Progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation and control system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation and control system and method, and aims to solve the problems of high infection rate, bladder injury risk, complicated operation, lack of dynamic pressure regulation and control and the like in the existing bladder management technology. According to the system, the urinary bladder internal pressure, the urine flow rate and the residual urine volume are monitored in real time through the urodynamic monitor, and the pressure gradient is dynamically adjusted according to the health condition of a patient. Progressive pressure training is adopted in the system, the bladder function is gradually enhanced, meanwhile, an emergency adjustment strategy is introduced, and the safety of a patient is ensured. In addition, the system also integrates machine learning and reinforcement learning algorithms, and realizes personalized treatment according to the treatment history and real-time feedback optimization adjustment strategy of the patient. The system has the advantages of precise regulation and control, personalized treatment, improvement of the comfort level of the patient and the like, and the bladder rehabilitation effect of the spinal cord injury patient is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical rehabilitation, and in particular to a progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation system and method. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, the bladder management of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients mainly relies on indwelling catheterization or intermittent catheterization. However, the traditional methods have the following defects:

[0003] High infection rate: The urinary tract infection rate of patients with indwelling catheterization is high, because long-term catheterization is likely to cause bacterial growth.

[0004] Risk of bladder injury: Overdistension or high-pressure state of the bladder is likely to cause ischemia and inflammation, aggravating tissue damage.

[0005] Complicated operation: Intermittent catheterization requires frequent operations, and the patient compliance is low.

[0006] Lack of dynamic pressure regulation: The prior art cannot dynamically adjust the bladder pressure according to the patient's real-time urination situation, resulting in a high residual urine volume and an increased infection risk. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation system and method, which have the advantages of dynamically adjusting the pressure gradient, personalized treatment and improving the patient comfort, and solve the problems of high infection rate, risk of bladder injury, complicated operation and lack of dynamic pressure regulation in the prior art bladder management methods.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation system, including a urodynamic monitor, a pressure sensor, a uroflow rate sensor, a residual urine volume sensor, an automatic valve control module, a disposable urine bag, a urinary catheter and an environmental sensor.

[0009] Preferably, the urodynamic monitor is connected to the pressure sensor, the uroflow rate sensor, the residual urine volume sensor and the automatic valve control module through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the urodynamic monitor is responsible for receiving real-time data from the sensors, running a dynamic adjustment algorithm, generating control instructions, displaying real-time data and training progress, storing historical data for subsequent analysis, running a machine learning model to optimize the dynamic adjustment strategy;

[0010] The pressure sensor is installed between the urinary catheter and the urine bag and directly contacts the urine, and is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the pressure sensor is responsible for real-time monitoring of the bladder internal pressure, transmitting the pressure data to the urodynamic monitor, providing high-precision pressure measurement, performing regular calibration to optimize the data accuracy, and performing error compensation according to environmental changes;

[0011] The uroflow rate sensor is installed on the catheter and connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the uroflow rate sensor is responsible for monitoring the flow rate of urine passing through the catheter, transmitting the uroflow rate data to the urodynamic monitor, and working in cooperation with the residual urine volume sensor to provide a comprehensive assessment of micturition efficiency;

[0012] The residual urine volume sensor is installed on the urine bag and connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the residual urine volume sensor is responsible for monitoring the change in urine volume in the urine bag, evaluating the residual urine volume after urination, transmitting the residual urine volume data to the urodynamic monitor, and working in cooperation with the uroflow rate sensor to provide a comprehensive assessment of micturition efficiency;

[0013] The automatic valve control module is installed on the pipeline between the catheter and the urine bag and receives the control instructions of the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the automatic valve control module is responsible for controlling the discharge of urine according to the instructions of the urodynamic monitor, simulating the natural urination process, and providing emergency adjustment operations;

[0014] The disposable urine bag is connected to the catheter through a sterile pipeline, and the disposable urine bag is responsible for collecting urine and cooperating with the pressure sensor and the residual urine volume sensor;

[0015] One end of the catheter is connected to the bladder, and the other end is connected to the urine bag through a sterile pipeline; the catheter is responsible for guiding the urine in the bladder to the urine bag and serving as a channel for pressure conduction;

[0016] The environmental sensor is installed near the device, monitors the operating environment, and is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the environmental sensor is responsible for monitoring the environmental temperature and humidity, providing environmental change compensation data, and serving as an error compensation for the pressure sensor.

[0017] The progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation method includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Initial setting: Perform system initialization, including device connection and baseline data collection;

[0019] S2. Pressure gradient setting: Set the initial pressure gradient and the increasing stage according to the baseline data and patient characteristics;

[0020] S3. Pressure training: Perform bladder function training according to the set pressure gradient to simulate the natural urination process;

[0021] S4. Dynamic adjustment: Dynamically adjust the pressure gradient according to the real-time data and patient feedback during the training process to optimize the training plan.

[0022] Preferably, the S1. Initial setting includes the following sub-steps:

[0023] S11. Insert a urinary catheter into the patient's bladder and connect it to a disposable urine bag with a pressure sensor; S12. Start the urodynamic monitor and check that all sensors and the automatic valve control module are properly connected; the sensors include a pressure sensor, a urine flow rate sensor, and a residual urine volume sensor; S13. Use the timing mode of the urodynamic monitor to record the patient's urine flow rate, urine volume, and residual urine volume within a certain period of time, record data every 10 minutes, continuously record for 1 hour, and take the average value as the basic data; S14. Record the patient's subjective feelings through the urodynamic monitor, including the frequency of urinary urgency and the color of urine; S15. Evaluate the patient's anxiety level through the urodynamic monitor and record the psychological assessment results; S16. Establish baseline data for the patient's bladder function in the urodynamic monitor to provide a reference for subsequent pressure gradient setting.

