Defect-free neutral atom array preparation method and system based on dynamic optical tweezers rearrangement

Abstract

The invention discloses a defect-free neutral atom array preparation method and system based on dynamic optical tweezers rearrangement, and belongs to the technical field of quantum computing. The invention discloses a defect-free neutral atom array preparation method and system based on dynamic optical tweezers rearrangement. A static optical tweezers array is generated through a spatial light modulator to capture initial atoms, an optimal rearrangement path is planned by adopting a Hungary algorithm, and dynamic optical tweezers are generated through an acousto-optic deflector to implement atom grabbing, moving and releasing operation. According to the method, a weighted Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm is innovatively combined with real-time image feedback, so that the precise rearrangement of the atom array is realized. Important experimental technical support is provided for quantum calculation and simulation, and the application progress of the neutral atom array in the fields of quantum error correction, fault-tolerant quantum calculation, quantum simulation and the like is effectively promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of quantum computing, and particularly relates to a method and system for preparing a defect-free neutral atom array based on dynamic optical tweezer rearrangement. Background Art

[0002] Currently, quantum computing is in rapid development, and defect-free neutral atom arrays have become a research field that has attracted much attention. Due to their excellent scalability and programmability, neutral atom arrays exhibit characteristics such as long coherence time, high-fidelity quantum operations, and dynamic reconfigurability under the influence of Rydberg interactions, making them an important experimental platform for quantum computing and simulation. However, there are many challenges in preparing defect-free neutral atom arrays. For example, photoassisted collisions can prevent atoms from forming defect-free arrays in static optical tweezers, etc., which limit the further development of this field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above technical problems, the present invention deeply explores the preparation process of defect-free neutral atom arrays and constructs a complete automated experimental control system based on the Python programming language. After capturing a randomly loaded atom array with a static optical tweezer array, the atomic occupancy is analyzed by combining electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) imaging technology. Subsequently, a rearrangement strategy is formulated using the Hungarian algorithm, and an efficient rearrangement control system is developed through a spatial light modulator (SLM), a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (AOD), and an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), thereby realizing the precise rearrangement of the atom array. This solution provides important experimental technical support for quantum computing and simulation, effectively promoting the application progress of neutral atom arrays in the fields of quantum error correction, fault-tolerant quantum computing, and quantum simulation.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for preparing a defect-free neutral atom array based on dynamic optical tweezer rearrangement uses a static optical tweezer generated by a spatial light modulator, a dynamic optical tweezer generated by a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector, and a rearrangement algorithm to achieve precise rearrangement of neutral atoms, ultimately forming a defect-free neutral atom array. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, generate a static optical tweezer array with uniform intensity through the weighted Gerchberg-Saxton (GSW) algorithm in combination with a spatial light modulator, and use a magneto-optical trap to capture neutral atoms to form an initial atom array;

[0007] Step 2, collect atomic fluorescence images using an electron multiplying charge-coupled device, improve the signal-to-noise ratio through 2×2 pixel binning processing, and determine the atomic position coordinates based on bimodal distribution statistics;

[0008] Step 3: Transmit the determined atomic position coordinates to a computer for processing and analysis;

[0009] Step 4: Input the atomic position data into the Hungarian algorithm module, construct an atomic movement cost matrix, and calculate the optimal rearrangement path;

[0010] Step 5: Generate dynamic optical tweezers through a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector. According to the path planning calculated by the Hungarian algorithm, perform atomic grasping, movement, and release operations in a single-point movement manner, where:

[0011] Grasping stage: Increase the power of the dynamic optical tweezers to three times the depth of the static optical tweezers to capture atoms;

[0012] Movement stage: Generate a multi-frequency signal through an arbitrary waveform generator to drive the two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector to achieve precise displacement of the optical tweezers in the two-dimensional plane;

[0013] Release stage: Reduce the power of the dynamic optical tweezers to make the atoms fall into the target static optical tweezers;

[0014] Step 6: Verify the rearrangement success rate through real-time image feedback.

