Battery active safety early warning method and related device

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery active safety early warning method and a related device, and belongs to the technical field of battery safety. The method comprises the following steps: monitoring and collecting expansion force, voltage and temperature data of a battery in real time; inputting the expansion force, the voltage and the temperature data of the battery into a pre-established multi-factor comprehensive early warning model to obtain an early warning grade; and taking corresponding early warning and fire fighting measures according to the early warning level. The device comprises a data acquisition module, a main control unit, an alarm device and a fire fighting device, the data acquisition module comprises an expansive force sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor which are mounted on a battery; and the main control unit is used for judging the working state of the battery according to the expansion force, voltage and temperature data acquired by the data acquisition module and controlling the alarm device and the fire fighting device to work. According to the invention, timely early warning and measure taking under the abnormal state of the battery can be ensured, and the safety of the battery system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of battery safety, and relates to a battery active safety warning method and related devices. Background Art

[0002] With the significant increase in various energy storage demands such as industrial and commercial applications and energy storage, safety is the primary prerequisite for the application of energy storage technologies. Taking sodium-ion batteries as an example, during their repeated charge and discharge processes, a series of complex physical and chemical changes occur quietly. During the process of sodium deintercalation and intercalation at the positive and negative electrodes, due to the characteristic differences of the positive and negative electrode materials, their volume changes during sodium deintercalation and intercalation are not consistent. This inconsistency causes the overall battery to exhibit changes in the degree of swelling. As the number of charge and discharge cycles increases continuously, this swelling phenomenon gradually accumulates, and the swelling force also gradually increases, thereby making the volume change of the battery cell more obvious.

[0003] From the perspective of the internal structure of the battery, as the number of charge and discharge cycles continues to increase, the battery interior continuously undergoes an expansion - contraction cycle process. This repeated mechanical action will cause serious damage to the internal structure of the battery, resulting in the gradual appearance of structural pulverization of the battery materials. Structural pulverization not only causes the contact between the internal particles of the battery to become loose, but also significantly reduces the electrical conductivity of the battery. The reduction in electrical conductivity means that the ion transport efficiency during the charge and discharge process of the battery becomes worse, thereby affecting the performance and lifespan of the battery.

[0004] On the other hand, the continuously increasing swelling force also has a non-negligible impact on the battery module. The steel belt in the module, as an important component for fixing and supporting the battery cells, will gradually lose its strength under the continuous action of the swelling force. When the swelling force reaches the critical value that the steel belt can withstand, the steel belt will break. After the steel belt breaks, the restraint effect of the module on the battery cells weakens, resulting in further deterioration of the characteristics of the module batteries, and the attenuation rate of the batteries significantly accelerates. This will not only affect the overall performance of the battery module, but may also cause a series of safety problems.

[0005] During the extremely dangerous process of a battery triggering thermal runaway, intense chemical reactions occur inside the battery, generating a large amount of gas and causing a sharp increase in the internal pressure of the battery. When the internal pressure reaches the pressure threshold allowed by the battery design, the safety valve of the battery will automatically open to release the internal pressure. In some cases, if the pressure release is not timely or the pressure is too high, there may further occur serious phenomena such as smoke ejection, fire, and explosion, posing a great threat to the surrounding environment and personnel safety. However, there are obvious deficiencies in the existing battery safety warning technologies. The existing warning strategies often only consider a single influencing factor. This one-sided warning method makes the existing technologies unable to detect potential safety hazards of the battery in a timely manner. When problems occur, the best treatment opportunity is often missed, resulting in frequent occurrence of battery safety accidents and low overall safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery active safety warning method and related device to solve the technical problem that the existing battery safety warning technology only considers a single influencing factor and has low safety.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a battery active safety warning method, including the following steps:

[0009] Real-time monitor and collect the expansion force, voltage, and temperature data of the battery;

[0010] Input the expansion force, voltage, and temperature data of the battery into a pre-established multi-factor comprehensive warning model to obtain a warning level;

[0011] Take corresponding warning and fire-fighting measures according to the warning level.

[0012] Further, the establishment of the multi-factor comprehensive warning model includes the following steps:

[0013] Obtain the expansion force, voltage, and temperature data of the battery under different charge and discharge states through experiments, and then obtain the expansion force warning threshold, voltage warning threshold, and temperature warning threshold;

[0014] Dynamically adjust and optimize the expansion force warning threshold, voltage warning threshold, and temperature warning threshold according to the usage environment and aging condition of the battery;

[0015] Construct a multi-factor comprehensive warning model according to the optimized expansion force warning threshold, voltage warning threshold, and temperature warning threshold. The expression of the multi-factor comprehensive warning model is:

[0016]

[0017] Wherein, L is the warning level; F is the swelling force; V is the pressure; T is the temperature; F threshold is the warning threshold of the swelling force; V threshold is the warning threshold of the voltage; T threshold is the warning threshold of the temperature; w1 is the weight coefficient of the swelling force; w2 is the weight coefficient of the pressure; w3 is the weight coefficient of the temperature; and w1 + w2 + w3 = 1.

