BIM-based garden landscape optimization method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of computer aided design, in particular to a BIM-based garden landscape optimization method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: extracting a spatial data model in a BIM based on the spatial feature data of garden landscape elements, carrying out the sight tracking of garden viewing nodes, capturing the visual data of different angles, and carrying out the calculation of the visual data. And analyzing the visual area range and the visual focus attraction to obtain the garden landscape sight line access coverage rate. According to the invention, through landscape data acquisition, sight tracking and illumination analysis, improvement of visual accessibility identification, quantitative evaluation of footpath environment factors, improvement of path experience judgment precision, path structure combination intersection relation and substitutability optimization, improvement of connectivity and viewing continuity, and facility layout fusion interference identification and function coordination; the space partition reasonability is improved, path and element matching is adjusted, the space response capability is enhanced, conversion from static analysis to dynamic scheduling is achieved, and the layout adaptability and the touring integrating degree are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of computer-aided design, and in particular to a BIM-based garden landscape optimization method and system. Background Art

[0002] The technical field of computer-aided design includes relevant methods and tools for design, analysis, and optimization using computer technology. The core content of this technical field includes improving design accuracy, reducing design time, and enhancing design feasibility through digital modeling, data analysis, and optimization algorithms. Computer-aided design is widely applied in multiple industries such as architecture, engineering, and mechanical manufacturing. In garden landscape design, this technical field can provide intelligent design solutions, achieve the rationality of landscape layout, improve construction efficiency, and simulate natural environment changes by combining various technical means to optimize landscape design plans.

[0003] Among them, the garden landscape optimization method refers to a method for optimizing and adjusting the layout and structure of garden landscapes based on computer-aided design technology. This method covers technical matters such as garden space planning, vegetation configuration optimization, and landscape element layout adjustment, and is optimized through means such as digital modeling, spatial data analysis, and form generation algorithms. It mainly adjusts elements such as path distribution, green space configuration, and water body structure in the garden layout according to terrain analysis data, plant growth models, landscape construction rules, etc., to make them meet the established design standards. This method combines geographic information data, parametric modeling technology, and automated layout rules to carry out links such as landscape area division, plant community design, and terrain adjustment, thereby forming a garden landscape optimization plan.

[0004] Existing technologies mainly focus on static modeling and rule-based configuration, lacking the ability to dynamically capture the visible range, light changes, and occlusion conditions of landscape nodes in the garden space, resulting in blind spots and visual blockages in the landscape layout during actual use, and it is difficult to support the needs of real viewing experiences. In terms of path design, it often relies on the geometric properties of footpaths for configuration, ignoring the comprehensive impact of factors such as slope, shading, and material on walking comfort, resulting in some paths being passable but with poor user experiences. During the process of path structure adjustment, there is a lack of systematic optimization judgment of intersection relationships, easily causing fragmented path distribution and poor landscape connection. During the layout of facilities and signs, the problems of visual interference and functional conflicts are not fully considered, resulting in overlapping space functions and fragmented experiences. In terms of adjusting the tourist flow line, limited by the fixed structure of the static layout plan, it is unable to adjust the layout according to real-time behavior data and is difficult to cope with dynamic change scenarios such as concentrated crowds during peak periods and congestion in hot spots, restricting the adaptability and user experience performance of garden space design in actual operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to solve the drawbacks existing in the prior art, and a BIM-based optimization method and system for garden landscapes are proposed.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A BIM-based optimization method for garden landscapes, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Based on the spatial feature data of garden landscape elements, extract the spatial data model in BIM, conduct line-of-sight tracking on garden viewing nodes, capture visible data at different angles, analyze the visible area range and the visual focus attraction, and obtain the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape;

[0008] S2: Based on the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape, extract the data of the garden trail material, trail width, slope distribution, and shading rate, identify the walking resistance of the path and divide the walking comfort level, compare the walking indexes of each path, and obtain the walking comfort score of the garden walking path;

[0009] S3: Call the walking comfort score of the garden walking path, screen the paths with low walking comfort index and poor line-of-sight accessibility, judge the substitutability, adjust the path connection method according to the positional relationship of the garden path intersection nodes, screen the optimized paths, and generate an optimized garden tour path;

[0010] S4: Based on the optimized garden tour path, extract the garden facilities, sign positions and functional requirements around the path, analyze the impact of each element on the tour experience, judge whether there are visual interferences and functional conflicts, adjust the corresponding positions of the elements, and optimize the layout spacing to obtain an optimized layout of landscape elements.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape includes the line-of-sight accessibility angle distribution, the degree of visible focus aggregation, the suitability of lighting conditions, and the spatial visual hierarchy. The walking comfort score of the garden walking path includes the pleasantness of the path environment, the continuity of the walking rhythm, the sense of spatial openness, and the clarity of path guidance. The optimized garden tour path includes the connection efficiency between nodes, the integrity of the viewing moving line, the balance of path distribution, and the coordination of the tour rhythm. The optimized layout of landscape elements includes the control of visual interference, the independence of functional areas, the compatibility of facility positions, and the rationality of layout structure.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the specific steps for obtaining the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape are as follows:

[0013] S111: Based on the spatial feature data of garden landscape elements, extract the spatial coordinates and visible parameters of the landscape elements, track the line-of-sight path, screen the directions with a shielding density lower than the threshold, and obtain the effective visible angle interval;

[0014] S112: According to the effective visible angle range, fuse the image sharpness, orientation characteristics, lighting and occlusion data, and use the formula:

[0015]

[0016] Perform weighted aggregation on the coverage area ratio to obtain the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape;

[0017] Among them, V represents the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape, L i represents the lighting angle value at the i-th viewing angle, S i represents the corresponding garden element orientation value at the i-th viewing angle, A i represents the corresponding image sharpness value at the i-th viewing angle, C i represents the attraction value of the corresponding garden element within the visible area at the i-th viewing angle, D i represents the occlusion intensity value at the i-th viewing angle, O i represents the distance difference between the occlusion node and the viewing point at the i-th viewing angle, and n represents the total number of viewing angles.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps for obtaining the comfort score of the garden walking path are specifically as follows:

[0019] S211: Based on the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape, extract the trail material, width, slope distribution and shading rate, identify each combined feature and judge the obstacle area to obtain the distribution quantity of path obstacle factors;

[0020] S212: According to the distribution quantity of the path obstacle factors, identify the change range of the shading rate, the change value of the slope gradient, the width reduction ratio and the difference between adjacent road sections of each section, and use the formula:

[0021]

[0022] Calculate the path change sensitivity value, evaluate the stability judgment interval of the path continuous section, and obtain the path walking stability coefficient; among them, Ψ represents the path change sensitivity value, β k represents the change range of the shading rate of section k, γ k represents the change value of the slope gradient of section k, δ k represents the width reduction ratio of section k, μ k represents the slope difference between adjacent road sections of section k, θ k represents the shading rate change superposition amount of section k, λ k represents the obstacle factor frequency of section k, φ k represents the minimum value of the accessibility coverage rate of section k, and ω is the total number of path sections;

[0023] S213: Invoke the walking stability coefficient of the path, extract the coefficient mean and the difference fluctuation range of each path, jointly divide the mean and the fluctuation range into grading intervals, determine the corresponding relationship between the stable interval of each path and the walking index, and obtain the comfort score of the garden walking path.

