Sampling device for collecting microplastics in water body

Abstract

The invention provides a sampling device for collecting micro-plastics in a water body, and relates to the technical field of micro-plastic collection, the sampling device comprises a detection case, an inner case body is arranged in the detection case, a space is reserved between the inner wall of the detection case and the outer wall of the inner case body, and an internal pressure balance mechanism is arranged. And the pressure intensities inside and outside the detection case body are close. According to the sampling device for collecting the micro-plastics in the water body, equipment can sample a large number of samples in water at a time and sample in different depths and different environments, meanwhile, a filter box, a blade and the like can be automatically cleaned in the sampling completion process, the sampling quality is accurate, the sampling efficiency is improved, and the input of manpower and material resources is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microplastic filtration, and specifically to a sampling device for collecting microplastics in water bodies. Background Art

[0002] Microplastics refer to plastic particles with a diameter less than 5 millimeters and are a major carrier of pollution. When judging the water quality conditions of a water area, the content index of microplastics is one of them. When developing the water source for domestic or industrial water, it is necessary to first extract a part of the water quality for sampling.

[0003] After retrieval, for example, the application number is CN202310041619.6, which discloses a water body microplastic grading sampling device belonging to the technical field of water body monitoring. The present invention includes a cylinder body, an electric water pump, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a cleaning structure, a fixed block, and a limiting mechanism. The interior of the cylinder body is sequentially divided into a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity, and a fourth cavity by three filter mesh plates. The electric water pump is arranged in the fourth cavity. One end of the water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the left end of the cylinder body, and a first solenoid valve and a flow meter are arranged on the water inlet pipe. One end of the water outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the right end of the cylinder body, and a second solenoid valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe. The cleaning structure can remove impurities on the first filter screen. The fixed block is fixedly arranged on the cylinder body, and a fixed eye plate and a sliding eye plate are arranged on the fixed block. The limiting mechanism can limit the sliding range of the sliding eye plate. The present invention can perform quantitative grading sampling of microplastics at a specified water depth, and at the same time can avoid clogging of the filter screen, improving the integrity and accuracy of sampling.

[0004] The above device can only perform single sampling, lacking the technical means for multi-depth sampling in a single dive. At the same time, cleaning the filter screen requires disassembly and cleaning, and the preparation work is cumbersome during later use, unable to meet the sampling work with multiple requirements in water. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and propose a sampling device for collecting microplastics in water bodies, solving the problems of the lack of technical means for multi-depth sampling in a single dive in the prior art, the need for disassembly and cleaning of the filter screen, the cumbersome preparation work during later use, and the inability to meet the sampling work with multiple requirements in water.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water bodies, including a detection chassis. There is an inner box inside the detection chassis. There is a space between the inner wall of the detection chassis and the outer wall of the inner box, and an internal pressure balance mechanism is provided. When diving, high-pressure air is injected into the detection chassis according to the water pressure depth, so that the pressure inside and outside the detection chassis is close. A filtering mechanism, a sample storage mechanism, a flushing mechanism, and a guiding mechanism are arranged inside the inner box. The filtering mechanism samples the water outside the detection chassis and filters internal impurities. The guiding mechanism stores the impurities filtered by the filtering mechanism into the sample storage mechanism, and then the flushing mechanism flushes the filtering mechanism and the sample storage mechanism to remove impurities.

[0007] Preferably, the upper parts of the detection chassis and the inner box are sealed by a first cover plate. The inner box is connected to a sampling box. The sampling box passes through the side wall of the detection chassis. One end of its box body is provided with a second cover plate, and the connection between the second cover plate and the sampling box is sealed; A first leakage hole is opened on the inner bottom wall of the inner box. A discharge cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner box, and the position of the discharge cylinder corresponds to the first leakage hole. The discharge cylinder is fixedly arranged through the bottom of the detection chassis, and a one-way valve is installed in the discharge cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, the internal pressure balance mechanism includes a high-pressure air storage tank and a water pump. Both the high-pressure air storage tank and the water pump are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection chassis. The upper end of the high-pressure air storage tank is connected to a first pipeline, and the first pipeline is fixedly arranged through the first cover plate. A water pressure detector is installed at one end of the first pipeline outside the detection chassis. The bottom of the high-pressure air storage tank has an output port, and a balance valve is installed on the output port; The output port of the water pump is fixedly arranged through the side wall of the detection chassis and extends to the outside.

