frequency carrier is a first component carrier (CC) (e.g., Fig.18 ), and the second frequency carrier is a second CC (eg, Fig.18 In some cases, the network device may be configured for inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) or intra-band CA. In such cases, the first frequency carrier may be associated with a primary cell, a primary secondary cell (pScell), or a secondary cell (Scell).

[0236] In some aspects, the trigger signal includes downlink control information (DCI), such as Fig.18 The trigger DCI or Fig.19A trigger signal 1960 is provided. The DCI (e.g., an unused field or an additional field in the DCI) may include control information. In some cases, the DCI is a scheduled DCI scheduled in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In some examples, the DCI may be a group common DCI including a common configuration for a group of network devices including the network device. For example, as described herein, the group of network devices may be configured for collaborative sensing. In some cases, the timeline from receiving a trigger signal to performing aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from the last control resource set (CORESET) symbol of the received DCI.

[0237] In some aspects, the trigger signal includes a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE), such as Fig.19 The trigger signal 1960 in the MAC-CE may include control information. In some cases, the timeline from receiving the trigger signal to performing the aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from the end of the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) containing the MAC-CE.

[0238] At block 2120, the network device (or a component thereof) may perform (eg, via Figure 4 In one example, to perform aperiodic sensing signal reception, the network device (or its components) may receive (e.g., via Figure 4 In such examples, to perform aperiodic sensing signal transmission, the network device (or its components) may transmit (eg, via Figure 4 The wireless transceiver 478 of the present invention may be configured to receive a second non-periodic sensing signal from a first non-periodic sensing signal. In some cases, the first non-periodic sensing signal and / or the second non-periodic sensing signal is a sensing reference signal (S-RS). In some aspects, a parameter set for the first non-periodic sensing signal and / or the second non-periodic sensing signal includes a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, a duration, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the parameter set may depend on where the trigger signal is received and / or where the sensing signal (e.g., the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal) is triggered for one of sending or receiving. In some examples, the parameter set is configured via radio resource control (RRC).

[0239] In some aspects, the reference time slot is located in time between the trigger signal and the non-periodic sensing signal transmission. In some cases, the available time slot (e.g., the first available time slot 1850) may be located in time after the reference time slot. In such cases, the non-periodic sensing signal reception or the non-periodic sensing signal transmission may occur in the available time slot.

[0240] Fig. 22 2 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 2200 for wireless communication using a method for aperiodic S-RS triggering across CCs. The process 2200 may be performed by a network device such as a UE (e.g., a smart phone, a smart watch, virtual reality glasses, or a vehicle), a base station (e.g., a gNB), a portion of a base station (e.g., a CU, a DU, a RU, or other portion of a base station), or a component or system (e.g., a chipset) of a UE or a base station. The operations of the process 2200 may be implemented as a processor on one or more processors (e.g., Fig.23 The software components executed and run on the processor 2310 or other processors of the wireless communication device. In addition, the wireless communication device may enable the transmission and reception of signals in the process 2200, for example, through one or more antennas and / or one or more transceivers (eg, wireless transceivers).

[0241] At block 2210, a network device (or a component thereof) may transmit (eg, via Figure 4 The trigger signal may include control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier. In some aspects, the first frequency carrier is a first component carrier (CC) (e.g., Fig.18 ), and the second frequency carrier is a second CC (eg, Fig.18 In some cases, the network device may be configured for inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) or intra-band CA. In such cases, the first frequency carrier may be associated with a primary cell, a primary secondary cell (pScell), or a secondary cell (Scell).

[0242] In some aspects, the trigger signal includes downlink control information (DCI), such as Fig.18 The trigger DCI or Fig.19A trigger signal 1960 is provided. The DCI (e.g., an unused field or an additional field in the DCI) may include control information. In some cases, the DCI is a scheduled DCI scheduled in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In some examples, the DCI may be a group common DCI including a common configuration for a group of network devices including the network device. For example, as described herein, the group of network devices may be configured for collaborative sensing. In some cases, the timeline from sending a trigger signal to performing aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from the last control resource set (CORESET) symbol of the received DCI.

