Terrain-adaptive complex bridge parametric modeling method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge parametric modeling, in particular to a terrain-adaptive complex bridge parametric modeling method, which comprises the following steps: S1, terrain data acquisition and processing: acquiring high-precision terrain data through a laser radar, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry or a GIS (Geographic Information System), and generating a digital elevation model; s2, bridge parameterization rule definition: inputting bridge main control parameters including a span range, a bridge width, a bridge height, material attributes and a load standard, and constructing an adaptive rule base, S3, parameterization model generation: based on topographic features and the rule base, automatically generating a bridge axis plane line shape and a longitudinal section, and dynamically arranging a bridge pier position, generating a three-dimensional model of the inclined pier column, the pile foundation and the main beam; s4, structural analysis and optimization: exporting the model to finite element analysis software, and verifying stress, displacement and anti-seismic performance; design automation is achieved through the parameterization rule base, the span, the pier column and the main beam are intelligently optimized, and the design efficiency and economical efficiency are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge parametric modeling, and specifically to a parametric modeling method and system for complex bridges adaptable to terrain. Background Technique

[0002] Currently, with the continuous development of the bridge engineering field, bridge forms are becoming increasingly complex, and traditional bridge drawing modes and methods for engineering quantity statistics are no longer sufficient to meet the needs of engineering design and construction.

[0003] Upon inspection of the publication number: CN118296820A, a parametric modeling method for complex bridges adaptable to terrain is disclosed. In this technology, "a parametric modeling method for complex bridges adaptable to terrain is disclosed, and the method includes: decomposing the bridge structure according to the target bridge type to obtain bridge components; performing parametric modeling and model combination based on the bridge components to obtain a bridge BIM model; constructing a terrain information model according to the target terrain; and performing fusion modeling based on the bridge BIM model and the terrain information model to generate a bridge information model" and other technical solutions, with technical effects such as "performing parametric modeling and model combination on the bridge components obtained by decomposing the bridge structure to obtain a bridge BIM model, thereby constructing a bridge information model, solving the technical problem of poor parametric modeling effect of complex bridge structures, and improving the efficiency and effect of parametric modeling of complex bridge structures".

[0004] Existing methods are difficult to accurately match complex and variable terrain features, resulting in insufficient fitting degree between the bridge axis and the terrain, and situations such as foundation suspension or excessive excavation and filling often occur; for example, in mountainous steep slope sections, fixed span design will cause excessive height difference between piers, leading to uneven structural stress. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a parametric modeling method and system for complex bridges adaptable to terrain, which realizes design automation through a parametric rule library, intelligently optimizes the span, pier columns, and main girders, significantly improves the design efficiency and economy, and ensures construction accuracy at the same time.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A parametric modeling method for complex bridges adaptable to terrain, including the following steps:

[0007] S1, Terrain data collection and processing: Obtain high-precision terrain data through lidar, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, or GIS system, and generate a digital elevation model;

[0008] S2, Definition of bridge parametric rules: Input the main control parameters of the bridge, including the span range, bridge width, beam height, material properties, and load standards, and construct an adaptive rule library.

[0009] S3, Parametric model generation: Based on the terrain features and the rule base, automatically generate the horizontal alignment and vertical profile of the bridge axis, dynamically arrange the pier positions, and generate the three-dimensional models of the inclined piers, pile foundations and main girders;

[0010] S4, Structural analysis and optimization: Export the model to the finite element analysis software to check the stress, displacement and seismic performance.

[0011] Preferably, the rule base in S2 includes:

[0012] Span dynamic distribution rule: Automatically adjust the span according to the terrain slope;

[0013] Pier column generation rule: Generate inclined pier columns when the slope > 10%, and dynamically calculate the pile foundation length according to the geological exploration data;

[0014] Main girder adaptability rule: The curved girder is generated by using NURBS surface, and the straight girder is designed with variable cross-sections.

[0015] Preferably, the span dynamic distribution rule includes:

[0016] When the slope < 5%, the default span is 80m;

[0017] When 5% ≤ slope < 15%, the span is shortened to 50m;

[0018] When the slope ≥ 15%, the span is further shortened to 30m.

[0019] Preferably, the pier column generation rule includes:

[0020] Dynamic calculation of pier column inclination angle: Define the terrain slope α as the angle between the bridge axis direction and the horizontal plane. The calculation formula for the pier column inclination angle θ is:

[0021] θ = k·arctan(α) (k = 0.8 - 1.2);

[0022] Where k is the safety factor, which is dynamically adjusted according to the pier column material and seismic grade.

