Special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation and a preparation method thereof. The special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation provided by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials: bean stalks, astragalus sinicus green manure, livestock and poultry manure, auxiliary materials and a plant source extract, the auxiliary materials comprise plant ash, manioc waste, humic acid, zeolite powder, bacillus subtilis and aspergillus oryzae; the plant source extract comprises a garlic extract and an isatis root extract; through temperature control segmentation, the decomposition efficiency and the activity of functional bacteria are considered, cellulose is rapidly degraded and harmful organisms are killed in the high-temperature stage, bacillus subtilis is introduced in the medium-temperature fermentation stage, then lignin degradation is dominated, the humic acid generation amount is increased, aspergillus oryzae is introduced in the low-temperature fermentation stage, and phosphorus, potassium and other nutritional ingredients are activated; the organic fertilizer suitable for the action of the rice beans is prepared.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and more specifically relates to a special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rice-bean rotation is an important agricultural planting mode. By alternately planting rice and leguminous crops in different seasons or years, it can effectively improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Currently, most fertilizers on the market are mainly designed for single crops and lack comprehensive consideration of this special planting mode of rice-bean rotation. For example, rice growth requires a large amount of nitrogen, while leguminous crops rely more on phosphorus and potassium elements. If traditional single fertilizers are used, the nutrient requirements of a certain crop may not be met, affecting the overall yield and quality. And long-term single fertilization is likely to cause problems such as soil compaction and acidification. Especially during the rice-bean rotation process, due to the different requirements of the two crops for the soil environment, existing fertilizers are difficult to simultaneously take into account the soil improvement needs of both.

[0003] Rice-bean rotation requires a relatively high level of soil organic matter to maintain good soil structure and microbial activity. However, the long-term application of traditional chemical fertilizers will reduce the soil organic matter content and affect soil health. Although there are some organic fertilizers on the market, their nutrient release cannot meet the growth needs of crops in a timely manner. And some fertilizers will cause certain environmental pollution problems during production and application. For example, excessive application of chemical fertilizers will lead to eutrophication of water bodies and accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. This poses a threat to the sustainable development of rice-bean rotation.

[0004] It can be seen that there is a lack of fertilizers specifically designed for rice-bean rotation in existing fertilizers, which cannot meet the different nutrient requirements of the two crops. Due to their single functionality, while focusing on providing nutrients, they neglect functions such as soil improvement and microbial regulation, and it is difficult to comprehensively solve the problems in rice-bean rotation.

[0005] How to prepare a special organic fertilizer suitable for rice-bean rotation, which can ensure that both crops can obtain sufficient nutrients according to the characteristics of rice-bean rotation, and at the same time can have a certain soil improvement effect to promote the virtuous cycle of rice-bean rotation has become a difficult problem that needs to be overcome by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and achieve the virtuous cycle of rice-bean rotation.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] One of the technical solutions of the present invention: Provide a special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation. By mass, the raw materials include:

[0009] 200 - 400 parts of bean straw, 150 - 300 parts of Chinese milk vetch green manure, 100 - 200 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 170.2 - 300.4 parts of auxiliary materials, and 3 - 4 parts of plant-derived extract;

[0010] The auxiliary materials include plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae;

[0011] The plant-derived extract includes garlic extract and isatis root extract.

[0012] The special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation provided by the present invention takes into account the synchronous improvement of nutrient supply, soil improvement, and disease resistance in the formulation ratio. Bean straw, Chinese milk vetch green manure, and livestock and poultry manure are used as core raw materials. Among them, bean straw provides cellulose and rhizobia, enhancing nitrogen fixation ability and being suitable for supplementing soil nitrogen after stubble. Chinese milk vetch green manure is rich in nitrogen and flavonoids, which can promote microbial activity and improve soil structure. Livestock and poultry manure is a source of quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus, which can balance the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) and accelerate decomposition. Among the auxiliary materials, plant ash provides potassium elements and adjusts the soil pH. Cassava residue increases organic matter and improves air permeability. Humic acid enhances soil aggregate structure and improves fertility retention. Zeolite powder adsorbs nutrients and reduces loss. Microbial agents promote the decomposition of organic matter and inhibit soil-borne diseases. In the plant-derived extract, garlic and isatis root have a synergistic antibacterial effect, reducing pests and diseases and reducing the dependence on chemical pesticides.