[0018] Furthermore, the step of dynamically adjusting and optimizing the warning thresholds of the swelling force, voltage, and temperature according to the usage environment and aging condition of the battery specifically includes:

[0019] Dynamically update the warning threshold based on the Bayesian theory, and the specific formula is:

[0020] P(θ∣D) ∝ P(D∣θ)·P(θ)

[0021] Wherein, θ is the warning threshold; D is the historical monitoring data; the prior distribution P(θ) is determined through experiments, and the posterior distribution P(θ∣D) is used to iteratively optimize the threshold.

[0022] Furthermore, the method for determining the warning threshold of the swelling force includes the following steps:

[0023] Record the change data of the swelling force of the battery under different charge and discharge states through experiments; expand the relationship between the swelling force, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the temperature into a non-linear model, and the specific formula is:

[0024] F(N,T) = F0 + k1·N α + k2·e βT

[0025] Wherein, F0 is the initial swelling force; k1 is the change coefficient of the swelling force with the number of charge and discharge cycles; k2 is the change coefficient of the swelling force with the temperature; α and β are non-linear exponential coefficients determined through experimental fitting; e βT is used to characterize the exponential enhancement effect of temperature on the swelling force;

[0026] Determine the warning threshold F threshold of the swelling force according to the change data of the swelling force recorded in the experiment, and the specific calculation formula is:

[0027] F threshold = F normal + ΔF

[0028] Wherein, F normal is the swelling force of the battery under normal working conditions; ΔF is the allowable fluctuation range of the swelling force.

[0029] Furthermore, the method for determining the warning threshold of the voltage includes the following steps:

[0030] Determine the voltage warning threshold according to the normal operating voltage range Vmin to Vmax of the battery. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0031] V threshold min =V min -ΔV

[0032] V threshold_max =V max +ΔV

[0033] In the formula, V min is the lower limit of the normal operating voltage of the battery; V max is the upper limit of the normal operating voltage of the battery; ΔV is the allowable voltage fluctuation range.

[0034] Furthermore, the method for determining the temperature warning threshold includes the following steps:

[0035] Establish a temperature prediction model in combination with the heat conduction equation. The expression of the temperature prediction model is:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, k is the thermal diffusivity of the battery material; Q is the heat generation rate of the battery; C p is the specific heat capacity of the battery;

[0038] Based on the temperature prediction model, solve the temperature distribution by the finite element method and set the highest temperature threshold:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, h is the heat dissipation coefficient; h0 is the designed heat dissipation reference value; T max is the upper limit of the normal operating temperature of the battery; ΔT is the allowable temperature fluctuation range.

[0041] Furthermore, the steps of taking corresponding warning and fire-fighting measures according to the warning level specifically include:

[0042] When L < 0.5L < 0.5, the battery is in a normal operating state and no warning is required;

[0043] When 0.5 ≤ L < 0.80.5 ≤ L < 0.8, the battery is in a slightly abnormal state, triggering a first-level warning and emitting a slight alarm;

[0044] When 0.8 ≤ L < 1.00.8 ≤ L < 1.0, the battery is in a severely abnormal state, triggering a second-level warning, emitting a severe alarm and starting preliminary fire-fighting measures;

[0045] When L≥1.0, the battery is in a dangerous state, triggering a third-level warning, activating emergency fire-fighting measures and cutting off the power supply.

[0046] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a battery active safety warning device, which is characterized in that, based on the above-mentioned battery active safety warning method, it includes a data acquisition module, a main control unit, an alarm device and a fire-fighting device; the data acquisition module includes an expansion force sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor installed on the battery; the main control unit is used to judge the working state of the battery according to the expansion force, voltage and temperature data collected by the data acquisition module, and control the alarm device and the fire-fighting device to work; the alarm device includes an audible and visual alarm and a remote alarm system, which are used to issue an alarm and notify relevant personnel when the battery is abnormal; the fire-fighting device includes a pressure relief device and a fire extinguishing device, which are used to relieve pressure and extinguish fire when the battery undergoes thermal runaway.

[0047] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the above method are implemented.

