A cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method

Abstract

The present invention provides a cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method, the device comprising: a substrate; a ring laser system comprising a laser and a laser mirror group, the laser being able to emit a laser beam and transmit it to the laser mirror group via an optical fiber, wherein the laser beam forms a hollow ring-shaped laser beam under the action of the laser mirror group; a GMAW welding system comprising a GMAW power supply, a GMAW welding torch, a wire feeder, and a cable-type wire, the cable-type wire being connected to the wire feeder and fed into the GMAW welding torch via the wire feeder, the cable-type wire being coaxial with the hollow ring-shaped laser beam, the negative pole of the GMAW power supply being connected to the substrate, and the positive pole being connected to the cable-type wire via the GMAW welding torch; the cable-type wire being a stranded wire structure formed by twisting at least three branched wires, a rotating arc being formed between the cable-type wire and the substrate, and the hollow ring-shaped laser beam and the rotating arc forming a coupled heat source; the present invention can effectively improve the operational flexibility and convenience of additive manufacturing while ensuring the cladding efficiency, thereby achieving stable and efficient additive manufacturing of titanium alloys.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of metal additive manufacturing, and in particular to a cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device and a manufacturing method. Background Art

[0002] Among existing technologies for laser additive manufacturing of titanium alloys, the laser coaxial wire feeding additive manufacturing process offers high flexibility, moderate efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, making it an advanced manufacturing technology with promising application prospects in the field. However, during the laser coaxial wire feeding additive manufacturing of titanium alloys, the high energy density and small heat source range of the ring laser lead to uneven heating of the base material and the metal welding wire. This can easily lead to problems such as insufficient melting of the metal welding wire, unstable droplet transfer, and poor weld bead formation, resulting in low cladding efficiency in laser coaxial wire feeding additive manufacturing.

[0003] To this end, the applicant earlier filed patent CN118989599B, which utilizes a laser-TIG welding system. This system couples the rotating TIG arc with a circular laser beam to form a coupled heat source, ensuring uniform heating of the welding wire and improving the welding efficiency. However, in actual applications, the applicant discovered that the directional nature of TIG wire feeding limited the operational flexibility of the laser-TIG arc hybrid process, creating inconvenience for related operations during the manufacturing process.

[0004] Specifically, patent CN118989599B requires the complete coordination of the three actions of "tungsten electrode rotation", "tungsten electrode and hollow ring laser beam running in the same direction and speed", and "inclined wire feeding and overall movement of the metal wire" to ensure that the molten droplet accurately drips into the molten pool. At the same time, due to the directional limitation of its TIG inclined wire feeding, it is also necessary to focus on the spatial synchronization between the "continuously melted end of the metal wire" and the hollow ring laser beam (or TIG arc). If the metal wire melts too fast or too slow, it will cause spatial misalignment between the melted end of the metal wire and the hollow ring laser beam (or TIG arc), resulting in the molten droplet being unable to accurately drip into the molten pool. This will cause inconvenience to related operations in the additive manufacturing process, resulting in limited operational flexibility and not conducive to reducing the difficulty of controlling the coordinated movement between related components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method to solve the problem in the prior art that the operational flexibility of additive manufacturing is limited due to the directional limitation of TIG wire feeding.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0007] A cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device comprises: a substrate; a ring laser system, comprising a laser and a laser mirror assembly, wherein the laser can emit a laser beam and transmit it to the laser mirror assembly through an optical fiber, and the laser beam forms a hollow ring-shaped laser beam under the action of the laser mirror assembly; a GMAW welding system, comprising a GMAW power supply, a GMAW welding torch, a wire feeder, and a cable-type wire, wherein the cable-type wire is connected to the wire feeder and fed into the GMAW welding torch through the wire feeder, wherein the wire feeding direction of the wire feeder is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located, the cable-type wire is coaxial with the hollow ring-shaped laser beam, and at least the melting end of the cable-type wire is provided with Inside the hollow annular laser beam, the negative electrode of the GMAW power supply is connected to the substrate, and the positive electrode is connected to the cable wire through the GMAW welding torch. The cable wire is a stranded wire structure formed by twisting at least three separate wires. Under the action of the GMAW power supply, as the molten end of the cable wire melts, the relative spatial positions of the separate wires on the molten end surface of the cable wire change. A rotating arc with the central axis of the cable wire as the rotation axis is formed between the cable wire and the substrate. The hollow annular laser beam and the rotating arc form a coupled heat source. The central axis of the hollow annular laser beam, the central axis of the rotating arc, and the cable wire are all perpendicular to the plane of the substrate.