[0024] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps for obtaining the optimized garden tour path are specifically as follows:

[0025] S311: Invoke the comfort score of the garden walking path, screen the paths with low walking comfort index and poor line-of-sight accessibility, sort the walking comfort indexes of each path, identify the path comfort index, set a screening threshold according to the index, eliminate the paths with indexes lower than the threshold, and obtain a set of low-comfort paths;

[0026] S312: Based on the set of low-comfort paths, judge whether the path has substitutability, and use the formula:

[0027]

[0028] Calculate the path alternation randomness index, screen the paths that meet the substitution conditions according to the index value, and obtain a set of alternative paths;

[0029] Among them, M represents the path alternation randomness index, E1 and E2 represent the environmental similarity of the starting and ending points of the path, H1 and H2 represent the walking comfort indexes of the two paths, R j represents the distribution density of the rest facilities at point j along the path, P j represents the greening coverage rate at point j along the path, and m represents the number of path sections along the line;

[0030] S313: Based on the set of alternative paths, combine the positional relationship of the intersection nodes of the garden paths, adjust the path connection method, optimize the path layout, screen the optimized paths, and generate an optimized garden tour path.

[0031] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps for obtaining the optimized layout of the landscape elements are specifically as follows:

[0032] S411: Based on the optimized garden tour path, extract the garden facilities, sign positions and functional requirements around the path, screen the spatial distribution data of each element, identify the density of the element around the path, and conduct spatial distribution induction to obtain the spatial distribution characteristic value;

[0033] S412: Based on the spatial distribution characteristic value, analyze the impact of each element on the tour experience, analyze the degree of influence of the element on the tour line of sight, and judge whether there is visual interference and functional conflict according to the line-of-sight occlusion ratio and the element function interference index, using the formula:

[0034]

[0035] Obtain the line of sight and function conflict coefficient;

[0036] Among them, F represents the line of sight and function conflict coefficient, W represents the line of sight occlusion weight, B represents the line of sight occlusion ratio, T represents the function interference weight, G represents the element function interference index, X represents the density value of the element on both sides of the path, and Y represents the balance index of the element spacing;

[0037] S413: Based on the line of sight and function conflict coefficient, adjust the corresponding positions of the elements, optimize the layout spacing, identify the adjustment offset amount between the elements, and adjust the distribution positions of each type of element according to the offset direction to obtain the optimized layout of the landscape elements.

[0038] As a further solution of the present invention, the method further includes step S5:

[0039] S5: Call the optimized layout of the landscape elements, monitor the tourist flow trend, the diversion state of the garden paths, and the node stay time, extract the tourist stay time and the distribution data of the hot spots, judge the matching degree between the path and the elements, and adjust part of the landscape layout and the path distribution according to the real-time data, and output the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout;

[0040] The renovation design of the garden landscape space layout includes the space behavior fit, the streamline dynamic responsiveness, the coverage rate of the tourist hot spots, and the real-time scheduling adaptability.

[0041] As a further solution of the present invention, the obtaining step of the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout is specifically:

[0042] S511: Call the optimized layout of the landscape elements, monitor the tourist stay time and the distribution of the hot spots, analyze the retention ratio of the tourists in the area, extract the stagnation points, identify the residence density of the tourists in the hot spots, and obtain the density difference value of the hot spots;

[0043] S512: Call the density difference value of the hot spots, extract the path distribution comparison value, judge the matching degree between the path and the elements, and identify the tourist path deviation rate according to the change of the path distribution density. Use the formula:

[0044]

[0045] Obtain the path optimization degree value;

[0046] Among them, Q represents the path optimization degree value, J max represents the maximum value of the path distribution density, J min represents the minimum value of the path distribution density, N avg represents the path distribution mean, z represents the total number of paths, U a represents the number of tourists observed in real time on the a-th path, fa represents the number of tourists theoretically evenly distributed on the a-th path;

[0047] S513: Based on the path optimization degree value, adjust the landscape layout and path distribution, analyze the diversion state of the garden path, extract the difference in tourist residence time before and after optimization, identify the change value of tourist residence after optimization, and output the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout.

[0048] The BIM-based garden landscape optimization system includes:

[0049] The garden sight line accessibility analysis module extracts the spatial data model in BIM based on the spatial feature data of garden landscape elements, conducts sight line tracking of garden viewing nodes, obtains the data of the visible area range, compares the sight line accessibility under different perspectives, and generates the garden sight line accessibility coverage data;

[0050] The walking path comfort evaluation module extracts data such as the material of the footpath, the width of the footpath, and the slope distribution based on the garden sight line accessibility coverage data, identifies the path resistance and classifies the walking path comfort level, and generates the walking path comfort level;

[0051] The path optimization and adjustment module screens the paths with low comfort level based on the walking path comfort level, combines the spatial positions of the garden path intersection nodes, adjusts the path connection method, and generates an optimized path layout;

[0052] The landscape element layout optimization module extracts the facilities, signs, and functional requirements around the path based on the optimized path layout, determines whether there are conflicts between the elements, adjusts the positions and layouts of the elements, and generates an optimized landscape element layout;