[0009] Preferably, the filtering mechanism includes a flow pipeline. The flow pipeline is fixedly arranged through the side walls of the detection chassis and the inner box. One end of the flow pipeline is arranged outside the detection chassis, and a water inlet hopper is installed at its end. The other end extends into the inner box and its end is arranged directly above the first leakage hole. A filter screen is arranged at the end of the water inlet hopper. A suction pump is installed on the flow pipeline.

[0010] Preferably, an inclined downward filtering pipeline is integrally arranged in the middle part of the flow pipeline, and a filter box is slidably arranged inside the filtering pipeline. The filter holes provided on the filter box itself are all located inside the flow pipeline during sampling. A guide plate is fixedly connected inside the flow pipeline, so that the sampled water is filtered by the filter box inside the flow pipeline and then discharged outside the detection chassis. A support is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the flow pipeline at the position where the filter box is installed, and the support is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner box; Inside the filter box, a blade is slidably connected. A blade body is provided on the outer periphery of the blade in a circular shape. When the filter box moves, the blade body contacts the inner wall of the filter box and shovels off the filter substances adhered to the inner wall of the filter box for collection and storage.

[0011] Preferably, the sample storage mechanism includes a machine shell. A bottom protection shell is fixedly connected to the bottom of the machine shell. The machine shell is located below the filter box. An inlet hopper is provided at the upper end of the machine shell. The bottom of the inlet hopper has an outlet. An outlet valve is provided on the outlet. Lower support rods are provided on the inner wall of the inner box body. The bottom of the bottom protection shell is fixedly connected to upper support rods. The lower support rods and the upper support rods are butted and fixed by bolts.

[0012] Preferably, the sample storage mechanism further includes a central support bracket and a motor. The central support bracket is formed by the ends of several long rod-shaped members converging to a point and being symmetrically distributed in a ring shape centered on the convergence point. A sample test tube can be detachably connected to the outer end of each long rod-shaped member of the central support bracket. The central support bracket is rotatably connected to the bottom of the machine shell. A second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the central support bracket. The second bevel gear is arranged inside the bottom protection shell, and the rod end of the second bevel gear rotates through the machine shell and the bottom protection shell. A first bevel gear is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the motor. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are meshed with each other. A second leakage hole is provided in the bottom of the machine shell.

[0013] Preferably, the flushing mechanism includes a water storage tank. The water storage tank is fixedly installed in the inner box body. The water storage tank is connected to a second pipe and a third pipe. A nozzle is installed at the end of the second pipe. The end of the third pipe extends outside the detection machine box. The third pipe is slidably connected to the first cover plate. An installation bracket is fixed on the flow pipe. The installation bracket is used to fix the nozzle.

[0014] Preferably, the guiding mechanism includes a mounting plate and a curved electric slide rail. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the inner box body. A curved electric slide rail is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate. The curved electric slide rail is composed of a straight part and a curved part. The inner track of the curved electric slide rail has an electrically driven guiding block. The guiding block is fixedly connected to a slider. The curved electric slide rail drives the slider to move on the straight part and the curved part. The slider is fixedly connected to a connecting rod. The connecting rod is fixedly connected to a cylindrical rod. The cylindrical rod fixedly penetrates through the center of the bottom of the filter box. The material of the cylindrical rod is a magnet, and the material of the blade is ferritic stainless steel. The blade and the cylindrical rod are magnetically attracted. The blade and the cylindrical rod are both provided with first card slots and second card slots with the same shape and size. An electromagnet is also fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate. The electromagnet has an iron core to electrically control its magnetic force. The iron core is in the shape of a long rod, and its cross-section is the same as that of the first card slot and the second card slot.

[0015] Preferably, an upper enclosing plate is fixedly connected to the first cover plate through a connecting rod. A protective net is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper enclosing plate to wrap the detection chassis inside. A lower enclosing plate is arranged below the upper enclosing plate, and the lower enclosing plate is detachably connected to the protective net.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the sampling device for collecting microplastics in water has the following beneficial effects: First, as the descending depth increases, the water pressure increases accordingly. The water pressure detector extracts the water pressure value outside the detection chassis and, in cooperation with the balance valve, discharges high-pressure air into the chamber. The water pump discharges the excess water in the chamber to the outside of the detection chassis. The balance valve has the functions of integrated static regulation and dynamic voltage stabilization, and also has the functions of flow distribution and pressure protection. High-pressure air is injected according to the water pressure depth to make the internal and external pressures of the detection chassis close and keep stable. The detection chassis is a sealed rigid box, and the high-pressure gas can maintain the internal pressure balance of the detection chassis without changing the buoyancy.