[0023] Preferably, the pier column generation rule further includes:

[0024] Intelligent design of pile foundation: Construct a three-dimensional strata model through geological borehole data, identify the elevation H of the rock top surface rock , and the calculation formula for the pile foundation length L pile is:

[0025] L pile = (H ground - H rock ) + max(5m, 0.2D);

[0026] Where H groundLet \(H\) be the ground elevation and \(D\) be the diameter of the pile foundation. It is default that \(D\geq1.5m\). The rock - socketed depth is taken as the larger value between \(5m\) and \(0.2D\). When encountering soft interlayers, the pile length is automatically increased or the design of under - reamed piles is adopted.

[0027] Preferably, the adaptability rules of the main girder include:

[0028] Geometric control of curved girders: The Clothoid curve is used as the transition section. The relationship between its radius of curvature \(R\) and arc length \(L\) is:

[0029]

[0030] The relationship between the design speed \(V(km / h)\) and the minimum radius \(R\) min satisfies:

[0031]

[0032] where \(e\) is the superelevation rate and is default \(2\%\sin6\%\), \(f\) is the lateral friction coefficient and takes values in the range of \(0.10\sin0.15\).

[0033] Preferably, the adaptability rules of the main girder further include:

[0034] Section self - adaptive adjustment: The outer web of the curved girder is thickened by \(\Delta t\), with the unit of \(mm\):

[0035]

[0036] The layout density of the prestressed tendons in the top plate increases as the radius of curvature decreases, and the increase amplitude is:

[0037] \(\rho=\rho_0\cdot(1 + 0.5 / R)\);

[0038] where \(\rho_0\) is the straight - line deep - reference density.

[0039] Preferably, in the above - mentioned \(S1\), the terrain data is also filtered for noise, classified for ground points, and processed by triangular meshing to extract slope, elevation mutation points, and geological constraint conditions.

[0040] Preferably, in the above - mentioned \(S1\), the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to generate an irregular triangular network, and the Poisson reconstruction algorithm is used to smooth and optimize the terrain surface.

[0041] The present invention also discloses a parametric modeling system for complex bridges adaptable to terrain, including:

[0042] Terrain processing module: used for terrain data acquisition, noise filtering, feature extraction, and meshing;

[0043] Parametric rule engine: storing span distribution, pier column generation, and main - girder adaptability rules;

[0044] Model generation module: Automatically generate a 3D model of the bridge based on the rule library;

[0045] Analysis and optimization module: Integrate finite element analysis tools to provide stress and displacement feedback and automatic optimization;

[0046] User interface: Support parameter input, model visualization, and result export.

[0047] The present invention provides a parametric modeling method and system for complex bridges adaptable to terrain. Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] 1. The establishment of the parametric rule library enables a high degree of automation in the bridge design process. The system can automatically complete the whole process from terrain analysis to structural optimization, significantly shortening the design cycle. The intelligent span allocation, pier column generation, and main beam design rules ensure that the design scheme achieves the optimal economic benefits while meeting the specification requirements. By optimizing the pile foundation length and adopting a variable cross-section main beam design, the material consumption can be significantly saved. The standardized design of precast components also improves the construction accuracy and efficiency.

[0049] 2. The curve beam design method uses a smooth transition curve, greatly improving the driving comfort. The main beam cross-section adaptive adjustment technology effectively improves the structural torsional resistance. At the same time, the intelligent prestress layout and optimized structural detail design significantly extend the service life of the bridge. These technological innovations not only improve the short-term service performance of the bridge but also optimize the life-cycle cost by reducing maintenance requirements.

[0050] 3. Through multi-source data fusion and intelligent algorithm processing, an accurate match between bridge design and complex terrain is achieved. The high-precision terrain modeling technology effectively solves the common problems of foundation suspension and excessive excavation in traditional designs. The system automatically adjusts the span layout according to the slope characteristics, making the pier force more reasonable and controlling the differential settlement within the allowable range of the specification. The intelligently generated inclined pier columns perfectly fit the terrain pressure direction, significantly improving the structural force performance. This terrain-adaptive design method not only improves the engineering safety but also greatly reduces the earthwork volume and material waste. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0051] Figure 1 is the method block diagram of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 is the system block diagram of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0053] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 2 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a parametric modeling method for complex bridges adaptable to terrain, including the following steps:

[0055] S1, Topographic data collection and processing: Obtain high-precision topographic data through lidar, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry or GIS system, and generate a digital elevation model;

[0056] S2, Definition of bridge parameterization rules: Input the main control parameters of the bridge, including span range, bridge width, beam height, material properties and load standards, and construct an adaptive rule library,

[0057] S3, Generation of parametric model: Based on the topographic features and the rule library, automatically generate the plane alignment and vertical section of the bridge axis, dynamically arrange the positions of the bridge piers, and generate the three-dimensional models of the inclined piers, pile foundations and main girders;

[0058] S4, Structural analysis and optimization: Export the model to finite element analysis software to check the stress, displacement and seismic performance.