[0053] The tourist flow monitoring and layout adjustment module monitors the tourist flow trend, node residence time, and hot spot area distribution based on the optimized landscape element layout, conducts a matching degree analysis of the landscape elements and paths, and dynamically adjusts the landscape layout and path distribution, and outputs the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0055] In the present invention, through multi-dimensional acquisition of garden landscape space feature data and line-of-sight tracking, superimposing illumination change analysis and visibility angle clarity stratification processing, the dynamic recognition ability of the visual accessibility of landscape nodes is improved, ensuring the consistency between the spatial layout and the visual experience. Complex environmental factors such as the material, slope, and shading of the footpath are transformed into quantifiable walking comfort levels. Combining the results of visibility analysis, a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation of the path experience quality is achieved. During the path structure optimization process, based on the spatial relationship of path intersection nodes, the connection method is adjusted, and an alternative judgment mechanism is integrated to effectively improve the path connectivity and the coherence of landscape viewing. Focusing on the functional coordination and visual interference recognition of facility elements and sign layouts, combined with the node experience feedback, the layout spacing is reasonably adjusted to strengthen the non-interference between spatial functional zones. Integrating the tourist flow trend and the residence time in hot spots, the adaptation relationship between the path and the elements is dynamically evaluated, realizing the self-adaptive adjustment ability of the garden space structure in real-time changes. The comprehensive processing logic is reflected in the transformation from static spatial structure analysis to dynamic behavior response scheduling, and the expansion from single-index evaluation to multi-dimensional collaborative optimization, improving the spatio-temporal adaptation ability of the landscape layout and the fit with the tour behavior. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the main steps of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 is a flowchart for obtaining the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape in the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 is a flowchart for obtaining the comfort score of the garden walking path in the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 is a flowchart for obtaining the optimized tour path of the garden in the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 is a flowchart for obtaining the optimized layout of landscape elements in the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 is a flowchart for obtaining the renovation design of the garden landscape spatial layout in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0062] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0064] Embodiment 1

[0065] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a BIM-based optimization method for garden landscapes, including the following steps:

[0066] S1: Based on the spatial feature data of garden landscape elements, including the spatial coordinates, orientations, visible ranges, and occlusion characteristics of landscape features, green vegetation, and water structures, extract the spatial data model in BIM, conduct line-of-sight tracking on garden viewing nodes, capture visible data at different angles, layer according to the clarity under the line-of-sight angle, analyze the visible area range and the attraction of visual focus, and adjust the influence of lighting conditions according to the solar angle to obtain the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape;

[0067] S2: Based on the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape, extract the data of the material of the garden path, the width of the path, the slope distribution, and the shading rate, identify the walking resistance of the path and divide the walking comfort level, compare the walking indices of each path, and obtain the walking comfort score of the garden walking path;

[0068] S3: Call the walking comfort score of the garden walking path, screen the paths with low walking comfort index and poor line-of-sight accessibility, judge the substitutability, adjust the path connection method according to the positional relationship of the garden path intersection nodes, screen the optimized paths, and generate the optimized garden tour path;

[0069] S4: Based on the optimized garden tour path, extract the garden facilities, sign positions, and functional requirements around the path, analyze the impact of each element on the tour experience, judge whether there are visual interferences and functional conflicts, adjust the corresponding positions of the elements, and optimize the layout spacing to obtain the optimized layout of landscape elements;

[0070] S5: Call the optimized layout of landscape elements, monitor the tourist flow trend, the diversion state of the garden path, and the node stay time, extract the data of the tourist stay time and the distribution of hot spots, judge the matching degree between the path and the elements, and adjust some landscape layouts and path distributions according to the real-time data to output the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout.

[0071] The visual accessibility coverage rate of garden landscape includes the distribution of visual accessibility angles, the degree of visual focus concentration, the suitability of lighting conditions, and the spatial visual hierarchy. The comfort score of garden walking paths includes the pleasantness of the path environment, the continuity of walking rhythm, the sense of spatial openness, and the clarity of path guidance. The optimized garden tour path includes the efficiency of node connectivity, the integrity of viewing routes, the balance of path distribution, and the coordination of tour rhythm. The optimized layout of landscape elements includes the control of visual interference, the independence of functional areas, the compatibility of facility locations, and the rationality of layout structure. The spatial layout transformation design of garden landscape includes the fit between spatial behaviors, the dynamic responsiveness of streamlines, the coverage of tourist hotspots, and the adaptability of real-time scheduling.

[0072] See also Figure 2 The specific steps for obtaining the garden landscape sight line coverage rate are as follows:

[0073] S111: Based on the spatial feature data of the garden landscape elements, the spatial coordinates and visual parameters of the landscape elements are extracted, the sight path is tracked, the direction with the occlusion density lower than the threshold is screened, and the effective visual angle range is obtained;

[0074] In the park landscape design project, we first collect the specific locations and parameters of various landscape sketches, vegetation and water bodies in the garden, such as the height of trees, the size of sculptures and the range of water surfaces. The data is collected through GIS tools and input into the 3D model. Then, the line of sight tracking software is used to simulate the line of sight propagation from various viewing points in the park, and the interaction between the line of sight and the landscape elements is calculated. Special attention is paid to recording which angles of sight are interrupted due to obstruction. In the process, each viewing point is regarded as a node, and the line of sight is rotated 360 degrees around this node, and it is recorded whether the line of sight at each angle is blocked by the landscape elements. The density of obstruction is calculated by the number and size of the obstructing elements. If the line of sight blocking density of a certain angle is lower than the preset threshold, this angle is considered to be a valid viewing angle. All valid viewing angles are collected to form a valid viewing angle range. This result directly affects the layout of viewing points and the arrangement of landscape elements in the park design, ensuring that visitors can get the best visual experience at any viewing point without repeated output of results.

[0075] S112: Based on the effective viewing angle range, image clarity, orientation characteristics, illumination and occlusion data are integrated and the formula is used:

[0076]

[0077] The coverage area ratio is weighted and summarized to obtain the garden landscape sight accessibility coverage rate;

[0078] Among them, V represents the coverage rate of garden landscape sight line, L i Represents the illumination angle value at the i-th viewing angle, S iRepresents the corresponding garden element orientation value from the i-th perspective, A i Represents the corresponding image sharpness value from the i-th perspective, C i Represents the attraction value of the corresponding garden element within the visible area from the i-th perspective, D i Represents the occlusion intensity value from the i-th perspective, O i Represents the distance difference between the occlusion node and the viewing point from the i-th perspective; n represents the total number of perspectives