[0024] Preferably, the S2, pressure gradient setting includes the following sub-steps:

[0025] S21. According to the baseline data recorded on the first day, combined with the patient's gender, bladder capacity, and physical condition, determine the initial pressure gradient recommended value P suggested ; the maximum pressure gradient set for male patients is 25 cmH2O, and for female patients is 20 cmH2O; the expression of the preliminary pressure gradient evaluation algorithm is: P suggested = P baseline + α × (P real-time - P baseline ), where: P baseline is the baseline pressure value, which is the reference pressure measured according to the patient's initial state; P real-time is the intravesical pressure monitored in real time; α is the adjustment coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the patient's health condition; where α = α base × f(health status ), where α base is the reference adjustment coefficient, which is a preset constant value; f(health status ) is the health condition adjustment factor, which is dynamically adjusted according to the patient's medical history and reflects the impact of the patient's health condition on pressure adjustment;

[0026] S22. Divide the pressure gradient into 5 increasing stages through the urodynamic monitor, and the pressure value of each stage is gradually increased according to the specific situation of the patient; for patients with a larger bladder capacity, the pressure increment of each stage is set to 3 cmH2O; for patients with a smaller bladder capacity, the pressure increment of each stage is set to 2 cmH2O;

[0027] S23. In each increasing stage, an emergency adjustment strategy is added through the urodynamic monitor; when the patient's tolerance score is lower than 0.3 for three consecutive times, the system automatically reduces the pressure gradient of the current stage and extends the time of this stage;

[0028] S24. On the basis of step S23, the urodynamic monitor reminds medical staff to conduct a further evaluation.

[0029] Preferably, the S3, pressure training includes the following sub-steps:

[0030] S31. The pressure sensor monitors the intravesical pressure in real time and transmits the data to the urodynamic monitor; S32. The uroflow rate sensor and the residual urine volume sensor work together to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the micturition efficiency; S33. When the intravesical pressure reaches the set pressure threshold, the urodynamic monitor sends an instruction to the automatic valve control module; S34. The automatic valve control module opens the valve to drain urine according to the instruction, simulating the natural micturition process;

[0031] S35. The urodynamic monitor records the uroflow rate, urine volume and residual urine volume of each micturition as the basis for subsequent dynamic adjustment.

[0032] Preferably, the S4, dynamic adjustment includes the following sub-steps:

[0033] S41. The urodynamic monitor gradually adjusts the pressure gradient according to the patient's tolerance during the pressure training process; the tolerance includes uroflow rate, residual urine volume, pain threshold and urgency;

[0034] S42. The urodynamic monitor quantifies the patient's tolerance through the tolerance score calculation formula; the urodynamic monitor calibrates the initial pressure gradient recommended value P suggested to obtain the calibrated pressure gradient value P calibrated ; the tolerance score calculation formula is: tolerance score = 0.6×(V baseline ÷V flow ) + 0.4×(1 - V baseline ÷R residual ) + 0.2×pain threshold + 0.2×urgency; where V flow is the uroflow rate, V baseline is the baseline uroflow rate, and R residual is the residual urine volume; the expression of the pressure gradient calibration algorithm is: P calibrated = P suggested ×β×(V baseline ÷V tolerance )γ×g(genetic factor ), where β and γ are calibration factors, which are dynamically adjusted according to the patient's tolerance and historical data; Vtolerance is the tolerable urine flow rate of the patient; g (genetic factor ) is the genetic factor adjustment coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the patient's genetic background and reflects the influence of genetic factors on pressure calibration;

[0035] S43. When the tolerance score is lower than 0.5, the urodynamic monitor issues a warning;

[0036] S44. Repeat the process of pressure training and dynamic adjustment through the urodynamic monitor until the patient's bladder capacity and emptying efficiency reach the expected goals;

[0037] S45. Introduce a machine learning model, and dynamically adjust the weight ω and pressure gradient P through the urodynamic monitor according to the patient's long-term health data and real-time feedback calibrated ; meanwhile, use the comprehensive adjustment strategy generation algorithm through the urodynamic monitor to comprehensively evaluate the preliminary pressure gradient recommended value P suggested and the calibrated pressure gradient value P calibrated , and generate the final dynamic adjustment strategy S final ; the expression of the comprehensive adjustment strategy generation algorithm is: S final = ω × ln(P suggested )+(1 - ω) × exp(P calibrated ), where ω is the dynamic weight, which is dynamically adjusted according to the long-term health data to balance the contributions of the preliminary recommended value and the calibrated value in the final adjustment strategy;

[0038] S46. Use the reinforcement learning algorithm to automatically optimize the adjustment strategy through the urodynamic monitor according to the patient's treatment history.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] 1. By setting up a urodynamic monitor and a variety of sensors, the present invention realizes the real-time monitoring of intravesical pressure, urine flow rate and residual urine volume, achieving the effect of accurately regulating bladder pressure;

[0041] 2. By introducing a dynamic adjustment algorithm, the present invention dynamically adjusts the pressure gradient according to the patient's real-time tolerance and historical data, realizes personalized treatment, and improves the patient's comfort and rehabilitation effect;