[0048] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above method are implemented.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] The present invention discloses a battery active safety warning method and related devices. By real-time monitoring of the changes in expansion force, voltage and temperature, it can give an early warning in time when the battery appears in an abnormal state, avoiding the occurrence of serious accidents such as thermal runaway. Combining the three warning factors of expansion force, voltage and temperature, a multi-factor comprehensive warning model is established, improving the accuracy and reliability of the warning, and avoiding false alarms or missed alarms of a single factor. And according to the usage environment and aging condition of the battery, the warning threshold is dynamically adjusted to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the warning system. Through reasonable safety margin design, the present invention ensures that the battery can give an early warning and take measures in time under abnormal conditions, improving the safety of the battery system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0052] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the computer device of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0054] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0055] The following detailed descriptions are all exemplary descriptions, aiming to provide further detailed descriptions of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms adopted by the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0056] See Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention discloses a battery active safety warning method, including the following steps:

[0057] S1, real-time monitoring and collecting the expansion force, voltage and temperature data of the battery;

[0058] By real-time monitoring the expansion force, voltage and temperature data of the battery, the present invention can comprehensively consider multiple key factors affecting battery safety. Compared with the traditional method of only monitoring a single parameter, it can more comprehensively and accurately evaluate the actual working state of the battery, and effectively avoid the problem of missing potential safety hazards due to the monitoring of a single parameter.

[0059] S2, inputting the expansion force, voltage and temperature data of the battery into a pre-established multi-factor comprehensive warning model to obtain a warning level;

[0060] The establishment of the multi-factor comprehensive warning model includes the following steps:

[0061] 1) Obtaining the expansion force, voltage and temperature data of the battery under different charge and discharge states through experiments, and then obtaining the expansion force warning threshold, voltage warning threshold and temperature warning threshold;

[0062] 101) The method for determining the expansion force warning threshold includes the following steps:

[0063] Recording the expansion force change data of the battery under different charge and discharge states through experiments; expanding the relationship between the expansion force and the number of charge and discharge times and temperature into a non-linear model to more accurately describe the battery expansion characteristics under long-term cycling. The specific formula is:

[0064] F(N,T) = F0 + k1·N α + k2·eβT

[0065] In the formula, F0 is the initial expansion force; k1 is the change coefficient of the expansion force with the number of charge and discharge cycles; k2 is the change coefficient of the expansion force with temperature; α and β are non-linear exponential coefficients determined by experimental fitting; e βT is used to characterize the exponential enhancement effect of temperature on the expansion force;

[0066] According to the experimental record data of the change of the expansion force, determine the warning threshold F of the expansion force threshold , when the expansion force F exceeds this threshold, the battery may be in an abnormal state. The specific calculation formula is:

[0067] F threshold = F normal + ΔF

[0068] In the formula, F normal is the expansion force of the battery under normal working conditions; ΔF is the allowable expansion force fluctuation range, which is usually determined according to experimental data and the safety margin of the battery.

[0069] 102) The method for determining the voltage warning threshold includes the following steps:

[0070] According to the normal working voltage range Vmin to Vmax of the battery, determine the voltage warning threshold. When the voltage exceeds this range, the battery may be in an overcharge or over-discharge state. The specific calculation formula is:

[0071] V threshold_min = V min - ΔV

[0072] V threshold_max = V max + ΔV

[0073] In the formula, V min is the lower limit of the normal working voltage of the battery; V max is the upper limit of the normal working voltage of the battery; ΔV is the allowable voltage fluctuation range, which is usually determined according to the chemical characteristics and safety margin of the battery.

[0074] 103) The method for determining the temperature warning threshold includes the following steps:

[0075] The normal working temperature range of the battery is T min to T max . When the temperature exceeds this range, the battery may be in an overheat state. Establish a temperature prediction model in combination with the heat conduction equation. The expression of the temperature prediction model is:

[0076]

[0077] where κ is the thermal diffusivity of the battery material; Q is the battery heat generation rate (Q = I 2 R + η·I, including Joule heat and polarization heat); C p is the specific heat capacity of the battery;

[0078] Based on the temperature prediction model, solve the temperature distribution by the finite element method, and set the maximum temperature threshold:

[0079]

[0080] where h is the heat dissipation coefficient; h0 is the designed heat dissipation reference value; T max is the upper limit of the normal operating temperature of the battery; ΔT is the allowable temperature fluctuation range, which is usually determined according to the thermal management ability and safety margin of the battery.