[0059] In this implementation plan, first, a multi-source data fusion technology is used to obtain high-precision topographic information, and an accurate digital elevation model is constructed through advanced algorithms, laying a solid foundation for subsequent designs. In the parametric design stage, the system automatically adjusts the span layout according to the topographic features, intelligently generates the inclination angle of the pier columns and the length of the pile foundations, and optimizes the geometric shape of the main girders, so that the bridge structure perfectly fits the complex terrain. This method significantly improves the design efficiency, greatly shortens the traditional design cycle, and at the same time ensures that the design scheme achieves the optimal balance in terms of structural safety, economy and construction convenience. Through the collaborative work of the parametric rule library and finite element analysis, the system can automatically generate an optimized scheme that not only meets the mechanical performance requirements but also minimizes the project cost. Especially under complex terrain conditions, this method demonstrates excellent adaptability and effectively solves common problems in traditional designs such as foundation suspension and excessive excavation.

[0060] Specifically, the rule library in S2 includes:

[0061] Span dynamic allocation rule: Automatically adjust the span according to the ground slope;

[0062] Pier column generation rule: When the slope > 10%, an inclined pier column is generated, and the pile foundation length is dynamically calculated based on geological exploration data;

[0063] Main girder adaptability rule: The curved girder is generated using NURBS surfaces, and the straight girder is designed with a variable cross-section.

[0064] In this implementation plan, in terms of span design, the system automatically optimizes the span layout according to the geomorphic features, ensuring both structural safety and improving economic efficiency. The pier column design uses intelligent inclination angle calculation and pile foundation optimization technology, significantly improving the structural stress performance and simplifying the construction process. The main girder design uses advanced curve modeling and cross-section optimization methods, effectively enhancing the driving comfort and structural durability. The entire system realizes the automation and precision of the design process, greatly shortening the traditional design cycle, and at the same time ensuring the comprehensive advantages of the design scheme in terms of safety, economy, and construction convenience, providing efficient and reliable technical support for bridge construction under complex terrain conditions.

[0065] Specifically, the dynamic span allocation rules include:

[0066] When the slope < 5%, the default span is 80m;

[0067] When 5% ≤ slope < 15%, the span is shortened to 50m;

[0068] When the slope ≥ 15%, the span is further shortened to 30m.

[0069] In this embodiment, when the slope ≥ 15%, a 30m small span is adopted to reduce the bending moment stress caused by the height difference between piers, and the measured peak stress at the root of the pier is reduced by 40%; when 5% ≤ slope < 15%, a 50m span is adopted to avoid differential settlement in the gentle slope area (settlement amount < 5mm, meeting the JTGD63 specification); when the slope < 5%, an 80m large span is adopted, saving for each pier reduced.

[0070] Specifically, the pier column generation rules include:

[0071] Dynamic calculation of pier column inclination angle: Define the terrain slope α as the angle between the bridge axis direction and the horizontal plane. The calculation formula for the pier column inclination angle θ is:

[0072] θ = k·arctan(α) (k = 0.8 - 1.2);

[0073] Where k is the safety factor, which is dynamically adjusted according to the pier column material and seismic grade.

[0074] In this embodiment, through the calculation of the pier inclination formula, the automatic alignment of the pier axis with the mountain pressure direction is achieved, reducing the pier moment by 30% - 45%; for concrete piers: when k = 1.0, the steel reinforcement quantity is reduced by 15% compared with vertical piers, and for steel piers: when k = 0.8, the steel consumption is saved by about 12% (calculated based on Q345 steel); moreover, the installation error of precast inclined piers is reduced from ±3° to ±1°, shortening the adjustment time by 50%.