[0017] Second, the electromagnet makes the iron core have a magnetic force greater than that of the cylindrical rod. With the reverse thrust given by the curved-diameter electric slide rail to the blade, the blade is detached from the cylindrical rod and fixed at the end of the iron core. The filter box continues to translate until the blade is detached from the filter box. After that, the shoveled granular impurities fall into the feed hopper under the action of gravity. For better sampling, a superhydrophobic coating can also be applied to the blade to reduce the friction between the microplastics and the object surface, reduce adhesion, wear or electrostatic adsorption, increase the collection efficiency of microplastics, and improve the accuracy of sampling.

[0018] Third, the impurity particles staying on the inner wall of the filter box fall into the discharge port, the second leak hole, and the first leak hole and flow into the discharge cylinder along with the water flow. The splashed water from the high-pressure water flow also hits everywhere to clean the inner box. Then it flows into the inside of the discharge cylinder through the first leak hole. At the same time, the inner box, the blade, the filter box, and the feed hopper are cleaned to remove the impurity particles remaining on them, reduce the error of the sampling quantity, and improve the accuracy of the detection efficiency.

[0019] Fourth, after the cleaning is completed, rotate the central support bracket to align the sample test tube that has not stored samples with the discharge port for subsequent sampling at other water levels, which solves the problems mentioned in the background technology, enables the device to take multiple samples in a single dive, sample different depths and different environments, and can automatically clean the filter box, blade, etc. during the sampling process, improving the sampling quality, increasing the sampling efficiency, and saving the investment of manpower and material resources.

[0020] V. The upper enclosing plate and the lower enclosing plate are fixedly connected by bolts and can be detached. The first cover plate is detachably connected to the detection chassis and the inner box body, fixed by means of fixing pins, and the connection part is sealed. It cooperates with the internal pressure balance mechanism to achieve the balance of the pressure inside and outside the box body. In the later stage, the first cover plate can be opened to repair the equipment and replace components. The sampling box and the second cover plate are detachably connected and fixed by means of fixing pins. When the equipment discharges water, the casing can be directly taken out through the sampling box. The equipment is ingeniously designed, convenient for subsequent use and maintenance, and has high stability.

[0021] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the study of the following text, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower enclosing plate and the output port of the one-way valve of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sampling box and the second cover plate of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the internal pressure balance mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample storage mechanism in the inner box body of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flushing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow pipeline and the water inlet hopper of the present invention; Figure 8 is of the present invention Figure 6 magnified view of the structure at A; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter pipeline of the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter box, connecting rod and slider of the present invention; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blade, the first card slot and the second card slot of the present invention; Figure 12 is of the present invention Figure 9 magnified view of the structure at B; Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the state of the filter box during the cleaning process of the present invention; Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample storage mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. Upper enclosing plate; 2. Lower enclosing plate; 3. Protection net; 4. Detection chassis; 401. First cover plate; 402. Sampling box; 403. Second cover plate; 5. Inner pressure balance mechanism; 501. High-pressure air storage tank; 502. Balance valve; 503. First pipeline; 504. Water pressure detector; 505. Water pump; 6. Filter mechanism; 601. Water inlet hopper; 602. Flow direction pipeline; 603. Bracket; 604. Suction pump; 605. Filter pipeline; 606. Deflector; 607. Filter box; 608. Blade; 609. First card slot; 7. Sample storage mechanism; 701. Housing; 702. Bottom protection shell; 703. Upper support rod; 704. Lower support rod; 705. Second leakage hole; 706. Feed hopper; 707. Discharge port; 708. Discharge valve; 709. Central support bracket; 710. Sample test tube; 711. Motor; 712. First bevel gear; 713. Second bevel gear; 8. Flushing mechanism; 801. Water storage tank; 802. Second pipeline; 803. Third pipeline; 804. Mounting bracket; 805. Sprayer; 9. Guide mechanism; 901. Mounting plate; 902. Curved diameter electric slide rail; 903. Electromagnet; 904. Iron core; 905. Connecting rod; 906. Cylindrical rod; 907. Second card slot; 908. Slide block; 10. Check valve; 11. Discharge cylinder; 12. First leakage hole; 13. Inner box body. Detailed implementation manner