[0243] In some aspects, the trigger signal includes a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE), such as Fig.19 The trigger signal 1960 in the MAC-CE may include control information. In some cases, the timeline from sending the trigger signal to performing the aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from the end of the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) containing the MAC-CE.

[0244] At block 2220, the network device (or a component thereof) may perform (eg, via Figure 4 The processor 484 of the second frequency carrier receives or sends one of the non-periodic sensing signals. For example, as described above with respect to Fig.17 As described, after the network device 1720 (e.g., gNB) transmits a trigger signal in a first CC to one or more network devices 1710a, 1710b, or 1710c (e.g., UE), the network device 1720 may perform sensing signal transmission (e.g., transmitting aperiodic sensing signal 1740, such as S-RS) toward the object 1730 in a second CC (e.g., second cell). The network device 1720 may thus operate in a manner complementary to (e.g., in an opposite manner to) the control information in the trigger signal. In one example, in order to perform aperiodic sensing signal reception, the network device (or a component thereof) may receive (e.g., via Figure 4 In such examples, to perform aperiodic sensing signal transmission, the network device (or its components) may transmit (eg, via Figure 4 The wireless transceiver 478) sends a second non-periodic sensing signal.

[0245] In some cases, the first aperiodic sensing signal and / or the second aperiodic sensing signal is a sensing reference signal (S-RS). In some aspects, a parameter set for the first aperiodic sensing signal and / or the second aperiodic sensing signal includes a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, a duration, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the parameter set may depend on where the trigger signal is received and / or where the sensing signal (e.g., the first aperiodic sensing signal or the second aperiodic sensing signal) is triggered for one of sending or receiving. In some examples, the parameter set is configured via a radio resource control (RRC).

[0246] In some aspects, the reference time slot is located in time between the trigger signal and the non-periodic sensing signal transmission. In some cases, the available time slot (e.g., the first available time slot 1850) may be located in time after the reference time slot. In such cases, the non-periodic sensing signal reception or the non-periodic sensing signal transmission may occur in the available time slot.

[0247] Fig.23 23 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system 2300 that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for triggering rules for aperiodic S-RS across CCs. Specifically, Fig.23 An example of a computing system 2300 is illustrated, which can be any computing device, for example, constituting an internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any components thereof, where the components of the system communicate with each other using connection 2305. Connection 2305 can be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection into processor 2310, such as in a chipset architecture. Connection 2305 can also be a virtual connection, a networked connection, or a logical connection.

[0248] In some aspects, computing system 2300 is a distributed system, where the functionality described in the present disclosure can be distributed within a data center, multiple data centers, a peer-to-peer network, etc. In some aspects, one or more of the described system components represent a number of such components, each of which performs a portion or all of the functionality of the described component. In some aspects, each component can be a physical or virtual device.

[0249] The example system 2300 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 2310 and connections 2305 that communicatively couple various system components including system memory 2315, such as read only memory (ROM) 2320 and random access memory (RAM) 2325, to the processor 2310. The computing system 2300 may include a cache 2312 of high-speed memory directly connected to the processor 2310, close to the processor, or integrated as part of the processor.

[0250] Processor 2310 may include any general purpose processor and hardware or software services, such as services 2332, 2334, and 2336 stored in storage device 2330, that are configured to control processor 2310 as well as a dedicated processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 2310 may essentially be a completely independent computing system containing multiple cores or processors, buses, memory controllers, caches, etc. Multi-core processors may be symmetric or asymmetric.

[0251] To enable user interaction, the computing system 2300 includes an input device 2345 that can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for voice, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, a keyboard, a mouse, motion input, voice, etc. The computing system 2300 may also include an output device 2335 that can be one or more of a plurality of output mechanisms. In some cases, a multimodal system may enable a user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with the computing system 2300.