[0013] Further, the mass ratio of the plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae is 80 - 150:30 - 50:10 - 20:50 - 80:0.1 - 0.2:0.1 - 0.2.

[0014] Further, the mass ratio of the garlic extract and the isatis root extract is 1.5 - 2:1.5 - 2.

[0015] Another technical solution of the present invention: Provide a preparation method of the above special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation. The steps include:

[0016] Crush the bean straw and mix it evenly with Chinese milk vetch green manure and livestock and poultry manure. After adjusting the moisture content to 50 - 60%, carry out composting treatment to obtain a composted product;

[0017] Add plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, and Bacillus subtilis to the composted product, mix evenly and carry out the first fermentation treatment to obtain a first fermentation product;

[0018] Add Aspergillus oryzae, zeolite powder, garlic extract and isatis root extract to the first fermentation product, mix evenly, and perform a second fermentation treatment to obtain the special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation.

[0019] Further, the particle size of the crushed bean straw is 2 - 3 cm.

[0020] Further, the temperature of the composting treatment is 55 - 65 °C, and the time is 7 - 14 days.

[0021] Further, the temperature of the first fermentation treatment is 35 - 45 °C, and the time is 5 - 10 days.

[0022] Further, the temperature of the second fermentation treatment is 30 - 40 °C, and the time is 5 - 10 days.

[0023] Further, it also includes the steps of granulating and drying the material after the second fermentation treatment.

[0024] Optionally, the drying temperature is 40 - 50 °C, and it is dried until the moisture content is 20 - 25%.

[0025] In the preparation method of the present invention, the high-temperature composting treatment can kill potential eggs and pathogens in the raw materials. Subsequently, some auxiliary materials are added in the medium-temperature first fermentation treatment to accelerate the degradation of lignin. Finally, under the low-temperature second fermentation treatment, the activation of phosphorus and potassium is promoted.

[0026] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0027] The special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation of the present invention, through the core raw materials of bean straw, milk vetch green manure and livestock manure, supplemented with auxiliary materials and plant-derived extracts, can meet the different requirements of rice-bean rotation. Among them, the milk vetch green manure and livestock manure work together to quickly release nitrogen and meet the nitrogen demand during the tillering stage of rice. After the bean straw decomposes, it provides slow-release nitrogen and nitrogen fixation by rhizobia, supplemented with plant ash (quick-acting potassium) and zeolite powder (phosphorus preservation), ensuring the supply of phosphorus and potassium during the pod-setting stage of broad beans. The combination of cassava residue and livestock manure maintains C / N≈25, avoiding the competition of microorganisms for soil nitrogen.

[0028] The special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation provided by the present invention also has excellent soil improvement effects. Among them, the combination of cassava residue and humic acid synergistically increases soil porosity. The humic acid-zeolite powder complex forms stable aggregates, improving the water holding capacity of the soil. Plant ash can adjust the soil acidity and alkalinity, zeolite powder adsorbs base ions, reducing the risk of salinization. Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae activate indigenous microorganisms, significantly enhancing soil enzyme activity.

[0029] The present invention directly inhibits pathogenic bacteria (such as Fusarium and Phytophthora) using plant-derived extracts (allicin and isatis root), and Bacillus subtilis secretes antibacterial lipopeptides to form a biological barrier, significantly reducing the incidence of soil-borne diseases and reducing the usage of chemical pesticides; humic acid enhances the antioxidant enzyme activity of roots, and zeolite powder adsorbs heavy metals, reducing the risk of heavy metal intake by crops.