[0075] Specifically, the pier generation rules also include:

[0076] Intelligent pile foundation design: Construct a three-dimensional stratum model through geological borehole data to identify the elevation H of the rock top surface rock , and the calculation formula for the pile foundation length L pile is:

[0077] L pile =(H ground -H rock ) + max(5m, 0.2D);

[0078] Where H ground is the ground elevation, D is the pile foundation diameter, and by default D ≥ 1.5m. The rock socket depth takes the larger value of 5m or 0.2D. When encountering soft interlayers, the pile length is automatically increased or the under-reamed pile design is adopted.

[0079] In this embodiment, the top surface of the rock layer is automatically identified through the three-dimensional stratum model to ensure that the rock socket depth ≥ 5m or 0.2D (pile diameter), increasing the pile tip resistance by 40% - 60%; when encountering silt / sand layers, the pile length is automatically increased by 10% - 15% or the under-reamed pile (under-reamed diameter 1.5D) is switched, and the bearing capacity is increased by 50% - 80%.

[0080] Specifically, the main girder adaptability rules include:

[0081] Geometric control of curved girders: The Clothoid curve is used as the transition section, and the relationship between its radius of curvature R and arc length L is:

[0082]

[0083] The relationship between the design vehicle speed V (km / h) and the minimum radius R min satisfies:

[0084]

[0085] Where: e is the superelevation rate and by default 2% \sin 6%, and f is the lateral friction coefficient, taking values of 0.10 \sin 0.15.

[0086] In this embodiment, the Clothoid curve realizes a gradual change in curvature, reducing the centrifugal force by 35% - 40% (compared with the circular curve) at a vehicle speed of 100 km / h, significantly reducing the risk of vehicle side slip; the continuous change in curvature conforms to the natural steering habit of drivers, reducing the accident rate; moreover, by using the curvature radius - arc length formula to eliminate the curvature mutation points of the traditional circular curve, the peak value of the torsional stress of the beam body decreases by 30%, and the fatigue life is extended by 50%; the transition section reduces the fluctuation range of the bearing reaction force from ±15% to ±5%.

[0087] Specifically, the adaptability rules of the main girder also include:

[0088] Section self - adaptation adjustment: The outer web of the curved girder is thickened by Δt, with the unit of mm:

[0089]

[0090] The layout density of the prestressed tendons in the top plate increases as the curvature radius decreases, with the increase amplitude being:

[0091] ρ = ρ0·(1 + 0.5 / R);

[0092] where ρ0 is the straight - line deep - reference density.

[0093] In this embodiment, by dynamically thickening the outer web of the curved girder and intelligently densifying the prestressed tendons, the torsional stiffness of the structure is significantly improved (by 40% - 60%) and the crack - resistance performance is enhanced (the cracks are reduced by 90%). At the same time, the material consumption (8% for concrete and 12% for steel strands) and the later maintenance cost are reduced, achieving a dual optimization of safety and economy.

[0094] Specifically, in S1, noise filtering, ground - point classification, and triangular meshing processing are also performed on the terrain data to extract slope, elevation mutation points, and geological constraint conditions.

[0095] In this embodiment, by performing noise filtering, ground - point classification, and triangular meshing processing on the terrain data, the accuracy and efficiency of bridge design can be significantly improved. Noise filtering can eliminate interference points such as vegetation and buildings, controlling the terrain model error within ±0.1 m, avoiding problems such as pile foundation misalignment or foundation settlement caused by data deviation during construction; ground - point classification accurately separates the real terrain from surface attachments, ensuring that the design is based on reliable ground data. The automatic extraction of slope and elevation mutation points can identify key terrain features such as steep slopes, cliffs, and river valleys, guiding span optimization and pier column layout, making the bridge alignment more conform to the natural terrain. Combining with geological borehole data, the system can mark risk zones such as soft layers and karst areas, optimize the pile foundation design, and avoid adverse geological areas.

[0096] Specifically, in S1, the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to generate an irregular triangular network, and the Poisson reconstruction algorithm is used to smooth and optimize the terrain surface.

[0097] In this embodiment, the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to generate an irregular triangular network (TIN), which can efficiently and accurately express complex terrain features, ensure that the bridge foundation positioning coincides with the true landform height, and avoid the elevation error caused by traditional grid simplification (the accuracy is improved to ±0.1 m). Combining the Poisson reconstruction algorithm to smooth and optimize the terrain surface can eliminate local distortions caused by data noise and generate a continuous and smooth surface model, significantly improving the rationality of bridge axis planning and pier column layout.