[0024] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Please refer to Figures 1 to 14 , the present invention provides the following implementation scheme: A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water bodies includes a detection chassis 4. There is an inner box body 13 inside the detection chassis 4. There is a space between the inner wall of the detection chassis 4 and the outer wall of the inner box body 13 and an inner pressure balance mechanism 5 is provided. When diving, high-pressure air is injected into the detection chassis 4 according to the water pressure depth, so that the internal and external pressures of the detection chassis 4 are close. A filter mechanism 6, a sample storage mechanism 7, a flushing mechanism 8 and a guide mechanism 9 are arranged inside the inner box body 13. The filter mechanism 6 samples the water outside the detection chassis 4 and filters the internal impurities. The guide mechanism 9 stores the impurities filtered by the filter mechanism 6 into the sample storage mechanism 7, and then the flushing mechanism 8 flushes the filter mechanism 6 and the sample storage mechanism 7 to remove impurities. The device is ingeniously designed, convenient for subsequent use and maintenance, and has high stability.

[0026] In this embodiment, the upper parts of the detection chassis 4 and the inner box body 13 are sealed by the first cover plate 401. The inner box body 13 is connected to a sampling box 402 in a communicating manner. The sampling box 402 passes through the side wall of the detection chassis 4. One end of its box body is provided with a second cover plate 403, and the connection between the second cover plate 403 and the sampling box 402 is sealed; a first leakage hole 12 is opened on the inner bottom wall of the inner box body 13. A discharge cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner box body 13, and the position of the discharge cylinder 11 corresponds to that of the first leakage hole 12. The discharge cylinder 11 is fixedly arranged through the bottom of the detection chassis 4. A one-way valve 10 is installed in the discharge cylinder 11. By setting the one-way valve 10, the situation of backflow is avoided when the wastewater inside the discharge cylinder 11 is discharged.

[0027] In this embodiment, the internal pressure balance mechanism 5 includes a high-pressure air storage tank 501 and a water pump 505. Both the high-pressure air storage tank 501 and the water pump 505 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection chassis 4. The upper end of the high-pressure air storage tank 501 is connected to a first pipeline 503 in a communicating manner, and the first pipeline 503 is fixedly arranged through the first cover plate 401. A water pressure detector 504 is installed at one end of the first pipeline 503 located outside the detection chassis 4. The bottom of the high-pressure air storage tank 501 has an output port, and a balance valve 502 is installed on the output port. The model of the balance valve 502 is a combined balance valve, which has flow distribution and pressure protection and is mostly used in hydraulic systems, meeting the application scenario; the output port of the water pump 505 is fixedly arranged through the side wall of the detection chassis 4 and extends to the outside. It is best to select the model of a high-pressure water pump for the water pump 505 to cope with the external environment with high pressure.

[0028] In this embodiment, the filtering mechanism 6 includes a flow direction pipeline 602. The flow direction pipeline 602 is fixedly arranged through the side walls of the detection chassis 4 and the inner box body 13. One end of the flow direction pipeline 602 is arranged outside the detection chassis 4 and a water inlet hopper 601 is installed at its end. The other end extends into the inner box body 13 and its end is arranged directly above the first leakage hole 12. A filter screen is arranged at the end of the water inlet hopper 601. A suction pump 604 is installed on the flow direction pipeline 602 for introducing water flow for sampling.

[0029] In this embodiment, a flow pipe 602 is integrally provided with a filtering pipe 605 inclined downward in the middle part. A filter box 607 is slidably arranged inside the filtering pipe 605. During sampling, the filter holes provided on the filter box 607 itself are all located inside the flow pipe 602. A metal screen is arranged on the inner wall of the filter box 607, and the aperture range is 10 - 20 μm. Most of the microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm. Therefore, the microplastics in the water can be filtered. In special cases, if a fine filtering aperture is required, the filtering material of the filter box 607 can also be selected as a polymer filter membrane, a ceramic filter element, etc., and the minimum filtering aperture range can be improved to 0.1 μm. A guide plate 606 is fixedly connected inside the flow pipe 602, so that the sampled water is filtered through the filter box 607 inside the flow pipe 602 and then discharged outside the detection chassis 4. A support 603 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the pipe wall of the flow pipe 602 at the position where the filter box 607 is installed. The support 603 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner box body 13. Several booster pumps can also be added inside the flow pipe 602 to increase the water pressure and the flow force of the water flow, and the power of the booster pumps can be adjusted according to the different apertures of the filter box 607. A blade 608 is slidably connected inside the filter box 607. Knife bodies are arranged on the outer circumference of the blade 608 in a circle. When the filter box 607 moves, the knife bodies contact the inner wall of the filter box 607 and scrape off the filter substances adhered to the inner wall of the filter box 607 and then collect and store them.