[0030] Most of the raw materials selected in the present invention are waste materials, such as soybean stalks, manure, cassava residues, etc. In the preparation process, temperature control is segmented to balance the composting efficiency and the activity of functional bacteria. Cellulose is rapidly degraded at the high-temperature stage to kill harmful organisms. Bacillus subtilis is introduced in the medium-temperature fermentation stage to then dominate the degradation of lignin and increase the production of humic acid. Aspergillus oryzae is introduced in the low-temperature fermentation stage to activate nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium.

[0031] Through the synergistic functions of raw materials, optimized process segmentation, and dynamic nutrient matching, the present invention realizes a closed loop of "efficient nutrient utilization - soil health maintenance - crop stress resistance improvement - ecological risk reduction" in rice-bean rotation, breaking the single function of traditional fertilizers and providing a comprehensive solution for rice-bean rotation that combines agricultural yield increase, soil remediation, and environmental friendliness. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] The various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0033] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0035] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the specification of the present invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are merely exemplary.

[0036] Regarding the terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. used herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0037] It should be noted that the aspects not described in detail in the present invention are all conventional operating means in the art and are not the focus of the present invention.

[0038] Both the normal temperature and room temperature involved in the specific embodiments of the present invention are 20 - 30 °C.

[0039] All "parts" involved in the specific embodiments of the present invention refer to "parts by mass".

[0040] The raw materials and reagents used in the specific embodiments of the present invention are all commercially available products, and the purchase channels do not affect the realization of the technical effects.

[0041] The Bacillus subtilis used in the specific embodiments of the present invention is purchased from Guangdong Mingtong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the bacterial content is not less than 10 11 cfu / g; the Aspergillus oryzae used is purchased from Jinan Rongzheng Chemical Co., Ltd., and the bacterial content is not less than 10 10 cfu / g.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, a special organic fertilizer for rice - bean rotation is provided. By mass, the raw materials include:

[0043] 200 - 400 parts of bean straws, 150 - 300 parts of milk vetch green manure, 100 - 200 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 170.2 - 300.4 parts of auxiliary materials, and 3 - 4 parts of plant - derived extracts;

[0044] The auxiliary materials include plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae;

[0045] The plant - derived extracts include garlic extract and isatis root extract.

[0046] The bean straws used as raw materials in the present invention are the straws after harvesting leguminous crops. They are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and a small amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. They can slowly release organic matter, improve soil structure. The residues of symbiotic nitrogen - fixing bacteria in the roots of leguminous plants can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, promote the growth of subsequent crops, and regulate the soil carbon - nitrogen ratio through decomposition, providing an energy source for microbial activities.

[0047] The milk vetch green manure used in the raw materials of the present invention is the stems and leaves of the milk vetch, a leguminous green manure crop. It has a strong nitrogen fixation ability, symbiotically fixes atmospheric nitrogen with rhizobia through its roots, significantly improves the soil nitrogen level, can supplement organic matter, reduce the dependence on chemical nitrogen fertilizers, and at the same time can improve soil permeability, alleviate continuous cropping obstacles, and create favorable conditions for crop growth.

[0048] The livestock and poultry manure used in the raw materials of the present invention is derived from livestock and poultry excreta such as chicken manure, cow manure, and pig manure (cow manure is used as an exemplary illustration in specific examples and comparative examples). It can provide high-concentration organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, quickly supplement soil nutrients, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity, and produce humic acid during the fermentation process, stimulating the development of crop roots.

[0049] The plant ash used in the raw materials of the present invention is the ash after plant combustion. It is rich in mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium, regulates the soil pH (weak alkaline), alleviates acidification, and can also inhibit soil-borne pathogens, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases.

[0050] The cassava residue used in the raw materials of the present invention is the residue after cassava processing. It regulates the carbon-nitrogen ratio of compost as a carbon source, promotes fermentation efficiency, and its loose and porous structure can improve soil air permeability and prevent soil compaction.