[0008] Furthermore, the hollow annular laser beam is projected onto the substrate to form an annular light spot; and the end of the rotating arc close to the substrate is entirely located in the area within the outer circle of the annular light spot.

[0009] Furthermore, the annular light spot and the rotating arc work together to form a molten pool on the substrate, and molten droplets corresponding to the individual filaments of the cable-type wire material can drip into the molten pool.

[0010] Furthermore, the device includes a controller and a first displacement mechanism, wherein the first displacement mechanism is connected to the substrate, and the controller is connected to the first displacement mechanism for controlling the movement of the substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, the device includes a controller and a second displacement mechanism. The second displacement mechanism is connected to the ring laser system and the GMAW welding system to drive the ring laser system and the GMAW welding system to move synchronously, so that the hollow ring laser beam and the cable wire can move relative to the substrate in the horizontal direction in the form of synchronous movement. The controller is connected to the second displacement mechanism to control the synchronous movement of the ring laser system and the GMAW welding system.

[0012] Furthermore, according to the single-pass deposition width of the substrate area to be added, the deposition speed, the laser power, duty cycle, and laser frequency output by the laser, the defocusing amount of the hollow ring laser beam, the arc current provided by the GMAW power supply, and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder are set. The specific setting parameters are shown in the following table:

[0013] ,

[0014] The deposition speed is the relative movement speed between the substrate and the hollow ring laser beam or the cable-type wire in the horizontal direction.

[0015] A cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing method is applied to the cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device, the method comprising: S1, pre-treating a substrate; S2, starting a ring laser system, wherein a laser emits a laser beam and transmits it to a laser mirror group through an optical fiber, wherein the laser beam forms a hollow ring laser beam under the action of the laser mirror group, and the hollow ring laser beam is projected onto the substrate to form an annular light spot; S3, starting a GMAW welding system, wherein a wire feeder feeds the cable-type wire; at the same time, the negative electrode of the GMAW power supply is connected to the substrate, and the positive electrode is connected to the cable-type wire through a GMAW welding torch; as the melting end of the cable-type wire melts, a rotating arc with the central axis of the cable-type wire as the rotation axis is formed between the cable-type wire and the substrate; the rotating arc and the annular light spot form a coupled heat source, so that the cable-type wire is melted and deposited in the area to be added on the substrate to form an additive weld.

[0016] In step S1, the pretreatment process includes pickling and degreasing the substrate, then using a hard grinding head to remove the surface oxide layer of the substrate in the area to be added until a bright metallic color appears, and finally wiping with acetone.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method described in the present invention have the following advantages:

[0018] The cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method described in the present invention do not require any independent electrodes (such as tungsten electrodes). Instead, the cable-type wire with a twisted wire structure is used to simultaneously initiate the rotating arc and melt the wire. This not only helps reduce the structural complexity of the device, but also eliminates the need for electrode motion (such as movement or rotation), thereby simplifying the motion of related components and the corresponding motion control.

[0019] On this basis, the present invention arranges the cable wire and the hollow ring laser beam coaxially and perpendicular to the substrate. Compared with the prior art, the present invention only needs to control the synchronous movement of the cable wire and the hollow ring laser beam to ensure that the melting end of the cable wire is always located directly above the molten pool. Regardless of the melting speed of the cable wire, there will be no misalignment, and the molten droplets can accurately drop into the molten pool. In this process, the present invention not only does not need to consider the setting of the electrode and the related movement conditions, but also does not need to consider the influence of the melting speed of the cable wire on the dropping position of the molten droplet, so that there is no directional difference between the coupled heat source formed by the hollow ring laser beam and the rotating arc and the cable wire and its wire feeding direction, the operational flexibility and convenience of the additive manufacturing are greatly increased, which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of controlling the coordinated movement between related components.