[0079] In the process of fusing image sharpness, orientation characteristics, lighting, and occlusion data according to the effective visible angle range, for each effective visible angle, the actual image sharpness value of the garden element in that direction needs to be collected. For example, at a viewing angle of 30° in the southeast direction, the sharpness value of the current tree obtained through the image acquisition device is A1 = 0.72. This value comes from the normalization processing of the image contrast distribution. At this angle, the sunlight angle detected at the current time is L1 = 45°, and the main orientation of the plant is S1 = 30°. Then the lighting and orientation difference is |L1 - S1| = 15°. This angle difference affects the degree of direct sunlight and has an impact on the image texture. To evaluate the attraction of this landscape element to the line of sight at this angle, the heat recognition method is used to record the viewing time and fixation frequency of the viewer to calculate the attraction value C1 = 0.68. The occlusion intensity D1 is obtained by the ratio of the contour area of the occluder to the perspective range. Suppose it is D1 = 0.45. The distance from the occluder to the viewing point at this viewing angle is 8 meters, and the reference value of the viewing direction is set to 5 meters. Then the relative difference is |O1| = |8 - 5| = 3;

[0080] When three representative angles are selected, which are respectively:

[0081] Angle 1 (30°): |L1 - S1| = 15, A1 = 0.72, C1 = 0.68, D1 = 0.45, |O1| = 3;

[0082] Angle 2 (60°): |L2 - S2| = 20, A2 = 0.63, C2 = 0.74, D2 = 0.58, |O2| = 2;

[0083] Angle 3 (90°): |L3 - S3| = 10, A3 = 0.85, C3 = 0.71, D3 = 0.62, |O3| = 4;

[0084] Substitute into the formula for calculation as follows:

[0085] The numerator of the above formula is:

[0086] The denominator of the above formula is:

[0087] Finally calculated:

[0088] The result shows that the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape at the current viewing node under the selected angle is 3.75. According to the reference interval value of the accessibility coverage rate set by the design, which is between 1.5 - 4.0, this result is in the upper limit area, indicating that the line-of-sight accessibility at this node is relatively strong and meets the conditions for efficient visual access. Subsequently, this node can be set as a key viewing point or an interactive display position;

[0089] The benefit of the formula is that by simultaneously introducing the light and orientation difference, the square root processing of image clarity, the attraction participation term, and the comprehensive operation of the occlusion intensity and distance term in the denominator, it can quantify the accessibility coverage rate index that can be used in actual scenery design on the premise of considering multiple factors, making the result have a high design response ability and resolution ability.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 3 , and the specific steps for obtaining the comfort score of the garden walking path are as follows:

[0091] S211: Based on the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape, extract the trail material, width, slope distribution, and shading rate, identify each combined feature, and judge the obstacle area to obtain the distribution quantity of path obstacle factors;

[0092] For garden landscape projects, the trail material, width, slope, and shading rate are the key factors determining path comfort. For example, in a typical park environment, the trail material is asphalt or gravel, the width ranges from 1 meter to 3 meters, the slope is within 5%, and the shading rate is provided by trees and buildings. Through detailed analysis and comprehensive consideration of the data, areas that cause inconvenience to pedestrians can be effectively identified. This kind of analysis requires on-site investigation and data collection to obtain specific values. By calculating the hardness index of the trail material, the width suitability index, the slope comfort index, and the shading comfort index, the obstacle assessment of each section of the path can be carried out. The specific values of the data, such as the hardness index of the material is 2.5, the width suitability index is 0.8, the slope comfort index is 1.0, and the shading comfort index is 0.9, are all calculated based on on-site measured data. Such calculations not only provide an objective evaluation of the path but also can guide future improvements and design decisions, and finally obtain the distribution quantity of path obstacle factors.

[0093] S212: According to the distribution quantity of path obstacle factors, identify the change range of the shading rate, the change value of the slope gradient, the width reduction ratio, and the difference between adjacent sections, and use the formula:

[0094]

[0095] Calculate the path change sensitivity value, evaluate the stability judgment interval of the continuous path segment, and obtain the path walking stability coefficient; where, Ψ represents the path change sensitivity value, β k represents the range of change in the shading rate of section k, γ k represents the change value of the slope gradient of section k, δ k represents the width reduction ratio of section k, μ k represents the difference in slope between adjacent sections of section k, θ k represents the superposition amount of shading rate change of section k, λ k represents the frequency of obstacle factors of section k, φ k represents the minimum value of the accessibility coverage rate of section k, and ω is the total number of path sections;

[0096] According to the distribution of path obstacle factors, in the on-site monitoring of the garden footpath, if the shading rate of a certain path section drops from 60% to 30%, then β k is 0.3, the slope rises from 3% to 7% within this section, γ k is 0.04, the width is reduced from 2.5 meters to 2.0 meters, δ k is 0.2, the slopes of adjacent sections are 4% and 6% respectively, and the average of their differences is μ k is 0.02, the sum of the shading rates of adjacent sections is 110%, θ k is 1.1, a total of 6 obstacle factors are identified in this section, λ k is 6, the lowest point of the accessibility coverage rate is 0.5, φ k is 0.5, and the total number of path sections is set to 5 sections. Substitute into the formula:

[0097]

[0098] First, calculate the first part of the formula,

[0099] Then calculate the square root part

[0100] The difference is |1.7 - 0.1483| = 1.5517;

[0101] Then calculate the summation part:

[0102] Then the final Ψ value is: Ψ = 1.5517 + 60 = 61.5517;

[0103] The calculated change sensitivity value Ψ of this path segment is 61.5517, indicating that there are significant fluctuations in this path segment after considering factors such as shading, slope, width, and obstacle factor, and further processing is required. By comparing this Ψ value with the overall distribution of Ψ values corresponding to each road segment, combined with the distribution quantity of the path obstacle factor (the value obtained in the previous paragraph is 38 obstacle points), the Ψ value distribution of different road segments is classified into four intervals: Ψ < 30 is the stable segment, 30 ≤ Ψ < 50 is the medium fluctuation segment, 50 ≤ Ψ < 70 is the obvious fluctuation segment, and Ψ ≥ 70 is the severe fluctuation segment. The Ψ value of the current road segment is 61.5517, which is classified into the obvious fluctuation segment and marked as the road segment with a decrease in walking comfort. Extract the proportion and distribution range of this type of road segment in the overall path, and further analyze the combination with other road segments to obtain the continuous trend interval, and finally obtain the path walking stability coefficient as the numerical basis for subsequent walking index judgment;

[0104] Through the combined fluctuation calculation of shading, slope, width, and obstacle factor, the hidden unstable factors in the path can be quantitatively revealed. The result shows that there is a high-intensity disturbance risk during walking on the current road segment, and the walking stability is low. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on optimizing the design or adjusting the path node structure.