[0042] 3. By setting up an emergency adjustment strategy, the present invention ensures that the pressure gradient can be adjusted in time when the patient's tolerance decreases, avoids over-stimulating the bladder, and ensures the safety of the treatment process;

[0043] 4. By introducing machine learning and reinforcement learning algorithms, the present invention optimizes the adjustment strategy according to the patient's long-term health data and real-time feedback, realizes the intelligent optimization of the treatment plan, and improves the treatment effect and the patient's rehabilitation speed. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0044] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation system of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation method of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of the initial setting step of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of the pressure gradient setting step of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 It is a flowchart of the pressure training step of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 It is a flowchart of the dynamic adjustment step of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment

[0050] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation system. The progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation system of the present invention is composed of the following modules. Each module has a specific function and works together to achieve the overall goal of the system;

[0052] The detailed composition and functions of the system modules are as follows:

[0053] Urodynamic monitor: As the control center of the system, it is responsible for receiving real-time data from sensors, running dynamic adjustment algorithms, generating control instructions, displaying real-time data and training progress, storing historical data for subsequent analysis, and running machine learning models to optimize dynamic adjustment strategies. It is connected to the pressure sensor, uroflow rate sensor, residual urine sensor, and automatic valve control module through a data transmission line or wireless communication.

[0054] Pressure sensor: Installed between the urinary catheter and the urine bag, it directly contacts the urine, monitors the bladder pressure in real time, and transmits the pressure data to the urodynamic monitor. It provides high-precision pressure measurement and is regularly calibrated to optimize the accuracy of the data. Error compensation is performed according to environmental changes to ensure the reliability of the data. It is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication.

[0055] Urine flow rate sensor: Installed on the urinary catheter, it monitors the flow rate of urine through the catheter and transmits the urine flow rate data to the urodynamic monitor. It works in cooperation with the residual urine volume sensor to provide a comprehensive assessment of micturition efficiency. It is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication.

[0056] Residual urine volume sensor: Installed on the urine bag, it monitors the change in urine volume in the urine bag, evaluates the residual urine volume after urination, and transmits the residual urine volume data to the urodynamic monitor. It works in cooperation with the urine flow rate sensor to provide a comprehensive assessment of micturition efficiency. It is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication.

[0057] Automatic valve control module: Installed on the pipeline between the urinary catheter and the urine bag, it receives the control instructions from the urodynamic monitor, controls the discharge of urine, simulates the natural urination process, and provides emergency adjustment operations. It receives the control instructions from the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication.

[0058] Disposable urine bag: Connected to the urinary catheter through a sterile pipeline, it is responsible for collecting urine and is used in conjunction with the pressure sensor and the residual urine volume sensor. It is connected to the urinary catheter through a sterile pipeline.

[0059] Urinary catheter: One end is connected to the bladder, and the other end is connected to the urine bag through a sterile pipeline. It is responsible for guiding the urine in the bladder to the urine bag and serves as a channel for pressure conduction. It is connected to the urine bag through a sterile pipeline.

[0060] Environmental sensor: Installed near the device, it monitors the operating environment (such as temperature and humidity), and transmits the environmental data to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication. It provides environmental change compensation data for error compensation of the pressure sensor. It is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication.

[0061] The working mechanisms of each module and their collaborative work are carried out through wireless communication or data transmission lines to ensure the efficient operation of the system.

[0062] Pressure sensor and urodynamic monitor: The pressure sensor monitors the bladder pressure in real time and transmits the data to the urodynamic monitor, and the urodynamic monitor makes dynamic adjustments based on this data.

[0063] Uroflowmetry sensor and residual urine volume sensor: These two sensors work together to provide a comprehensive assessment of urination efficiency. The uroflowmetry sensor monitors the urine flow rate, and the residual urine volume sensor monitors the residual urine volume after urination. The combination of the two provides comprehensive urination information for the urodynamic monitor.

[0064] Automatic valve control module: According to the instructions of the urodynamic monitor, it controls the discharge of urine and simulates the natural urination process. In case of emergency, the automatic valve control module can be adjusted to ensure the safety of the patient.

[0065] Progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation method, including the following steps:

[0066] S1. Initial setting: Perform system initialization, including device connection and baseline data collection

[0067] S11. Insert a catheter into the patient's bladder and connect it to a disposable urine bag with a pressure sensor

[0068] A professional medical staff inserts a catheter into the patient's bladder to ensure that the insertion process of the catheter is aseptic to avoid the risk of infection. The other end of the catheter is connected to a disposable urine bag with a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is installed between the catheter and the urine bag, in direct contact with the urine, to ensure that the bladder pressure can be monitored in real time. The catheter should be selected according to the patient's bladder capacity and urethral condition, and a catheter of appropriate size should be selected to ensure comfort and safety. The installation position of the pressure sensor ensures that it can accurately monitor the bladder pressure and provide reliable data for subsequent dynamic adjustment.

[0069] S12. Start the urodynamic monitor, check that all sensors and the automatic valve control module are connected properly, and then start the urodynamic monitor. Check the connection status of all sensors (including pressure sensor, uroflowmetry sensor, residual urine volume sensor) and the automatic valve control module through the system self-check function. Ensure that the connections of all devices are normal and the data transmission is stable. The urodynamic monitor is connected to each sensor and control module through a data transmission line or wireless communication to ensure the stability and real-time nature of data transmission. The self-check function can quickly identify connection problems, ensure the normal operation of the system, and avoid treatment interruption or inaccurate data caused by equipment failures.