[0051] The humic acid used in the raw materials of the present invention is an extract of natural lignite and weathered coal. It can chelate soil nutrients, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, reduce loss, stimulate the growth of crop roots, and enhance stress resistance (such as drought resistance and salt-alkali resistance).

[0052] The zeolite powder used in the raw materials of the present invention is a pulverized product of natural zeolite minerals. It has a porous structure to adsorb ammonium nitrogen and potassium ions, release fertilizers slowly, reduce nutrient loss, and can also regulate soil moisture and enhance moisture retention capacity.

[0053] The Bacillus subtilis used in the raw materials of the present invention can decompose cellulose and lignin, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, and secrete antibacterial substances to inhibit soil-borne diseases (such as Fusarium and damping-off).

[0054] The Aspergillus oryzae used in the raw materials of the present invention can efficiently decompose complex organic substances such as proteins and starches, release available nutrients, promote the humification of compost, and form stable organic matter.

[0055] The garlic extract used in the raw materials of the present invention is the active ingredient in garlic bulbs (such as allicin). It has a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral effect, can prevent and control soil-borne diseases such as root rot and nematodes, and can repel underground pests (such as grubs and mole crickets), reducing the use of chemical pesticides. It can be a commercially available product or self-made. The following gives an exemplary preparation step:

[0056] Select fresh and plump garlic bulbs, crush them at low temperature (crush them to 0.5 - 1 mm particles with a tissue grinder at 4°C), immediately add 0.2% vitamin C solution (solid - liquid ratio 1:3) after crushing, keep it in a constant - temperature water bath at 37°C for 30 minutes, extract it in stages with temperature control using a mixed solution of 60% ethanol + 0.5% Tween 80 (solid - liquid ratio 1:5), then centrifuge at 5000 rpm at low temperature for 15 minutes to collect the supernatant. The obtained supernatant is subjected to three - stage molecular distillation at 60°C and 0.5 Pa pressure, and purified by removing macromolecular impurities using a 10 kDa ultrafiltration membrane, then rotary evaporate at 40°C to 1 / 5 of the original volume, and finally add 0.1% tocopherol + 0.05% β - cyclodextrin composite stabilizer to obtain garlic extract;

[0057] Among them, the first stage of the extraction with temperature control in stages is ultrasonic - assisted extraction (40 kHz) at 45°C for 30 minutes; the second stage is low - temperature extraction at 4°C for 12 hours (to prevent the decomposition of heat - sensitive components).

[0058] The Isatis root extract used as the raw material in the present invention is the active ingredient (such as indole compounds) in the roots of Isatis root, which can enhance the immunity of crops, improve the disease resistance (such as virus disease, leaf spot disease), promote root development, coordinate nutrient absorption and metabolism, and can be a commercially available product or a self - made one. The following gives an exemplary preparation step:

[0059] Coarsely crush 3 - year - old cultivated Isatis root into 2 - 3 mm particles, dry it at 50°C for 4 hours, use 60% ethanol solution with a solid - liquid ratio of 1:8, reflux in a water bath at 70°C for 2 hours, then filter through double - layer filter paper to collect the extract and the filter residue; repeat the extraction of the filter residue with a 1:6 solvent (60% ethanol solution) for 1 hour, and filter through double - layer filter paper to collect the extract; combine the two extracts, concentrate under reduced pressure at 50°C to 1 / 5 of the original volume, add 10% ethyl acetate of the volume of the concentrated solution, mix well, then let it stand for stratification and take the lower aqueous phase, and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 60°C to obtain Isatis root extract.

[0060] This organic fertilizer combines the processes of organic matter mineralization and humification, takes into account the supply of quick - acting and long - acting nutrients, and at the same time realizes disease prevention and control and soil improvement through microorganisms and plant extracts, meeting the nutrient cycling and ecological sustainable needs in the rice - bean rotation system.

[0061] In some specific embodiments, the mass ratio of the plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae is 80 - 150:30 - 50:10 - 20:50 - 80:0.1 - 0.2:0.1 - 0.2.