[0105] S213: Call the path walking stability coefficient, extract the coefficient mean and the difference fluctuation range of each path, jointly divide the mean and the fluctuation range into grading intervals, judge the corresponding relationship between the stable interval of each path and the walking index, and obtain the comfort score of the garden walking path;

[0106] Applying the path walking stability coefficient to the actual garden path design can effectively evaluate and improve the public's walking experience. By combining the stability coefficient of each path segment with the overall path length and the number of nodes, different comfort levels can be detailedly divided. For example, by comparing the stability coefficients of different path segments, the areas that need improvement can be identified, and then the design can be adjusted to improve the walking comfort. The process not only requires detailed data analysis but also combines the data with the actual path usage situation to ensure the accuracy and practicality of the evaluation. Through detailed comparison and evaluation, the path walking comfort score can be obtained, providing a scientific basis for landscape design.

[0107] Please refer to Figure 4 , the specific steps for obtaining the optimized garden tour path are as follows:

[0108] S311: Call the comfort score of the garden walking path, screen the paths with low walking comfort index and poor line-of-sight accessibility, sort the walking comfort index of each path, identify the path comfort index, set the screening threshold according to the index, and eliminate the paths with an index lower than the threshold to obtain a set of low-comfort paths;

[0109] First, collect walking comfort and line of sight accessibility data to determine which paths need to be optimized. For example, in a park with an area of 1,000 square meters, install sensors to collect data such as tourists' walking speed and stay time to evaluate comfort, and use cameras to monitor line of sight accessibility. Through data analysis, it is found that a 200-meter-long path has obstructed vision and inconvenience in walking due to dense vegetation around it. According to the data, calculate the comfort index and line of sight accessibility of each path. For example, the calculation formula can be that the walking comfort index is the ratio of the average walking speed of tourists to the stay time, and the line of sight accessibility is the ratio of the visible area to the total path length. Through such calculations, all paths can be sorted, and those paths with a comfort index 10% lower than the average level and a line of sight accessibility lower than 70% can be found for optimization, and finally the data is combined to obtain a set of low-comfort paths.

[0110] S312: Based on the low-comfort path set, determine whether the path is substitutable, using the formula:

[0111]

[0112] Calculate the path alternation randomness index, filter the paths that meet the replaceable conditions according to the index value, and obtain the replaceable path set;

[0113] Among them, M represents the randomness index of path alternation, E1 and E2 represent the environmental similarity of the starting and ending points of the path, H1 and H2 represent the walking comfort index of the two paths, and R j represents the distribution density of recreational facilities along path j, P j represents the green coverage rate along path j, and m represents the number of segments along the path;

[0114] By calculating the path alternation randomness index, it is determined whether a path can be replaced by an additional path. E1 and E2 represent the environmental similarity of the path start and end points, which can be calculated by the similarity of the green coverage rate, surrounding facility types and landscape elements of the path start and end points. For example, if the green coverage rate of path A is 75%, the green coverage rate of path B is 85%, and the difference score of the surrounding landscape facilities between the two is 0.1, then the environmental similarity E1 = 0.75, E2 = 0.85, and the difference value of their environmental similarity |E1-E2| = |0.75-0.85| = 0.10;

[0115] H1 and H2 represent the walking comfort index of the two paths, which can be calculated based on factors such as path width, slope, and shade area. For example, if the comfort index of path A is 0.6 and the comfort index of path B is 0.8, then

[0116] R jRepresents the distribution density of rest facilities along the path. This value can be determined by calculating the number of rest facilities on every 100 meters of the path. For example, if the number of rest facilities along Path A is 6 and the total length is 300 meters, then the facility density R per 100 meters A = 6 / (300 / 100) = 2;

[0117] P j Represents the greening coverage rate along the path. For example, if the average greening coverage rate along Path A is 70% and along Path B is 65%, then

[0118] Substitute the data into the formula for calculation:

[0119] If the set path alternation randomness threshold is 2.5 and the M value is less than the threshold, then Path A can be replaced by Path B. Therefore, Path B is included in the set of alternative paths. If the M value is higher than the threshold, then Path A cannot be replaced by Path B and an alternative path needs to be further searched for. All paths that meet the conditions form the set of alternative paths.

[0120] S313: Based on the set of alternative paths, combined with the positional relationship of the intersection nodes of the garden paths, adjust the path connection method, optimize the path layout, screen the optimized paths, and generate the optimized garden tour path;

[0121] Adjust by considering the positional relationship of the intersection nodes of the garden paths. For example, if the intersection nodes of two paths are too concentrated on the north side of the garden, resulting in overcrowding of tourists in this area and affecting the tour experience, the paths can be adjusted to be more evenly distributed in the garden. The optimized paths not only improve the overall fluency of the tour but also avoid overcrowding in certain areas. The most optimized garden tour path is screened according to the adjustment, such as adjusting the original circular path to an 8 - shaped path, enabling tourists to have more choices instead of a single circular tour. Such optimization makes the tour experience more diverse and also improves the aesthetics and functionality of the garden, ultimately obtaining the optimized garden tour path.

[0122] Please refer to Figure 5 , and the specific steps for obtaining the optimized layout of landscape elements are as follows:

[0123] S411: Based on the optimized garden tour path, extract the garden facilities, sign positions, and functional requirements around the path, screen the spatial distribution data of each element, identify the density of the elements around the path, and conduct spatial distribution induction to obtain the spatial distribution characteristic values;

[0124] Use a Geographic Information System (GIS) for data integration and analysis. For example, collect the GPS coordinates of the commonly used entrances and facilities of tourists, analyze the spatial association between the location and the tour path through GIS, calculate the relative density values of each element around the path. This density value reflects the quantity and distribution density of elements within a specific range, and further summarize its spatial distribution characteristics. For example, if the facility density value in a certain area is extremely high, it will cause tour congestion, thus reducing the tour experience. This kind of analysis helps the garden managers understand the functional focus and spatial usage of each area, and finally obtain the spatial distribution characteristic values.