[0070] S13. Use the timing mode of the urodynamic monitor to record the uroflow rate, urine volume, and residual urine volume of the patient within a certain period of time. The urodynamic monitor enters the timing mode and records the uroflow rate, urine volume, and residual urine volume data every 10 minutes. Continuously record for 1 hour, and take the average of these 6 records as the basic data. The timing mode ensures the regularity and consistency of data collection, and the basic data provides a reference for subsequent pressure gradient setting. Monitoring of uroflow rate and residual urine volume helps to evaluate the initial state of bladder function and ensure the personalization and scientific nature of the treatment plan.

[0071] S14. Record the patient's subjective feelings through the urodynamic monitor, including the frequency of urinary urgency and the color of urine. Through the user interface of the urodynamic monitor, record the patient's subjective feelings such as the frequency of urinary urgency and the color of urine. The patient can input this information through the buttons or touch screen on the device. The subjective feeling data provides a reference for subsequent psychological evaluation and adjustment of the treatment plan, and helps to comprehensively understand the patient's condition. The changes in the frequency of urinary urgency and the color of urine can reflect subtle changes in bladder function and provide important clues for treatment.

[0072] S15. Evaluate the patient's anxiety level through the urodynamic monitor and record the results of the psychological evaluation. Use the built-in psychological evaluation tool in the urodynamic monitor to evaluate the patient's anxiety level through a series of standardized questions. Record the evaluation results, including the anxiety score and related descriptions. The psychological evaluation helps to understand the patient's psychological state, provides psychological support for subsequent treatment, and ensures the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the treatment plan. The evaluation of the anxiety level can adopt standardized psychological scales such as the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), etc.

[0073] S16. Establish baseline data of the patient's bladder function in the urodynamic monitor. Based on the above-recorded urine flow rate, urine volume, residual urine volume, subjective feelings, and psychological evaluation results, establish baseline data of the patient's bladder function in the urodynamic monitor. The baseline data includes the average value of all records and related statistical information. The baseline data provides a reference for subsequent pressure gradient setting, ensuring the personalization and scientific nature of the treatment plan. The establishment of the baseline data helps to monitor the treatment effect, timely adjust the treatment plan, and ensure the smooth progress of the patient's rehabilitation process.

[0074] S2. Pressure gradient setting: Set the initial pressure gradient and the increasing stage according to the baseline data and patient characteristics.

[0075] S21. According to the baseline data recorded on the first day, combined with the patient's gender, bladder capacity, and physical condition, determine the initial pressure gradient recommended value P suggested through the urodynamic monitor; in the initial setting stage on the first day, the urodynamic monitor calculates the initial pressure gradient recommended value P according to the recorded baseline data (including urine flow rate, urine volume, residual urine volume, etc.) and the patient's gender, bladder capacity, and physical condition suggested； For male patients, the maximum pressure gradient set is 25 cmH2O; for female patients, the maximum pressure gradient set is 20 cmH2O.

[0076] Calculate the initial pressure gradient recommended value P using the preliminary pressure gradient evaluation algorithm suggested , and the formula is:

[0077] P suggested = P baseline+α×(P real-time -P baseline ), where: P baseline is the baseline pressure value, which is a reference pressure measured according to the patient's initial state; P real-time is the intravesical pressure monitored in real time; α is an adjustment coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the patient's health condition; where α = α base ×f(health status ), where α base is the reference adjustment coefficient, which is a preset constant value; f(health status ) is the health condition adjustment factor, which is dynamically adjusted according to the patient's medical history and reflects the impact of the patient's health condition on pressure adjustment; where f(health status ) = w1×chronic disease index + w2×age adjustment factor + w3×complication index, where w1, w2, and w3 are weight coefficients determined according to clinical experience and data statistics;

[0078] Chronic disease index: It is scored according to whether the patient has chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension). If there is no chronic disease, the score is 0. If there is a chronic disease, it is scored according to the severity. Age adjustment factor: It is adjusted according to the patient's age. Younger patients may require a higher pressure gradient, while older patients may require a lower pressure gradient. Complication index: It is scored according to whether the patient has complications (such as urinary tract infection, bladder stones, etc.). If there is no complication, the score is 0. If there is a complication, it is scored according to the severity.

[0079] Example: Suppose a patient has diabetes (chronic disease index is 2), is 60 years old (age adjustment factor is 0.8), and has no complications (complication index is 0), then: f(health status ) = 0.5×2 + 0.3×0.8 + 0.2×0 = 1 + 0.24 = 1.24; when the reference adjustment coefficient α base = 1.0, then: α = α base ×f(health status ) = 1.0×1.24 = 1.24;

[0080] S22. The urodynamic monitor divides the pressure gradient into 5 increasing stages. The urodynamic monitor divides the pressure gradient into 5 increasing stages, and the pressure value of each stage increases gradually. For patients with a larger bladder capacity, the pressure increment of each stage is set to 3 cmH2O; for patients with a smaller bladder capacity, the pressure increment of each stage is set to 2 cmH2O. The setting of the increasing stages ensures a gradual increase in the pressure gradient, helps to gradually enhance the bladder function, and at the same time reduces the discomfort of the patient. The pressure increment of each stage is adjusted individually according to the patient's bladder capacity to ensure the scientific nature and effectiveness of the treatment plan.