[0015] Furthermore, the Hungarian algorithm module is an optimal matching method with the minimization of the cost function as the constraint condition.

[0016] To prepare a deterministic atomic array, we developed a complete set of automated experimental control systems, namely a system based on a neutral atom array. The system includes: an initial array loading and image analysis module, a neutral atom rearrangement module, an image acquisition module, and a central control unit;

[0017] The initial array loading and image analysis module uses the Python programming language and is equipped with a spatial light modulator (SLM) and an EMCCD camera; the initial array loading and image analysis module uses the Python language to control the spatial light modulator (SLM) to generate a static optical tweezer array to load the initial neutral atom array, and then controls the EMCCD camera through Andor SOLIS to achieve data acquisition and analysis;

[0018] Specifically, this module can obtain the image of the region of interest (ROI) where the atoms are located from the camera and perform a 2×2 binning operation to effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio. After collecting atomic images multiple times, we will determine the positions of the atomic fluorescence signals in each optical tweezer, define a fixed-size region of interest (ROI) for each atomic position, and perform statistical analysis on the fluorescence signal intensity within each region.

[0019] By performing repeated measurements and systematic analysis on each optical tweezer site in the multi-cycle image, the statistical stability and measurement reliability of the bimodal distribution of the atomic fluorescence signal are verified, thereby ensuring that the set signal threshold can accurately characterize the atomic loading state. Based on this, the optimized atomic position coordinates and signal threshold parameters can be stored in the configuration file to provide reliable reference data for the real-time analysis and processing of subsequent images.

[0020] The neutral atom rearrangement module consists of the Python programming language, a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (AOD), and an AWG (arbitrary waveform generator). Based on the Python programming language, the neutral atom rearrangement module analyzes the atomic positions determined in the initial array loading and image analysis module through the Hungarian rearrangement algorithm to formulate a simple and efficient rearrangement strategy, which is then passed to the AWG (arbitrary waveform generator). The AWG (arbitrary waveform generator) is responsible for controlling the frequency of the two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (AOD), thereby realizing the rearrangement of neutral atoms and finally successfully preparing a defect-free neutral atom array.

[0021] Regarding the rearrangement of the optical tweezer array, due to the existence of the collision blockade effect in the optical microdipole trap, the single-atom filling efficiency is usually limited to about 50%. Although this efficiency can be increased to 90% by regulating the interaction between atoms, the collision probability between atoms will still decrease rapidly as the number of atoms increases. To break through this limitation and achieve a defect-free atom array, an atomic rearrangement strategy is implemented using a dynamic optical tweezer array generated by a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (2D-AOD).

[0022] The image acquisition module includes an EMCCD camera and a dichroic mirror.

[0023] The central control unit runs the Hungarian algorithm module written in Python and is configured with a real-time feedback interface.

[0024] The Hungarian algorithm is selected as the rearrangement algorithm. During the rearrangement of the optical tweezer array, to achieve efficient rearrangement, it is necessary to focus on reducing the transmission time and transmission distance. Ideally, the lower the loss as a function of the transmission time and distance, the shorter the overall transmission path to the defect-free atom array. This problem essentially belongs to a combinatorial optimization problem and can be specifically classified as a bipartite graph matching problem. As a classic algorithm for solving such problems, the core idea of the Hungarian algorithm is to construct a cost matrix and, under the constraint of minimizing the cost function, explore an optimal matching method to achieve the goal of minimizing the total cost.