[0081] 2) Dynamically adjust and optimize the expansion force warning threshold, voltage warning threshold and temperature warning threshold according to the usage environment and aging condition of the battery;

[0082] Dynamically update the warning threshold based on the Bayesian theory. The specific formula is:

[0083] P(θ∣D) ∝ P(D∣θ)·P(θ)

[0084] where θ is the warning threshold; D is the historical monitoring data; the prior distribution P(θ) is determined by experiments, and the posterior distribution P(θ∣D) is used to iteratively optimize the threshold.

[0085] 3) Construct a multi-factor comprehensive warning model according to the optimized expansion force warning threshold, voltage warning threshold and temperature warning threshold. The expression of the multi-factor comprehensive warning model is:

[0086]

[0087] where L is the warning level; F is the expansion force; V is the pressure; T is the temperature; F threshold is the expansion force warning threshold; V threshold is the voltage warning threshold; T threshold is the temperature warning threshold; w1 is the weight coefficient of the expansion force; w2 is the weight coefficient of the pressure; w3 is the weight coefficient of the temperature; and w1 + w2 + w3 = 1.

[0088] S3. Take corresponding warning and fire-fighting measures according to the warning level.

[0089] According to the magnitude of the warning level L, divide the battery working state into multiple warning levels, and initiate corresponding warning and fire-fighting measures, such as:

[0090] 1) Normal state, L < 0.5L < 0.5, the battery is in a normal working state and no warning is required.

[0091] 2) Level 1 warning: 0.5 ≤ L < 0.8. The battery is in a slightly abnormal state, triggering a Level 1 warning and emitting a slight alarm.

[0092] 3) Level 2 warning: 0.8 ≤ L < 1.0. The battery is in a severely abnormal state, triggering a Level 2 warning, emitting a severe alarm and initiating preliminary fire-fighting measures.

[0093] 4) Level 3 warning: L ≥ 1.0. The battery is in a dangerous state, triggering a Level 3 warning, initiating emergency fire-fighting measures and cutting off the power supply.

[0094] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a battery active safety warning device, including a data acquisition module, a main control unit, an alarm device and a fire-fighting device;

[0095] The data acquisition module includes an expansion force sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor installed on the battery; the expansion force sensor is installed on the surface or inside of the sodium battery, for real-time monitoring of the change of the battery expansion force, and transmitting the data to the main control unit through the data acquisition module.

[0096] The main control unit is used to judge the working state of the battery according to the expansion force, voltage and temperature data collected by the data acquisition module, and control the alarm device and the fire-fighting device to work; the main control unit also establishes a multi-factor warning model according to the changes of voltage and temperature, combined with the change of expansion force, and starts corresponding warning and fire-fighting measures according to the warning level. The main control unit also has a data storage function, for recording the historical data of the battery, so as to conduct subsequent analysis and optimize the warning strategy.

[0097] The alarm device includes an audible and visual alarm and a remote alarm system, for emitting an alarm and notifying relevant personnel when the battery is abnormal;

[0098] The fire-fighting device includes a pressure relief device and a fire extinguishing device, for pressure relief and fire extinguishing when the battery undergoes thermal runaway.

[0099] The device of the present invention is applicable to sodium-ion battery systems, especially large-scale energy storage systems, to improve their safety and reliability. It can also be applied to other types of battery systems, such as lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc., only by adjusting the corresponding warning thresholds and parameters.

[0100] In one embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 2, a computer device is provided, which includes a processor and a memory. The memory is used to store computer programs, and the computer programs include program instructions. The processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or may also be other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, and is suitable for implementing one or more instructions. Specifically, it is suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to implement the corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in the embodiments of the present invention can be used for the operation of a battery active safety warning method.

[0101] The present invention also provides a storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory). The computer-readable storage medium is a memory device in a computer device, and is used to store programs and data. It can be understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the computer device, and of course can also include the extended storage medium supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides a storage space, and this storage space stores the operating system of the terminal. And, one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by the processor are also stored in this storage space. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program codes). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be a high-speed RAM memory, or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory. One or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by the processor to implement the corresponding steps of a battery active safety warning method in the above embodiments.

[0102] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can adopt the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk memories, CD-ROMs, optical memories, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0103] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0104] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0105] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications or equivalent replacements can still be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention, and any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery active safety warning method, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Real-time monitor and collect the expansion force, voltage and temperature data of the battery; Input the expansion force, voltage and temperature data of the battery into a pre-established multi-factor comprehensive early warning model to obtain the early warning level; Take corresponding early warning and fire-fighting measures according to the early warning level.