[0081] S23. In each increasing stage, an emergency adjustment strategy is added through the urodynamic monitor. In each increasing stage, the urodynamic monitor real-time monitors the patient's tolerance score. If the patient's tolerance score is lower than 0.3 for three consecutive times, the system automatically reduces the pressure gradient of the current stage and extends the time of this stage. The tolerance score is calculated by comprehensively evaluating indicators such as the patient's urine flow rate, residual urine volume, pain threshold, and urgency. The emergency adjustment strategy ensures that when the patient's tolerance decreases, the system can timely adjust the pressure gradient, avoid over-stimulating the bladder, and ensure the safety of the treatment process.

[0082] S24. Based on step S23, the urodynamic monitor reminds the medical staff to conduct a further evaluation. If the system triggers the emergency adjustment strategy, the urodynamic monitor will remind the medical staff to conduct a further evaluation. The medical staff can conduct a more detailed evaluation and adjustment according to the patient's real-time data and feedback to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the treatment plan. The reminder mechanism ensures that the medical staff can timely respond to the changes in the patient's condition and conduct necessary interventions and adjustments. The evaluation and adjustment by the medical staff help to optimize the treatment plan and ensure the smooth progress of the patient's recovery process.

[0083] S3. Pressure training: Conduct bladder function training according to the set pressure gradient to simulate the natural urination process;

[0084] S31. The pressure sensor real-time monitors the intravesical pressure and transmits the data to the urodynamic monitor; The pressure sensor is installed between the catheter and the urine bag, directly contacting the urine, and real-time monitors the intravesical pressure. The pressure sensor transmits the monitored intravesical pressure data to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication. The high-precision measurement of the pressure sensor ensures the accuracy and reliability of the intravesical pressure data; The real-time data transmission ensures that the urodynamic monitor can timely respond to the changes in the intravesical pressure and provide real-time data support for subsequent dynamic adjustments.

[0085] S32. The urine flow rate sensor and the residual urine volume sensor work together to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the urination efficiency. The urine flow rate sensor and the residual urine volume sensor work together in the following ways to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the urination efficiency:

[0086] Urine flow rate sensor: The urine flow rate sensor is usually based on the principle of fluid mechanics and calculates the urine flow rate by measuring the pressure change or flow rate change generated when urine flows. For example, an intelligent urine flow rate meter captures the pressure when urine flows out through a pressure sensor and calculates the urine flow rate through computer software. The urine flow rate sensor is usually installed on the catheter and can real-time monitor the flow rate of urine passing through the catheter.

[0087] Residual urine volume sensor: The residual urine volume sensor determines the urine volume in the urine bag after urination through the weighing method or volume measurement method. For example, some systems use the weighing method to measure the weight change of urine in the urine collection bag through a weight sensor. The residual urine volume sensor is usually installed on the urine bag and can monitor the change of urine volume in the urine bag in real time.

[0088] Cooperative working mechanism:

[0089] Data synchronization: The uroflow rate sensor and the residual urine volume sensor synchronously transmit the monitored data to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication.

[0090] Comprehensive evaluation: After receiving the data of uroflow rate and residual urine volume, the urodynamic monitor conducts a comprehensive analysis and calculates the urination efficiency. For example, by comparing the urine volume and uroflow rate before and after urination, the efficiency of bladder emptying is evaluated.

[0091] Real-time feedback: Based on the comprehensive evaluation results, the urodynamic monitor provides real-time feedback on the patient's urination status, providing decision-making support for medical staff.

[0092] By combining the data of uroflow rate and residual urine volume, the urination function of patients can be evaluated more comprehensively. The real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism enables medical staff to timely understand the patient's urination status and adjust the treatment plan in a timely manner. The cooperative work reduces the errors that may be brought by a single sensor and improves the accuracy of evaluation.

[0093] S33. When the bladder internal pressure reaches the set pressure threshold, the urodynamic monitor sends an instruction to the automatic valve control module. The urodynamic monitor real-time monitors the bladder internal pressure. When the bladder internal pressure reaches the set pressure threshold, the urodynamic monitor sends an instruction to open the valve to the automatic valve control module through a data transmission line or wireless communication. The setting of the pressure threshold is based on the patient's baseline data and the pressure gradient at the current stage to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the urination process. After receiving the instruction, the automatic valve control module prepares to execute the urination operation and simulates the natural urination process.

[0094] S34. The automatic valve control module opens the valve to drain urine according to the instruction, simulating the natural urination process. After receiving the instruction from the urodynamic monitor, the automatic valve control module opens the valve to allow urine to flow from the bladder through the catheter into the urine bag. The opening and closing process of the valve is precisely controlled by the automatic valve control module to ensure the naturalness and comfort of the urination process. The precise control of the automatic valve control module ensures the naturalness and comfort of the urination process and reduces the discomfort of the patient. Simulating the natural urination process helps the patient gradually recover bladder function and improve the treatment effect.

[0095] S35. Record the uroflow rate, urine volume, and residual urine volume of each urination through a urodynamic monitor, which will be used as the basis for subsequent dynamic adjustment. The urodynamic monitor records the uroflow rate, urine volume, and residual urine volume of each urination. These data will be stored in the database of the urodynamic monitor for subsequent dynamic adjustment. The recorded urination data provides an important basis for subsequent dynamic adjustment, ensuring the optimization and personalization of the treatment plan. By analyzing these data, the urodynamic monitor can dynamically adjust the pressure gradient, optimize the treatment plan, and improve the rehabilitation effect of patients.