[0125] S412: Based on the spatial distribution characteristic values, analyze the impact of each element on the tour experience, analyze the degree of influence of the element on the tour line of sight. According to the line-of-sight occlusion ratio and the element function interference index, judge whether there is visual interference and functional conflict, using the formula:

[0126]

[0127] Obtain the line-of-sight and function conflict coefficient;

[0128] Among them, F represents the line-of-sight and function conflict coefficient, W represents the line-of-sight occlusion weight, B represents the line-of-sight occlusion ratio, T represents the function interference weight, G represents the element function interference index, X represents the density value of the element on both sides of the path, and Y represents the balance index of the element spacing;

[0129] For example, in a certain garden area, multiple rest benches, sculptures, and trash cans are set. If a sculpture is 2.5 meters high and is 1.5 meters away from the main tour path, it will block the line of sight of tourists. At this time, it is necessary to calculate its impact on the tour line of sight, measure the line-of-sight occlusion ratio of the sculpture to the main line of sight. Assume that its occlusion ratio B = 30%, that is, 30% of the tourists' line of sight is affected. This sculpture also affects the usability of surrounding facilities, such as the convenience of trash can placement. This part is evaluated by calculating the function interference index G. Assume that this index is G = 0.6, indicating a relatively high degree of impact on function use. According to the line-of-sight occlusion ratio and the function interference index, use logical judgment and priority calculation methods to judge whether there is visual interference and functional conflict. If the line-of-sight occlusion ratio exceeds 25% and the function interference index exceeds 0.5, it is considered that this element has a strong conflict and its layout needs to be adjusted;

[0130] Calculate the comprehensive influence value of each element on the line of sight and function, and obtain the line-of-sight and function conflict coefficient;

[0131] W represents the line-of-sight occlusion weight, which is set based on tour data and tourist feedback. Here, W = 0.8 is set;

[0132] B represents the line-of-sight occlusion ratio, which was previously measured as 30%, that is, B = 0.3;

[0133] T represents the functional interference weight, and its value is set to T = 0.5 based on the tourist survey data;

[0134] G represents the element functional interference index, which was previously measured as G = 0.6;

[0135] X represents the density value of the element on both sides of the path, which is set to X = 2 (indicating that there are 2 similar facilities distributed per unit area in this area);

[0136] Y represents the balance index of the element spacing, which is set to Y = 4 (indicating that the facility spacing in this area is relatively uniform);

[0137] Substitute specific values:

[0138] The result shows that the line-of-sight and function conflict coefficient of the current sculpture is 0.22. If the set conflict threshold is 0.2, then this sculpture has slightly exceeded the allowable range and fine-tuning needs to be considered. For example, its distance from the main tour path can be adjusted to 2.5 meters or its height can be reduced to 2.0 meters to reduce the occlusion ratio or the functional interference index, finally obtaining the line-of-sight and function conflict coefficient, and classifying the influence degree of different elements on the landscape experience accordingly.

[0139] S413: Based on the line-of-sight and function conflict coefficient, adjust the corresponding positions of the elements, optimize the layout spacing, identify the adjustment offset between the elements, and adjust the distribution position of each element according to the offset direction to obtain the optimized layout of the landscape elements;

[0140] Adjust the corresponding positions of the elements and optimize the layout spacing. For example, if the conflict coefficient of a certain rest area is too high, it needs to be moved to a position that has less impact on the tour line of sight. By calculating the adjustment offset between the elements, the specific calculation includes the straight-line distance between the original position and the proposed new position of the element. Considering the limitations of the terrain and the existing path, adjust the specific position and direction of each element to ensure that each adjustment is based on the optimized calculation of the conflict coefficient. Further, through on-site testing of the adjustment effect, check the reduction effect of the line-of-sight and function conflict, and finally obtain the optimized layout of the landscape elements.

[0141] Please refer to Figure 6 , and the specific steps for obtaining the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout are as follows:

[0142] S511: Invoke the optimized layout of the landscape elements, monitor the tourist stay time and the distribution of hot spots, analyze the regional tourist retention ratio, extract the stagnation points, identify the tourist residence density in the hot spots, and obtain the density difference value of the hot spots;

[0143] By monitoring the stay time of tourists and the distribution of hot spots in real time. For example, during a peak tourist season, the scenic area can set up sensors or use mobile apps to collect data to observe the number of visitors and their stay time at major attractions. This data collection helps administrators understand which areas need to improve the visiting experience or add facilities. By comparing the visitor retention ratios of different areas, if the visitor retention time in a certain hot spot area is significantly longer than that in other areas, it indicates that the landscape or facilities here are more popular or overly crowded. Key stagnation points are extracted from the data, that is, the average stay time of tourists at specific points in the park exceeds a set threshold, which is set based on historical data. For example, areas with an average stay time exceeding 15 minutes are regarded as stagnation points. According to the distribution of stagnation points, administrators can calculate the visitor residence density of each hot spot area, which can be obtained by calculating the ratio of the stay time to the area of the region, so as to make more accurate management decisions on tourist flow and finally obtain the density difference value of the hot spot area.

[0144] S512: Call the density difference value of the hot spot area, extract the path distribution comparison value, judge the matching degree between the path and the element, and based on the change of the path distribution density, identify the tourist path deviation rate, using the formula:

[0145]

[0146] Obtain the path optimization degree value;

[0147] Among them, Q represents the path optimization degree value, J max represents the maximum value of the path distribution density, J min represents the minimum value of the path distribution density, N avg represents the path distribution mean, z represents the total number of paths, U a represents the number of tourists observed in real time on the a-th path, f a represents the number of tourists theoretically evenly distributed on the a-th path;

[0148] Using the obtained density difference value of the hot spot area as the basic data, further calculate and optimize the matching degree between the tourist flow path and the landscape elements. For example, in a large botanical garden, the manager noticed that the uneven distribution of tourists in some scenic spots was caused by improper landscape design guidance. It can be improved by adjusting the path guidance signs or adding attractive points. Calculate the density comparison value of each path distribution, which involves calculating the ratio of the number of tourists on each path to its length to obtain a path distribution density index, which can be calculated by the following formula:

[0149] Among them, J represents the path distribution density, g represents the total number of tourists on this path, and r represents the path length. If the density of a certain path is much higher than that of other surrounding paths, it indicates that there are too many tourists on this path and the landscape or path needs to be adjusted.