[0020] At the same time, the present invention can effectively improve the heating uniformity of the wire and enhance the cladding efficiency through the rotation characteristics of the rotating arc and the coupled heat source formed by the hollow ring laser beam and the rotating arc; at the same time, through the "induced pinning" effect of the hollow ring laser beam on the rotating arc, it can not only effectively avoid the arc divergence caused by the rotating centrifugal force of the rotation, but also achieve precise control of the additive process, improve the cladding efficiency, improve the weld bead forming, and achieve stable and efficient additive manufacturing of titanium alloys, but also avoid the problems of droplet dispersion and poor forming of cable-type wires caused by excessively fast wire feeding speed, and can effectively improve the droplet transition mode, making the additive process more stable.

[0021] At the same time, the present invention couples a hollow ring laser beam with a rotating arc to form a high-energy-density rotating arc and a high-quality laser-arc composite heat source, which can effectively achieve precise control of the energy gradient, enhance the high-speed melting and precise forming of titanium alloy wire, and realize efficient and high-quality manufacturing of titanium alloy parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are provided to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are provided to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the additive manufacturing state in which a hollow ring-shaped laser beam and a rotating arc act together on a substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the spatial state of each branch wire and the change of the rotation trajectory of the anode spot of each branch wire (taking the anode spot of branch wire No. ① as the observation point) within one rotation cycle of the rotating arc according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Description of reference numerals:

[0027] 1. GMAW power supply; 2. GMAW welding torch; 3. Wire feeder; 4. Cable wire; 5. Laser; 6. Laser lens assembly; 7. Hollow ring laser beam; 8. Rotating arc; 9. Molten pool; 10. Ring-shaped light spot; 11. Substrate; 12. Additive area; 13. Area to be added; 14. Keyhole; 15. Controller; 16. No. ① wire-dividing anode spot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The inventive concepts of the present disclosure will be described below using terms commonly used by those skilled in the art to convey the essence of their work to other persons skilled in the art. However, these inventive concepts can be embodied in many different forms and should not be considered limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0031] In order to solve the problem of low cladding efficiency in laser coaxial wire feeding additive manufacturing in the prior art, this embodiment proposes a cable wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device, as shown in the attached Figure 1-3 As shown, the device includes:

[0032] substrate 11;

[0033] A ring laser system includes a laser 5 and a laser lens assembly 6. The laser 5 can emit a laser beam and transmit it to the laser lens assembly 6 via an optical fiber. The laser beam forms a hollow ring laser beam 7 under the action of the laser lens assembly 6.

[0034] The GMAW welding system includes a GMAW power supply 1, a GMAW welding torch 2, a wire feeder 3, and a cable wire 4. The cable wire 4 is connected to the wire feeder 3 and fed into the GMAW welding torch 2 through the wire feeder 3. The cable wire 4 is coaxial with a hollow ring laser beam 7, and at least the melting end of the cable wire 4 is arranged inside the hollow ring laser beam 7. The negative electrode of the GMAW power supply 1 is connected to the substrate 11, and the positive electrode is connected to the cable wire 4 through the GMAW welding torch 2. The cable wire 4 is a stranded wire structure formed by twisting at least three branch wires. Under the action of the GMAW power supply 1, as the melting end of the cable wire 4 melts, a rotating arc 8 with the central axis of the cable wire 4 as the rotation axis is formed between the cable wire 4 and the substrate 11. The hollow ring laser beam 7 and the rotating arc 8 form a coupled heat source and act on the substrate 11 to form a molten pool 9. Molten droplets formed corresponding to each branch wire of the cable wire 4 can drip into the molten pool 9.

[0035] It should be noted that the stranded wire structure is achieved by twisting single wires (i.e., the individual strands in this application) at a constant angular velocity around a strand axis (corresponding to the central axis of the cable-type wire material 4) and then moving the strands forward at a constant speed. This structural form is relatively common in the field of wires and cables and will not be described in detail. Regarding the laser lens assembly 6, which forms a hollow annular laser beam 7 through refraction and reflection between multiple lens groups, this is omitted as it can be directly referenced in the prior art.