[0096] S4. Dynamic adjustment: Dynamically adjust the pressure gradient and optimize the training plan according to the real-time data during the training process and the patient's feedback.

[0097] S41. Through the urodynamic monitor, gradually adjust the pressure gradient according to the patient's tolerance during the pressure training process. The urodynamic monitor real-time monitors the patient's tolerance, including uroflow rate, residual urine volume, pain threshold, and urgency. Based on these real-time data, the urodynamic monitor gradually adjusts the pressure gradient to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the treatment process. The assessment of tolerance is carried out through comprehensive analysis of the patient's physiological data and subjective feedback to ensure the scientificity and safety of the adjustment process. Gradually adjusting the pressure gradient helps the patient gradually adapt to the training process and reduce discomfort.

[0098] S42. The urodynamic monitor quantifies the patient's tolerance ability through a tolerance score calculation formula. The urodynamic monitor uses the tolerance score calculation formula to quantify the patient's tolerance ability. The tolerance score formula is: Tolerance score = 0.6×(V baseline ÷V flow ) + 0.4×(1 - V baseline ÷R residual ) + 0.2×pain threshold + 0.2×urgency; where V flow is the uroflow rate, V baseline is the baseline uroflow rate, and R residual is the residual urine volume; the tolerance score ensures the objectivity and consistency of the assessment results by comprehensively evaluating indicators such as the patient's uroflow rate, residual urine volume, pain threshold, and urgency.

[0099] Regarding the urgency, it is quantitatively expressed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The patient marks the intensity of their urgency on a 10-cm straight line, where 0 indicates no urgency and 10 indicates the strongest urgency;

[0100] The pain threshold refers to the minimum stimulus intensity that elicits a pain sensation. In clinical evaluations, the pain threshold can be quantified through a mechanical pain threshold test (Von Frey filament test): a series of Von Frey filaments with different intensities are used to sequentially stimulate the patient's skin from low to high, and the minimum intensity that causes a pain response is recorded. The Von Frey filament test is a standardized pain threshold assessment method that can accurately measure the patient's mechanical pain threshold.

[0101] That is, using the VAS or frequency-severity scoring method, the urgency sensation is quantified as a value from 0 to 10; using the Von Frey filament test or heat pain threshold test, the pain threshold is quantified as a specific value. The calculation formula for the tolerance score is determined based on clinical experience and data statistics to ensure its scientificity and effectiveness; the urodynamic monitor calibrates the initial pressure gradient recommended value P suggested to obtain the calibrated pressure gradient value P calibrated ;

[0102] The expression of the pressure gradient calibration algorithm is: P calibrated = P suggested ×β×(V baseline ÷V tolerance )γ×g(genetic factor ), where β and γ are calibration factors that are dynamically adjusted according to the patient's tolerance and historical data; V tolerance is the patient's tolerated urine flow rate; g(genetic factor ) is the genetic factor adjustment coefficient that is dynamically adjusted according to the patient's genetic background, reflecting the influence of genetic factors on pressure calibration;

[0103] S43. When the tolerance score is less than 0.5, the urodynamic monitor issues a warning. The warning mechanism ensures that when the patient's tolerance decreases, medical staff can respond in a timely manner to avoid over-stimulating the bladder and ensure the safety of the treatment process.

[0104] S44. Through the urodynamic monitor, the process of repeated pressure training and dynamic adjustment is carried out until the patient's bladder capacity and emptying efficiency reach the expected goals; repeated training and adjustment ensure the optimization and personalization of the treatment plan and improve the patient's rehabilitation effect.

[0105] S45. Introduce a machine learning model. Through the urodynamic monitor, the weights ω and the pressure gradient P calibrated are dynamically adjusted according to the patient's long-term health data and real-time feedback; at the same time, through the urodynamic monitor, the comprehensive adjustment strategy generation algorithm is used to comprehensively evaluate the initial pressure gradient recommended value P suggested and the calibrated pressure gradient value P calibrated , and the final dynamic adjustment strategy S final; The expression of the comprehensive adjustment strategy generation algorithm is: S final = ω × ln(P suggested ) + (1 - ω) × exp(P calibrated ) where ω is a dynamic weight, dynamically adjusted according to long-term health data to balance the contributions of the preliminary recommended value and the calibration value in the final adjustment strategy;

[0106] S46. Use the reinforcement learning algorithm to automatically optimize the adjustment strategy according to the patient's treatment history through the urodynamic monitor. The reinforcement learning algorithm automatically adjusts the pressure gradient and optimizes the treatment plan by analyzing the patient's treatment history and real-time feedback. For example, through the Q-learning algorithm, the system can automatically adjust the pressure gradient according to the patient's real-time feedback and optimize the strategy according to the treatment history to achieve personalized treatment.

[0107] Application of the Q-learning algorithm in pressure gradient adjustment: Q-learning is a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm that evaluates the value of actions by iteratively updating the state-action value (Q-value). Its core idea is to learn a Q-value table to determine which action to take in a given state to obtain the maximum cumulative reward; in the present invention, the Q-learning algorithm is used to automatically adjust the pressure gradient according to the patient's real-time feedback and optimize the strategy according to the treatment history to achieve personalized treatment. The following are the specific implementation steps: The system initializes a Q-value table to store the Q-values of each action in each state. The initial Q-values are usually set to 0. The size of the Q-value table depends on the sizes of the state space and the action space. In the present invention, the state can include the patient's real-time physiological data (such as urine flow rate, residual urine volume, pain threshold, etc.), and the action can include different pressure gradient adjustment strategies.