[0062] In some specific embodiments, the mass ratio of the garlic extract and the Isatis root extract is 1.5 - 2:1.5 - 2.

[0063] In some specific embodiments, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation, and the steps include:

[0064] After crushing the bean stalks, mix them evenly with milk vetch green manure and livestock manure. After adjusting the moisture content to 50-60%, carry out composting treatment to obtain a composted product;

[0065] Add plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid and Bacillus subtilis to the composted product, mix evenly and carry out the first fermentation treatment to obtain a first fermentation product;

[0066] Add Aspergillus oryzae, zeolite powder, garlic extract and isatis root extract to the first fermentation product, mix evenly, and carry out the second fermentation treatment to obtain the special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation.

[0067] In some specific embodiments, the particle size of the crushed bean stalks is 2-3 cm.

[0068] In some specific embodiments, the temperature of the composting treatment is 55-65 °C and the time is 7-14 days.

[0069] In some specific embodiments, the temperature of the first fermentation treatment is 35-45 °C and the time is 5-10 days.

[0070] In some specific embodiments, the temperature of the second fermentation treatment is 30-40 °C and the time is 5-10 days.

[0071] In some specific embodiments, it further includes the steps of granulating and drying the material after the second fermentation treatment.

[0072] In some specific embodiments, the temperature of the drying is 40-50 °C, and it is dried until the moisture content is 20-25%.

[0073] In the preparation method of the present invention, the crushing of soybean stalks can increase the specific surface area, accelerate the contact and decomposition efficiency of microorganisms, and at the same time retain the activity of rhizobia (if the particle size is too large, the decomposition is slow, and if it is too small, it is easy to be compacted and affect the air permeability). The moisture content is controlled at 50-60%, which is the optimal humidity for microorganisms. Below 40% inhibits decomposition, and above 70% leads to anaerobic fermentation. During the high-temperature composting process, temperatures above 55°C can inactivate pathogenic bacteria (such as Escherichia coli), eggs, and weed seeds (such as barnyard grass), promote the decomposition of soybean stalk cellulose by thermophilic bacteria (such as actinomycetes) (decomposition rate > 80%), generate precursor substances of humic acid, and the milk vetch green manure releases flavonoids (such as quercetin) at high temperatures, activating the nitrogen fixation genes of rhizobia and enhancing the nitrogen fixation potential of the soil for subsequent crops. The temperature of medium-temperature fermentation (the first fermentation treatment) is suitable for the activity of Bacillus subtilis, which secretes cellulase and lignin peroxidase to further decompose stubborn lignin. High-carbon organic matter (C / N ≈ 80) is supplemented through cassava residue to balance the excess available nitrogen in the early stage, maintain C / N ≈ 25-30, prevent nitrogen volatilization, and the condensation of lignin degradation products and microbial metabolites generates humic acid, enhancing the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. The plant ash neutralizes acidic metabolites, maintains the pH of the pile at 7.0-7.5, optimizes the microbial activity, and Bacillus subtilis and humic acid form a "bacteria-acid complex" to promote the formation of soil aggregate structure; the porous structure of cassava residue adsorbs ammonia (NH3), reducing nitrogen loss. During the low-temperature activation (the second fermentation treatment), Aspergillus oryzae secretes acid phosphatase and phytase, releasing phosphorus and potassium (the available phosphorus is increased by 15-20%, and the potassium activation rate > 85%). The porous zeolite fixes ammonium nitrogen (NH4 + ) and available potassium (K + ), reducing leaching loss and prolonging the fertilizer effect. The low temperature avoids the degradation of allicin (heat-sensitive) and radix isatidis alkaloids, retaining the antibacterial activity. Bacillus subtilis (in the early stage) and Aspergillus oryzae (in the later stage) decompose in relays, avoiding interspecies competition and improving the degree of composting. Zeolite powder serves as a microbial carrier, prolonging the survival period of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae; garlic extract inhibits pathogenic bacteria but has no significant effect on functional bacteria, forming a selective antibacterial environment.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] The preparation steps of the special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation include:

[0076] S1. By mass, prepare the following raw materials: 300 parts of soybean stalks, 200 parts of milk vetch green manure, 150 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 215.3 parts of auxiliary materials, and 3.5 parts of plant-derived extract;

[0077] Among them, the auxiliary materials are plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae with a mass ratio of 100:40:15:60:0.1:0.2; the plant-derived extract is garlic extract and radix isatidis extract with a mass ratio of 1.5:2;

[0078] S2. Crush the soybean stalks (about 2 - 3 cm) and mix them evenly with milk vetch green manure and livestock manure. Adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and carry out composting treatment (temperature between 55 - 65 °C, time is 14 days) to obtain the composted product;

[0079] S3. Add plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid and Bacillus subtilis to the composted product, mix evenly and carry out the first fermentation treatment (temperature between 35 - 45 °C, time is 10 days) to obtain the first fermentation product;

[0080] S4. Add Aspergillus oryzae, zeolite powder, garlic extract and isatis root extract to the first fermentation product, mix evenly, and carry out the second fermentation treatment (temperature between 30 - 40 °C, time is 10 days). Then granulate and dry the second fermentation product (temperature between 40 - 50 °C, moisture content between 20 - 25%) to obtain the special organic fertilizer for rice - bean rotation.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] The preparation steps of the special organic fertilizer for rice - bean rotation include:

[0083] S1. By mass, prepare the following raw materials: 200 parts of soybean stalks, 150 parts of milk vetch green manure, 100 parts of livestock manure, 170.2 parts of auxiliary materials and 3 parts of plant - derived extract;

[0084] Among them, the auxiliary materials are plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae with a mass ratio of 80:30:10:50:0.1:0.1; the plant - derived extract is garlic extract and isatis root extract with a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5;

[0085] S2. Crush the soybean stalks (about 2 - 3 cm) and mix them evenly with milk vetch green manure and livestock manure. Adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and carry out composting treatment (temperature between 55 - 65 °C, time is 10 days) to obtain the composted product;

[0086] S3. Add plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid and Bacillus subtilis to the composted product, mix evenly and carry out the first fermentation treatment (temperature between 35 - 45 °C, time is 7 days) to obtain the first fermentation product;

[0087] S4. Add Aspergillus oryzae, zeolite powder, garlic extract and isatis root extract to the first fermentation product, mix evenly, and carry out the second fermentation treatment (temperature between 30 - 40 °C, time is 8 days). Then granulate and dry the second fermentation product (temperature between 40 - 50 °C, moisture content between 20 - 25%) to obtain the special organic fertilizer for rice - bean rotation.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] The preparation steps of the special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation include:

[0090] S1. By mass, prepare the following raw materials: 400 parts of bean straws, 300 parts of Chinese milk vetch green manure, 200 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 300.4 parts of auxiliary materials, and 4 parts of plant extracts;

[0091] Among them, the auxiliary materials are plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae with a mass ratio of 8150:50:20:80:0.2:0.2; the plant extracts are garlic extract and isatis root extract with a mass ratio of 2:2;

[0092] S2. After crushing the bean straws (about 2 - 3 cm), mix them evenly with Chinese milk vetch green manure and livestock and poultry manure, adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and carry out composting treatment (at a temperature between 55 - 65°C for 7 days) to obtain a composted product;

[0093] S3. Add plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, and Bacillus subtilis to the composted product, mix them evenly and carry out the first fermentation treatment (at a temperature between 35 - 45°C for 5 days) to obtain the first fermentation product;

[0094] S4. Add Aspergillus oryzae, zeolite powder, garlic extract, and isatis root extract to the first fermentation product, mix them evenly, and carry out the second fermentation treatment (at a temperature between 30 - 40°C for 5 days). Subsequently, granulate and dry the second fermentation product (at a temperature between 40 - 50°C and a moisture content between 20 - 25%) to obtain the special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation.