[0025] When performing atomic rearrangement for atomic movement in an optical tweezer, it is required that the optical tweezer can be manipulated smoothly to minimize heating. The AOD is an efficient tool for this application. As an effective device that can continuously change the position of the optical tweezer, it has significant advantages such as wide bandwidth, high diffraction efficiency, and programmable movement adjustment. However, during the AOD control process, when multiple control frequencies act simultaneously, due to effects such as frequency cross-tuning and intermodulation, a large number of unnecessary diffraction points will be generated. Therefore, when performing the rearrangement of the optical tweezer array, a single-point movement method is adopted to avoid the generation of unnecessary diffracted light while ensuring the diffraction efficiency. For this purpose, the Hungarian algorithm needs to be used to carry out the rearrangement demonstration. This algorithm can quickly plan the optimal path and provide a strict solution, thereby ensuring a high success probability. Then, through the frequency correspondence relationship of this optimal path, the corresponding waveform pulse is calculated and loaded into the AWG to form a multi-frequency signal, and the AOD is frequency-controlled through this signal, so as to realize the movement of the optical tweezer and the rearrangement of the optical tweezer array.

[0026] When performing atomic rearrangement, we use an acousto-optic modulator (AOD) to generate a dynamic optical tweezer to move the atoms to the target position. During this movement process, it is necessary to ensure that the movement speed is fast enough to reduce the probability of atomic loss. To simplify the adjustment of the speed parameters, we designed a simple control interface. This interface combines real-time image recognition function and can analyze the success rate of rearranging into a defect-free atomic array. By adjusting the parameters of this control interface, we can optimize the movement speed during the rearrangement process, thereby achieving the best rearrangement success rate.

[0027] A defect-free neutral atom array device based on dynamic optical tweezer rearrangement, the device comprises three parts: a light source part, an initial array loading and image analysis part, and a neutral atom rearrangement part;

[0028] The light source part is a laser;

[0029] The initial array loading and image analysis part includes: a spatial light modulator; lens A, mirror A, lens B, mirror B, PBS (polarizing beam splitter prism), dichroic mirror, objective lens, atomic vacuum chamber; mirror C; mirror D; lens C; camera; lens D; EMCCD camera; computer,

[0030] The neutral atom rearrangement part includes: a computer, an AWG, and a 2D-AOD (two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector);

[0031] Among them, the computer is electrically connected to the EMCCD camera, the camera, the AWG, and the AWG is electrically connected to the 2D-AOD (two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector);

[0032] The laser beam emitted by the laser enters the spatial light modulator, and then the laser beam emitted by the spatial light modulator passes through lens A, mirror A, lens B, mirror B, PBS (polarizing beam splitter prism), dichroic mirror, and objective lens in sequence and finally enters the atomic vacuum chamber; among them, the PBS (polarizing beam splitter prism) disperses the laser beam onto mirror C, and the laser beam passes through mirror D and lens C in sequence and enters the camera; the dichroic mirror disperses the laser beam and then enters the EMCCD camera after passing through lens D, and then the EMCCD transmits the collected image into the computer, and then the computer instructs the AWG to generate a correlated multi-frequency signal to drive the 2D-AOD (two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector).

[0033] Before performing the rearrangement operation using the dynamic optical tweezers, first collect an image with an electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) and transmit it to the computer to identify the initial positions of randomly loaded atoms. Subsequently, formulate a rearrangement strategy according to the designed rearrangement algorithm, obtain the rearrangement path by detecting the atom occupancy, and then instruct the AWG to generate a correlated multi-frequency signal to drive the AOD. During this process, the deflected beam array generated by the AOD is combined with the static optical tweezers beam and focused in the vacuum chamber. The backward reflected fluorescence of the atomic distribution is captured by the dichroic mirror and imaged by the EMCCD. The atoms are first loaded into a dynamic trap with a depth three times that of the static trap, and then migrated to another static trap. When reaching the target position, the trap depth is reduced to reload the atoms back into the shallow optical tweezers. During this period, due to the low refresh rate of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM), the static optical tweezers remain in place, while the movable optical tweezers can be refreshed in a timely manner and programmably customized through radio frequency (RF) control. The atomic rearrangement adopts a specific movable optical tweezers system, and using the movable optical tweezers to move atoms is also the development trend of future atomic rearrangement.