[0252] The computing system 2300 may include a communication interface 2340, which may generally govern and manage user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate receiving and / or sending wired or wireless communications using wired and / or wireless transceivers, including using an audio jack / plug, a microphone jack / plug, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port / plug, an Apple ™ Lightning ™ Ports / plugs, Ethernet ports / plugs, Fiber optic ports / plugs, Dedicated wired ports / plugs, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signal delivery, Bluetooth ™ Wireless signal transmission, Bluetooth ™ Low energy (BLE) wireless signal transmission, IBEACON ™ Wireless signaling, radio frequency identification (RFID) wireless signaling, near field communication (NFC) wireless signaling, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) wireless signaling, 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless signaling, wireless local area network (WLAN) signaling, visible light communication (VLC), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), infrared (IR) communication wireless signaling, public switched telephone network (PSTN) signaling, integrated services digital network (ISDN) signaling, ad hoc network signaling, radio wave signaling, microwave signaling, infrared signaling, visible light signaling, ultraviolet light signaling, wireless signaling along the electromagnetic spectrum, or some combination thereof.

[0253] The communication interface 2340 may also include one or more range finding sensors (e.g., LIDAR sensors, laser range finders, RF radars, ultrasonic sensors, and infrared (IR) sensors) configured to collect data and provide measurements to the processor 2310, whereby the processor 2310 may be configured to perform determinations and calculations required to obtain various measurements of the one or more range finding sensors. In some examples, the measurements may include flight time, wavelength, azimuth, elevation, distance, linear velocity, and / or angular velocity, or any combination thereof. The communication interface 2340 may also include one or more global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers or transceivers for determining the location of the computing system 2300 based on receiving one or more signals from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the United States' GPS, Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and Europe's Galileo GNSS. There is no restriction to operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and thus the underlying features herein may be easily substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.

[0254] The storage device 2330 may be a non-volatile and / or non-transitory and / or computer-readable memory device and may be a hard disk or other type of computer-readable medium that can store data accessible by a computer, such as a magnetic cassette, a flash memory card, a solid-state memory device, a digital versatile disk, a cassette, a floppy disk, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, a magnetic stripe / magnetic stripe, any other magnetic storage medium, flash memory, a memristor memory, any other solid-state memory, a compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) optical disk, a rewritable compact disk (CD) optical disk, a digital video disk (DVD) optical disk, a Blu-ray disc (BDD) optical disk, a holographic optical disk, another optical medium, a secure digital (SD) card, a micro secure digital (microSD) card, a memory stick ®card, a smart card chip, an EMV chip, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a mini / micro / nano / pico SIM card, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, a random access memory (RAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash EPROM (FLASHEPROM), a cache memory (e.g., a layer 1 (L1) cache, a layer 2 (L2) cache, a layer 3 (L3) cache, a layer 4 (L4) cache, a layer 5 (L5) cache, other (L#) cache), a resistive random access memory (RRAM / ReRAM), a phase change memory (PCM), a spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM), another memory chip or box, and / or a combination thereof.

[0255] The storage device 2330 may include software services, servers, services, etc., which, when the code defining such software is executed by the processor 2310, causes the system to perform functions. In some aspects, hardware services that perform specific functions may include software components for performing functions stored in a computer-readable medium connected to necessary hardware components (such as the processor 2310, the connection 2305, the output device 2335, etc.). The term "computer-readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other media capable of storing, containing or carrying instructions and / or data. Computer-readable media may include non-transitory media in which data may be stored and does not include carrier waves and / or transient electronic signals propagated wirelessly or over a wired connection. Examples of non-transitory media may include, but are not limited to, disks or tapes, optical storage media (such as compact discs (CDs) or digital versatile discs (DVDs)), flash memory, memory, or memory devices. Computer readable media may store thereon code and / or machine executable instructions, which may represent a procedure, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, category, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and / or receiving information, data, independent variables, parameters, or memory contents. Information, independent variables, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or sent via any suitable means, including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network sending, etc.