[0108] Selecting an action: ε-greedy strategy. When the system selects an action at each time step, it adopts the ε-greedy strategy. That is, it randomly selects an action with probability ε and selects the action with the highest Q-value in the current state with probability 1 - ε. The ε-greedy strategy balances exploration (randomly selecting actions) and exploitation (selecting the action with the highest Q-value), ensuring that the system can both explore new strategies and exploit known optimal strategies during the learning process.

[0109] Execute an action, obtain an immediate reward and the next state; the system adjusts the pressure gradient according to the selected action, then obtains the patient's real-time feedback (such as urine flow rate, residual urine volume, pain threshold, etc.), and calculates the immediate reward based on this feedback. The system records the next state, that is, the physiological state of the patient under the adjusted pressure gradient. The immediate reward can be designed according to the patient's tolerance and treatment effect. For example, if the patient urinates smoothly and feels no discomfort under the adjusted pressure gradient, the reward can be set as a positive value; if the patient feels discomfort or urination is not smooth, the reward can be set as a negative value. The system updates the Q-value according to the following formula: Q(s,a)←Q(s,a)+α×[r+γ×max(Q(s′,a′))-Q(s,a)], where:

[0110] Q(s,a) is the Q-value of taking action a in the current state s; α is the learning rate, which controls the speed of Q-value update; r is the immediate reward; γ is the discount factor, which controls the discount rate of future rewards; s′ is the next state; a′ is the action that may be taken in the next state s′; the Q-value update formula dynamically adjusts the current Q-value by combining the immediate reward and the future maximum Q-value to ensure that the system can learn the optimal strategy; the system updates the current state to the next state according to the patient's real-time feedback, and continues to select actions, execute actions, obtain rewards, and update the Q-value; state transition is the core part of the Q-learning algorithm. Through continuous state transitions and Q-value updates, the system can gradually learn the optimal strategy; the system selects the optimal action according to the updated Q-value table at each time step, and gradually optimizes the treatment strategy; through the Q-learning algorithm, the system can automatically adjust the pressure gradient according to the patient's real-time feedback and optimize the strategy according to the treatment history to achieve personalized treatment.

[0111] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation system, characterized in that, It includes a urodynamic monitor, a pressure sensor, a uroflow rate sensor, a residual urine volume sensor, an automatic valve control module, a disposable urine bag, a catheter, and an environmental sensor.

2. The progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation system according to claim 1, wherein: The urodynamic monitor is connected to the pressure sensor, uroflow rate sensor, residual urine volume sensor, and automatic valve control module through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the urodynamic monitor is responsible for receiving real-time data from the sensors, running a dynamic adjustment algorithm, generating control instructions, displaying real-time data and training progress, storing historical data for subsequent analysis, running a machine learning model, and optimizing the dynamic adjustment strategy; The pressure sensor is installed between the catheter and the urine bag and is in direct contact with urine, and is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the pressure sensor is responsible for real-time monitoring of the intravesical pressure, transmitting pressure data to the urodynamic monitor, providing high-precision pressure measurement, performing regular calibration to optimize data accuracy, and performing error compensation according to environmental changes; The uroflow rate sensor is installed on the catheter and is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the uroflow rate sensor is responsible for monitoring the flow rate of urine through the catheter, transmitting uroflow rate data to the urodynamic monitor, and working in cooperation with the residual urine volume sensor to provide a comprehensive assessment of micturition efficiency; The residual urine volume sensor is installed on the urine bag and is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the residual urine volume sensor is responsible for monitoring changes in the urine volume in the urine bag, evaluating the residual urine volume after urination, transmitting residual urine volume data to the urodynamic monitor, and working in cooperation with the uroflow rate sensor to provide a comprehensive assessment of micturition efficiency; The automatic valve control module is installed on the pipeline between the catheter and the urine bag and receives control instructions from the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the automatic valve control module is responsible for controlling the discharge of urine according to the instructions of the urodynamic monitor, simulating the natural micturition process, and providing emergency adjustment operations; The disposable urine bag is connected to the catheter through a sterile pipeline, and the disposable urine bag is responsible for collecting urine and cooperating with the pressure sensor and the residual urine volume sensor; One end of the catheter is connected to the bladder, and the other end is connected to the urine bag through a sterile pipeline; the catheter is responsible for guiding the urine in the bladder to the urine bag and serving as a channel for pressure conduction; The environmental sensor is installed near the device, monitors the operating environment, and is connected to the urodynamic monitor through a data transmission line or wireless communication; the environmental sensor is responsible for monitoring the environmental temperature and humidity, providing environmental change compensation data, and serving as error compensation for the pressure sensor.

3. Progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation method, applied to the progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation system according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Initial setting: Perform system initialization, including device connection and baseline data collection; S2. Pressure gradient setting: Set the initial pressure gradient and the increasing stage according to the baseline data and patient characteristics; S3. Pressure training: Perform bladder function training according to the set pressure gradient to simulate the natural micturition process; S4. Dynamic adjustment: Dynamically adjust the pressure gradient according to the real-time data and patient feedback during the training process to optimize the training plan.