[0030] In this embodiment, the sample storage mechanism 7 includes a housing 701. A bottom protection shell 702 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing 701. The housing 701 is arranged below the filter box 607. A feed hopper 706 is arranged at the upper end of the housing 701. The bottom of the feed hopper 706 has a discharge port 707. A discharge valve 708 is arranged on the discharge port 707. A lower support rod 704 is arranged on the inner wall of the inner box body 13. The bottom of the bottom protection shell 702 is fixedly connected to an upper support rod 703. The lower support rod 704 and the upper support rod 703 are butted and fixed by bolts. The upper support rod 703 and the lower support rod 704 are fixed by bolts. Subsequently, the screws can be loosened to separate the upper support rod 703 and the lower support rod 704 and take out the housing 701.

[0031] In this embodiment, the sample storage mechanism 7 further includes a central support bracket 709 and a motor 711. The central support bracket 709 is formed by the ends of several long rod-shaped members converging to a point and being annularly symmetrically distributed around the convergence point. A sample test tube 710 is detachably connected to the outer end of each long rod-shaped member of the central support bracket 709. The central support bracket 709 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the housing 701. A second bevel gear 713 is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the central support bracket 709. The second bevel gear 713 is disposed within the bottom protective housing 702, and the rod end of the second bevel gear 713 rotatably penetrates through the housing 701 and the bottom protective housing 702. A first bevel gear 712 is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the motor 711. The first bevel gear 712 and the second bevel gear 713 are meshed with each other. A second leakage hole 705 is formed in the bottom of the housing 701. After the cleaning is completed, the central support bracket 709 is rotated so that the sample test tube 710 that has not stored a sample is directly aligned with the discharge port 707 for subsequent sampling of the remaining water levels. This solves the problems mentioned in the background art, enables the device to perform sampling of multiple samples in a single immersion in water, sample different depths and different environments, and automatically clean the filter box 607, the blade 608, etc. during the sampling process, improving the sampling quality, enhancing the sampling efficiency, and saving the input of manpower and material resources.

[0032] In this embodiment, the flushing mechanism 8 includes a water storage tank 801. The water storage tank 801 is fixedly installed in the inner box body 13. The water storage tank 801 is communicated with a second pipeline 802 and a third pipeline 803. A spray head 805 is installed at the end of the second pipeline 802. The end of the third pipeline 803 extends outside the detection machine box 4. The third pipeline 803 is slidably connected to the first cover plate 401. An installation bracket 804 is fixed on the flow pipeline 602. The installation bracket 804 is used to fix the spray head 805. The model of the spray head 805 can adopt the Kärcher series, such as the model Kärcher K5 Premium, etc. The number of electrical installations of the device is reduced by the integrated water pump carried inside.

[0033] In this embodiment, the guide mechanism 9 includes a mounting plate 901 and a curved electric slide rail 902. The mounting plate 901 is fixedly connected to the inner box 13. The side wall of the mounting plate 901 is fixedly connected to the curved electric slide rail 902. The curved electric slide rail 902 is composed of a straight portion and a curved portion. The inner track of the curved electric slide rail 902 has an electrically driven guide block. The guide block is fixedly connected to a slider 908. The curved electric slide rail 902 drives the slider 908 to move between the straight portion and the curved portion. The slider 908 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 905, and the connecting rod 905 is fixedly connected to the cylindrical rod 906. The cylindrical rod 906 is fixedly passed through the center of the bottom of the filter box 607. The cylindrical rod 906 is made of magnets. The blade 608 is made of ferrite stainless steel, which is not easy to rust. The blade 608 is magnetically attracted to the cylindrical rod 906. The blade 608 and the cylindrical rod 906 are both provided with a first slot 609 and a second slot 907 of the same shape and size. The blade 608 is arranged at the bottom of the filter box 607. Figure 13 It can be seen that there is no filter hole at the bottom of the filter box 607 for storing the blade 608. When the blade 608 moves subsequently, all the foreign particles near the filter hole of the filter box 607 can be removed for sampling and storage; the side wall of the mounting plate 901 is also fixedly connected with an electromagnet 903, and the electromagnet 903 has an iron core 904 to electrically control its magnetic force. The iron core 904 is in the shape of a long rod, and the cross-section is the same as the first slot 609 and the second slot 907.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first cover plate 401 is fixedly connected to an upper enclosure plate 1 via a connecting rod, a protective net 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper enclosure plate 1 to wrap the detection chassis 4 inside, and a lower enclosure plate 2 is arranged below the upper enclosure plate 1, and the lower enclosure plate 2 is detachably connected to the protective net 3.