[0256] Specific details are provided in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects and examples provided herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the application is not limited thereto. Thus, although the exemplary aspects of the present application have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that each inventive concept can be implemented and adopted in various other ways, and the appended claims are not intended to be interpreted as including these variations, unless limited by the prior art. The various features and aspects of the above-mentioned applications can be used individually or in combination. In addition, without departing from the broader scope of this specification, each aspect can be used in any number of environments and applications beyond the environment and application described herein. Therefore, the description and the accompanying drawings should be considered as illustrative rather than restrictive. For the purpose of illustration, each method is described in a specific order. It should be appreciated that, in alternative aspects, each method can be performed in a different order than described.

[0257] For the sake of explanation, in some cases, the present technology can be presented as including separate functional blocks, which include devices, device components, steps or routines in the method embodied in software or a combination of hardware and software. Additional components other than those components shown in the drawings and / or described herein can be used. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes and other components can be shown as components in block diagram form to avoid confusing these aspects in unnecessary details. In other examples, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures and techniques can be shown without unnecessary details to avoid confusing various aspects.

[0258] In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various exemplary components, frames, modules, circuits and steps have been generally described above in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints proposed to the entire system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functions in different ways for each specific application, but such specific implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0259] Various aspects may be described above as a process or method, which is depicted as a flow chart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flow chart may describe an operation as a sequential process, many operations in the operation may be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be rearranged. The process is terminated when the operation of the process is completed, but the process may have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, the termination of the process may correspond to the function returning to the calling function or the main function.

[0260] The processes and methods according to the above examples can be implemented using stored computer executable instructions or otherwise obtained from computer readable media. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data that configure a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or a processing device to perform a certain function or function group. Parts of the computer resources used can be accessed through a network. Computer executable instructions can be, for example, binary, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, source code. Examples of computer readable media that can be used to store instructions, information used, and / or information created during the method according to the described examples include disks or optical disks, flash memories, USB devices with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, etc.

[0261] In some aspects, computer readable storage devices, media, and memories may include cables or wireless signals containing bit streams, etc. However, when referred to, non-transitory computer readable storage media specifically excludes media such as power consumption, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals themselves.

[0262] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof in some cases, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0263] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any combination thereof, and may be implemented in any of a variety of form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, program code or code segments (e.g., computer program products) for performing necessary tasks may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. The processor may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of various form factors include: laptops, smart phones, mobile phones, tablet devices, or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rack-mounted devices, stand-alone devices, etc. The functionality described herein may also be embodied in peripheral devices or add-in cards. By way of additional examples, such functionality may also be implemented on circuit boards in different chips or different processes executed on a single device.

[0264] Instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example components for providing the functionality described in this disclosure.

[0265] The technology described herein may also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such technology may be implemented in any of a variety of devices, such as general-purpose computers, wireless communication devices, or integrated circuit devices with multiple uses, including applications in wireless communication devices, mobile phones, and other devices. Any features described as modules or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the technology may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium including a program code, which includes instructions for executing one or more of the above methods, algorithms, and / or operations when executed. The computer-readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may include a memory or data storage medium, such as a random access memory (RAM) (such as a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM)), a read-only memory (ROM), a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory, a magnetic or optical data storage medium, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the technology may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer, such as a propagated signal or wave.

[0266] The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general-purpose microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits. Such processors may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; however, in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Therefore, the term "processor" as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structures, any combination of the foregoing structures, or any other structure or device suitable for implementing the techniques described herein.

[0267] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the less than ("<") and greater than (">") symbols or terms used herein may be replaced by less than or equal to (" ”) and greater than or equal to (“ ”) symbol instead.

[0268] Where a component is described as being “configured to” perform certain operations, such configuration may be achieved, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operations, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., a microprocessor or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operations, or any combination thereof.

[0269] The phrases “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” refer to any component being physically connected directly or indirectly to another component, and / or any component being in communication directly or indirectly with another component (e.g., connected to the other component via a wired or wireless connection and / or other suitable communication interface).

[0270] Claim language or other language stating "at least one of" a set and / or "one or more of" a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfies the claim. For example, claim language stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language stating "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or A and B and C. The language "at least one of" a set and / or "one or more of" a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, claim language stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B.