[0036] For the rotation principle of the rotating arc 8, refer to the attached Figure 3 , take the cable-type wire 4 with three branch wires as an example for introduction, and record them as branch wire No. ①, branch wire No. ②, and branch wire No. ③ respectively. Since the three branch wires are twisted to form a stranded wire structure, as the wire feeder 3 feeds the cable-type wire 4 in a straight line, in the process of continuous melting of the cable-type wire 4, the relative spatial positions of each branch wire on the melting end surface of the cable-type wire 4 will change. Specifically, in the vertical projection, after experiencing the cycle time from t1 to t4, the center of each branch wire will return to the same position as t1 at t4. Take branch wire No. ① as an example for observation. The anode spot 16 of the No. 1 branch wire will move (or rotate) along a circular trajectory in its vertical projection, thereby driving the arc triggered by the No. 1 branch wire to move (or rotate) accordingly. Correspondingly, this phenomenon also occurs in each branch wire, allowing the arc formed between the entire cable wire 4 and the substrate 11 to rotate about the central axis of the cable wire 4 and, under the action of the plasma flow force, the Lorentz force, etc., to form a contracted rotating arc 8, which is used for the deposition and molding of the cable wire 4 on the substrate 11. In other words, the cable wire 4 of the present application does not need to rotate at all; under the action of the GMAW power source 1, the rotating arc 8 can be formed simply as the cable wire 4 continues to melt.

[0037] Therefore, the present application uses a GMAW welding system without the need for any independent electrodes (such as tungsten electrodes). The twisted cable wire 4 simultaneously initiates the rotating arc 8 and melts the wire, which not only helps reduce the structural complexity of the device, but also does not require the movement of the electrode (such as movement or rotation), which helps simplify the movement of related components and the corresponding motion control. At the same time, the present application can improve the uniformity of wire heating through the rotating arc 8, solving the problem of uneven heating of the wire during the additive process in the prior art. On this basis, the present application couples the hollow ring laser beam 7 with the rotating arc 8 to generate a coaxial laser arc composite heat source. Due to the laser-induced excitation of the arc, the energy density of the rotating arc 8 is increased. At the same time, the high-energy-density rotating arc 8 can provide a preheating effect on the area 13 to be added on the substrate 11, which not only makes the wire melting and deposition more stable, but also widens the process window of the additive process, helps improve the cladding efficiency of additive manufacturing, and can also effectively improve the wire melting and deposition efficiency.

[0038] At the same time, as the feeding speed of the cable wire 4 increases, the rotation speed of the rotating arc 8 will also increase, the centrifugal force of the molten droplets formed by each branch wire becomes larger, and the rotating arc 8 will tend to diverge more due to the rotational centrifugal force. However, in this application, by coupling the hollow ring laser beam 7 with the rotating arc 8, the hollow ring laser beam 7 can provide a spatial restriction effect of "induced pinning" on the rotating arc 8, thereby avoiding the arc divergence caused by the rotational centrifugal force of the rotating arc 8. This not only helps to increase the feeding speed of the cable wire 4 to improve the additive efficiency per unit time, but also can avoid the problems of molten droplet dispersion and poor forming caused by the excessive feeding speed of the cable wire 4, and can effectively improve the molten droplet transition mode, enhance the stability of the molten droplet transition in the additive process, and make the additive process more stable.

[0039] In addition, the cable-type wire 4 is twisted from at least three separate wires. Compared with the single-wire welding material in the prior art, the cross-sectional area of the cable-type wire 4 is larger, which can improve the deposition efficiency of additive manufacturing to a certain extent.

[0040] The hollow annular laser beam 7 is projected onto the substrate 11 to form an annular light spot 10; the end of the rotating arc 8 close to the substrate 11 is entirely located within the outer circle of the annular light spot 10. Therefore, on the substrate 11, the annular light spot 10 can also provide a spatially confined "induced pinning" effect on the rotating arc 8, preventing the rotating arc 8 from diverging on the substrate 11 due to the centrifugal force of rotation. This not only helps to increase the wire feeding speed of the cable wire 4 to improve the additive efficiency per unit time, but also avoids the problems of droplet dispersion and poor forming caused by excessive wire feeding speed of the cable wire 4. It can effectively improve the droplet transfer mode and enhance the stability of the droplet transfer in the additive process, making the additive process more stable.