[0095] Comparative Example 1

[0096] The preparation steps of the organic fertilizer include (reducing the addition of plant extracts):

[0097] S1. By mass, prepare the following raw materials: 300 parts of bean straws, 200 parts of Chinese milk vetch green manure, 150 parts of livestock and poultry manure, and 215.3 parts of auxiliary materials;

[0098] Among them, the auxiliary materials are plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae with a mass ratio of 100:40:15:60:0.1:0.2;

[0099] S2. After crushing the bean straws (about 2 - 3 cm), mix them evenly with Chinese milk vetch green manure and livestock and poultry manure, adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and carry out composting treatment (at a temperature between 55 - 65°C for 14 days) to obtain a composted product;

[0100] S3. Add plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid and Bacillus subtilis to the composted product, mix evenly and conduct the first fermentation treatment (temperature between 35 - 45°C, time is 10 days) to obtain the first fermentation product;

[0101] S4. Add Aspergillus oryzae and zeolite powder to the first fermentation product, mix evenly, conduct the second fermentation treatment (temperature between 30 - 40°C, time is 10 days), and then granulate and dry the second fermentation product (temperature between 40 - 50°C, moisture content between 20 - 25%) to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0102] Comparative Example 2

[0103] The preparation steps of the organic fertilizer include (single strain):

[0104] S1. By mass, prepare the following raw materials: 300 parts of soybean stalks, 200 parts of milk vetch green manure, 150 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 215.1 parts of auxiliary materials and 3.5 parts of plant-derived extract;

[0105] Among them, the auxiliary materials are plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder and Bacillus subtilis with a mass ratio of 100:40:15:60:0.1; the plant-derived extract is a mixture of garlic extract and isatis root extract with a mass ratio of 1.5:2;

[0106] S2. After crushing the soybean stalks (about 2 - 3 cm), mix them evenly with the milk vetch green manure and livestock and poultry manure, adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and conduct the composting treatment (temperature between 55 - 65°C, time is 14 days) to obtain the composted product;

[0107] S3. Add plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid and Bacillus subtilis to the composted product, mix evenly and conduct the first fermentation treatment (temperature between 35 - 45°C, time is 10 days) to obtain the first fermentation product;

[0108] S4. Add zeolite powder, garlic extract and isatis root extract to the first fermentation product, mix evenly, conduct the second fermentation treatment (temperature between 30 - 40°C, time is 10 days), and then granulate and dry the second fermentation product (temperature between 40 - 50°C, moisture content between 20 - 25%) to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0109] Comparative Example 3

[0110] The preparation steps of the organic fertilizer include:

[0111] S1. By mass, prepare the following raw materials: 300 parts of soybean stalks, 200 parts of milk vetch green manure, 150 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 215.3 parts of auxiliary materials and 3.5 parts of plant-derived extract;

[0112] Among them, the auxiliary materials are plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae with a mass ratio of 100:40:15:60:0.1:0.2; the plant-derived extract is garlic extract and isatis root extract with a mass ratio of 1.5:2.

[0113] S2. After crushing the soybean stalks (about 2 - 3 cm), mix them evenly with other raw materials, adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and carry out composting treatment (at a temperature between 55 - 65 °C for 14 days) to obtain a composted product.

[0114] S3. Granulate and dry the composted product (at a temperature between 40 - 50 °C and a moisture content between 20 - 25%) to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0115] Test Example

[0116] Apply the organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3 as base fertilizers at application rates of 600 kg / acre for rice and 500 kg / acre for broad beans, and use the application of the same amount of composted cow dung as the control group (CK).

[0117] The selected varieties for rice - broad bean rotation are Dianheyou 615 (rice) and Fengdou No. 6 (broad beans).