[0150] Suppose there are three main paths in a certain park. The number of tourists on path 1, g1 = 500 people, the path length r1 = 300 meters, the number of tourists on path 2, g2 = 700 people, the path length r2 = 400 meters, and the number of tourists on path 3, g3 = 400 people, the path length r3 = 250 meters. Then calculate the path distribution density:

[0151]

[0152] The maximum path density J max = 1.75, the minimum path density J min = 1.60;

[0153] Based on the change trend of path density, establish a path optimization model. This model can predict the impact of different layout adjustments on tourist flow and calculate the tourist path deviation rate;

[0154] Suppose the theoretical uniform distribution quantities are f1 = 550 people, f2 = 600 people, and f3 = 450 people. Then calculate the tourist path deviation:

[0155] |U1 - f1| = |500 - 550| = 50;

[0156] |U2 - f2| = |700 - 600| = 100;

[0157] |U3 - f3| = |400 - 450| = 50;

[0158]

[0159] The average value of path density:

[0160] Finally, calculate the path optimization degree:

[0161] Obtain the path optimization degree value Q = 7.27. According to this value, analyze the path flow distribution. If the value is relatively high (such as exceeding 7), there is a large deviation in tourist flow, and the landscape layout and path settings need to be adjusted. For example, add rest areas or path guiding signs near path 2 to improve the tourist flow direction and ensure more balanced fluidity in the park, and finally obtain the path optimization degree value.

[0162] S513: Based on the path optimization degree value, adjust the landscape layout and path distribution, analyze the diversion state of the garden paths, extract the difference in tourist residence time before and after optimization, identify the change value of tourist residence after optimization, and output the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout;

[0163] Adjust the landscape layout and path distribution. For example, in a city park, if it is found that some areas are worn or the vegetation is damaged due to excessive tourist density, the path direction of the area can be adjusted or rest areas can be added according to the optimization degree value to disperse the tourist flow. Combining with the distribution density of the optimized path, recalculate the diversion state of the garden path, which can be completed by comparing the path usage rate before and after the adjustment. Then extract the difference in the stay time of tourists in each area before and after the optimization, which requires obtaining data through real-time monitoring, such as installing cameras with traffic monitoring or using the data feedback of mobile phone APPs. Analyze the change in the stay time of tourists in hot spots after the adjustment. This kind of analysis can help understand the actual impact of landscape adjustment on tourist behavior. Finally, through data and analysis, output the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout, obtain the optimized change value of tourist stay, and ensure that the implementation of the plan has efficient tourist management and a better tour experience.

[0164] The BIM-based garden landscape optimization system includes:

[0165] The garden sight line accessibility analysis module extracts the spatial data model in BIM based on the spatial feature data of garden landscape elements, conducts sight line tracking of garden viewing nodes, obtains the data of the visible area range, compares the sight line accessibility under different perspectives, and generates the garden sight line accessibility coverage data;

[0166] The walking path comfort evaluation module extracts data such as the trail material, trail width, and slope distribution based on the garden sight line accessibility coverage data, identifies the path resistance and classifies the path comfort level, and generates the walking path comfort level;

[0167] The path optimization and adjustment module screens the paths with low comfort level based on the walking path comfort level, combines the spatial positions of the garden path intersection nodes, adjusts the path connection method, and generates the optimized path layout;

[0168] The landscape element layout optimization module extracts the facilities, signs, and functional requirements around the path based on the optimized path layout, determines whether there are conflicts between elements, adjusts the positions and layouts of the elements, and generates the optimized layout of landscape elements;

[0169] The tourist flow monitoring and layout adjustment module monitors the tourist flow trend, node stay time, and hot spot area distribution based on the optimized layout of landscape elements, conducts the matching degree analysis of landscape elements and paths, and dynamically adjusts the landscape layout and path distribution, and outputs the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout.

[0170] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose other forms of limitations on the present invention. Any person skilled in the relevant art may use the technical content disclosed above to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and apply them to other fields. However, as long as it does not depart from the technical solution content of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based optimization method for garden landscapes, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Based on the spatial feature data of garden landscape elements, extract the spatial data model in BIM, conduct line-of-sight tracking on garden viewing nodes, capture visible data at different angles, analyze the visible area range and the attraction of visual focuses, and obtain the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape; S2: Based on the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape, extract the data of garden path materials, path width, slope distribution, and shading rate, identify the walking resistance of the path and divide the walking comfort level, compare the walking indices of each path, and obtain the walking comfort score of the garden walking path; S3: Invoke the walking comfort score of the garden walking path, screen the paths with low walking comfort index and poor line-of-sight accessibility, judge the substitutability, adjust the path connection method according to the positional relationship of the garden path intersection nodes, screen the optimized paths, and generate an optimized garden tour path; S4: Based on the optimized garden tour path, extract the garden facilities, sign positions, and functional requirements around the path, analyze the impact of each element on the tour experience, judge whether there are visual interferences and functional conflicts, adjust the corresponding positions of the elements, and optimize the layout spacing to obtain an optimized layout of landscape elements.

2. The BIM-based garden landscape optimization method according to claim 1, wherein The line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape includes the distribution of line-of-sight accessibility angles, the degree of concentration of visible focuses, the suitability of lighting conditions, and the spatial visual hierarchy. The walking comfort score of the garden walking path includes the pleasantness of the path environment, the continuity of the walking rhythm, the sense of spatial openness, and the clarity of path guidance. The optimized garden tour path includes the connectivity efficiency between nodes, the integrity of the viewing movement line, the balance of path distribution, and the coordination of the tour rhythm. The optimized layout of landscape elements includes the control of visual interference, the independence of functional areas, the compatibility of facility positions, and the rationality of the layout structure.

3. The BIM-based garden landscape optimization method according to claim 1, wherein The specific steps for obtaining the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape are as follows: S111: Based on the spatial feature data of garden landscape elements, extract the spatial coordinates and visible parameters of the landscape elements, track the line-of-sight path, screen the directions with an occlusion density lower than the threshold, and obtain the effective visible angle range; S112: According to the effective visible angle range, fuse the image clarity, orientation characteristics, lighting, and occlusion data, and use the formula: Perform weighted aggregation on the coverage area ratio to obtain the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape; Among them, V represents the accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape line of sight, L i represents the light angle value under the i-th perspective, S i represents the corresponding garden element orientation value under the i-th perspective, A i represents the corresponding image clarity value under the i-th perspective, C i represents the attraction value of the corresponding garden element within the visible area under the i-th perspective, D i represents the occlusion intensity value under the i-th perspective, O i represents the distance difference between the occlusion node and the viewing point under the i-th perspective, and n represents the total number of perspectives.