[0041] The annular light spot 10 and the rotating arc 8 work together to form a molten pool 9 on the substrate 11, and the molten droplets formed by each branch of the cable wire 4 can drip into the molten pool 9; at the same time, the coupled heat source formed by the hollow annular laser beam 7 and the rotating arc 8 can establish a larger and more stable keyhole 14 in the molten pool 9, which can effectively improve the additive efficiency and ensure the final forming effect.

[0042] The central axis of the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the cable wire 4 are both perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 11. Correspondingly, the central axis of the rotating arc 8 triggered by the cable wire 4 is also perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 11. This ensures that there is no directional difference between the coupled heat source formed by the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the rotating arc 8 and the cable wire 4 and its feeding direction, thereby greatly increasing the operational flexibility of additive manufacturing. Specifically, the present application arranges the cable wire 4 and the hollow ring laser beam 7 coaxially and perpendicular to the substrate 11. Compared with the prior art, the present invention only needs to control the synchronous movement of the cable wire 4 and the hollow ring laser beam 7 to ensure that the melting end of the cable wire 4 is always located directly above the molten pool 9. Regardless of the melting speed of the cable wire 4, there will be no misalignment, and the molten droplets can accurately drip into the molten pool. In this process, the present application does not need to consider the setting of the electrode and the related movement conditions, nor does it need to consider the interference of the melting speed of the cable wire 4 on the dripping position of the molten droplet. As a result, the coupled heat source formed by the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the rotating arc 8 has no directional difference with the cable wire 4 and its wire feeding direction, which greatly increases the operational flexibility and convenience of the additive manufacturing process, and helps to reduce the difficulty of controlling the coordinated movement between related components. Accordingly, the wire feeding direction of the wire feeder 3 is also perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 11.

[0043] The device includes a controller 15, a first displacement mechanism (not shown), and a second displacement mechanism (not shown). The controller 15 is connected to the wire feeder 3 and is at least used to adjust the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder 3, thereby controlling the rotation speed (or rotation frequency) of the rotating arc 8; the controller 15 is connected to the laser 5 and is at least used to adjust the laser power, laser frequency, duty cycle, and defocus amount of the hollow ring laser beam 7 output by the laser 5, thereby at least controlling the size of the annular spot 10. At the same time, the controller 15 is connected to the GMAW power supply 1 and is at least used to adjust the arc current provided by the GMAW power supply 1, thereby controlling the time energy gradient of the coupled heat source formed by the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the rotating arc 8 in coordination with the operation of the laser 5; the first displacement mechanism is connected to the substrate 11, and the controller 15 is connected to the first displacement mechanism. The second displacement mechanism is connected to the ring laser system and the GMAW welding system, driving the ring laser system and the GMAW welding system to move synchronously (at the same speed and direction), enabling the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the cable wire 4 to move horizontally and synchronously relative to the substrate 11. If the vertical feeding motion of the cable wire 4 is not considered, the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the cable wire 4 can be considered to be in a relatively static state. The controller 15 is connected to the second displacement mechanism and is used to control at least the synchronous movement of the ring laser system and the GMAW welding system. Specifically, the second displacement mechanism can drive the synchronous movement of components such as the laser 5, the laser lens assembly 6, the GMAW welding torch 2, the wire feeder 3, and the cable wire 4. The first and second displacement mechanisms can be conventional motion mechanisms such as robots and positioners. Furthermore, the first and second displacement mechanisms are independent motion mechanisms and can operate simultaneously or selectively. Therefore, the present application drives the substrate 11 to move by the first displacement mechanism, and drives the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the cable-type wire 4 to move synchronously by the second displacement mechanism, thereby improving the freedom of the relevant components in space. On the one hand, it makes the regulation of the coupled heat source in time and space more flexible. On the other hand, it can be applied to situations where the shapes of the area to be added 13 are different, and additive manufacturing can be performed on various forms of substrates 11 and areas to be added 13, thereby improving the universality of the device.