[0034] The working principle of the movable optical tweezers is that the movement process of the atoms can be divided into three stages: "grasping", "moving", and "releasing": by controlling the AOD, deflect the laser beam used for rearranging the atoms to the specified position where the atom to be moved is located, then increase the laser power to deepen the potential well of the movable optical tweezers, so that the atom falls from the original optical trap into the movable optical tweezers to complete the "grasping" of the atom; then control the AOD signal to move the optical tweezers to the target position and drive the atom to migrate; after reaching the target position, reduce the power of the movable optical tweezers to lower its potential well depth, so that the atom enters the target optical trap to achieve the "release" of the optical tweezers on the atom.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0036] 1. The present invention realizes the precise rearrangement and efficient preparation of an atomic array: A dynamic optical tweezer is generated by using a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (2D-AOD), and an atomic rearrangement strategy is carefully formulated in combination with the Hungarian algorithm. The Hungarian algorithm ingeniously transforms the atomic rearrangement problem into a bipartite graph matching problem. By constructing a cost matrix and under the constraint of minimizing the cost function, it quickly and precisely plans the optimal path for atomic rearrangement, ensuring a very high rearrangement success rate. During the atomic rearrangement process, the operations of "grabbing", "moving", and "releasing" of the atoms by the moving optical tweezer are highly precisely controlled, successfully breaking through the bottleneck of the single-atom filling efficiency caused by the collision blocking effect in the optical microdipole trap, efficiently preparing a defect-free atomic array, and significantly improving the experimental efficiency and the quality of the results;

[0037] 2. The present invention constructs a complete image acquisition and analysis system: A powerful image acquisition and analysis module is independently developed based on the Python programming language, and the precise control of an electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera is achieved by means of the SDK provided by Andor. This module comprehensively acquires, deeply processes, and finely analyzes atomic images. For example, a 2×2 merging operation is performed on the image of the atomic region, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio; the position and intensity of the atomic fluorescence signal are accurately determined, and through the rigorous verification of the stability of the signal bimodal distribution and the measurement reliability, the precise identification and in-depth analysis of the initial atomic array are realized. This complete image acquisition and analysis system provides accurate and reliable data support for the formulation of subsequent atomic rearrangement strategies, effectively guaranteeing the scientificity and effectiveness of the atomic rearrangement process;

[0038] 3. The present invention promotes the development of the fields of quantum computing and simulation: Relying on the outstanding advantages of the high uniformity, precise rearrangement ability, and high stability of the system of the defect-free neutral atom array prepared by the present invention, it provides an indispensable key experimental technology support for the fields of quantum computing and simulation. In the forefront research fields such as quantum error correction, fault-tolerant quantum computing, and quantum simulation, the results of the present invention play an important promoting role, accelerating the process of the transformation of quantum computing technology from theoretical research to practical application, and opening up a broader prospect for the development of quantum information science.

[0039] The present invention is realized in 87 the Rb atom experiment: The single-atom filling rate is increased from 52.3% to 98.7% (n = 100 experiments); the atomic movement heating effect ≤ 5 μK (compared with 20 μK of the traditional method); the array reconstruction time is shortened to 10 ms / atom (the traditional method requires 500 ms / atom). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 Experimental setup diagram;

[0042] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of path planning and final result of the Hungarian algorithm;

[0043] Figure 3 Rearrangement control system flowchart;

[0044] Figure 4 Principle diagram of moving atoms;

[0045] Figure 5 Parameter adjustment interface of the rearrangement control system;

[0046] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the generation of a defect-free atom array;

[0047] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the rearrangement control system.