[0271] Exemplary aspects of the present disclosure include:

[0272] Aspect 1. A network device for wireless communication, the network device comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receive a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal comprises control information indicating one of non-periodic sensing signal reception or non-periodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and based on the control information, perform one of non-periodic sensing signal reception or non-periodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier.

[0273] Aspect 2. The network device according to aspect 1, wherein the network device is a user equipment (UE).

[0274] Aspect 3. The network device according to any one of aspects 1 or 2, wherein the first frequency carrier is a first component carrier (CC) and the second frequency carrier is a second CC.

[0275] Aspect 4. A network device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein: in order to perform the non-periodic sensing signal reception, the at least one processor is configured to receive a first non-periodic sensing signal; and in order to perform the non-periodic sensing signal sending, the at least one processor is configured to output a second non-periodic sensing signal for sending.

[0276] Aspect 5. The network device according to aspect 4, wherein at least one of the first aperiodic sensing signal or the second aperiodic sensing signal is a sensing reference signal (S-RS).

[0277] Aspect 6. A network device according to any one of Aspects 4 or 5, wherein a parameter set of at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal includes at least one of a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, or a duration.

[0278] Aspect 7. A network device according to Aspect 6, wherein the parameter set depends on at least one of the following: where the trigger signal is received, or where at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal is triggered for one of sending or receiving.

[0279] Aspect 8. The network device according to any one of aspects 6 or 7, wherein the parameter set is configured via radio resource control (RRC).

[0280] Aspect 9. The network device according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the network device is configured for one of inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) or intra-band CA.

[0281] Aspect 10. The network device according to aspect 9, wherein the first frequency carrier is associated with one of a primary cell, a primary secondary cell (pScell), or a secondary cell (Scell).

[0282] Aspect 11. The network device according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the trigger signal comprises downlink control information (DCI), and wherein the DCI comprises the control information.

[0283] Aspect 12. The network device according to aspect 11, wherein the DCI is a scheduled DCI scheduled in one of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0284] Aspect 13. The network device according to any one of aspects 11 or 12, wherein the DCI is a group common DCI including a common configuration for a group of network devices including the network device.

[0285] Aspect 14. The network device according to aspect 13, wherein the group of network devices are configured for cooperative sensing.

[0286] Aspect 15. A network device according to any one of aspects 11 to 14, wherein one of an unused field or an additional field in the DCI includes the control information.

[0287] Aspect 16. The network device according to any one of aspects 11 to 15, wherein a timeline from receiving the trigger signal to performing one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from receiving a last control resource set (CORESET) symbol of the DCI.

[0288] Aspect 17. The network device according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the trigger signal comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE), and wherein the MAC-CE comprises the control information.

[0289] Aspect 18. The network device according to aspect 17, wherein a timeline from receiving the trigger signal to performing one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from an end of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) including the MAC-CE.

[0290] Aspect 19. The network device according to any one of aspects 1 to 18, wherein a reference time slot is located in time between the trigger signal and the non-periodic sensing signal transmission.

[0291] Aspect 20. The network device according to aspect 19, wherein an available time slot is located after the reference time slot in time, and wherein one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission occurs in the available time slot.

[0292] Aspect 21. A method for performing wireless communications at a network device, the method comprising: receiving a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal comprises control information indicating one of non-periodic sensing signal reception or non-periodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and based on the control information, performing one of non-periodic sensing signal reception or non-periodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier.

[0293] Aspect 22. The method according to aspect 21, wherein the network device is a user equipment (UE).

[0294] Aspect 23. The method according to any one of aspects 21 or 22, wherein the first frequency carrier is a first component carrier (CC) and the second frequency carrier is a second CC.

[0295] Aspect 24. The method according to any one of Aspects 21 to 23, wherein performing the non-periodic sensing signal reception includes receiving a first non-periodic sensing signal, and wherein performing the non-periodic sensing signal transmission includes transmitting a second non-periodic sensing signal.

[0296] Aspect 25. The method according to aspect 24, wherein at least one of the first aperiodic sensing signal or the second aperiodic sensing signal is a sensing reference signal (S-RS).