2. The battery active safety warning method according to claim 1, wherein The establishment of the multi-factor comprehensive early warning model includes the following steps: Obtain the expansion force, voltage and temperature data of the battery under different charge and discharge states through experiments, and then obtain the expansion force early warning threshold, voltage early warning threshold and temperature early warning threshold; Dynamically adjust and optimize the expansion force early warning threshold, voltage early warning threshold and temperature early warning threshold according to the usage environment and aging condition of the battery; Construct a multi-factor comprehensive early warning model according to the optimized expansion force early warning threshold, voltage early warning threshold and temperature early warning threshold. The expression of the multi-factor comprehensive early warning model is: Wherein, L is the early warning level; F is the swelling force; V is the pressure; T is the temperature; F threshold is the early warning threshold of the swelling force; V threshold is the early warning threshold of the voltage; T threshold is the early warning threshold of the temperature; w1 is the weight coefficient of the swelling force; w2 is the weight coefficient of the pressure; w3 is the weight coefficient of the temperature; and w1 + w2 + w3 = 1.

3. The battery active safety warning method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of dynamically adjusting and optimizing the expansion force early warning threshold, voltage early warning threshold and temperature early warning threshold according to the usage environment and aging condition of the battery specifically includes: Dynamically update the early warning threshold based on the Bayesian theory. The specific formula is: P(θ∣D)∝P(D∣θ)·P(θ) In the formula, θ is the early warning threshold; D is the historical monitoring data; the prior distribution P(θ) is determined through experiments, and the posterior distribution P(θ∣D) is used to iteratively optimize the threshold.

4. The battery active safety warning method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for determining the expansion force early warning threshold includes the following steps: Record the expansion force change data of the battery under different charge and discharge states through experiments; expand the relationship between the expansion force and the number of charge and discharge cycles and temperature into a non-linear model. The specific formula is: F(N,T) = F0 + k1·N α + k2·e βT where F0 is the initial swelling force; k1 is the change coefficient of the swelling force with the number of charge-discharge cycles; k2 is the change coefficient of the swelling force with temperature; α and β are non-linear exponential coefficients determined by experimental fitting; e βT is used to characterize the exponential enhancement effect of temperature on the swelling force; Determine the warning threshold F of the swelling force based on the swelling force change data recorded in the experiment threshold , and the specific calculation formula is as follows: F threshold = F normal + ΔF Where, F normal is the expansion force of the battery under normal working conditions; ΔF is the allowable expansion force fluctuation range.

5. A battery active safety warning method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for determining the voltage early warning threshold includes the following steps: Determine the voltage early warning threshold according to the normal working voltage range Vmin to Vmax of the battery. The specific calculation formula is: V threshold_min = V min - ΔV V threshold_max = V max + ΔV Where, V min is the lower limit of the normal operating voltage of the battery; V max is the upper limit of the normal operating voltage of the battery; ΔV is the allowable voltage fluctuation range.

6. The method for actively warning of battery safety according to claim 2, wherein, The method for determining the temperature early warning threshold includes the following steps: Establish a temperature prediction model in combination with the heat conduction equation. The expression of the temperature prediction model is: where k is the thermal diffusivity of the battery material; Q is the heat generation rate of the battery; C p is the specific heat capacity of the battery; Based on the temperature prediction model, solve the temperature distribution by the finite element method and set the highest temperature threshold: where h is the heat dissipation coefficient; h0 is the designed heat dissipation reference value; T max is the upper limit of the normal operating temperature of the battery; ΔT is the allowable temperature fluctuation range.

7. A battery active safety warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of taking corresponding early warning and fire-fighting measures according to the early warning level specifically includes: When L < 0.5, the battery is in a normal working state and no early warning is required; When 0.5 ≤ L < 0.8, the battery is in a slightly abnormal state, triggering a first-level early warning and emitting a slight alarm; When 0.8 ≤ L < 1.0, the battery is in a severely abnormal state, triggering a second-level early warning, emitting a severe alarm and starting preliminary fire-fighting measures; When L ≥ 1.0, the battery is in a dangerous state, triggering a third-level early warning, starting emergency fire-fighting measures and cutting off the power supply.

8. An active safety warning device for a battery, characterized in that A battery active safety warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a data acquisition module, a main control unit, an alarm device and a fire protection device; the data acquisition module includes an expansion force sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor installed on the battery; the main control unit is configured to judge the working state of the battery according to the expansion force, voltage and temperature data collected by the data acquisition module, and control the alarm device and the fire protection device to work; the alarm device includes an audible and visual alarm and a remote alarm system, which are used to issue an alarm and notify relevant personnel when the battery is abnormal; the fire protection device includes a pressure relief device and a fire extinguishing device, which are used to relieve pressure and extinguish fire when the battery undergoes thermal runaway.

9. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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