[0048] Reference numerals: 1, laser; 2, spatial light modulator; 3, lens A; 4, mirror A; 5, lens B; 6, mirror B; 7, PBS; 8, dichroic mirror; 9, objective lens; 10, atomic vacuum chamber; 11, mirror C; 12, mirror D; 13, lens C; 14, camera; 15, lens D; 16, EMCCD camera; 17, computer; 18, AWG; 19, 2D-AOD. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] To deeply understand the present invention, we will describe it comprehensively and meticulously. However, the present invention has multiple implementation manners and is not limited to the specific examples listed herein. The presentation of these examples aims to deepen the comprehensive understanding of the disclosed content of the present invention.

[0050] Embodiment 1

[0051] A method for preparing a defect-free neutral atom array based on dynamic optical tweezer rearrangement includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Use a spatial light modulator (SLM) to perform high-precision modulation on the wavefront of the incident light to generate a static optical tweezer array with high uniformity. At the same time, with the combination of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and a laser, a specific force field is generated to trap neutral atoms, thereby forming an initial atomic array. This process provides a stable basis for subsequent atomic position adjustment.

[0053] Step 2: Use an electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) to collect the atomic fluorescence image. Since the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected image may be low, in order to improve the image quality, perform 2×2 pixel binning processing on the image. This processing method can effectively enhance the signal intensity and reduce noise interference. After completing the pixel binning, determine the atomic position coordinates based on the bimodal distribution statistical method. This method utilizes the difference in the distribution between the atomic fluorescence signal and the background noise to accurately identify the position where the atoms are located.

[0054] Step 3: Transmit the determined atomic position coordinate data to the PC control terminal. Then conduct in-depth analysis of the atomic position coordinates to provide the necessary data support for subsequent atomic rearrangement planning.

[0055] Step 4: Input the atomic position data into the Hungarian algorithm. The algorithm constructs an atomic movement cost matrix based on the current position and the target position of the atoms. Through the calculation and analysis of this matrix, the algorithm finally determines the optimal rearrangement path of the atoms.

[0056] Step 5: Generate dynamic optical tweezers through a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (2D-AOD). According to the path planning calculated by the Hungarian algorithm, perform the operations of grasping, moving, and releasing the atoms in sequence in a single-point movement manner. The specific process is as follows:

[0057] Grasping stage: Increase the power of the dynamic optical tweezers to three times the depth of the power of the static optical tweezers. The higher power can generate a stronger optical trapping force, thereby effectively trapping the atoms into the dynamic optical tweezers;

[0058] Moving stage: Generate a multi-frequency signal through an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). This signal is used to drive the two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (2D-AOD). By precisely controlling the parameters of the multi-frequency signal, precise displacement of the dynamic optical tweezers in the two-dimensional plane can be achieved, thereby moving the atoms to the target position along the predetermined path;

[0059] Releasing stage: When the atoms are moved to the target position, reduce the power of the dynamic optical tweezers. As the power decreases, the optical trapping force gradually decreases, and the atoms finally fall into the target static optical tweezers;

[0060] Step 6: Through real-time image feedback, use the EMCCD to collect the image of the atomic array again. Compare the collected image with the expected atomic rearrangement target, count the number of atoms successfully rearranged to the target position, and calculate the success rate of atomic rearrangement accordingly.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] A defect-free neutral atom array device based on dynamic optical tweezer rearrangement. This experimental device consists of three parts: a light source part: laser 1; an initial array loading and image analysis part: spatial light modulator 2; lens A 3, mirror A 4, lens B 5, mirror B 6, PBS (polarizing beam splitter) 7, dichroic mirror 8, objective lens 9, atomic vacuum chamber 10; 11, mirror C 11; mirror D 12; lens C 13; 1 camera 14; lens D 15; EMCCD camera 16; computer 17; a neutral atom rearrangement part: computer 17; AWG 18; drive two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (2D-AOD).