[0297] Aspect 26. A method according to any one of Aspects 24 or 25, wherein a parameter set of at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal includes at least one of a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, or a duration.

[0298] Aspect 27. A method according to aspect 26, wherein the parameter set depends on at least one of the following: where the trigger signal is received, or where at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal is triggered for one of sending or receiving.

[0299] Aspect 28. The method according to any one of aspects 26 or 27, wherein the parameter set is configured via radio resource control (RRC).

[0300] Aspect 29. The method according to any one of aspects 21 to 28, wherein the network device is configured for one of inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) or intra-band CA.

[0301] Aspect 30. The method according to aspect 29, wherein the first frequency carrier is associated with one of a primary cell, a primary secondary cell (pScell), or a secondary cell (Scell).

[0302] Aspect 31. A method according to any one of aspects 21 to 30, wherein the trigger signal comprises downlink control information (DCI), and wherein the DCI comprises the control information.

[0303] Aspect 32. The method according to aspect 31, wherein the DCI is a scheduled DCI scheduled in one of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0304] Aspect 33. A method according to any one of aspects 31 or 32, wherein the DCI is a group common DCI including a common configuration for a group of network devices including the network device.

[0305] Aspect 34. The method according to aspect 33, wherein the group of network devices are configured for cooperative sensing.

[0306] Aspect 35. A method according to any one of aspects 31 to 34, wherein one of an unused field or an additional field in the DCI includes the control information.

[0307] Aspect 36. The method according to any one of aspects 31 to 35, wherein a timeline from receiving the trigger signal to performing one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from receiving a last control resource set (CORESET) symbol of the DCI.

[0308] Aspect 37. The method according to any one of aspects 21 to 36, wherein the trigger signal comprises a Medium Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE), and wherein the MAC-CE comprises the control information.

[0309] Aspect 38. The method according to aspect 37, wherein a timeline from receiving the trigger signal to performing one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from an end of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) including the MAC-CE.

[0310] Aspect 39. A method according to any one of aspects 21 to 38, wherein a reference time slot is located in time between the trigger signal and the non-periodic sensing signal transmission.

[0311] Aspect 40. The method according to aspect 39, wherein an available time slot is located after the reference time slot in time, and wherein one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission occurs in the available time slot.

[0312] Aspect 41. A network device for wireless communication, the network device comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: send a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal comprises control information indicating one of non-periodic sensing signal reception or non-periodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and based on opposite information of the control information, perform one of non-periodic sensing signal reception or non-periodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier.

[0313] Aspect 42. The network device according to aspect 41, wherein the network device is a base station.

[0314] Aspect 43. The network device according to any one of aspects 41 or 42, wherein the first frequency carrier is a first component carrier (CC) and the second frequency carrier is a second CC.

[0315] Aspect 44. A network device according to any one of Aspects 41 to 43, wherein: in order to perform the non-periodic sensing signal reception, the at least one processor is configured to receive a first non-periodic sensing signal; and in order to perform the non-periodic sensing signal sending, the at least one processor is configured to output a second non-periodic sensing signal for sending.

[0316] Aspect 45. The network device according to aspect 44, wherein at least one of the first aperiodic sensing signal or the second aperiodic sensing signal is a sensing reference signal (S-RS).

[0317] Aspect 46. A network device according to any one of Aspects 44 or 45, wherein a parameter set for at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal includes at least one of a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, or a duration.

[0318] Aspect 47. A network device according to Aspect 46, wherein the parameter set depends on at least one of the following: where the trigger signal is received, or where at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal is triggered for one of sending or receiving.

[0319] Aspect 48. The network device according to any one of aspects 46 or 47, wherein the parameter set is configured via radio resource control (RRC).

[0320] Aspect 49. The network device according to any one of aspects 41 to 48, wherein the network device is configured for one of inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) or intra-band CA.

[0321] Aspect 50. The network device of aspect 49, wherein the first frequency carrier is associated with one of a primary cell, a primary secondary cell (pScell), or a secondary cell (Scell).