4. The BIM-based garden landscape optimization method according to claim 3, wherein, The specific steps for obtaining the walking comfort score of the garden walking path are as follows: S211: Based on the line-of-sight accessibility coverage rate of the garden landscape, extract the path materials, width, slope distribution, and shading rate, identify each combined feature and judge the obstacle area to obtain the distribution quantity of path obstacle factors; S212: According to the distribution quantity of the path obstacle factors, identify the change range of the shading rate, the change value of the slope gradient, the width reduction ratio, and the difference between adjacent road sections of each section, and use the formula: Calculate the path change sensitivity value, evaluate the stability judgment interval of the continuous path segment, and obtain the path walking stability coefficient; where, Ψ represents the path change sensitivity value, β k represents the shading rate change range of section k, γ k represents the slope gradient change value of section k, δ k represents the width reduction ratio of section k, μ k represents the slope difference between adjacent sections of section k, θ k represents the shading rate change superposition amount of section k, λ k represents the obstacle factor frequency of section k, φ k represents the minimum access coverage rate of section k, and ω is the total number of path sections; S213: Invoke the walking stability coefficient of the path, extract the coefficient mean and the difference fluctuation range of each path, jointly divide the mean and the fluctuation range into grading intervals, judge the corresponding relationship between the stable interval of each path and the walking index, and obtain the walking comfort score of the garden walking path.

5. The BIM-based landscape optimization method according to claim 4, wherein The specific steps for obtaining the optimized garden tour path are as follows: S311: Call the comfort score of the garden walking path, screen the paths with low walking comfort index and poor line-of-sight accessibility, sort the walking comfort indices of each path, identify the path comfort index, set a screening threshold based on the index, eliminate the paths with indices lower than the threshold, and obtain a set of low-comfort paths; S312: Based on the set of low-comfort paths, determine whether the paths are substitutable, using the formula: Calculate the path alternation randomness index, screen the paths that meet the substitution conditions based on the index value, and obtain a set of substitutable paths; Among them, M represents the path alternation randomness index, E1 and E2 represent the environmental similarity of the start and end points of the path, H1 and H2 represent the walking comfort indexes of the two paths, R j represents the distribution density of rest facilities at point j along the path, P j represents the greening coverage rate at point j along the path, and m represents the number of sections along the path; S313: Based on the set of substitutable paths, combine the positional relationships of the garden path intersection nodes, adjust the path connection method, optimize the path layout, screen the optimized paths, and generate an optimized garden tour path.

6. The BIM-based garden landscape optimization method according to claim 5, characterized in that The specific steps for obtaining the optimized layout of the landscape elements are as follows: S411: Based on the optimized garden tour path, extract the garden facilities, sign positions, and functional requirements around the path, screen the spatial distribution data of each element, identify the density of the elements around the path, and perform spatial distribution induction to obtain spatial distribution characteristic values; S412: Based on the spatial distribution characteristic values, analyze the impact of each element on the tour experience, analyze the degree of influence of the elements on the tour line of sight, and judge whether there is visual interference and functional conflict based on the line-of-sight occlusion ratio and the element function interference index, using the formula: Obtain the line-of-sight and function conflict coefficient; Among them, F represents the line-of-sight and function conflict coefficient, W represents the line-of-sight occlusion weight, B represents the line-of-sight occlusion ratio, T represents the function interference weight, G represents the element function interference index, X represents the density value of the element on both sides of the path, and Y represents the balance index of the element spacing; S413: Based on the line-of-sight and function conflict coefficient, adjust the corresponding positions of the elements, optimize the layout spacing, identify the adjustment offset amount between the elements, and adjust the distribution positions of each element according to the offset direction to obtain the optimized layout of the landscape elements.

7. The BIM-based garden landscape optimization method according to claim 1, wherein, The method also includes step S5: S5: Call the optimized layout of the landscape elements, monitor the tourist flow trend, garden path diversion status, and node residence time, extract the tourist residence time and hot spot area distribution data, judge the matching degree between the path and the elements, and adjust part of the landscape layout and path distribution based on the real-time data, and output the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout; The renovation design of the garden landscape space layout includes spatial behavior compliance, streamline dynamic responsiveness, tour hot spot coverage rate, and real-time scheduling adaptability.

8. The BIM-based landscape optimization method according to claim 7, wherein The specific steps for obtaining the renovation design of the garden landscape space layout are as follows: S511: Call the optimized layout of the landscape elements, monitor the tourist residence time and hot spot area distribution, analyze the regional tourist retention ratio, extract the stagnation points, identify the tourist residence density in the hot spot area, and obtain the density difference value of the hot spot area; S512: Call the density difference value of the hot spot area, extract the path distribution comparison value, judge the matching degree between the path and the elements, and identify the tourist path deviation rate based on the change in the path distribution density, using the formula: Obtain the path optimization degree value; Among them, Q represents the path optimization degree value, J max represents the maximum value of the path distribution density, J min represents the minimum value of the path distribution density, N avg represents the path distribution mean value, z represents the total number of paths, U a represents the number of tourists observed in real time on the ath path, f a represents the number of tourists evenly distributed theoretically on the ath path; S513: Based on the path optimization degree value, adjust the landscape layout and path distribution, analyze the diversion state of the garden paths, extract the difference in visitor residence time before and after optimization, identify the change value of visitor residence after optimization, and output the renovation design of the garden landscape spatial layout.

9. The BIM-based landscape optimization system is characterized in that The BIM-based garden landscape optimization method according to any one of claims 1-8, the system comprising: The garden sight line accessibility analysis module extracts the spatial data model in BIM based on the spatial feature data of garden landscape elements, conducts sight line tracking of garden viewing nodes, obtains the visible area range data, compares the sight line accessibility under different perspectives, and generates the garden sight line accessibility coverage data; The walking path comfort evaluation module extracts data such as the material of the footpath, the width of the footpath, and the slope distribution based on the garden sight line accessibility coverage data, identifies the path resistance and classifies the path comfort level, and generates the walking path comfort level; The path optimization and adjustment module filters out the paths with low comfort level based on the walking path comfort level, combines the spatial positions of the garden path intersection nodes, adjusts the path connection method, and generates an optimized path layout; The landscape element layout optimization module extracts the facilities, signs and functional requirements around the path based on the optimized path layout, determines whether there are conflicts between the elements, adjusts the positions and layouts of the elements, and generates an optimized landscape element layout; The visitor flow monitoring and layout adjustment module monitors the visitor flow trend, node residence time and hot spot area distribution based on the optimized landscape element layout, conducts a matching degree analysis of the landscape elements and paths, and dynamically adjusts the landscape layout and path distribution, and outputs the renovation design of the garden landscape spatial layout.

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