[0044] Of course, the movement direction of the substrate 11 is parallel to (or coplanar with) the plane of the area 13 of the substrate 11 to be materialized, and the synchronous movement direction of the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the cable-type wire 4 is parallel to the plane of the area 13 of the substrate 11 to be materialized. As the substrate 11 and the hollow ring laser beam 7 or the cable-type wire 4 move relative to each other, the area where materialization has been completed is referred to in this application as the materialization area 12, and the area awaiting or currently undergoing materialization is referred to as the area to be materialized 13.

[0045] Specifically, the deposition speed, laser power, duty cycle, and laser frequency of the laser 5, the defocus of the hollow ring laser beam 7, the arc current provided by the GMAW power supply 1, and the wire feed speed of the wire feeder 3 are set based on the single-pass deposition width (i.e., the additive width) of the substrate 11's area to be added. The specific setting parameters are shown in Table 1. The deposition speed is the relative horizontal movement speed between the substrate 11 and the hollow ring laser beam 7 or cable wire 4. By adjusting these parameters, effective control and regulation of the additive process is achieved.

[0046] Table 1

[0047]

[0048] In addition, based on the cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device, the present invention further proposes a cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1, pre-treating the substrate 11;

[0050] Specifically, in step S1, the substrate 11 is pickled and degreased, and then a hard grinding head is used to remove the surface oxide layer of the area to be added 13 of the substrate 11 until a bright metallic color appears, and finally acetone is used to wipe the area to be added 13 and the surrounding area.

[0051] S2. Start the annular laser system. The laser 5 emits a laser beam and transmits it to the laser lens assembly 6 through an optical fiber. The laser beam forms a hollow annular laser beam 7 under the action of the laser lens assembly 6. The hollow annular laser beam 7 is projected onto the substrate 11 to form an annular light spot 10.

[0052] The adjustment of the laser 5 can be referred to Table 1 and will not be described in detail.

[0053] S3. Start the GMAW welding system, and the wire feeder 3 feeds the cable wire 4. At the same time, the negative electrode of the GMAW power supply 1 is connected to the substrate 11, and the positive electrode is connected to the cable wire 4 through the GMAW welding torch 2. As the melting end of the cable wire 4 melts, a rotating arc 8 with the central axis of the cable wire 4 as the rotation axis is formed between the cable wire 4 and the substrate 11. The rotating arc 8 and the annular light spot 10 form a coupled heat source, so that the cable wire 4 is melted and deposited in the area to be added 13 to form an additive weld.

[0054] The adjustment of the GMAW power supply 1 and the wire feeder 3 can refer to Table 1 and will not be described in detail.

[0055] Therefore, the present invention can effectively improve the heating uniformity of the wire and enhance the cladding efficiency through the rotation characteristics of the rotating arc 8 and the coupled heat source formed by the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the rotating arc 8; at the same time, through the "induced pinning" effect of the hollow ring laser beam 7 on the rotating arc 8, it can not only effectively avoid the arc divergence caused by the rotating centrifugal force of the rotating arc 8, but also achieve precise control of the additive process, improve the cladding efficiency, improve the weld bead forming, and achieve stable and efficient additive manufacturing of titanium alloys, but also avoid the problems of droplet dispersion and poor forming caused by the cable-type wire 4 due to the excessively fast wire feeding speed, and can effectively improve the droplet transition mode, making the additive process more stable.

[0056] At the same time, the present invention couples the hollow ring laser beam 7 with the rotating arc 8 to form a high-energy-density rotating arc 8 and a high-quality laser arc composite heat source, which can effectively achieve precise control of the energy gradient, improve the high-speed melting and precise forming of the titanium alloy wire, and realize efficient and high-quality manufacturing of titanium alloy parts.