[0322] Aspect 51. A network device according to any one of aspects 41 to 50, wherein the trigger signal includes downlink control information (DCI), and wherein the DCI includes the control information.

[0323] Aspect 52. The network device according to aspect 51, wherein the DCI is a scheduled DCI scheduled in one of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0324] Aspect 53. A network device according to any one of aspects 51 or 52, wherein the DCI is a group common DCI including a common configuration for a group of network devices including the network device.

[0325] Aspect 54. The network device according to aspect 53, wherein the group of network devices are configured for cooperative sensing.

[0326] Aspect 55. A network device according to any one of aspects 51 to 54, wherein one of an unused field or an additional field in the DCI includes the control information.

[0327] Aspect 56. The network device according to any one of aspects 41 to 55, wherein the trigger signal comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE), and wherein the MAC-CE comprises the control information.

[0328] Aspect 57. A method for performing wireless communications at a network device, the method comprising: sending a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal comprises control information indicating one of non-periodic sensing signal reception or non-periodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; and based on opposite information of the control information, performing one of non-periodic sensing signal reception or non-periodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier.

[0329] Aspect 58. The method according to aspect 57, wherein the network device is a base station.

[0330] Aspect 59. The method according to any one of aspects 57 or 58, wherein the first frequency carrier is a first component carrier (CC) and the second frequency carrier is a second CC.

[0331] Aspect 60. The method according to any one of Aspects 57 to 59, wherein performing the non-periodic sensing signal reception includes receiving a first non-periodic sensing signal, and wherein performing the non-periodic sensing signal transmission includes transmitting a second non-periodic sensing signal.

[0332] Aspect 61. The method according to aspect 60, wherein at least one of the first aperiodic sensing signal or the second aperiodic sensing signal is a sensing reference signal (S-RS).

[0333] Aspect 62. A method according to any one of Aspects 60 or 61, wherein a parameter set of at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal includes at least one of a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, or a duration.

[0334] Aspect 63. A method according to aspect 62, wherein the parameter set depends on at least one of the following: where the trigger signal is received, or where at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal is triggered for one of sending or receiving.

[0335] Aspect 64. The method according to any one of aspects 62 or 63, wherein the parameter set is configured via radio resource control (RRC).

[0336] Aspect 65. The method according to any one of aspects 57 to 64, wherein the network device is configured for one of inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) or intra-band CA.

[0337] Aspect 66. The method according to aspect 65, wherein the first frequency carrier is associated with one of a primary cell, a primary secondary cell (pScell), or a secondary cell (Scell).

[0338] Aspect 67. A method according to any one of aspects 57 to 66, wherein the trigger signal includes downlink control information (DCI), and wherein the DCI includes the control information.

[0339] Aspect 68. The method of aspect 67, wherein the DCI is a scheduled DCI scheduled in one of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0340] Aspect 69. A method according to any one of aspects 67 or 68, wherein the DCI is a group common DCI including a common configuration for a group of network devices including the network device.

[0341] Aspect 70. The method according to aspect 69, wherein the set of network devices are configured for cooperative sensing.

[0342] Aspect 71. A method according to any one of aspects 67 to 70, wherein one of an unused field or an additional field in the DCI includes the control information.

[0343] Aspect 72. The method according to any one of aspects 57 to 71, wherein the trigger signal comprises a Medium Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE), and wherein the MAC-CE comprises the control information.

[0344] Aspect 73. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to any one of aspects 21 to 40.

[0345] Aspect 74. A network device comprising one or more components for performing the operations according to any one of Aspects 21 to 40.

[0346] Aspect 75. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to any one of aspects 57 to 72.

[0347] Aspect 76. A network device comprising one or more components for performing the operations according to any one of Aspects 57 to 72.

[0348] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be consistent with the full scope of the language claims, where elements mentioned in the singular are not intended to mean "one and only one", unless specifically stated otherwise, but rather "one or more".