[0098] The present invention also discloses a parametric modeling system for complex bridges adaptable to terrain, including:

[0099] Terrain processing module: used for terrain data acquisition, noise filtering, feature extraction and meshing;

[0100] Parametric rule engine: stores span allocation, pier column generation and girder adaptability rules;

[0101] Model generation module: automatically generates a three-dimensional bridge model based on the rule library;

[0102] Analysis and optimization module: integrates finite element analysis tools to provide stress and displacement feedback and automatic optimization;

[0103] User interface: supports parameter input, model visualization and result export.

[0104] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0105] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A parametric modeling method for complex bridges adaptable to terrain, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1, Topographic data collection and processing: Obtain high-precision topographic data through lidar, UAV photogrammetry or GIS system, and generate a digital elevation model; S2, Definition of bridge parameterization rules: Input the main control parameters of the bridge, including span range, bridge width, beam height, material properties and load standards, and construct an adaptive rule library, S3, Generation of parameterized model: Based on the topographic features and the rule library, automatically generate the horizontal alignment and vertical section of the bridge axis, dynamically arrange the positions of piers, and generate the three-dimensional models of inclined piers, pile foundations and main girders; S4, Structural analysis and optimization: Export the model to finite element analysis software to check the stress, displacement and seismic performance.

2. The parametric modeling method of a complex bridge adaptable to terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rule library in S2 includes: Span dynamic allocation rule: Automatically adjust the span according to the ground slope; Pier column generation rule: Generate inclined pier columns when the slope > 10%, and dynamically calculate the length of the pile foundation according to the geological exploration data; Main girder adaptability rule: Generate curved girders using NURBS surfaces and design straight girders with variable cross-sections.

3. The parametric modeling method of a complex bridge adaptable to terrain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The span dynamic allocation rule includes: When the slope < 5%, the default span is 80m; When 5% ≤ slope < 15%, the span is shortened to 50m; When the slope ≥ 15%, the span is further shortened to 30m.

4. A parametric modeling method for a complex bridge adaptable to terrain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pier column generation rule includes: Dynamic calculation of pier column inclination angle: Define the terrain slope α as the angle between the bridge axis direction and the horizontal plane, and the calculation formula for the pier column inclination angle θ is: θ = k·arctan(α) (k = 0.8 - 1.2); Where k is the safety factor, which is dynamically adjusted according to the pier column material and seismic grade.

5. The parametric modeling method for a complex bridge adaptable to terrain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pier column generation rule also includes: Intelligent pile foundation design: Construct a three-dimensional strata model through geological borehole data and identify the elevation H of the rock top surface rock , the pile foundation length L pile The calculation formula is as follows: L pile = (H ground - H rock ) + max(5m, 0.2D); Where H ground is the ground elevation, D is the diameter of the pile foundation, and it is defaulted that D≥1.5m. The rock-socketed depth takes the maximum value of 5m or 0.2D. When encountering a soft interlayer, the pile length is automatically increased or the design of an under-reamed pile is adopted.

6. The parametric modeling method of a complex bridge adaptable to terrain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main girder adaptability rule includes: Geometric control of curved girders: Use the Clothoid curve as the transition section, and the relationship between its radius of curvature R and arc length L is: where A is the easement curve parameter); The relationship between the design speed V (km / h) and the minimum radius R min is satisfied as follows: Where e is the superelevation rate, and by default 2% \sin 6%, f is the lateral friction coefficient, and the value is 0.10 \sin 0.

15.

7. A parametric modeling method for a complex bridge with adaptive terrain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main girder adaptability rule also includes: Section adaptive adjustment: The outer web of the curved girder is thickened by Δt, with the unit of mm: The layout density of the top plate prestressed tendons increases with the decrease of the radius of curvature, and the increase amplitude is: ρ = ρ0·(1 + 0.5 / R); Where ρ0 is the straight deep reference density.

8. A parametric modeling method for a complex bridge with adaptive terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the topographic data is also processed by noise filtering, ground point classification and triangulation to extract slope, elevation mutation points and geological constraint conditions.

9. The parametric modeling method for a complex bridge with adaptive terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to generate an irregular triangular network, and the Poisson reconstruction algorithm is used to smooth and optimize the topographic surface.

10. A parametric modeling system for a complex bridge with self - adapting terrain according to any one of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that, It includes: Topographic processing module: Used for topographic data collection, noise filtering, feature extraction and meshing; Parameterized rule engine: Store span allocation, pier column generation and main girder adaptability rules; Model generation module: Automatically generate the three-dimensional model of the bridge based on the rule library; Analysis and optimization module: Integrate finite element analysis tools to provide stress, displacement feedback and automatic optimization; User interface: Support parameter input, model visualization and result export.

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