4. The progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S1. Initial setting includes the following sub-steps: S11. Insert a urinary catheter into the patient's bladder and connect it to a disposable urine bag with a pressure sensor. S12. Start the urodynamic monitor and check that all sensors and the automatic valve control module are properly connected; the sensors include a pressure sensor, a urine flow rate sensor, and a residual urine volume sensor. S13. Use the timed mode of the urodynamic monitor to record the patient's urine flow rate, urine output, and residual urine volume over a certain period of time, record data every 10 minutes for 1 hour continuously, and take the average as the baseline data. S14. Record the patient's subjective feelings through the urodynamic monitor, including the frequency of urinary urgency and the color of urine. S15. Evaluate the patient's anxiety level through the urodynamic monitor and record the psychological assessment results. S16. Establish baseline data for the patient's bladder function in the urodynamic monitor to provide a reference for subsequent pressure gradient setting.

5. The progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation method according to claim 3, wherein: The above S2, pressure gradient setting includes the following sub-steps: S21. According to the baseline data recorded on the first day, combined with the patient's gender, bladder capacity and physical condition, determine the initial recommended value P of the pressure gradient through a urodynamic monitor suggested ; the maximum pressure gradient set for male patients is 25 cmH2O, and for female patients is 20 cmH2O; The expression of the preliminary pressure gradient evaluation algorithm is: P suggested = P baseline + α × (P real-time - P baseline ), where: P baseline is the baseline pressure value, which is the reference pressure measured according to the initial state of the patient; P real-time is the intravesical pressure for real-time monitoring; α is an adjustment coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the patient's health condition; where α = α base × f(health status ), where α base is the reference adjustment coefficient, which is a preset constant value; f(health status ) is the health status adjustment factor, which is dynamically adjusted according to the patient's medical history and reflects the impact of the patient's health status on stress adjustment; S22. Divide the pressure gradient into 5 increasing stages through the urodynamic monitor, and the pressure value of each stage is gradually increased according to the patient's specific situation; for patients with a larger bladder capacity, the pressure increment for each stage is set to 3 cmH2O; for patients with a smaller bladder capacity, the pressure increment for each stage is set to 2 cmH2O. S23. Add an emergency adjustment strategy through the urodynamic monitor in each increasing stage; when the patient's tolerance score is continuously lower than 0.3 for 3 times, the system automatically reduces the pressure gradient of the current stage and extends the time of this stage. S24. On the basis of step S23, the urodynamic monitor reminds the medical staff to conduct a further assessment.

6. The progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The above S3, pressure training includes the following sub-steps: S31. The pressure sensor continuously monitors the intravesical pressure and transmits the data to the urodynamic monitor. S32. The urine flow rate sensor and the residual urine volume sensor work together to provide a comprehensive assessment of micturition efficiency. S33. When the intravesical pressure reaches the set pressure threshold, the urodynamic monitor sends an instruction to the automatic valve control module. S34. The automatic valve control module opens the valve to drain urine according to the instruction, simulating the natural micturition process. S35. Record the urine flow rate, urine output, and residual urine volume of each micturition through the urodynamic monitor as the basis for subsequent dynamic adjustment.

7. The progressive dynamic pressure gradient bladder function regulation method according to claim 3, wherein: The above S4, dynamic adjustment includes the following sub-steps: S41. Gradually adjust the pressure gradient through the urodynamic monitor according to the patient's tolerance during the pressure training process; the tolerance includes urine flow rate, residual urine volume, pain threshold, and urinary urgency. S42. The urodynamic monitor quantifies the patient's tolerance through a tolerance score calculation formula. The urodynamic monitor calibrates the preliminary pressure gradient recommended value P suggested through a pressure gradient calibration algorithm to obtain the calibrated pressure gradient value P calibrated ; The tolerance score calculation formula is: Tolerance score = 0.6×(V baseline ÷V flow ) + 0.4×(1 - V baseline ÷R residual ) + 0.2×pain threshold + 0.2×urgency of urination; Where V flow is the urinary flow rate, V baseline is the baseline urinary flow rate, and R residual is the residual urine volume; The expression of the pressure gradient calibration algorithm is: P calibrated = P suggested ×β×(V baseline ÷V tolerance )γ×g(genetic factor ), where β and γ are calibration factors that are dynamically adjusted according to patient tolerance and historical data; V tolerance is the tolerated urine flow rate of the patient. g (genetic factor ) is the genetic factor adjustment coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the patient's genetic background and reflects the influence of genetic factors on stress calibration; S43. When the tolerance score is lower than 0.5, the urodynamic monitor issues a warning. S44. Repeat the process of pressure training and dynamic adjustment through the urodynamic monitor until the patient's bladder capacity and emptying efficiency reach the expected goals. S45. Introduce a machine learning model, and dynamically adjust the weight ω and the pressure gradient P according to the patient's long-term health data and real-time feedback through a urodynamic monitor calibrated ; Meanwhile, use a comprehensive adjustment strategy generation algorithm through the urodynamic monitor to comprehensively evaluate the preliminary pressure gradient recommended value P suggested and the calibrated pressure gradient value P calibrated , and generate the final dynamic adjustment strategy S final ; The expression of the comprehensive adjustment strategy generation algorithm is as follows: S final = ω × ln(P suggested ) + (1 - ω) × exp(P calibrated ) Among them, ω is the dynamic weight, which is dynamically adjusted according to long-term health data to balance the contributions of the preliminary recommendation value and the calibration value in the final adjustment strategy. S46. Use a reinforcement learning algorithm to automatically optimize the adjustment strategy through the urodynamic monitor according to the patient's treatment history.

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