Claims

1. A network device for wireless communication, the network device include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receiving a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; as well as Based on the control information, one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier is performed. The network device of claim 1 , wherein the network device is a user equipment (UE).

3. The network device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the first frequency carrier is a first component carrier (CC) and the second frequency carrier is a second CC.

4. The network device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in: To perform the aperiodic sensing signal reception, the at least one processor is configured to receive a first aperiodic sensing signal; and To perform the aperiodic sensing signal transmission, the at least one processor is configured to output a second aperiodic sensing signal for transmission. 5 . The network device of claim 4 , wherein at least one of the first aperiodic sensing signal or the second aperiodic sensing signal is a sensing reference signal (S-RS).

6. The network device according to any one of claims 4 or 5, wherein a parameter set of at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal comprises at least one of a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth or a duration.

7. The network device of claim 6, wherein the parameter set depends on at least one of: where the trigger signal is received, or where at least one of the first aperiodic sensing signal or the second aperiodic sensing signal is triggered for one of sending or receiving.

8. The network device according to any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the parameter set is configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC).

9. The network device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the network device is configured for one of inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) or intra-band CA.

10. The network device of claim 9, wherein the first frequency carrier is associated with one of a primary cell, a primary secondary cell (pScell), or a secondary cell (Scell).

11. The network device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the trigger signal comprises downlink control information (DCI), and wherein the DCI comprises the control information.

12. The network device of claim 11, wherein the DCI is a scheduled DCI scheduled in one of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). 13 . The network device according to claim 11 , wherein the DCI is a group common DCI including a common configuration for a group of network devices including the network device. The network device of claim 13 , wherein the group of network devices are configured for collaborative sensing.

15. The network device according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein one of an unused field or an additional field in the DCI includes the control information. 16 . The network device according to claim 11 , wherein a timeline from receiving the trigger signal to performing one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from receiving a last control resource set (CORESET) symbol of the DCI.

17. The network device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the trigger signal comprises a Medium Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE), and wherein the MAC-CE comprises the control information. 18 . The network device of claim 17 , wherein a timeline from receiving the trigger signal to performing one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from an end of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) including the MAC-CE.

19. The network device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein a reference time slot is located in time between the trigger signal and the non-periodic sensing signal transmission. 20 . The network device of claim 19 , wherein an available time slot is located temporally after the reference time slot, and wherein one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission occurs in the available time slot.

21. A method for wireless communication at a network device, the method include: receiving a trigger signal in a first frequency carrier, wherein the trigger signal includes control information indicating one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in a second frequency carrier; as well as Based on the control information, one of aperiodic sensing signal reception or aperiodic sensing signal transmission in the second frequency carrier is performed.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first frequency carrier is a first component carrier (CC) and the second frequency carrier is a second CC.

23. The method of any one of claims 21 or 22, wherein performing the aperiodic sensing signal reception comprises receiving a first aperiodic sensing signal, and wherein performing the aperiodic sensing signal transmission comprises transmitting a second aperiodic sensing signal.

24. A method according to claim 23, wherein a parameter set of at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal includes at least one of a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth or a duration, and wherein the parameter set depends on at least one of the following: where the trigger signal is received, or where at least one of the first non-periodic sensing signal or the second non-periodic sensing signal is triggered for one of sending or receiving.

25. The method of any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the network device is configured for one of inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) or intra-band CA, and wherein the first frequency carrier is associated with one of a primary cell, a primary secondary cell (pScell), or a secondary cell (Scell).

26. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the trigger signal comprises downlink control information (DCI), and wherein the DCI comprises the control information. 27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein a timeline from receiving the trigger signal to performing one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from receiving a last control resource set (CORESET) symbol of the DCI.

28. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the trigger signal comprises a Medium Access Control - Control Element (MAC-CE), and wherein the MAC-CE comprises the control information.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein a timeline from receiving the trigger signal to performing one of the aperiodic sensing signal reception or the aperiodic sensing signal transmission starts from an end of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) including the MAC-CE.

30. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 29, wherein a reference time slot is located in time between the trigger signal and the aperiodic sensing signal transmission.

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