[0057] In addition, the coupled heat source formed by the hollow ring laser beam 7 and the rotating arc 8 proposed in the present invention can be used not only for additive manufacturing, but also for surfacing, surface treatment, modification and repair of important components of titanium alloy materials.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device, characterized in that: The device comprises: substrate(11); A ring laser system comprises a laser (5) and a laser mirror assembly (6), wherein the laser (5) is capable of emitting a laser beam and transmitting the laser beam to the laser mirror assembly (6) via an optical fiber, and the laser beam forms a hollow ring laser beam (7) under the action of the laser mirror assembly (6); A GMAW welding system comprises a GMAW power source (1), a GMAW welding torch (2), a wire feeder (3), and a cable wire (4). The cable wire (4) is connected to the wire feeder (3) and fed into the GMAW welding torch (2) through the wire feeder (3). The wire feeding direction of the wire feeder (3) is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate (11) is located. The cable wire (4) is coaxial with a hollow annular laser beam (7), and at least the melting end of the cable wire (4) is arranged inside the hollow annular laser beam (7). The negative electrode of the GMAW power source (1) is connected to the substrate (11), and the positive electrode is connected to the cable wire ( 4) connection; the cable-type wire (4) is a stranded wire structure formed by twisting at least three branch wires; under the action of the GMAW power supply (1), as the melting end of the cable-type wire (4) melts, the relative spatial positions of the branch wires on the melting end surface of the cable-type wire (4) will change; a rotating arc (8) with the central axis of the cable-type wire (4) as the rotation axis is formed between the cable-type wire (4) and the substrate (11); the hollow annular laser beam (7) and the rotating arc (8) form a coupled heat source; the central axis of the hollow annular laser beam (7), the central axis of the rotating arc (8), and the cable-type wire (4) are all perpendicular to the plane where the substrate (11) is located.

2. The cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow annular laser beam (7) is projected onto a substrate (11) to form an annular light spot (10); and one end of the rotating arc (8) close to the substrate (11) is entirely located within the outer circle of the annular light spot (10).

3. The cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The annular light spot (10) and the rotating arc (8) work together to form a molten pool (9) on the substrate (11), and molten droplets corresponding to the individual filaments of the cable-type wire material (4) can drip into the molten pool (9).

4. The cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device comprises a controller (15) and a first displacement mechanism, wherein the first displacement mechanism is connected to the substrate (11), and the controller (15) is connected to the first displacement mechanism and is used to control the movement of the substrate (11).

5. The cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device comprises a controller (15) and a second displacement mechanism, wherein the second displacement mechanism is connected to the ring laser system and the GMAW welding system, and drives the ring laser system and the GMAW welding system to move synchronously, so that the hollow ring laser beam (7) and the cable-type wire (4) can move relative to the base plate (11) in the form of synchronous movement along the horizontal direction, and the controller (15) is connected to the second displacement mechanism and is used to control the synchronous movement of the ring laser system and the GMAW welding system.

6. The cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the single-pass deposition width of the area (13) to be added to the substrate (11), the deposition speed, the laser power, duty cycle, and laser frequency output by the laser (5), the defocusing amount of the hollow ring laser beam (7), the arc current provided by the GMAW power supply (1), and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder (3) are set. The specific setting parameters are shown in the following table: ， The deposition speed is the relative movement speed between the substrate (11) and the hollow annular laser beam (7) or the cable-type wire (4) in the horizontal direction.

7. A cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: The method is applied to the cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the method comprises: S1, pre-treating the substrate (11); S2, starting the annular laser system, the laser (5) emits a laser beam and transmits it to the laser mirror group (6) through an optical fiber, the laser beam forms a hollow annular laser beam (7) under the action of the laser mirror group (6), and the hollow annular laser beam (7) is projected onto the substrate (11) to form an annular light spot (10); S3. Start the GMAW welding system, and the wire feeder (3) feeds the cable wire (4). At the same time, the negative electrode of the GMAW power supply (1) is connected to the substrate (11), and the positive electrode is connected to the cable wire (4) through the GMAW welding torch (2). As the melting end of the cable wire (4) melts, a rotating arc (8) with the central axis of the cable wire (4) as the rotation axis is formed between the cable wire (4) and the substrate (11). The rotating arc (8) and the annular light spot (10) form a coupled heat source, so that the cable wire (4) is melted and deposited in the area to be added (13) of the substrate (11) to form an additive weld.

8. The cable-type wire laser arc coaxial composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, the pretreatment process includes pickling and degreasing the substrate (11), then using a hard grinding head to remove the surface oxide layer of the area (13) to be added to the substrate (11) until a bright metallic color appears, and finally wiping with acetone.

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