[0063] As Figure 1 shown, the laser beam emitted by laser 1 enters the spatial light modulator 2, and then the laser beam emitted by the spatial light modulator 2 passes through lens A 3, mirror A 4, lens B 5, mirror B 6, PBS (polarizing beam splitter) 7, dichroic mirror 8, and objective lens 9 in sequence and finally enters the atomic vacuum chamber 10; among them, PBS (polarizing beam splitter) 7 disperses the laser beam onto mirror C 11, and the laser beam passes through mirror D 12 and lens C (13) in sequence and enters camera 14; the dichroic mirror 8 disperses the laser beam and then enters the EMCCD camera 16 after passing through lens D 15, and then the EMCCD 16 transmits the collected image to computer 17, and then the computer instructs the AWG 18 to generate a relevant multi-frequency signal to drive the two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (2D-AOD) 19.

[0064] Among them, computer 17 is electrically connected to EMCCD camera 16, camera 14, AWG 18, and AWG 18 is electrically connected to two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector (2D-AOD) 19. This connection method ensures the rapid transmission and precise control of data. The electrical signal connection usually uses high-speed data lines and interfaces to ensure the stability and real-time performance of data transmission. Except for the above electrical signal connection parts, the connections between the remaining parts are all made using laser connections. As a high-energy and highly directional light beam, laser can accurately transmit information between different optical elements to achieve operations such as atomic capture, imaging, and rearrangement.

[0065] Test process for the experiment of preparing a defect-free neutral atom array in Example 3:

[0066] 1. For the 87The Rb atomic cloud is subjected to polarization gradient cooling, and then a static optical tweezer array is generated by combining an LC-SLM with an objective lens to capture neutral atoms to form an initial atomic array;

[0067] 2. An electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) is used to collect the atomic fluorescence image to determine the specific positions of the atoms and process the image to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image which may be relatively low, enhance the signal intensity, and reduce the noise interference;

[0068] 3. Based on the bimodal distribution statistical method, by using the difference in the distribution between the atomic fluorescence signal and the background noise, the positions where the atoms are located are accurately identified, the position coordinates of the atoms are determined, and the data is transmitted to the PC control terminal;

[0069] 4. The atomic position data is input into the Hungarian algorithm. The algorithm constructs an atomic movement cost matrix based on the current position and the target position of the atoms, and determines the optimal rearrangement path of the atoms after calculation and analysis;

[0070] 5. Then, the computer controls an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) to generate a multi-frequency signal to drive a 2D-AOD, precisely controls the parameters of the multi-frequency signal, realizes the precise displacement of the dynamic optical tweezer in the two-dimensional plane, and moves the atoms to the target position along the predetermined path. After the atoms reach the target position, the power of the dynamic optical tweezer is reduced, the optical trap force decreases, and the atoms fall into the target static optical tweezer;

[0071] 6. Finally, the collected image is compared with the expected atomic rearrangement target, the number of atoms successfully rearranged to the target position is counted, and the success rate of atomic rearrangement is calculated. The parameters of the control interface are continuously adjusted to optimize the moving speed during the rearrangement process to achieve the best rearrangement success rate.

[0072] The content not detailed in the description of the present invention belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art. Although the illustrative specific embodiments of the present invention are described above for the understanding of those skilled in the art of the present technology, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art of the present technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions made by using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a defect-free neutral atom array based on dynamic optical tweezer rearrangement, characterized in that: Using the static optical tweezers generated by a spatial light modulator, the dynamic optical tweezers generated by a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector, and a rearrangement algorithm, the precise rearrangement of neutral atoms is realized, and finally a defect-free neutral atom array is formed.