[0118] The soil properties before applying the organic fertilizer were: initial pH 5.8, organic matter 15.2 g / kg, total nitrogen 1.28 g / kg, available phosphorus 18.5 mg / kg, and available potassium 120 mg / kg.

[0119] For Examples 1 - 3, Comparative Examples 1 - 3 and the control group, set three replicates for each group, and each replicate is 100 m 2 , and adopt the same planting and field management measures after applying the fertilizer.

[0120] Statistically analyze the yields of rice and broad beans and the soil physical and chemical properties before and after harvest.

[0121] The calculation standards for the yields of rice and broad beans are shown in Table 1, and the determination standards for the soil physical and chemical properties are shown in Table 2.

[0122] Table 1

[0123]

[0124] Table 2

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] Statistically analyze the yield data for two - year rice - broad bean rotation and calculate the average value. The yields of rice and broad beans are shown in Table 3.

[0128] Table 3

[0129]

[0130] The physical and chemical properties of the soil after two years of rice-bean rotation are shown in Table 4.

[0131] Table 4

[0132]

[0133] It can be seen from the data in Table 3 and Table 4 that, compared with the CK group, the fertilizer prepared by the present invention has a significantly higher yield increase effect than the decomposed cow dung under the same application rate. The difference between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 lies in whether a plant-derived extract is added. The yield increase of Example 1 is significant compared with that of Comparative Example 1 because allicin inhibits soil-borne diseases and the radix isatidis extract promotes nitrogen fixation by rhizobia. The difference between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 lies in whether Aspergillus oryzae is added. Example 1 is the synergy of composite strains, and Comparative Example 2 is a single strain. Example 1 not only has a significant yield increase compared with Comparative Example 2, but also has a more significant increase in soil available potassium, which benefits from the dual effects of potassium solubilization by Bacillus subtilis and cellulose decomposition by Aspergillus oryzae. The difference between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 lies in whether staged fermentation treatment is adopted. The soil organic matter of Example 1 is increased by 37% compared with that of Comparative Example 3. It can be seen that staged fermentation promotes lignin degradation and humic acid formation, and has a more significant improvement on the soil.

[0134] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0135] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation, characterized in that, By mass parts, the raw materials include: 200 - 400 parts of soybean stalks, 150 - 300 parts of Chinese milk vetch green manure, 100 - 200 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 170.2 - 300.4 parts of auxiliary materials, and 3 - 4 parts of plant - derived extracts; The auxiliary materials include plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae; The plant - derived extracts include garlic extract and isatis root extract.

2. The special organic fertilizer for rice and soybean rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, zeolite powder, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae is 80 - 150:30 - 50:10 - 20:50 - 80:0.1 - 0.2:0.1 - 0.

2.

3. The special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation according to claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the garlic extract and isatis root extract is 1.5 - 2:1.5 - 2.

4. A method for preparing a special organic fertilizer for rice-bean rotation according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the steps It includes: Crush the soybean stalks, mix them evenly with Chinese milk vetch green manure and livestock and poultry manure, adjust the moisture content to 50 - 60%, and then carry out composting treatment to obtain a composted product; Add plant ash, cassava residue, humic acid, and Bacillus subtilis to the composted product, mix evenly and carry out the first fermentation treatment to obtain a first - fermented product; Add Aspergillus oryzae, zeolite powder, garlic extract, and isatis root extract to the first - fermented product, mix evenly, and carry out the second fermentation treatment to obtain the special organic fertilizer for rice - bean rotation.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The particle size of the crushed soybean stalks is 2 - 3 cm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature of the composting treatment is 55 - 65°C, and the time is 7 - 14 days.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature of the first fermentation treatment is 35 - 45°C, and the time is 5 - 10 days.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The temperature of the second fermentation treatment is 30 - 40°C, and the time is 5 - 10 days.

9. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes the steps of granulating and drying the material after the second fermentation treatment.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The temperature of the drying is 40 - 50°C, and it is dried until the moisture content is 20 - 25%.

Images