[0035] Working principle: Connect the equipment to the end of the piston rod of a transmission equipment such as a crane or a cylinder, and put it into the water for sampling. The diving depth of the equipment is controlled by the transmission equipment. When the equipment is first put into the water, the chamber between the detection chassis 4 and the inner box 13 is filled with water to facilitate the sinking of the equipment. As the descent depth increases, the water pressure increases accordingly. The water pressure detector 504 extracts the water pressure value outside the detection chassis 4, and cooperates with the balance valve 502 to discharge high-pressure air into the chamber. The water pump 505 discharges excess water in the chamber to the outside of the detection chassis 4. The balance valve 502 has integrated static adjustment and dynamic pressure stabilization functions, and has the functions of flow distribution and pressure protection. High-pressure air is injected according to the water pressure depth to make the internal and external pressures of the detection chassis 4 close and stable. The detection chassis 4 is a sealed rigid box, and the high-pressure gas has the function of maintaining the internal pressure balance of the detection chassis 4 without changing the buoyancy.

[0036] During sampling, the protective net 3 is used to isolate underwater organisms. The best aperture of the filter screen set at the end of the water inlet hopper 601 is set to 5-15 mm to isolate underwater garbage and filter out underwater obstacles, ensuring the purity of the sampled water. Under the action of the suction pump 604, the water flows in the flow direction pipe 602 and, under the action of the guide plate 606, all the water flows out after being filtered by the filter box 607 and is stored in the discharge cylinder 11. Microplastics and other impurity particles after filtration are left in the filter box 607.

[0037] The impurity particles after filtration stay in the filter box 607. The impurity particles need to be taken out and stored in the sample test tube 710. First, start the curved diameter electric slide rail 902. As Figure 8 can be seen from the enlarged view, the curved wire part is composed of a straight path parallel to the axis of the filter pipe 605 and a curved path. First, take out the filter box 607 through the straight path, then change the angle of the filter box 607 through the curved path, and finally move it to the straight part so that the filter box 607 is flush with the iron core 904. The blade 608 inside the filter box 607 also moves along with the filter box 607 under the action of magnetism. At this time, the positions of the components are as Figure 13 shown. Continue to translate the filter box 607 so that the iron core 904 passes through the second card slot 907 and inserts into the first card slot 609. The electromagnet 903 makes the iron core 904 have a magnetic force greater than that of the cylindrical rod 906. Cooperating with the reverse thrust given to the blade 608 by the curved diameter electric slide rail 902, the blade 608 is separated from the cylindrical rod 906 and fixed at the end of the iron core 904. The filter box 607 continues to translate until the blade 608 is separated from the filter box 607. The shoveled granular impurities fall into the feed hopper 706 under the action of gravity. For better sampling, a superhydrophobic coating can also be applied to the blade 608 to reduce the friction between the microplastics and the surface of the object, reduce adhesion, wear or electrostatic adsorption, increase the collection efficiency of the microplastics, and improve the accuracy of sampling.

[0038] Under the action of the discharge valve 708, the particulate impurities fall into the interior of the sample test tube 710 directly below. Similarly, the inner wall of the feed hopper 706 can also be coated with a superhydrophobic coating. After the collection is completed, the motor 711 is started to rotate the central support bracket 709 by a certain angle so that the gap at the junction of the long rod-shaped members is located below the discharge port. The nozzle 805 sprays the purified water stored in the water storage tank 801 (which can also be set as a cleaning liquid, and the material of the cleaning liquid needs to be selected so as not to chemically react with the microplastics). The high-pressure water flow sprayed contacts the blade 608 for cleaning. The blade 608 also has the function of a deflector to block the high-pressure water flow and make it fall into the feed hopper 706, and also cleans the inner wall of the feed hopper 706. Then, the filter box 607 is translated so that the blade 608 moves to the bottom of the filter box 607 (at this time, the electromagnet 903 still needs to maintain the magnetism of the iron core 904). The high-pressure water flow rushes towards the filter box 607 to clean its inner wall. Due to the setting of the filter screen, the impurities washed off at this time still stay on the inner wall of the filter box 607 without the action of the water flow power. Then, the curved diameter electric slide rail 902 is started to separate the blade 608 from the filter box 607 for the second time, and the impurity particles staying on the inner wall of the filter box 607 fall into the discharge port 707, the second leakage hole 705, and the first leakage hole 12 and flow into the discharge cylinder 11 along with the water flow. The water splashes splashed by the high-pressure water flow also hit everywhere to clean the inner box body 13, and then flow into the interior of the discharge cylinder 11 through the first leakage hole 12. At the same time, the inner box body 13, the blade 608, the filter box 607, and the feed hopper 706 are cleaned to remove the impurity particles remaining on them, reduce the error of the sampling quantity, and improve the accuracy of the detection efficiency.