2. The method for preparing a defect-free neutral atom array based on dynamic optical tweezer rearrangement according to claim 1, wherein The method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1, generate a static optical tweezers array with uniform intensity through a spatial light modulator, and use a magneto-optical trap to capture neutral atoms to form an initial atomic array; Step 2, collect atomic fluorescence images using an electron multiplying charge coupled device, improve the signal-to-noise ratio through 2×2 pixel merging processing, and determine the atomic position coordinates based on bimodal distribution statistics; Step 3, transmit the determined atomic position coordinates to a computer for processing and analysis; Step 4, input the atomic position data into a Hungarian algorithm module, construct an atomic movement cost matrix, and calculate the optimal rearrangement path; Step 5, generate dynamic optical tweezers through a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector, and sequentially perform atomic capture, movement, and release operations in a single-point movement manner according to the path planning calculated by the Hungarian algorithm, where: Capture stage: increase the power of the dynamic optical tweezers to three times the depth of the static optical tweezers to capture atoms; Movement stage: generate a multi-frequency signal through an arbitrary waveform generator to drive the two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector to achieve precise displacement of the optical tweezers in the two-dimensional plane; Release stage: reduce the power of the dynamic optical tweezers to make the atoms fall into the target static optical tweezers; Step 6, verify the rearrangement success rate through real-time image feedback.

3. The method for preparing a defect-free neutral atom array based on dynamic optical tweezer rearrangement according to claim 2, wherein: The Hungarian algorithm module is an optimal matching method with the minimization of the cost function as the constraint condition.

4. A system based on the neutral atom array according to claim 1, characterized in that; The system includes: an initial array loading and image analysis module, a neutral atom rearrangement module, an image acquisition module, and a central control unit; The initial array loading and image analysis module uses the Python programming language and is equipped with a spatial light modulator (2) and an EMCCD camera (16); the initial array loading and image analysis module uses the Python language to control the spatial light modulator (2) to generate a static optical tweezers array to load the initial neutral atom array, and then controls the EMCCD camera (16) through Andor SOLIS to realize data acquisition and analysis; The neutral atom rearrangement module consists of the Python programming language, a 2D-AOD (19), and an AWG (18); the neutral atom rearrangement module analyzes the atomic positions determined in the initial array loading and image analysis module based on the Python programming language through the Hungarian rearrangement algorithm to formulate a simple and efficient rearrangement strategy, and then it is transmitted to the AWG (18), and the AWG (18) is responsible for frequency control of the 2D-AOD (19), thereby realizing the rearrangement of neutral atoms and finally successfully preparing a defect-free neutral atom array; The image acquisition module includes: an EMCCD camera (16) and a dichroic mirror (8); The central control unit: runs the Hungarian algorithm module written in Python and is configured with a real-time feedback interface.

5. A defect-free neutral atom array device based on dynamic optical tweezer rearrangement according to the preparation method described in claim 1, characterized in that: The device includes three parts: a light source part, an initial array loading and image analysis part, and a neutral atom rearrangement part; The light source part is a laser (1); The initial array loading and image analysis section includes: a spatial light modulator (2); a lens A (3), a mirror A (4), a lens B (5), a mirror B (6), a PBS (7), a dichroic mirror (8), an objective lens (9), an atomic vacuum chamber (10); a mirror C (11); a mirror D (12); a lens C (13); a camera (14); a lens D (15); an EMCCD camera (16); a computer (17). The neutral atom rearrangement section includes: a computer (17), an AWG (18) and a 2D-AOD (19). Among them, the computer (17) is electrically connected to the EMCCD camera (16), the camera (14), the AWG (18), and the AWG (18) is electrically connected to the 2D-AOD (19). The laser (1) emits laser light that enters the spatial light modulator (2), and then the laser light emitted by the spatial light modulator (2) successively passes through the lens A (3), the mirror A (4), the lens B (5), the mirror B (6), the PBS (7), the dichroic mirror (8), the objective lens (9) and finally enters the atomic vacuum chamber (10); among them, the PBS (7) disperses the laser light onto the mirror C (11), and the laser light successively passes through the mirror D (12) and the lens C (13) and enters the camera (14); the dichroic mirror (8) disperses the laser light and then passes through the lens D (15) and enters the EMCCD camera (16), and then the EMCCD (16) transmits the acquired image to the computer (17), and then the computer instructs the AWG (18) to generate a relevant multi-frequency signal to drive the 2D-AOD (19).

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