[0039] After the cleaning is completed, the central support bracket 709 is rotated so that the sample test tube 710 that has not stored the sample is directly aligned with the discharge port 707 for subsequent sampling of the remaining water levels, solving the problems mentioned in the background technology, enabling the device to perform sampling of multiple samples in a single water entry, sampling at different depths and different environments, and automatically cleaning the filter box 607, the blade 608, etc. during the sampling process, improving the sampling quality, increasing the sampling efficiency, and saving the investment in manpower and material resources.

[0040] Among them, the upper enclosure 1 and the lower enclosure 2 are fixedly connected and detachable by bolts. The first cover plate 401 is detachably connected to the detection machine case 4 and the inner box body 13, fixed by means of a fixing pin, and the connection part is sealed. It cooperates with the internal pressure balance mechanism 5 to achieve the balance of the pressure inside and outside the box body. In the later stage, the first cover plate 401 can be opened to repair the equipment and replace components. The sampling box 402 and the second cover plate 403 are detachably connected, fixed by means of a fixing pin. When the equipment exits the water, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 can be seen from the positional relationship, the machine shell 701 can be directly taken out through the sampling box 402. The equipment is ingeniously designed, convenient for subsequent use and maintenance, and has high stability.

[0041] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, in all respects, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Accordingly, all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention.

Claims

1. A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water bodies, comprising a detection chassis (4), characterized in that: The interior of the detection chassis (4) has an inner box body (13). A space is left between the inner wall of the detection chassis (4) and the outer wall of the inner box body (13), and an internal pressure balance mechanism (5) is provided. When diving, high-pressure air is injected into the detection chassis (4) according to the water pressure depth, so that the internal and external pressures of the detection chassis (4) are close. A filtering mechanism (6), a sample storage mechanism (7), a flushing mechanism (8) and a guiding mechanism (9) are arranged in the inner box body (13). The filtering mechanism (6) samples the water outside the detection chassis (4) and filters internal impurities. The guiding mechanism (9) stores the impurities filtered by the filtering mechanism (6) into the sample storage mechanism (7), and then the flushing mechanism (8) flushes the filtering mechanism (6) and the sample storage mechanism (7) to remove impurities.

2. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper parts of the detection chassis (4) and the inner box body (13) are sealed by a first cover plate (401). The inner box body (13) is connected to a sampling box (402). The sampling box (402) passes through the side wall of the detection chassis (4), and a second cover plate (403) is arranged at one end of its box body. The connection between the second cover plate (403) and the sampling box (402) is sealed. A first leakage hole (12) is opened on the inner bottom wall of the inner box body (13). A discharge cylinder (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner box body (13), and the position of the discharge cylinder (11) corresponds to that of the first leakage hole (12). The discharge cylinder (11) is fixedly arranged through the bottom of the detection chassis (4), and a one-way valve (10) is installed in the discharge cylinder (11).

3. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 1, wherein: The internal pressure balance mechanism (5) includes a high-pressure air storage tank (501) and a water pump (505). The high-pressure air storage tank (501) and the water pump (505) are both fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection chassis (4). The upper end of the high-pressure air storage tank (501) is connected to a first pipeline (503), and the first pipeline (503) is fixedly arranged through the first cover plate (401). A water pressure detector (504) is installed at one end of the first pipeline (503) outside the detection chassis (4). The bottom of the high-pressure air storage tank (501) has an output port, and a balance valve (502) is installed on the output port. The output port of the water pump (505) is fixedly arranged through the side wall of the detection chassis (4) and extends to the outside.

4. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filtering mechanism (6) includes a flow pipeline (602). The flow pipeline (602) is fixedly arranged through the side walls of the detection chassis (4) and the inner box body (13). One end of the flow pipeline (602) is arranged outside the detection chassis (4) and an inlet hopper (601) is installed at its end. The other end extends into the inner box body (13) and its end is arranged directly above the first leakage hole (12). A filter screen is arranged at the end of the inlet hopper (601), and a suction pump (604) is installed on the flow pipeline (602).

5. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flow pipe (602) is integrally provided with a filter pipe (605) inclined downward at the middle part, and a filter box (607) is slidably arranged inside the filter pipe (605). When sampling, the filter holes provided on the filter box (607) itself are all located inside the flow pipe (602). A guide plate (606) is fixedly connected inside the flow pipe (602), so that the sampled water passes through the filter box (607) for filtration inside the flow pipe (602) and then is discharged outside the detection machine box (4). A bracket (603) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the pipe wall of the flow pipe (602) at the position where the filter box (607) is installed, and the bracket (603) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner box body (13). A blade (608) is slidably connected inside the filter box (607). A blade body is provided on the outer periphery of the blade (608) in a circle. When the filter box (607) moves, the blade body contacts the inner wall of the filter box (607) and shovels and collects the filter substances adhered to the inner wall of the filter box (607).

6. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sample storage mechanism (7) includes a machine shell (701). A bottom protection shell (702) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the machine shell (701). The machine shell (701) is arranged below the filter box (607). A feed hopper (706) is arranged at the upper end of the machine shell (701). The bottom of the feed hopper (706) has a discharge port (707). A discharge valve (708) is arranged on the discharge port (707). A lower support rod (704) is arranged on the inner wall of the inner box body (13). An upper support rod (703) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom protection shell (702). The lower support rod (704) and the upper support rod (703) are butted and fixed by bolts.

7. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sample storage mechanism (7) further includes a central support bracket (709) and a motor (711). The central support bracket (709) is formed by the ends of several long rod-shaped members converging to a point and being symmetrically distributed in a ring with the convergence point as the center. A sample test tube (710) is detachably connected to the outer end of each long rod-shaped member of the central support bracket (709). The central support bracket (709) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the machine shell (701). A second bevel gear (713) is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the central support bracket (709). The second bevel gear (713) is arranged inside the bottom protection shell (702), and the rod end of the second bevel gear (713) rotatably penetrates through the machine shell (701) and the bottom protection shell (702). A first bevel gear (712) is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the motor (711). The first bevel gear (712) and the second bevel gear (713) are meshed with each other. A second leakage hole (705) is opened at the bottom of the machine shell (701).

8. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flushing mechanism (8) includes a water storage tank (801). The water storage tank (801) is fixedly installed in the inner box body (13). The water storage tank (801) is communicated with a second pipeline (802) and a third pipeline (803). A spray head (805) is installed at the end of the second pipeline (802). The end of the third pipeline (803) extends outside the detection machine box (4). The third pipeline (803) is slidably connected to the first cover plate (401). An installation bracket (804) is fixed on the flow pipeline (602). The installation bracket (804) is used to fix the spray head (805).

9. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 5, wherein: The guiding mechanism (9) includes a mounting plate (901) and a bent-diameter electric slide rail (902). The mounting plate (901) is fixedly connected to the inner box body (13). A bent-diameter electric slide rail (902) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate (901). The bent-diameter electric slide rail (902) is composed of a straight part and a bent part. The internal track of the bent-diameter electric slide rail (902) has an electrically driven guiding block. The guiding block is fixedly connected to a slider (908). The bent-diameter electric slide rail (902) drives the slider (908) to move in the straight part and the bent part. The slider (908) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (905). The connecting rod (905) is fixedly connected to a cylindrical rod (906). The cylindrical rod (906) fixedly penetrates through the center of the bottom of the filter box (607). The material of the cylindrical rod (906) is magnet. The material of the blade (608) is ferritic stainless steel. The blade (608) is magnetically attracted to the cylindrical rod (906). The blade (608) and the cylindrical rod (906) are both provided with first clamping grooves (609) and second clamping grooves (907) with the same shape and size; An electromagnet (903) is also fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate (901). The electromagnet (903) has an iron core (904) to electrically control its magnetic force. The iron core (904) is in the shape of a long rod, and its cross-section is the same as that of the first clamping groove (609) and the second clamping groove (907).

10. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: An upper surrounding plate (1) is fixedly connected to the first cover plate (401) through a connecting rod. A protective net (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper surrounding plate (1) to wrap the detection machine box (4) inside. A lower surrounding plate (2) is arranged below the upper surrounding plate (1). The lower surrounding plate (2) is detachably connected to the protective net (3).

Images